When it pertains to "Primary/Supporting", according to the FAA's definition of "Straight and Level" flight, ALT is Primary and VSI is Supporting, not the reverse as mentioned in the video. For new instrument applicants who wish to successfully pass the oral and practical, understanding the FAA's version is important. After you've been in the soup for a while as an experienced weather-pilot, your own customized scan will have been developed. For now, stick to ALT Primary and VSI Secondary for "Straight and Level" flight. Reference: FAA Instrument Flying Handbook (AC 61-27C). #Aviation #IFR
From the FAA's "Instrument Flying Handbook", page 7-4: "To maintain level flight, use the VSI in conjunction with the altimeter and attitude indicator." The VSI is more sensitive than the altimeter and will indicate small altitude (pitch) changes before they are reflected on the altimeter. I am always pointing at the VSI with students; it is an early indicator of what is about to happen on the altimeter.
Garry Wing Love the video, I go off of Skyyguyy's mention of the FAA definition, and for me I have noticed I can catch the changes quickly by watching the ALT and then give more attention to the VSI when intentionally establishing a constant rate climb. Still a great training video to refresh early students.
+Garry Wing Thanks for the video, IFH on pg. 7-10 shows in Figure 7-22 (Straight and Level) that the Altimeter is Primary for pitch, VSI is supporting pitch.
+Kevin Morisette Yeah, you should probably memorize that for the written; the reality is the VSI will show a change in altitude before the Altimeter. In the real world, you will want to use the VSI to detect pitch changes in S/L; if you wait to see altitude changes on the Altimeter, you're already behind the airplane...
Little saying, taped to the panel in the plane which I learned to fly said: Watch thy airspeed, altitude, and gas, Lest the ground come up and smite thy ass! That was step one in not fixating on one instrument.
Agree. Trust your instruments............... and validating that the instrument is functioning correctly (IE. Suction for engine driven vacuum pump - DG, HI. Pitot Static System for ASI, ALTIMETER, VSI, ....).
Thank you for that mention of two-fingers on the control column. I was trained that way back in the '60's and I cannot comprehend anyone using a two-handed gorilla grip on the column -- or fully one-handed for that matter. Easy does it !
Jeez I remember my CFI teaching me this during hood instrument training. It taught me a valuable lesson when he had me look down then he disoriented me by making plane do all kinds of things, then told me to use the instruments to put the plane in straight and level flight. After I did what he asked and told him we were in straight and level flight, he then told me to remove the hood and look up. I was shocked to see that we were in a decent to the ground. A lesson learned I assure you. This is a valuable lesson even for VFR pilots.
Nice review of instruments for someone who knows nothing but interested in understanding what they tell you. The only thing confusing at first was the wing plane or bank is opposite of horizon. Whichever side of the horizon is angling down would be the same turn or bank direction to level off. Thanks
Nice job of reviewing the six pack Garry. This is the most instructive IFR training video I've seen on TH-cam. Most don't bother to explain the instrument functions and how to use them. Please produce a video on the procedures for a VFR pilot to keep the aircraft straight and level and then reverse course out of the IFR conditions. Thank you.
Lynn Grantham Good idea, Lynn. Did that yesterday w/ 2 different students. The 180-degree/60-second std. rate turn out of a cloud is the most important takeaway from that 3.0 hrs. of hood time for PPL students, IMHO....
Lynn Grantham I'll look at that; may be time to produce an updated version. Interestingly, I was reading in *Aerodynamics For Naval Aviators* book the procedure for resolving a bounce/PIO on landing. First step: "let go of the controls". No good can come from pilot inputs on the controls!!! Ha!
Garry Wing I can understand the 1957 procedure for the VFR Pilot escape from IFR to avoid the yoke to reduce errant inputs. But, on a bounce? I think I want hands on and, a little bit of power to smooth out the ballooning if there's enough runway. That was my intuitive response I had to one years ago. I'm not an active pilot now. But, I enjoy good aviation videos that don't promote carelessness. I will watch for your new version of the escape.
I must be an odd ball because I took to instrument flying like a fish in water. The very first time I was under the hood I had it down. My instructor had to actually cover the gauges.
