The meteor that killed the dinosaurs was much smaller than the one that created the moon. In order to create such damage to make something as big as the moon you need something almost half the size of the earth, and that would have killed everything, not just the dinosaurs
@@uruxdrone wow thats crazy theirs asteroids just flying through space at insanely fast speeds that are the size of mars? wow we really could be taken out any time huh
@@uruxdrone funnily enough mars is about half the size of the earth, so both are correct 😅 (i just needed to clarify half the radius, not half the volume)
@@EasyWinking Those kinds of free-floating planets are called "Rogue planets" and they mostly happen in the early life of the star-system. Most of them get gobbled up by the Gas Giants like Jupiter and Saturn or get flung into the empty void between the stars. Some get fused into smaller planets and produce moons around the formed planet from the debris. Our gas giants are basically hoovers and are the main reason why our inner System is so peaceful nowdays. I'm not an astronomer or in a related field, so I'm willing to be corrected on what I wrote
Also, when the rogue planet that became the Moon hit the Earth, it literally liquified them both for a while, and it was the impact force that shot out some ejection matter that eventually reformed into the moon. That's why there doesn't seem to be any impact crater - it was such a massive event that it basically restarted the planetary birth cycle, and both the Earth and Moon essentially became brand new planetary system.
This guy is great. While he doesn’t know everything, he has a genuine curiosity and want to learn. He also asks great questions and uses great logic. Great video!
what are you watching because in the vid im watching he is very stupid not even knowing the basics (PS IM NOT TRYING TO BE RUDE IM JUST SAYING WHAT I SEE)
@@mgz_lxw4492*20 mins of silence and staring like: 😐* "chat is this real?" *goes back to this: 😐* Thats why i like this guy, he'a not boring like most reaction stuff
5:30 The idea is that it's random mutations that enable individuals to do something others couldn't, something that gives them an advantage and leads to them reproducing more efficiently, thus the trait becomes common. Takes millions of years for some random freak to come along and turn out to be an improvement over the norm :P Then they just gotta multiply.
exactly. people fail to understand that the mutations are random, so they could be completely horrible changes, or great ones. it’s just that the great mutations are obviously preferred and reproduced more. i always see people not understand how creatures just magically become better suited for the environment, but it’s just because it’s just random. if the mutation was bad, they would die or not reproduce with it.
5:18 Guys going on land probably started with fish living in shallow waters, and kind of scooting around in the most shallow areas. Those that could survive in areas that are more shallow get more food, and end up being more likely to make more fish that are more similar to them. Eventually, some started being able to quickly jump onto land, eat the food others couldn’t reach. Eventually, that turned into amphibians and stuff like that. Not just one fish changing like that all in one day, but one that was born slightly better at getting that food, and then being more likely to make a baby that is even better at it.
i laughed too! there were two atomic bombs dropped- on to two cities full of women and children, Hiroshima and Nagasaki- the belief by many Americans and others is that the US had no choice and needed to end the war- the truth is (there are many govt docs declassified that prove it) that the bombing campaign had destroyed many industrial areas and not only were the people starving the army and navy were massively under resourced. all experts said japan would be forced to surrender under collapse in 6 weeks. The US only had to wait it out, however billions of dollars had been spent on the Manhattan project to develop atomic weapons and the president decided to bomb civilians to a) test the bombs and b) show "strength" to the international community the effect on the bombs and victims were meticulously studied by the US govt (much like the nazees did experiments on Jewish prisoners of war) and then used to plan for any future similar attack's that might be coming for americans. In fact the reason American kids in the 1950s were told to "duck and cover" was that American scientists observed that some victims of the Hiroshima bomb had survived by simply being blocked by a table or wall, while the people next to them were incinerated. really f**ked up stuff. there are still people alive today who are suffering from radiation diseases and defects from the effects. if you haven't already you should check out Grave of the fireflies, or if you are VERY brave, barefoot gen. two excellent anime about the war from Japan's perspective.
@@rebeccagibbs4128 Yeah cause we for sure know what a fanatical country like Japan would of done. Oh right they literally planned on going all out with every civilian possible to defend their homeland even committing mass suicide bombings against the vehicles....
@@rodrigoelcapo2958 my man asked how evolution worked, in my country we call that science, you may not have heard of it but it can be very useful knowledge base to have you might look into it
5:07 The best way I can explain this is by saying nature isn't perfect. Like if it made something complex, it's gonna be pretty hard to replicate it. Pretty relatable. So there's bound to be mistake(mutations) some good and some bad. Sometimes, when shit happens, these mutations could be what makes a species survive. So those that don't survive, die, and those that survive because of their mutation gets to reproduce and pass on that mutation they just so happened to have and live on. So no, things don't just evolve whenever it suits them, it comes more from natural selection and genetic variation... if that makes sense
Explaining how life came about is my favorite thing ever. Chemical evolution is so cool. To start you have to talk about the Urey-Miller experiment. Back in the 1950s these two biochemists did an experiment in which they took a containment chamber, filled it with water, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, and all the things you expect to find on any fledgling planet. All the things you would expect on any new Earths. They put a fire underneath so it would evaporate, go into another container to be zapped with electrodes, cooled, funneled back to the original container and cycles back through. They are simulating the patterns of an early Earth, and simulating all the elements you could find on Earth. You take early simple ingredients, get them hot, get them cold, zapped with lightning and other normal processes. They ran it for a while and when they come back they took samples. To their surprise, the water is no longer clear, but is a gross reddish brown. They test it and find it is now full of amino acids. Amino acids are the things that build proteins and make life happen. That is called chemical evolution. Very simple inorganic ingredients come together via totally natural means and form organic macromolecules. There are 4 macromolecules that make up life. Lipids, proteins, carbs and nucleic acids. Those are the 4 macromolecules that make up everything alive. Each one is a polymer meaning its a molecule that forms a chain. I'll explain each of these below: PROTEINS are made of chains of amino acids that fold up on themselves. A chain of amino acids is a primary structure. Then it folds into an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet called a secondary structure. Then it forms a glob called a tertiary structure. Sometimes some globs come together and thats then a quaternary structure and so on. Thats how proteins work. Proteins make up skin, muscle, bones, and everything like that. CARBS are sugars. Long chain simple sugars such as glucose or fructose. If you stick them together you get sucrose. A bunch of those together makes a polysaccharide. This makes carbs like starche, cellulose and such. LIPIDS are fats. You have a twisted hydrocarbon chain that repels water and thats a lipid. There are various kinds like phospholipids where a long hydrocarbon chain comes off it to repel water and on the other end is a phosphorus group that attracts water. This makes a hydrophilic and hydrophobic end. One attracts and one repels water. If you take any lipid like cooking oil for example and put it in water it forms a bubble all by itself. Nobody has to tell it to do that. That's because a sphere is the smallest possible surface area and is the most energetically protected from the water around it. It would take more energy to make any other shape and the universe is lazy. Everything is always as energetically simple as possible. Lipids that naturally form out of normal stuff under normal circumstances, naturally form spheres. Amino acids which make proteins that naturally form out of natural stuff can get stuck in one of these spheres, and you now have something that practically represents a cell. All this stuff formed by totally natural means and naturally assumes the shape of a sphere can naturally come together and form a cell. You can do this in a jar. Now imagine that on a planet taking place over millions of years. The Urey-Miller experiment has been redone in different ways many times by putting other things in, leaving some things out, and hundreds of combinations and it just always works. Later, we figured out this happens in hydrothermal vents. They pump out acids and bases. These have proton gradients. Whats that? Well an acid is a chemical with a bunch of extra protons and a base is something that doesn't have enough and has too many electrons. When they neutralize they give off electrical charges that move one place to the next. This is how your cells make energy today. Mitochondria pass protons across a membrane. This turns a protein called ATP synthesis which makes adenosine triphosphate and thats how our body works. It's how most cells today work. Where can we find natural proton gradients right now? Hydrothermal vents. Where can we find the building blocks of lipids and proteins? Hydrothermal vents. We can even find amino acids, including all the ones important to life, in space. Just floating on asteroids. They form naturally all by themselves all over. You have the building blocks of life, the thing that makes energy in cells even today happening naturally all by itself in hydrothermal vents and all over the universe. Life then starts all by itself. Now we also have NUCLEIC ACIDS, the 4th macromolecule, which is DNA and RNA. We do debate what came first, but the most common consensus is RNA came first. I also follow the RNA world hypothesis. Let me explain why. RNA is cool because it isn't just something that carries information, but it also works as a catalysts to make reactions happen. A catalysts is something that lowers the activation energy of a reaction. It makes a reaction happen easier and faster with less energy. So RNA carries genetic information, it can also make more of itself, and it can make other reactions happen faster. Think about how proteins are made in your body today. It's like this. You have mRNA(messenger RNA) that makes proteins happen. How? It goes to a ribosome to be read. What are ribosomes made of? They are made of rRNA(ribosomal RNA), and aren't membrane bound organelles. In the ribosome something brings over amino acids to make the protein. What brings them over? tRNA(transfer RNA). So when your body makes proteins it uses RNA to tell RNA to use RNA to make a protein. Again, you can do this in a jar. That is why the major consensus is that RNA came first. RNA is something that is so unbelievably useful. Why do we have DNA then? Because once it happened to form DNA was/is really good at long term storage and it's far more stable meaning it stuck around better. You can divide it, make more of it, pack it into a tight wad and have it twist around proteins called histones to makes a tight rope called chromatin, and then chromatin forms a body called a chromosome. Thats how DNA works. It wraps around proteins, wraps into a thick rope, and those thick ropes form a chromosome. It's super easy to divide these and split them up. Is it so hard to believe that some of these naturally forming nucleic acids found their way into a blob of naturally forming lipids? THEN they split, THEN you have 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell THEN cytokenesis happens where actin filaments tighten around the cell in a contractile ring, and remember lipids form bubbles naturally, so once squished together you now have a cleavage furrow that then splits into two seperate bubbles! You now have dividing life out of literally "nothing". It's not difficult at all to say that very simple ingredients found all over the universe that naturally form organic molecules by natural processes then naturally stated making more of themselves. You then get a VERY early organism. Something so insanely simple. Not bacteria, that would be unbelievably complex in comparison. Just a very simple membrane, very simple genetic material and very simple proteins. The very basics of all of this. That is what we call LUCA. There was probably a ton of very early life, but LUCA is the one that stuck around. Everything that ever lived past that point is related to LUCA. We have a very clear picture of how everything evolved after that. I can gladly get into that if anyone want me to. I'm an evolutionary biologist so this tickles me all over when I get to explain it.
I would greatly enjoy your explanation about how things started to evolve from that, or if you have a website you could refer me to that talks about that. I am not a biologist so I have a terrible time explaining to my religious family how the world works because I can't articulate my thoughts as well as this. I'll definitely show them this very easy to understand comment.
@@alienboi9498 i come from a very religious background my grandfather was a protestant preacher, my mother the daughter. it was very tough for me as i went especially through puberty and figuring things out to find talking points whilst discussing religion since i come from another time where we didnt had the internet and all this knowledge just a click away. i would simply start with wikipedia!
The "fish" of that time had a kid that could handle the air a little better than its parent due to a random mutation. It survived and had kids that shared its mutation. Keep having the best mutations survive and the worst mutations die, and you get evolution.
We’re actually highly adaptable, I think what you’re thinking about are highly specialized species who have adapted to a particular environment. They’re actually more prone to extinction because they’re so specialized and dependent on their habitat.
13:00 To address this point, I think the problem tends to be when religion gets mixed up with politics. A lot of times in history, religion is adopted by governments as a way of uniting the people (so that everyone has a common belief in something, on what is right and wrong, on the view of the world or how the world should be, etc.), but the problem with governments is that historically they have also manipulated religion into something to pit people against each other when they wanted to do something and wanted to get people on their side for it (for example, conquering a land). Often these things have little to nothing to do with the actual religions themselves, which is also why we see IN-fighting among religions with different sects beefing with and killing each other. I think the same problem exists with race, sex, or really anything else that involves group distinction or an us vs. them mentality, and if religion didn't exist, people would find another reason to hate or kill each other over (as they already do), but religion is a common one that gets manipulated because it involves something as grand as how people understand the world and the human condition. If that makes sense.
My high school history teacher stopped during a lecture on the crusades, and asked us what he thought wars were fought over. We gave a bunch of answers like religion, economic systems, land, etc. The teacher stopped us and asked us to think of what the root of every single one of those things was. It came down to resources. In every single situation of war, the rationale can be boiled down to 'they have something we want.' The Crusades weren't about spreading Christianity, they were about reclaiming land that the Christians believed belonged to them. The Taliban and ISIS aren't fighting to spread Islam, they're fighting to retake what they feel America has taken from them. The Evangelicals aren't waging political wars in America because God decreed it, they're doing it because there's money to be made in the business of corruption. While the average believer in these causes might truly think it's because of their religion, it doesn't take much critical thinking to realise that the people actually making the decisions are happily taking advantage of the zealotry of their followers to achieve their own goals. Religion is never the point. It's just a convenient excuse because telling your religious faithful that you intend to slaughter thousands over material resources kind of defeats the whole point of the 'peaceful lie' that is religion. Religion creates a scaffold under which any selfishness and hypocrisy can be forgiven as long as they're aimed at the enemy.
stuff like this has always been interesting to me but its more fun to see other people enjoy it and walk away feeling like they learned something new too. Science, history, space, all those things can be taught in such cool ways
Your question at 0:42 is a very good one, and something that even physicists don't actually know. However, they are working on it. at 4:08 that wasn't the ice age, but an event called snowball earth, which has been postulated to have ushered in a period known as the Ediacaran, which then led directly to the Cambrian explosion, which was where all major animal forms appeared (so chordates or animals with a spinal chord), segmented animals (so animals with a head something called cephalochordates), thorax and trunk). To answer your question at 5:07, evolution works on constant small changes to the population which become advantageous to the population. So in the case of what they call the 'fishibians' their gills became more concentrated with oxygen capturing villi. Then eventually these became so condensed that they could have formed very primitive lungs (similar to what you find in the lungfish today). The reason for this has been possibly linked to increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, raising temperatures and causing a greenhouse effect. Another reason could have been the divergence of apex predators such as the anomalocarids. Also whilst it may not seem like it, we are evolving. 20% of us are born without wisdom teeth now, some tribes in the Himalayas have evolved so that their lungs are better adapted to lower oxygen levels at altitude, and some in the Caribbean, have had specific genes called sonic hedgehog genes (which cause the breakdown of the skin between your fingers and toes) turned down to allow for webbing to appear, allowing these pearl fishers to be more efficient in water, when diving. at 06:39 you asked about the moon and the dinosaur extinction (KPg extinction event). The moon was formed ~4.51 billion years ago, after the earth was hit by a Mars sized planet called Thea. The KPg impactor was about 10 miles wide and hit a peninsula off of the east coast of Mexico in a place called Chixilub, which wiped out the non avian dinosaurs
6:33 The Dino killer meteor was but a grain of sand compared to what made the moon. Granted it was still estimated to be 5 miles wide, but tiny by comparison to the moon maker.
4:44 "how does [evolution] work?" Im not a professional but i am studying and this is one of my favourite subjects. Many people think evolution is "hey, we need this character trait in order to survive, time to spend millions of years developing it." Which isnt entirely incorrect but is the wrong approach, which ends up with people getting confused. It works the other way around, and remembering the phrase "survival of the fittest" is one of the easiest ways to explain it. Instead of species evolving the traits they require in order to survive, nature really just tries a bit of everything. Whatever survives long enough to successfully mate, passes their genes to the next generation. If one particular trait is very successful, it keeps getting passed down. Anything that cannot survive as they are, or traits that are unhelpful, die out and dont get passed down to the next generation. Picture this - the evolution of the giraffes long neck. Im not saying this is exactly how it went down, but this is the example that helped me understand evolution. Imagine there used to be a giraffe species that had shorter necks. But for whatever reason, the only plants they can eat are high up in the trees. Only the girraffes with the longest necks would reach the food, and the others would starve. Over time, the giraffes with the longest necks would pass down their genes to their offspring, creating more of them. And the shorter necked girraffes wouldnt get the chance to reproduce, reducing the short neck trait. Eventually, you're only left with the long necks. Recently, scientists are starting to realise that evolution doesnt have to happen over millions of years. It can happen quite quickly. Its usually based on the pressures of their environment. Imagine a species of moth with two different coloured traits. Most of the population are green, with only a few brown moths. As they can both camoflauge in the trees, they both survive just fine. Then, a massive wildfire dominates the landscape, charring all the trees and reducing the leaves to ashes. Out of the surviving moths, the green ones stand out a lot more, and are therefore more likely to be eaten by predators. If all the green moths get eaten, only the brown moths are left to reproduce. In a relatively short amount of time, the entire population could be brown.
Yeah i literally lost brain cells hearing him say shit like that He also thought the snowball earth was the ice age (well, the most well known ice age, not the countless others that came before it)
I always think the reason people kill for religion is twofold. 1. Fear for their religion being wrong. 2. Control. The rulers of the religion don't want anyone else telling their people how to think.
Don, not to be mean but... if you think all humans looked like us (200,000 years ago, you're being silly). Humans did evolve physically, and in recent years our brains have gotten smaller (not dumber... tho TikTok would convince me).
6:42 the giant ball that hit earth and became the moon is way older, billions of years, the meteor that killed the dinossaurs is much more recent (and a lot smaller too) by the way, it didn't just instantly kill the dinossaurs, it changed the environment so much that the dinossaurs started dying it took something like 100 thousand years for the extinction (which is very very fast geologicaly)
the moon formed long before the planet had life. it was a mars sized planet that hit earth, causing the entire planets solid mass to become liquid, and the moon formed from a small portion that was ejected and caught in our gravitational pull.
Common misconception about the "big bang" is that it was the beginning of everything. The problem with that thinking is you can then ask "what came before?" A great analogy I've heard from an expert went like this: "Asking what came before the big bang is like asking what is north of the north pole." Gravity stretches time, so if you could make time move in reverse just to see what happens before the big bang, your relative time frame would keep stretching, and you'd never actually get there.