Great instructional video - very helpful for PPL students too. I'm starting on the cross country portion of my PPL training now and have learned A LOT from all of your videos. Thank you for the excellent, easy-to-understand instruction.
Gotta say I love what I do!! Maintenance Repair and Overhaul Manager for Aviation industry Instrument Indicators and Avionic Display Systems. Great tutorial on instrument needs be it a small Cessna and Helicopter aircraft to Commercial Airliners. Always in correlation with the Avionics Display capabilities.
Your videos are very helpful. The best I've found. Just started my Private Pilot training (Piper Warrior). Thanks. Edit: Man, I cannot believe that it's been over 6 years since I posted that comment. Anyway, I've earned my Private Pilot Certificate and enjoy flying now very much. Thanks for everything Mr Wing.
I'm CFI in Philippines, your explanation is really crisp clear. I never knew VSI responds faster than ALT from S&L to climb or deacend. So the lag occurs only when leveling off from climb or descend?
Not any way near to IR am only on lesson 5 of my PPL but I can use these tips in my VFR flying......especially when doing climb/descend on heading and selective speeds......great!!!!
Thanks a lot, Sir. I always thought that the artificial horizon was the No. 1 instrument to check. After watching your video I understood that things are quite different. One needs to grab information from all of them together. You have convinced me that I really need to get my IFR rating as soon as possible. Thanks a lot.
+Dimas Filho i pushed it decades ago when i had the chance to get some hours since I had an instructor • the ↑one↑ thing he did not do is «grab information» & there was a total change as to how the machine was flown - for what was a 20 second recovery he flies like it is going to be an hour doing an instrument-scan with patience i thought to be excessive
Thanks so much for generously sharing your knowledge and experience. No doubt in six years since you've made this video you've helped many students and even given the odd pilot or two something to think about. Here's a dipped wing in your direction to salute you.
Garry, Thanks for this and other clear, helpful videos you've made - they're great! I'm particularly fond of shots surrounding Gillespie Field as I'm from the area (GHS '69) but been in Oregon for 40 years I see there's no new videos for a year or so - checking that all's well? Thanks again.
VSI PRIMARY for pitch in Straight and Level goes against FAA Instrument Flying Handbook. According to the Handbook the Altimeter is primary and VSI is supporting (page 7-10 or 171). Could this lead to chasing the VSI? Perhaps there is another rational. I am always open to new ideas. No offense. Your videos are great and thanks for sharing.
Yes, be sure to memorize *"Altimeter, primary for S/L pitch"* for the knowledge & practical tests. However, I teach a more "real-world" approach to Attitude Instrument flying, in which you'll see altitude (pitch) deviations on the VSI before you will on the Altimeter (a 100-FPM pitch-up will take *12-seconds* to register as a 20' altitude gain on the altimeter). VSI is not req'd equipment, hence they don't cite it as 'primary'. Look on page 6-5 of IFH: _"If the (VSI) needle moves about zero, the pitch attitude must be adjusted downward to stop the climb and return to level flight."_
You are arguably one of the best at showing the pleasure of and what makes flying a skill. I enjoy your videos especially due to their professional quality. Your diction is clear and understood without struggle for a hearing challenged person, such as myself, and the editing seems intentional to assure both maintaining the interest of the viewer and receiving the desired visual input. Thanks for the hard work. Are you sailplane or glider qualified and do you ever fly as such? I just subscribed and need to dig through the past so if there is already a video I digress.
Early in the morning, during periods of stable, high pressure conditions, far away from terrain or water; perhaps those flatland areas depicted in FAA handbooks...?
Yes it is DC; that's why I _say that_ with a caption at 3:33. (If I didn't indicate the HI was vacuum powered, then I'd get comments from people eager to show their knowledge telling my a 172 is not DC powered.... uggh!) Remember, those DC instruments (like this HSI & Turn Coordinator) will indicate that on the face ("DC", etc.), so no reason to guess or think about it!
I'm one of those desk chair pilots who only has experience in simulators and it's interesting to see what I did write instinctively without instructor and what I may have gotten wrong :) thank you!