This video (that you watched) isn't what I expected after the last one but it was easy to get into. It did move quickly! I anticipated another space-oriented video after the last one but I appreciate how the person who put this together was able to concisely capture all of the information presented; it's also cool to have a better idea of some parts of human history I didn't know (especially India, I feel like I didn't learn a whole lot about them in school?). I found your point about humans adapting the environment around them to be a really interesting one! I wonder if being able to process more complex information has had us evolve the environment instead of waiting for evolution to take place naturally/on its own? For instance, cheetahs aren't out there trying to build empires or invent rockets that go to space so I'd imagine their adaptation to environment tends to be on a more gradual scale than ours. I also wanted to comment briefly about you mentioning wars over religion: as I've gotten older, I've begun to hold the view that wars like that are usually about more than religion. Some reasons could include acquiring resources or even a desire for power (some folks seem to be especially into that); these aren't the only two reasons but it's what my mind can recall off the cuff. A lot of what I was taught about history growing up now feels like a righteous but not wholly honest telling of the world. An instance of that (which isn't religious but blew me away when I learned it) was about the use of m*thamphetamines in the Second World War. Politics aside, I didn't know it had been around that long or used militarily like that. I had a similar experience reading Viktor Frankl's book about that time (Man's Search for Meaning) and having to admit a portion of the victims adapted to the circumstances by becoming cruel themselves. I get it's not a pleasant truth but I felt more at peace with it, even though it was initially surprising. This hasn't diminished the positive in humanity for me; it's painted a picture I think is more honest for admitting the reality of the dark side with the same validity as I do for the light. (But I'm the sort of person who prefers the truth to a comforting lie - the latter has tended to make me feel dissatisfied rather than comforted.) ... All this to say that I think sometimes the topic of religion may have overshadowed a few of the other central issues at play in various historical wars. Anyway, thanks for another fun video!
I think my favorite random science trivia is that time travel(to the future) is actually real. And Albert Einstein predicted it over a hundred years ago. might be a bit of a stretch calling it time travel, but his theories of special and general relativity included the idea that gravity is not a tethering force between objects, but rather a consequence of the curvature of space-time( which are actually the same thing and not two separate concepts) in close proximity to objects of incredible mass. the most accessible demonstration of this concept, at least where the explanation of "gravity" is concerned, is covering a round empty container with a piece of stretchy fabric. If you place a heavy object in the center, like a large steel bearing ball, the fabric becomes distorted into a funnel-like shape by its mass, which causes other less massive objects sitting on the fabric to roll towards the middle. Now imagine that instead of only space, the fabric also represents time. the closer to the object of incredible mass, and the greater the mass of the object, the more spacetime becomes stretched and distorted. all of this is to say that if you could leave earth and go take a lap around a celestial body of incredible mass, such as a bigger sun, or a black hole, or even a supermassive black hole (there's one at the center of every galaxy) you would experience time differently than those who remained on earth. specifically time would move more slowly for you. You would not be able to perceive this difference whatsoever, but when you returned to earth, time would have advanced significantly faster. This concept is called 'time dilation' and it isn't a theory or a hypothesis, it's a proven fact. Scientists took two identical timepieces and synced them as perfectly as possible. They kept one on earth, and sent the other up to the international space station for a period of time. Eventually when they brought it back to earth, the clocks were no longer in sync. The one that went to the space station was faster by a predictable and measurable amount. It was a very small amount, but it still serves as tangible evidence. (it was further away from earth's center of mass and as such, experienced less time dilation than the one on earth) so yeah, if you accept a couple of limitations, time travel to the future is a real possibility. The obstacle right now is space travel and all the compound problems associated with that.
Humans have developed physically in some regions where they fish in the sea. We can say they almost breathe underwater, because they can spend time more than the average time. We can adapt only when we put ourselves into the habitat.
I second this. But with a warning. It might actual mess you up mentally one you really start to think about how fucking huge things are. And how nothing we are.
About the adapting: we humans don‘t need the little toe of our feet anymore. A long time ago we needed it when we walked on all 4 to balance better. But now the little toe is just useless. Literally. Its very possible that in the future we‘ll evolve to 8 toes on our feet
Well, I don't know how possible that is given that there's no evolutionary pressure for that. It's not like people with 10 toes are gonna be less likely to reproduce or something.
Tot be fair, the earth had had multiple ice ages. We're actually still in one now. An ice age is defined by the presence of ice at the poles. Currently we are in what is called an interglacial period, that's where the ice has receded to just the poles.
Basically, different genes and mutations create variations in different parts that are slightly better for surviving than others. Slowly these genes become the norm as they get passed down. And this keeps happening until all of the mutations keep changing a certain part of the body to the point where it becomes an entire organ. And some mutations might have bigger changes than others.
The thing is animals have been around wayyyy longer than us so we haven't evolved much in recent history. Like as the video pits it, it took the fish 5 million years to be able to walk on land. Think about how long that actually is for a sec and it makes more sense
I love this channel I'm glad I found it I'm still relatively new to reaction content but I am the BIGGEST Bill Wurtz fan and I really like your style. You should check out Bill's music sometime! "I'm Scared" is probably one of my favs. Glad to be subbed!
Evolving to have half flipper legs took fish Millions of years... Humans have been around for a couple hundred... thousand years. We have Evolved... To fight diseases and literally just having ancestry mixed from different parts of the world itself is evolution in progress.
Maybe you can react to VSauce :) If you want educational and scientific content, he is great! Nice video btw. This one and the Smash Bros Brawl caught me off guard but were dope hahaha
The question at the start is basically the biggest question in science, the universe is currently expanding but one theory is that eventually it will start shrinking again into a tiny space until another big bang happens and everything restarts, so theoretically there’s infinite big bangs spanning back forever
humans are actually incredible at adapting not only because of our intelligence but also because our DNA actually changes to fit your environment, these would only be small changes and take time to make an effect but its the reason we can live in such diverse places. i also want to say that human civilization only goes back 100 thousand years but it takes millions of years to evolve, not to mention the fact that there used to be other species of humans such as the neanderthals and many others some of with had some form of civilization with jewelry and graves. if you want to see a bit of evolution over the course of our civilization, the average body temperature has dropped in the pass few decades, and looking at our early history we can see that we have gotten taller and our brains have gotten smaller. even though our brains have gotten smaller this doesn't impact our intelligence but rather our ability to process sensory input, this is because it is much easier to survive in modern civilization so we dont need to be able to detect predators from far away anymore. this is just my understanding so its probably not that accurate, so you should look into this yourself if you want to know more.
Most people would say believing in a higher power/entity in a non-religious way would be agnostic. Some people call it cop-out atheism, and that's fine too. Basically, if there's no god, you win the "I told you so" contest and if there is a god, you still win.
5:00 nah, what happened was Evolution: I’m giving you some fucking legs, deal with it. Animal: but these are useless Evolution: find something to do with them, I give out shit randomly
Even in fairly recent history, humans have evolved considerably. 10,000 years ago (which is indeed fairly recent on an evolutionary time scale) most humans were just over four feet tall, with women and med generally the same height and our skeletons were much more similar. With the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry, we began to gradually mature faster and grown larger. Those with increasing mental capacity (bigger brains) became more successful and gradually dominated, while women with wider hips had an easier time with childbirth and passed this trait on to their daughters. Taller men with more upper-body strength and 'tunnel vision' were more successful in hunting and combat; women with more lower-body strength and better at multitasking were more successful at child-rearing and social nuance. Men's spatial cognition and ability to track movement made them better hunters; women's enhanced color perception and sense of smell made them better foragers. You can see evidence of this throughout the world. In western societies, with access to better food and medical care, women are generally around 5'7" and men are generally over 6' tall; in eastern societies, with lesser access to food and medical care, men and women are both generally shorter than 5'5". (As of around 1800; things have improved considerably in the past two centuries but you can still see this influence; South Koreans are typically a few inches taller than North Koreans, etc.) Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis, our ancestor from roughly 3.1 million years ago) was roughly around 3'6" tall - we only gained half a foot in height over 3 million years, then gained nearly two feet in height in the next 10,000 years.
About the Big Bang: it's not so much that a "bang" started the universe, but that "the universe" including all of space and time as well as matter and energy, used to exist as a tiny point, and then it started getting bigger. The reason it did this is not known, but there's no reason to assume there was an outside force or cause. It's just what the universe appears to have done.
From chance mutations, lungs developed in some fish, and for those living in shallow water it was an advantage as they could then breathe air if the water was too low or they needed to move to a different pool. Gradually they spent more and more time out of the water. The mutations happen first, and then if they're handy, the creature finds new uses for them and those mutations get more pronounced. It's like today, you still have Lung Fish, who are in that transitional stage.
That's the misconception. Evolution doesn't choose anything. Evolution evolves in every direction. Minor changes over time that add up to big changes. And only the adaptations that work survive
21:53 that's not how it went. It's just short summary. And for the most part Gandhi didn't do shit. There were alot of freedom fighters who died and helped India get freedom
Yeah. Everyone gives Gandhi credit for absolutely nothing. He didn't do shit. The other revolutionaries were putting a lot more effort and the World War 2 help us get the Britishers out
About the fish that got onto land (tiktaakik), the evolution does not work with an intention. Rather, the adaptations needed for land evolved under other pressures, like the presence of legs, which primarily probably evolved as a response to the need of proper locomotion in shallow/planted aquatic habitats. The way it works is, in resume, fish that has those muscular stumps can move better and catch more prey than others in it's environment, fish with neck can turn the head and catch more prey too, so these characteristics have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Turns out that these characteristics are also advantageous for walking in land, and fish that managed to do that had access to more resources (bugs), thus being more likely to reproduce, and pass on. During this time, many mutations occur, but only the favorable ones were allowed to survive, reproduce, and fossilize. Ofc it's more complex than that but this is a TH-cam comment so I recommend giving a deeper look into how it works sometime, if you got interest.. Also, the fun part is that we predicted where Tiktaakik would be, based on other fossils, and found it exactly where it was calculated. We got some real precise shit on evolution nowadays xD
13:20 That's called agnosticism. There are a few ways to define it, but one is to acknowledge the existence a higher power without specifying who or what it is, on the concept that such a power might be unknowable or too complex for us to understand. People are more comfortable with what's familiar to them, and so when thinking about whatever it is that is responsible for - or at least in charge of - all existence, we like to make it something familiar, like ourselves, animals we know, or even something we made. Hence why most gods you see in the world's religions are at least somewhat like us. 13:26 That's called zealotry and fanaticism, some people take their belief so seriously that anyone who believes otherwise is wrong and needs to at least be taught what to believe, or at worst be killed. "God's will" is also a great motivation for war in general. Convincing people that they have the approval, or even the encouragement and support of a divine power can make them much more confident in risking their lives for whatever cause you're fighting for.
ice age was later (~2 million years ago) snow ball earth was before the Cambrian explosion (650 million years ago) the meteorite that killed the dinosaur and the moon are also million years apart (the moon formed 4.51 billion years ago) non-avian* dinosaur died (approximately 66 million years ago)(*avian means bird so all birds are dinosaur) a decently popular theory is the big crunch as origin/ end. meaning that the big bang was a restart point and before the big bang their was just another universe and at the end everything will collide/ implode than explode in a new big bang making time a Cyclic thing.
The universe began, scientists believe, with every speck of its energy jammed into a very tiny point. This extremely dense point exploded with unimaginable force, creating matter and propelling it outward to make the billions of galaxies of our vast universe. Astrophysicists dubbed this titanic explosion the Big Bang.
13:23 so people killed each other over religion because governments (and society) used it as a way to become homogenous. At the time religion was one of the biggest organizing factors in a society to keep everyone together. If a new one is introduced it threatens to destabilize belief systems held by the government and societal norms, so those ideas were to be crushed to retain order.
people are still killed over religious faf to this day, it's honestly ridiculous. human beings have the capacity to be so brilliant but also so incredibly stupid. sometimes even within the same person.
I think humans haven't changed or evolved yet because we just haven't had the time to. Drastic evolutions usually take millions of years to happen, and relative to the world we just haven't been around for that long.
4:05 Hate to burst your bubble, but those few events were called snowball earths, hens why he used the term snowball. We are currently in an ice age as we have polar ice caps, however they are melting due to the fact we are entering a warming period of the earths cycle and climate change is speeding up the process.
History oversimplified are some great videos for reactions. Also highly recommend the video "The fallen of WW2. Depressing, but it's to pay respect to those who died.
People didn't kill each other for religion. That was just the pretext. People killed each others for control and resources, as they always do. Religion, no matter if you actually believe them or not, are an incredibly powerful tool to control populations. most ruler knew and understood that, and so, took step so THEIR religion would prevail.
5:50 the theory of evolution is that groups of animals developed certain beneficial mutations which helped them to survive. Imagine, there was one species looking for food. Some of them were actively hunting while others decided that it's easier to take away someone else's prey. Over time they'd start drifting apart because they found their niche and adapted to become dominant in that niche. The one group would start showing signs of increased speed and durability while the others become bulkier with stronger jaws to break bones. And millions of years later you find animals that resemble wolves and hyenas (not actual biology in that last sentence). You might want to react to the TierZoo channel, they explain evolution as if it was some sort of MMORPG game
5:30 Fish species with larger fins than others happens to find food source on land but close to water, gives it an advantage over fish with smaller fins. Since it requires being in open air, fish of that species with mutations that make them SLIGHTLY able to absorb oxygen from air just like from water (Absorbing oxygen from air is actually VERY similar to absorbing it from water, in the grand scheme of things, thought it's a bit harder to go the other way around, hence whales still needing air ages after going back into the ocean) are more likely to survive, and that trait slowly grows stronger, and the organs responsible slowly begin to change. Over time, their eggs begin to change as well, adapting to shallower and shallower water, until they don't need external water to survive. Fins get more and more adapted to land, gills slowly become proto-lungs, then lungs, scales change function, eyes adapt to different wavelengths of light, and they find ANOTHER adaptation more likely to make them survive. Life is a constant arms race, the only rule is procreate more than you die.
Also, humans have adapted a lot physically in the past centuries, comparatively. It's just that a lot of the catalysts that caused those changes are uh.....very hard to talk about, considering they involved groups of people and their relatives. One big one is America from 1776 to 1865.
I have seen many peoples with scientific education react to this video... but it's the first time I see someone who clearly dropped school before first grade. OGM it was hillarious XD
What you started saying at 4:40 made me realize how hard it is to explain evolution sometimes. It can be hard to wrap your head around, especially for those that are less open minded.
13:23 Even weirder is that Jews, Christians and Muslims believe in the same god (Allah just means god, point is there is only one, not multiple weird ones). Quran even acknowledges Christ as the previous prophet. Problem is that religion can be an amazing weapon to use people by the power hungry. There are also people with extremist tendencies (not just religious ones) in any group. Radical group's biggest enemy is a very similar radical group with slightly different opinion.
13:36 FYI the 3 religions of christianity, judaism and islam have the same god. It's just a question of different interpretations of scriptures, prophets and stories. They killed and (still kill lel) each other because they believe that any interpretation other than their own is a sin. And because of old war grudges too.
Regarding your first question about the beginning of the big bang. We don't really have a definite answer, but some good theories. A few of these are, The idea of all the universal mass was focused into a singularity, and exploded into the universe, and over time will collapse due to gravity back into a singularity, restarting the cycle. (Although this could be disproven due to the universe constantly expanding). Another is that our 3-Dimemsional reality exists with the singularity of a black hole that formed in a higher 4th Dimension, explaining why we can't travel into them, as for us, we would not survive in a 2-Dimensional universe. Another is that the observable universe as we know it is the result of an explosion of an incomprehensibly large Star-like object. Think how stars today explode, emit particles which form structures, and eventually a new solar system or black hole, etc. Unfortunately all these answers are paradoxical in nature, but that's something you have to realise might be an inherent feature of our universes existence.
" the thing that hit the Dinosaur became the moon" BROO WHAAAAAAAAAT?????????? That has to be the most American thing ever ever heard in my life. Like how tf would they even live.
the leading theory for the big bang explosion is that at a certain point in time, all of the matter in the universe was packed into a space smaller than an an - day marble. Then, all of this suddenly pushed outwards, creating the universe
prior to colonization, India was one of the strongest economies in the world. They were called the jewel of the empire due to the wealth stolen to fund their nation.
The meteor that killed the dinosaurs was much smaller than the one that created the moon. In order to create such damage to make something as big as the moon you need something almost half the size of the earth, and that would have killed everything, not just the dinosaurs
some scientist say it was as big as mars when it collided with early earth
@@uruxdrone wow thats crazy theirs asteroids just flying through space at insanely fast speeds that are the size of mars? wow we really could be taken out any time huh
@@uruxdrone funnily enough mars is about half the size of the earth, so both are correct 😅 (i just needed to clarify half the radius, not half the volume)
@@EasyWinking Those kinds of free-floating planets are called "Rogue planets" and they mostly happen in the early life of the star-system. Most of them get gobbled up by the Gas Giants like Jupiter and Saturn or get flung into the empty void between the stars. Some get fused into smaller planets and produce moons around the formed planet from the debris. Our gas giants are basically hoovers and are the main reason why our inner System is so peaceful nowdays.
I'm not an astronomer or in a related field, so I'm willing to be corrected on what I wrote
Also, when the rogue planet that became the Moon hit the Earth, it literally liquified them both for a while, and it was the impact force that shot out some ejection matter that eventually reformed into the moon. That's why there doesn't seem to be any impact crater - it was such a massive event that it basically restarted the planetary birth cycle, and both the Earth and Moon essentially became brand new planetary system.
This guy is great. While he doesn’t know everything, he has a genuine curiosity and want to learn. He also asks great questions and uses great logic. Great video!
Yea! :D I just found his channel today by chance and I've seen only 2 of his videos but he seems like a nice and genuine guy :D
Refreshing seeing somebody who reacts and asks questions rather than just spewing shit when they don’t know something
He certently isant educated but at least he,s learning 😊😊😊
what are you watching because in the vid im watching he is very stupid not even knowing the basics (PS IM NOT TRYING TO BE RUDE IM JUST SAYING WHAT I SEE)
@@mgz_lxw4492*20 mins of silence and staring like: 😐*
"chat is this real?"
*goes back to this: 😐*
Thats why i like this guy, he'a not boring like most reaction stuff
5:30 The idea is that it's random mutations that enable individuals to do something others couldn't, something that gives them an advantage and leads to them reproducing more efficiently, thus the trait becomes common. Takes millions of years for some random freak to come along and turn out to be an improvement over the norm :P Then they just gotta multiply.
good explanation
we're already evolved as well
well said! The variation of nature is so natural and it's weird to me how people fail to embrace it more~
exactly. people fail to understand that the mutations are random, so they could be completely horrible changes, or great ones. it’s just that the great mutations are obviously preferred and reproduced more. i always see people not understand how creatures just magically become better suited for the environment, but it’s just because it’s just random. if the mutation was bad, they would die or not reproduce with it.
@@okay2111 finally a smart person around, I constantly argue with my religious family about evolution. You get it
5:18
Guys going on land probably started with fish living in shallow waters, and kind of scooting around in the most shallow areas. Those that could survive in areas that are more shallow get more food, and end up being more likely to make more fish that are more similar to them. Eventually, some started being able to quickly jump onto land, eat the food others couldn’t reach. Eventually, that turned into amphibians and stuff like that. Not just one fish changing like that all in one day, but one that was born slightly better at getting that food, and then being more likely to make a baby that is even better at it.
Definitely. The video doesn’t really do it justice but I get it’s just a fun video
@@kayzeazaThe vydeo would be 10 hours long.