Just wondering on a real time flying, do you compensate for the curvature of the earth because as the sea is levelled comprising the effect of altimeter to maintaining the height above the ground or up above sea level does that mean an airplane flies over a zero curvature?
You compensate for the curvature of the earth in a light airplane the same way you do when driving a car; which is not at all. It tends to be a non-factor at speeds below Mach-2.
Garry Wing your patience and my apology, would that means each time you flies curvature of the earth is visible? If we are going to map on a cross sectional earth while the airplane is flying above ground or sea level recorded from the altimeter reading of point of origin and all the way to the point of destinitation, is there a way to compensate the curvature?
Heading (30 degrees) has nothing to do with what radial the HSI is displaying; they don't need to coincide or even relate to each other. I'm merely demonstrating how to turn the airplane to 30-degrees, which has nothing to do with GPS/VOR radial (the yellow indicator on HSI).
You maintain your aircraft's ATTITUDE by reference to INSTRUMENTS, rather than visually referring to the HORIZON, which you can no longer see. It refers to the airplane's attitude; not the pilot's (or instructor's) :)
Who else here is old enough to get the GI Joe Kung Fu Grip reference? Mine had its fingers break off in the first few months of having it. Shite idea for a toy really.
When it pertains to "Primary/Supporting", according to the FAA's definition of "Straight and Level" flight, ALT is Primary and VSI is Supporting, not the reverse as mentioned in the video.
For new instrument applicants who wish to successfully pass the oral and practical, understanding the FAA's version is important.
After you've been in the soup for a while as an experienced weather-pilot, your own customized scan will have been developed.
For now, stick to ALT Primary and VSI Secondary for "Straight and Level" flight.
Reference: FAA Instrument Flying Handbook (AC 61-27C).
#Aviation #IFR
From the FAA's "Instrument Flying Handbook", page 7-4: "To maintain level flight, use the VSI in conjunction with the altimeter and attitude indicator." The VSI is more sensitive than the altimeter and will indicate small altitude (pitch) changes before they are reflected on the altimeter. I am always pointing at the VSI with students; it is an early indicator of what is about to happen on the altimeter.
Garry Wing Love the video, I go off of Skyyguyy's mention of the FAA definition, and for me I have noticed I can catch the changes quickly by watching the ALT and then give more attention to the VSI when intentionally establishing a constant rate climb. Still a great training video to refresh early students.
+Garry Wing Thanks for the video, IFH on pg. 7-10 shows in Figure 7-22 (Straight and Level) that the Altimeter is Primary for pitch, VSI is supporting pitch.
+Kevin Morisette Yeah, you should probably memorize that for the written; the reality is the VSI will show a change in altitude before the Altimeter. In the real world, you will want to use the VSI to detect pitch changes in S/L; if you wait to see altitude changes on the Altimeter, you're already behind the airplane...
Is the VSI a required instrument for IFR flight?
Little saying, taped to the panel in the plane which I learned to fly said:
Watch thy airspeed, altitude, and gas,
Lest the ground come up and smite thy ass!
That was step one in not fixating on one instrument.
"ignore what senses telling you" is the most difficult part :)
Agree. Trust your instruments............... and validating that the instrument is functioning correctly (IE. Suction for engine driven vacuum pump - DG, HI. Pitot Static System for ASI, ALTIMETER, VSI, ....).
Thank you for that mention of two-fingers on the control column. I was trained that way back in the '60's and I cannot comprehend anyone using a two-handed gorilla grip on the column -- or fully one-handed for that matter. Easy does it !
Jeez I remember my CFI teaching me this during hood instrument training. It taught me a valuable lesson when he had me look down then he disoriented me by making plane do all kinds of things, then told me to use the instruments to put the plane in straight and level flight. After I did what he asked and told him we were in straight and level flight, he then told me to remove the hood and look up. I was shocked to see that we were in a decent to the ground. A lesson learned I assure you. This is a valuable lesson even for VFR pilots.