@@pls6435 I meant more of the visuals. It shows fish going from deep ocean to land. Instead of shallow sea to land
@@kayzeazai mean he tried when he introduced photosynthesis
21:45 deadass I choked on my tea at the mention of Hashirama bomb XD
i laughed too!
there were two atomic bombs dropped- on to two cities full of women and children, Hiroshima and Nagasaki- the belief by many Americans and others is that the US had no choice and needed to end the war- the truth is (there are many govt docs declassified that prove it) that the bombing campaign had destroyed many industrial areas and not only were the people starving the army and navy were massively under resourced. all experts said japan would be forced to surrender under collapse in 6 weeks. The US only had to wait it out, however billions of dollars had been spent on the Manhattan project to develop atomic weapons and the president decided to bomb civilians to a) test the bombs and b) show "strength" to the international community
the effect on the bombs and victims were meticulously studied by the US govt (much like the nazees did experiments on Jewish prisoners of war) and then used to plan for any future similar attack's that might be coming for americans. In fact the reason American kids in the 1950s were told to "duck and cover" was that American scientists observed that some victims of the Hiroshima bomb had survived by simply being blocked by a table or wall, while the people next to them were incinerated. really f**ked up stuff. there are still people alive today who are suffering from radiation diseases and defects from the effects.
if you haven't already you should check out Grave of the fireflies, or if you are VERY brave, barefoot gen. two excellent anime about the war from Japan's perspective.
Same bro watched too much Naruto
😂I was watching and cooking… 😢my hand
THIS IS THE SECOND TIME HE'S CALLED THE HIROSHIMA BOMB THE HASHIRAMA BOMB
@@rebeccagibbs4128 Yeah cause we for sure know what a fanatical country like Japan would of done. Oh right they literally planned on going all out with every civilian possible to defend their homeland even committing mass suicide bombings against the vehicles....
i love when people react to this vid because it really shows those who didnt pay that much attention in science class lol
is that how you call history in your country?
@@rodrigoelcapo2958 my man asked how evolution worked, in my country we call that science, you may not have heard of it but it can be very useful knowledge base to have you might look into it
@@rodrigoelcapo2958I mean yes it’s the history is the entire world, I guess, but it’s a huuuuge part science ^^
@@b1xssom838 I wish
@@rodrigoelcapo2958wish what?😂
“was it the hashirama bomb” lil bro been watching too many anime😭
Love these random educational reactions every now and then, it changes it up💯
5:07 The best way I can explain this is by saying nature isn't perfect. Like if it made something complex, it's gonna be pretty hard to replicate it. Pretty relatable. So there's bound to be mistake(mutations) some good and some bad. Sometimes, when shit happens, these mutations could be what makes a species survive. So those that don't survive, die, and those that survive because of their mutation gets to reproduce and pass on that mutation they just so happened to have and live on. So no, things don't just evolve whenever it suits them, it comes more from natural selection and genetic variation... if that makes sense
So the only reason we even have these things on Earth is due to mutations that managed to cause...well this
Thats also why you won't be seeing a lion with idk miopia. Because if it had it he would die and wouldn't give it to the next gen
Explaining how life came about is my favorite thing ever. Chemical evolution is so cool. To start you have to talk about the Urey-Miller experiment. Back in the 1950s these two biochemists did an experiment in which they took a containment chamber, filled it with water, ammonia, methane, hydrogen, and all the things you expect to find on any fledgling planet. All the things you would expect on any new Earths. They put a fire underneath so it would evaporate, go into another container to be zapped with electrodes, cooled, funneled back to the original container and cycles back through. They are simulating the patterns of an early Earth, and simulating all the elements you could find on Earth. You take early simple ingredients, get them hot, get them cold, zapped with lightning and other normal processes. They ran it for a while and when they come back they took samples. To their surprise, the water is no longer clear, but is a gross reddish brown. They test it and find it is now full of amino acids. Amino acids are the things that build proteins and make life happen. That is called chemical evolution. Very simple inorganic ingredients come together via totally natural means and form organic macromolecules. There are 4 macromolecules that make up life. Lipids, proteins, carbs and nucleic acids. Those are the 4 macromolecules that make up everything alive. Each one is a polymer meaning its a molecule that forms a chain. I'll explain each of these below:
PROTEINS are made of chains of amino acids that fold up on themselves. A chain of amino acids is a primary structure. Then it folds into an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet called a secondary structure. Then it forms a glob called a tertiary structure. Sometimes some globs come together and thats then a quaternary structure and so on. Thats how proteins work. Proteins make up skin, muscle, bones, and everything like that.
CARBS are sugars. Long chain simple sugars such as glucose or fructose. If you stick them together you get sucrose. A bunch of those together makes a polysaccharide. This makes carbs like starche, cellulose and such.
LIPIDS are fats. You have a twisted hydrocarbon chain that repels water and thats a lipid. There are various kinds like phospholipids where a long hydrocarbon chain comes off it to repel water and on the other end is a phosphorus group that attracts water. This makes a hydrophilic and hydrophobic end. One attracts and one repels water. If you take any lipid like cooking oil for example and put it in water it forms a bubble all by itself. Nobody has to tell it to do that. That's because a sphere is the smallest possible surface area and is the most energetically protected from the water around it. It would take more energy to make any other shape and the universe is lazy. Everything is always as energetically simple as possible. Lipids that naturally form out of normal stuff under normal circumstances, naturally form spheres. Amino acids which make proteins that naturally form out of natural stuff can get stuck in one of these spheres, and you now have something that practically represents a cell. All this stuff formed by totally natural means and naturally assumes the shape of a sphere can naturally come together and form a cell. You can do this in a jar. Now imagine that on a planet taking place over millions of years.
The Urey-Miller experiment has been redone in different ways many times by putting other things in, leaving some things out, and hundreds of combinations and it just always works. Later, we figured out this happens in hydrothermal vents. They pump out acids and bases. These have proton gradients. Whats that? Well an acid is a chemical with a bunch of extra protons and a base is something that doesn't have enough and has too many electrons. When they neutralize they give off electrical charges that move one place to the next. This is how your cells make energy today. Mitochondria pass protons across a membrane. This turns a protein called ATP synthesis which makes adenosine triphosphate and thats how our body works. It's how most cells today work. Where can we find natural proton gradients right now? Hydrothermal vents. Where can we find the building blocks of lipids and proteins? Hydrothermal vents. We can even find amino acids, including all the ones important to life, in space. Just floating on asteroids. They form naturally all by themselves all over. You have the building blocks of life, the thing that makes energy in cells even today happening naturally all by itself in hydrothermal vents and all over the universe. Life then starts all by itself. Now we also have NUCLEIC ACIDS, the 4th macromolecule, which is DNA and RNA. We do debate what came first, but the most common consensus is RNA came first. I also follow the RNA world hypothesis. Let me explain why.
RNA is cool because it isn't just something that carries information, but it also works as a catalysts to make reactions happen. A catalysts is something that lowers the activation energy of a reaction. It makes a reaction happen easier and faster with less energy. So RNA carries genetic information, it can also make more of itself, and it can make other reactions happen faster. Think about how proteins are made in your body today. It's like this.
You have mRNA(messenger RNA) that makes proteins happen. How? It goes to a ribosome to be read. What are ribosomes made of? They are made of rRNA(ribosomal RNA), and aren't membrane bound organelles. In the ribosome something brings over amino acids to make the protein. What brings them over? tRNA(transfer RNA). So when your body makes proteins it uses RNA to tell RNA to use RNA to make a protein. Again, you can do this in a jar. That is why the major consensus is that RNA came first. RNA is something that is so unbelievably useful. Why do we have DNA then? Because once it happened to form DNA was/is really good at long term storage and it's far more stable meaning it stuck around better. You can divide it, make more of it, pack it into a tight wad and have it twist around proteins called histones to makes a tight rope called chromatin, and then chromatin forms a body called a chromosome. Thats how DNA works. It wraps around proteins, wraps into a thick rope, and those thick ropes form a chromosome. It's super easy to divide these and split them up.
Is it so hard to believe that some of these naturally forming nucleic acids found their way into a blob of naturally forming lipids? THEN they split, THEN you have 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell THEN cytokenesis happens where actin filaments tighten around the cell in a contractile ring, and remember lipids form bubbles naturally, so once squished together you now have a cleavage furrow that then splits into two seperate bubbles! You now have dividing life out of literally "nothing". It's not difficult at all to say that very simple ingredients found all over the universe that naturally form organic molecules by natural processes then naturally stated making more of themselves. You then get a VERY early organism. Something so insanely simple. Not bacteria, that would be unbelievably complex in comparison. Just a very simple membrane, very simple genetic material and very simple proteins. The very basics of all of this. That is what we call LUCA. There was probably a ton of very early life, but LUCA is the one that stuck around. Everything that ever lived past that point is related to LUCA. We have a very clear picture of how everything evolved after that. I can gladly get into that if anyone want me to. I'm an evolutionary biologist so this tickles me all over when I get to explain it.
you put so much work into this
I would greatly enjoy your explanation about how things started to evolve from that, or if you have a website you could refer me to that talks about that. I am not a biologist so I have a terrible time explaining to my religious family how the world works because I can't articulate my thoughts as well as this. I'll definitely show them this very easy to understand comment.
@@alienboi9498 i come from a very religious background my grandfather was a protestant preacher, my mother the daughter. it was very tough for me as i went especially through puberty and figuring things out to find talking points whilst discussing religion since i come from another time where we didnt had the internet and all this knowledge just a click away. i would simply start with wikipedia!
woah
This has to be the biggest message I’ve seen that is not a copypasta like that grass one
Didnt expect this, but this is one of my favorite videos so im down for it
The "fish" of that time had a kid that could handle the air a little better than its parent due to a random mutation. It survived and had kids that shared its mutation. Keep having the best mutations survive and the worst mutations die, and you get evolution.
We’re actually highly adaptable, I think what you’re thinking about are highly specialized species who have adapted to a particular environment. They’re actually more prone to extinction because they’re so specialized and dependent on their habitat.
13:00 To address this point, I think the problem tends to be when religion gets mixed up with politics.
A lot of times in history, religion is adopted by governments as a way of uniting the people (so that everyone has a common belief in something, on what is right and wrong, on the view of the world or how the world should be, etc.), but the problem with governments is that historically they have also manipulated religion into something to pit people against each other when they wanted to do something and wanted to get people on their side for it (for example, conquering a land). Often these things have little to nothing to do with the actual religions themselves, which is also why we see IN-fighting among religions with different sects beefing with and killing each other.
I think the same problem exists with race, sex, or really anything else that involves group distinction or an us vs. them mentality, and if religion didn't exist, people would find another reason to hate or kill each other over (as they already do), but religion is a common one that gets manipulated because it involves something as grand as how people understand the world and the human condition.
If that makes sense.
My high school history teacher stopped during a lecture on the crusades, and asked us what he thought wars were fought over. We gave a bunch of answers like religion, economic systems, land, etc. The teacher stopped us and asked us to think of what the root of every single one of those things was.
It came down to resources. In every single situation of war, the rationale can be boiled down to 'they have something we want.' The Crusades weren't about spreading Christianity, they were about reclaiming land that the Christians believed belonged to them. The Taliban and ISIS aren't fighting to spread Islam, they're fighting to retake what they feel America has taken from them. The Evangelicals aren't waging political wars in America because God decreed it, they're doing it because there's money to be made in the business of corruption. While the average believer in these causes might truly think it's because of their religion, it doesn't take much critical thinking to realise that the people actually making the decisions are happily taking advantage of the zealotry of their followers to achieve their own goals.
Religion is never the point. It's just a convenient excuse because telling your religious faithful that you intend to slaughter thousands over material resources kind of defeats the whole point of the 'peaceful lie' that is religion. Religion creates a scaffold under which any selfishness and hypocrisy can be forgiven as long as they're aimed at the enemy.
Two of the most logical and educated comments I've ever seen on TH-cam. Bravo 👏👏👏
@@rmg480 Definitely agree.
Yes, it very much makes sense😊
@@CinJyxxe Capitalism. You can make a religion out of it. Wait, no, don't.
stuff like this has always been interesting to me but its more fun to see other people enjoy it and walk away feeling like they learned something new too. Science, history, space, all those things can be taught in such cool ways
Your question at 0:42 is a very good one, and something that even physicists don't actually know. However, they are working on it.
at 4:08 that wasn't the ice age, but an event called snowball earth, which has been postulated to have ushered in a period known as the Ediacaran, which then led directly to the Cambrian explosion, which was where all major animal forms appeared (so chordates or animals with a spinal chord), segmented animals (so animals with a head something called cephalochordates), thorax and trunk).
To answer your question at 5:07, evolution works on constant small changes to the population which become advantageous to the population. So in the case of what they call the 'fishibians' their gills became more concentrated with oxygen capturing villi. Then eventually these became so condensed that they could have formed very primitive lungs (similar to what you find in the lungfish today). The reason for this has been possibly linked to increasing CO2 in the atmosphere, raising temperatures and causing a greenhouse effect. Another reason could have been the divergence of apex predators such as the anomalocarids. Also whilst it may not seem like it, we are evolving. 20% of us are born without wisdom teeth now, some tribes in the Himalayas have evolved so that their lungs are better adapted to lower oxygen levels at altitude, and some in the Caribbean, have had specific genes called sonic hedgehog genes (which cause the breakdown of the skin between your fingers and toes) turned down to allow for webbing to appear, allowing these pearl fishers to be more efficient in water, when diving.
at 06:39 you asked about the moon and the dinosaur extinction (KPg extinction event). The moon was formed ~4.51 billion years ago, after the earth was hit by a Mars sized planet called Thea. The KPg impactor was about 10 miles wide and hit a peninsula off of the east coast of Mexico in a place called Chixilub, which wiped out the non avian dinosaurs
Thanks for educated him. I wanted to explain it too, but sadly my English skills are much worst and I'm not able to write is down like that.
@@dark_an3251 that's the benefits of being an evolutionary biologist 😉😎👍
6:33
The Dino killer meteor was but a grain of sand compared to what made the moon. Granted it was still estimated to be 5 miles wide, but tiny by comparison to the moon maker.
I love how it took me years for me to study about SOME of this, but this guy explained it in 20 minutes 😂
4:44 "how does [evolution] work?" Im not a professional but i am studying and this is one of my favourite subjects. Many people think evolution is "hey, we need this character trait in order to survive, time to spend millions of years developing it." Which isnt entirely incorrect but is the wrong approach, which ends up with people getting confused. It works the other way around, and remembering the phrase "survival of the fittest" is one of the easiest ways to explain it.
Instead of species evolving the traits they require in order to survive, nature really just tries a bit of everything. Whatever survives long enough to successfully mate, passes their genes to the next generation. If one particular trait is very successful, it keeps getting passed down. Anything that cannot survive as they are, or traits that are unhelpful, die out and dont get passed down to the next generation.
Picture this - the evolution of the giraffes long neck. Im not saying this is exactly how it went down, but this is the example that helped me understand evolution. Imagine there used to be a giraffe species that had shorter necks. But for whatever reason, the only plants they can eat are high up in the trees. Only the girraffes with the longest necks would reach the food, and the others would starve. Over time, the giraffes with the longest necks would pass down their genes to their offspring, creating more of them. And the shorter necked girraffes wouldnt get the chance to reproduce, reducing the short neck trait. Eventually, you're only left with the long necks.
Recently, scientists are starting to realise that evolution doesnt have to happen over millions of years. It can happen quite quickly. Its usually based on the pressures of their environment.
Imagine a species of moth with two different coloured traits. Most of the population are green, with only a few brown moths. As they can both camoflauge in the trees, they both survive just fine. Then, a massive wildfire dominates the landscape, charring all the trees and reducing the leaves to ashes. Out of the surviving moths, the green ones stand out a lot more, and are therefore more likely to be eaten by predators. If all the green moths get eaten, only the brown moths are left to reproduce. In a relatively short amount of time, the entire population could be brown.
Natural selection with a bit of selective pressures at some points around time but yeah
“Was it the hashirama bomb?”
Yes followed by the tobirama Bomb later on(I’m sorry don 😅)
Honestly thought most of this was common sense but after hearing that “asteroid became the moon” thing I’m not gonna trust anyone anymore 💀
Yeah i literally lost brain cells hearing him say shit like that
He also thought the snowball earth was the ice age (well, the most well known ice age, not the countless others that came before it)
this guy really thought the dinosaurs lived without the moon💀
Love watching you think about these concepts and thinking ab them myself. Throwing in these type of things is fun
I always think the reason people kill for religion is twofold. 1. Fear for their religion being wrong. 2. Control. The rulers of the religion don't want anyone else telling their people how to think.
Don, not to be mean but... if you think all humans looked like us (200,000 years ago, you're being silly). Humans did evolve physically, and in recent years our brains have gotten smaller (not dumber... tho TikTok would convince me).
6:42 the giant ball that hit earth and became the moon is way older, billions of years, the meteor that killed the dinossaurs is much more recent (and a lot smaller too)
by the way, it didn't just instantly kill the dinossaurs, it changed the environment so much that the dinossaurs started dying
it took something like 100 thousand years for the extinction (which is very very fast geologicaly)
the moon formed long before the planet had life. it was a mars sized planet that hit earth, causing the entire planets solid mass to become liquid, and the moon formed from a small portion that was ejected and caught in our gravitational pull.
Common misconception about the "big bang" is that it was the beginning of everything. The problem with that thinking is you can then ask "what came before?"
A great analogy I've heard from an expert went like this:
"Asking what came before the big bang is like asking what is north of the north pole."
Gravity stretches time, so if you could make time move in reverse just to see what happens before the big bang, your relative time frame would keep stretching, and you'd never actually get there.
Wow blowing my mind but yeah dude that’s a good explanation
Wow blowing my mind but yeah dude that’s a good explanation
Wow blowing my mind but yeah dude that’s a good explanation
Wow blowing my mind but yeah dude that’s a good explanation
Wow blowing my mind but yeah dude that’s a good explanation
This video (that you watched) isn't what I expected after the last one but it was easy to get into. It did move quickly! I anticipated another space-oriented video after the last one but I appreciate how the person who put this together was able to concisely capture all of the information presented; it's also cool to have a better idea of some parts of human history I didn't know (especially India, I feel like I didn't learn a whole lot about them in school?).
I found your point about humans adapting the environment around them to be a really interesting one! I wonder if being able to process more complex information has had us evolve the environment instead of waiting for evolution to take place naturally/on its own? For instance, cheetahs aren't out there trying to build empires or invent rockets that go to space so I'd imagine their adaptation to environment tends to be on a more gradual scale than ours.
I also wanted to comment briefly about you mentioning wars over religion: as I've gotten older, I've begun to hold the view that wars like that are usually about more than religion. Some reasons could include acquiring resources or even a desire for power (some folks seem to be especially into that); these aren't the only two reasons but it's what my mind can recall off the cuff. A lot of what I was taught about history growing up now feels like a righteous but not wholly honest telling of the world. An instance of that (which isn't religious but blew me away when I learned it) was about the use of m*thamphetamines in the Second World War. Politics aside, I didn't know it had been around that long or used militarily like that. I had a similar experience reading Viktor Frankl's book about that time (Man's Search for Meaning) and having to admit a portion of the victims adapted to the circumstances by becoming cruel themselves. I get it's not a pleasant truth but I felt more at peace with it, even though it was initially surprising. This hasn't diminished the positive in humanity for me; it's painted a picture I think is more honest for admitting the reality of the dark side with the same validity as I do for the light. (But I'm the sort of person who prefers the truth to a comforting lie - the latter has tended to make me feel dissatisfied rather than comforted.) ... All this to say that I think sometimes the topic of religion may have overshadowed a few of the other central issues at play in various historical wars. Anyway, thanks for another fun video!
Lmao, the way he didn’t hear (and slaves)🤣 «oh nice!» got me😂😂
I think my favorite random science trivia is that time travel(to the future) is actually real. And Albert Einstein predicted it over a hundred years ago.
might be a bit of a stretch calling it time travel, but his theories of special and general relativity included the idea that gravity is not a tethering force between objects, but rather a consequence of the curvature of space-time( which are actually the same thing and not two separate concepts) in close proximity to objects of incredible mass.
the most accessible demonstration of this concept, at least where the explanation of "gravity" is concerned, is covering a round empty container with a piece of stretchy fabric. If you place a heavy object in the center, like a large steel bearing ball, the fabric becomes distorted into a funnel-like shape by its mass, which causes other less massive objects sitting on the fabric to roll towards the middle. Now imagine that instead of only space, the fabric also represents time. the closer to the object of incredible mass, and the greater the mass of the object, the more spacetime becomes stretched and distorted.
all of this is to say that if you could leave earth and go take a lap around a celestial body of incredible mass, such as a bigger sun, or a black hole, or even a supermassive black hole (there's one at the center of every galaxy) you would experience time differently than those who remained on earth. specifically time would move more slowly for you. You would not be able to perceive this difference whatsoever, but when you returned to earth, time would have advanced significantly faster.
This concept is called 'time dilation' and it isn't a theory or a hypothesis, it's a proven fact. Scientists took two identical timepieces and synced them as perfectly as possible. They kept one on earth, and sent the other up to the international space station for a period of time. Eventually when they brought it back to earth, the clocks were no longer in sync. The one that went to the space station was faster by a predictable and measurable amount. It was a very small amount, but it still serves as tangible evidence. (it was further away from earth's center of mass and as such, experienced less time dilation than the one on earth)
so yeah, if you accept a couple of limitations, time travel to the future is a real possibility. The obstacle right now is space travel and all the compound problems associated with that.
Humans have developed physically in some regions where they fish in the sea. We can say they almost breathe underwater, because they can spend time more than the average time. We can adapt only when we put ourselves into the habitat.
OMG, I recommended this for you on the comments of "The Universe Is WAY BIGGER Than You Think!" video. You are amazing, glad you liked it.
I second this. But with a warning. It might actual mess you up mentally one you really start to think about how fucking huge things are. And how nothing we are.
@@lyrebirb83 He already reacted to it, the op was just saying that they were one of the ones that recommended this video, on that reaction
@@Orion_44 oh I'm illiterate my b.
I like how you don't know anything, but really really want to understand everything.
It makes me smile
About the adapting: we humans don‘t need the little toe of our feet anymore. A long time ago we needed it when we walked on all 4 to balance better.
But now the little toe is just useless. Literally. Its very possible that in the future we‘ll evolve to 8 toes on our feet
Well, I don't know how possible that is given that there's no evolutionary pressure for that. It's not like people with 10 toes are gonna be less likely to reproduce or something.
@@cynister7384 good point! but why should the human body keep something thats unnecessary?
@@Luquiyoutube Because we're not breeding it out.
The genius of him talking fast in the start, and then the silence making you think it paused
i like that tons of people confuse the snowball earth for the ice age at the start of the video
Tot be fair, the earth had had multiple ice ages. We're actually still in one now. An ice age is defined by the presence of ice at the poles. Currently we are in what is called an interglacial period, that's where the ice has receded to just the poles.
My theory is that people think that during “the” ice age the entire earth was covered in ice
Basically, different genes and mutations create variations in different parts that are slightly better for surviving than others. Slowly these genes become the norm as they get passed down. And this keeps happening until all of the mutations keep changing a certain part of the body to the point where it becomes an entire organ. And some mutations might have bigger changes than others.
The thing is animals have been around wayyyy longer than us so we haven't evolved much in recent history. Like as the video pits it, it took the fish 5 million years to be able to walk on land. Think about how long that actually is for a sec and it makes more sense
I love this channel I'm glad I found it
I'm still relatively new to reaction content but I am the BIGGEST Bill Wurtz fan and I really like your style. You should check out Bill's music sometime! "I'm Scared" is probably one of my favs. Glad to be subbed!
Evolving to have half flipper legs took fish Millions of years...
Humans have been around for a couple hundred... thousand years.
We have Evolved... To fight diseases and literally just having ancestry mixed from different parts of the world itself is evolution in progress.
Maybe you can react to VSauce :) If you want educational and scientific content, he is great! Nice video btw. This one and the Smash Bros Brawl caught me off guard but were dope hahaha
Theres no way this man said that the reason fish could go on land was because THE SUN moved back at 4:25
Monkey brain
that made me laugh the shit out of me like i just imagine the sun saying "o right, sorry"
I think he was referring to why the sun was no longer a "deadly lazer", not to the fish
@@tywinderbaum5283 yes we know that's what he meet, and their point was "did this man really just say the sun moved back".
The question at the start is basically the biggest question in science, the universe is currently expanding but one theory is that eventually it will start shrinking again into a tiny space until another big bang happens and everything restarts, so theoretically there’s infinite big bangs spanning back forever
humans are actually incredible at adapting not only because of our intelligence but also because our DNA actually changes to fit your environment, these would only be small changes and take time to make an effect but its the reason we can live in such diverse places. i also want to say that human civilization only goes back 100 thousand years but it takes millions of years to evolve, not to mention the fact that there used to be other species of humans such as the neanderthals and many others some of with had some form of civilization with jewelry and graves.
if you want to see a bit of evolution over the course of our civilization, the average body temperature has dropped in the pass few decades, and looking at our early history we can see that we have gotten taller and our brains have gotten smaller. even though our brains have gotten smaller this doesn't impact our intelligence but rather our ability to process sensory input, this is because it is much easier to survive in modern civilization so we dont need to be able to detect predators from far away anymore.
this is just my understanding so its probably not that accurate, so you should look into this yourself if you want to know more.
Most people would say believing in a higher power/entity in a non-religious way would be agnostic.
Some people call it cop-out atheism, and that's fine too.
Basically, if there's no god, you win the "I told you so" contest and if there is a god, you still win.
5:00 nah, what happened was
Evolution: I’m giving you some fucking legs, deal with it.
Animal: but these are useless
Evolution: find something to do with them, I give out shit randomly
6:33
Bro wtf are you talking about? If the asteroid was that big and hit so recently, none of us would be alive today💀
humans are still evolving we’re just such a new species we haven’t changed much
Even in fairly recent history, humans have evolved considerably. 10,000 years ago (which is indeed fairly recent on an evolutionary time scale) most humans were just over four feet tall, with women and med generally the same height and our skeletons were much more similar. With the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry, we began to gradually mature faster and grown larger. Those with increasing mental capacity (bigger brains) became more successful and gradually dominated, while women with wider hips had an easier time with childbirth and passed this trait on to their daughters. Taller men with more upper-body strength and 'tunnel vision' were more successful in hunting and combat; women with more lower-body strength and better at multitasking were more successful at child-rearing and social nuance. Men's spatial cognition and ability to track movement made them better hunters; women's enhanced color perception and sense of smell made them better foragers.
You can see evidence of this throughout the world. In western societies, with access to better food and medical care, women are generally around 5'7" and men are generally over 6' tall; in eastern societies, with lesser access to food and medical care, men and women are both generally shorter than 5'5". (As of around 1800; things have improved considerably in the past two centuries but you can still see this influence; South Koreans are typically a few inches taller than North Koreans, etc.) Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis, our ancestor from roughly 3.1 million years ago) was roughly around 3'6" tall - we only gained half a foot in height over 3 million years, then gained nearly two feet in height in the next 10,000 years.
That wasn't the ice age he was talking about when the world was frozen, there was no life on land by that point lmao. Ice age came way later on.
About the Big Bang: it's not so much that a "bang" started the universe, but that "the universe" including all of space and time as well as matter and energy, used to exist as a tiny point, and then it started getting bigger. The reason it did this is not known, but there's no reason to assume there was an outside force or cause. It's just what the universe appears to have done.
My guy really said "The Hashirama bomb"
space dust never gets old 💀💀💀
If you want to learn more about evolution, I'd recommend the youtuber Forrest Valkai, might be some interesting reactions there!
From chance mutations, lungs developed in some fish, and for those living in shallow water it was an advantage as they could then breathe air if the water was too low or they needed to move to a different pool. Gradually they spent more and more time out of the water. The mutations happen first, and then if they're handy, the creature finds new uses for them and those mutations get more pronounced. It's like today, you still have Lung Fish, who are in that transitional stage.
6:44 he forgot that without the moon theres no waves and without waves theres no beaches
Great reaction bro, loved you in The Wire btw.
That's the misconception. Evolution doesn't choose anything. Evolution evolves in every direction. Minor changes over time that add up to big changes. And only the adaptations that work survive
Didn't kill each other over religion. Killed each other over power.
21:53 that's not how it went. It's just short summary.
And for the most part Gandhi didn't do shit.
There were alot of freedom fighters who died and helped India get freedom
Yeah. Everyone gives Gandhi credit for absolutely nothing. He didn't do shit. The other revolutionaries were putting a lot more effort and the World War 2 help us get the Britishers out
About the fish that got onto land (tiktaakik), the evolution does not work with an intention. Rather, the adaptations needed for land evolved under other pressures, like the presence of legs, which primarily probably evolved as a response to the need of proper locomotion in shallow/planted aquatic habitats. The way it works is, in resume, fish that has those muscular stumps can move better and catch more prey than others in it's environment, fish with neck can turn the head and catch more prey too, so these characteristics have a higher chance of survival and reproduction. Turns out that these characteristics are also advantageous for walking in land, and fish that managed to do that had access to more resources (bugs), thus being more likely to reproduce, and pass on. During this time, many mutations occur, but only the favorable ones were allowed to survive, reproduce, and fossilize. Ofc it's more complex than that but this is a TH-cam comment so I recommend giving a deeper look into how it works sometime, if you got interest..
Also, the fun part is that we predicted where Tiktaakik would be, based on other fossils, and found it exactly where it was calculated. We got some real precise shit on evolution nowadays xD
Damn I can't believe Hashirama did that to Japan, maybe Madara was right
13:20 That's called agnosticism. There are a few ways to define it, but one is to acknowledge the existence a higher power without specifying who or what it is, on the concept that such a power might be unknowable or too complex for us to understand. People are more comfortable with what's familiar to them, and so when thinking about whatever it is that is responsible for - or at least in charge of - all existence, we like to make it something familiar, like ourselves, animals we know, or even something we made. Hence why most gods you see in the world's religions are at least somewhat like us. 13:26 That's called zealotry and fanaticism, some people take their belief so seriously that anyone who believes otherwise is wrong and needs to at least be taught what to believe, or at worst be killed. "God's will" is also a great motivation for war in general. Convincing people that they have the approval, or even the encouragement and support of a divine power can make them much more confident in risking their lives for whatever cause you're fighting for.
People probably haven't changed that much due to the fact that we have existed for like 2 seconds lmao
“Humans used to just walk everywhere.”
Brother what
They did, humans in the hunter gatherer stage of their time roamed everywhere by walking
@ ….I know. My comment was pointing out the insanity of someone just realizing for the first time that humans were limited to their own legs.
5:30 This is because we've only been around for 200,000 years, evolution takes at least a few million years
The educational system just failed this poor man. Yeah, sure, the moon is only 66 million years old
ice age was later (~2 million years ago) snow ball earth was before the Cambrian explosion (650 million years ago)
the meteorite that killed the dinosaur and the moon are also million years apart (the moon formed 4.51 billion years ago) non-avian* dinosaur died (approximately 66 million years ago)(*avian means bird so all birds are dinosaur)
a decently popular theory is the big crunch as origin/ end. meaning that the big bang was a restart point and before the big bang their was just another universe and at the end everything will collide/ implode than explode in a new big bang making time a Cyclic thing.
For the universe any Kurtzagt videos on the Fermi paradox would be fun 👀
only problem is they really don't like reaction vids, likely would be patreon only
Kurzgesagt has some really cool videos on the universe. Like the dark forest theory or their video about populations Mars.
The universe began, scientists believe, with every speck of its energy jammed into a very tiny point. This extremely dense point exploded with unimaginable force, creating matter and propelling it outward to make the billions of galaxies of our vast universe. Astrophysicists dubbed this titanic explosion the Big Bang.
you can see the cogs turning in don head😂
13:23 so people killed each other over religion because governments (and society) used it as a way to become homogenous. At the time religion was one of the biggest organizing factors in a society to keep everyone together. If a new one is introduced it threatens to destabilize belief systems held by the government and societal norms, so those ideas were to be crushed to retain order.
people are still killed over religious faf to this day, it's honestly ridiculous. human beings have the capacity to be so brilliant but also so incredibly stupid. sometimes even within the same person.
I want to see you react to melodysheep. He's videos are amazing ! They might be a bit long but I think you would love it.
Absolutely! Those videos are actual masterpieces!
Yesss melodysheep is GOATED
I think humans haven't changed or evolved yet because we just haven't had the time to. Drastic evolutions usually take millions of years to happen, and relative to the world we just haven't been around for that long.
Brother really talking about Britain being extra when America is the only country in the WORLD not using the metric system💀💀💀
Wait, did Liberia and Myanmar finally convert?
Wait till you find out why we use the system dumbass
4:05 Hate to burst your bubble, but those few events were called snowball earths, hens why he used the term snowball. We are currently in an ice age as we have polar ice caps, however they are melting due to the fact we are entering a warming period of the earths cycle and climate change is speeding up the process.
I swear, the british are the americans of europe. Like how can you not know most of this stuff?
History oversimplified are some great videos for reactions.
Also highly recommend the video "The fallen of WW2. Depressing, but it's to pay respect to those who died.
People didn't kill each other for religion. That was just the pretext. People killed each others for control and resources, as they always do.
Religion, no matter if you actually believe them or not, are an incredibly powerful tool to control populations. most ruler knew and understood that, and so, took step so THEIR religion would prevail.
and it still happens to this day that those who have power use religion as a part of their power arsenal.
5:50 the theory of evolution is that groups of animals developed certain beneficial mutations which helped them to survive. Imagine, there was one species looking for food. Some of them were actively hunting while others decided that it's easier to take away someone else's prey. Over time they'd start drifting apart because they found their niche and adapted to become dominant in that niche. The one group would start showing signs of increased speed and durability while the others become bulkier with stronger jaws to break bones. And millions of years later you find animals that resemble wolves and hyenas (not actual biology in that last sentence).
You might want to react to the TierZoo channel, they explain evolution as if it was some sort of MMORPG game
One of the best videos to watch reactions to. Finally.
5:30 Fish species with larger fins than others happens to find food source on land but close to water, gives it an advantage over fish with smaller fins. Since it requires being in open air, fish of that species with mutations that make them SLIGHTLY able to absorb oxygen from air just like from water (Absorbing oxygen from air is actually VERY similar to absorbing it from water, in the grand scheme of things, thought it's a bit harder to go the other way around, hence whales still needing air ages after going back into the ocean) are more likely to survive, and that trait slowly grows stronger, and the organs responsible slowly begin to change. Over time, their eggs begin to change as well, adapting to shallower and shallower water, until they don't need external water to survive. Fins get more and more adapted to land, gills slowly become proto-lungs, then lungs, scales change function, eyes adapt to different wavelengths of light, and they find ANOTHER adaptation more likely to make them survive. Life is a constant arms race, the only rule is procreate more than you die.
Also, humans have adapted a lot physically in the past centuries, comparatively. It's just that a lot of the catalysts that caused those changes are uh.....very hard to talk about, considering they involved groups of people and their relatives. One big one is America from 1776 to 1865.
I have seen many peoples with scientific education react to this video... but it's the first time I see someone who clearly dropped school before first grade. OGM it was hillarious XD
What you started saying at 4:40 made me realize how hard it is to explain evolution sometimes. It can be hard to wrap your head around, especially for those that are less open minded.
Thank you for asking the evolution question I’ve always been too afraid to ask.
13:23 Even weirder is that Jews, Christians and Muslims believe in the same god (Allah just means god, point is there is only one, not multiple weird ones). Quran even acknowledges Christ as the previous prophet. Problem is that religion can be an amazing weapon to use people by the power hungry. There are also people with extremist tendencies (not just religious ones) in any group. Radical group's biggest enemy is a very similar radical group with slightly different opinion.
13:36 FYI the 3 religions of christianity, judaism and islam have the same god.
It's just a question of different interpretations of scriptures, prophets and stories.
They killed and (still kill lel) each other because they believe that any interpretation other than their own is a sin. And because of old war grudges too.
Regarding your first question about the beginning of the big bang. We don't really have a definite answer, but some good theories.
A few of these are,
The idea of all the universal mass was focused into a singularity, and exploded into the universe, and over time will collapse due to gravity back into a singularity, restarting the cycle. (Although this could be disproven due to the universe constantly expanding).
Another is that our 3-Dimemsional reality exists with the singularity of a black hole that formed in a higher 4th Dimension, explaining why we can't travel into them, as for us, we would not survive in a 2-Dimensional universe.
Another is that the observable universe as we know it is the result of an explosion of an incomprehensibly large Star-like object. Think how stars today explode, emit particles which form structures, and eventually a new solar system or black hole, etc.
Unfortunately all these answers are paradoxical in nature, but that's something you have to realise might be an inherent feature of our universes existence.
Theory 4: a conscious entity initiated the big bang.
" the thing that hit the Dinosaur became the moon" BROO WHAAAAAAAAAT?????????? That has to be the most American thing ever ever heard in my life. Like how tf would they even live.
the leading theory for the big bang explosion is that at a certain point in time, all of the matter in the universe was packed into a space smaller than an an - day marble. Then, all of this suddenly pushed outwards, creating the universe
I think with humans and evolution, we simply haven't existed long enough.
certified top viewed don townsend video
“Hashirama bomb” 😭 😭
This was such a treat 😁
You should watch one of those videos about planets outside of our solar system and how horrific they theorize them to be lol
we acutally are adapting infront of our eyes right now. some people are losing a tendon in their arms (it doesnt really matter that much)
11:52
Video: "...selling a lot of gold... and slaves"
Don: "Oh nice!"
XD
“Selling lots of Gold… and slaves”
Don: oh nice!
prior to colonization, India was one of the strongest economies in the world. They were called the jewel of the empire due to the wealth stolen to fund their nation.