Nice review of instruments for someone who knows nothing but interested in understanding what they tell you. The only thing confusing at first was the wing plane or bank is opposite of horizon. Whichever side of the horizon is angling down would be the same turn or bank direction to level off. Thanks
Nice job of reviewing the six pack Garry. This is the most instructive IFR training video I've seen on TH-cam. Most don't bother to explain the instrument functions and how to use them. Please produce a video on the procedures for a VFR pilot to keep the aircraft straight and level and then reverse course out of the IFR conditions. Thank you.
Lynn Grantham Good idea, Lynn. Did that yesterday w/ 2 different students. The 180-degree/60-second std. rate turn out of a cloud is the most important takeaway from that 3.0 hrs. of hood time for PPL students, IMHO....
Lynn Grantham I'll look at that; may be time to produce an updated version. Interestingly, I was reading in *Aerodynamics For Naval Aviators* book the procedure for resolving a bounce/PIO on landing. First step: "let go of the controls". No good can come from pilot inputs on the controls!!! Ha!
Garry Wing I can understand the 1957 procedure for the VFR Pilot escape from IFR to avoid the yoke to reduce errant inputs. But, on a bounce? I think I want hands on and, a little bit of power to smooth out the ballooning if there's enough runway. That was my intuitive response I had to one years ago. I'm not an active pilot now. But, I enjoy good aviation videos that don't promote carelessness. I will watch for your new version of the escape.
I Just Found This Video As It Showed Up In The Recommended Queue. Easy To Understand & Thanks For Sharing. I Wish I Had You For An Instructor . . .
Thnx..Garry , i'm finishing up on my VRF, and watched sim, many times, has really helped me, and look for to my IFR.
Thank You so much for this video!! Doing my IFR training right know and at first it can be a little tricky haha, but I'm liking it!
I must be an odd ball because I took to instrument flying like a fish in water. The very first time I was under the hood I had it down. My instructor had to actually cover the gauges.
@@texastreetop2989 Good for you!
Great instructional video - very helpful for PPL students too. I'm starting on the cross country portion of my PPL training now and have learned A LOT from all of your videos. Thank you for the excellent, easy-to-understand instruction.
As a CFI/CFII/MEI/AGI...This is a great refresher! Thank you for the upload!! :)
thank you very much for this video explained on a real airplane.
Gotta say I love what I do!! Maintenance Repair and Overhaul Manager for Aviation industry Instrument Indicators and Avionic Display Systems. Great tutorial on instrument needs be it a small Cessna and Helicopter aircraft to Commercial Airliners. Always in correlation with the Avionics Display capabilities.
Your videos are very helpful. The best I've found. Just started my Private Pilot training (Piper Warrior). Thanks. Edit: Man, I cannot believe that it's been over 6 years since I posted that comment. Anyway, I've earned my Private Pilot Certificate and enjoy flying now very much. Thanks for everything Mr Wing.
I'm CFI in Philippines, your explanation is really crisp clear. I never knew VSI responds faster than ALT from S&L to climb or deacend. So the lag occurs only when leveling off from climb or descend?
Great job on the six pick
Not any way near to IR am only on lesson 5 of my PPL but I can use these tips in my VFR flying......especially when doing climb/descend on heading and selective speeds......great!!!!
Thanks a lot, Sir. I always thought that the artificial horizon was the No. 1 instrument to check. After watching your video I understood that things are quite different. One needs to grab information from all of them together. You have convinced me that I really need to get my IFR rating as soon as possible. Thanks a lot.
+Dimas Filho i pushed it decades ago when i had the chance to get some hours since I had an instructor • the ↑one↑ thing he did not do is «grab information» & there was a total change as to how the machine was flown - for what was a 20 second recovery he flies like it is going to be an hour doing an instrument-scan with patience i thought to be excessive
Thanks so much for generously sharing your knowledge and experience. No doubt in six years since you've made this video you've helped many students and even given the odd pilot or two something to think about. Here's a dipped wing in your direction to salute you.
Great introduction to the topic! Thank you!
Outstanding...what an amazing, clear explanation. I have been struggling with understanding primary / secondary and this made it clear!
Nice work in this video. Especially the discussion of primary instruments, which can be confusing.
I have learned more in this video than any others I have seen. Thank you very much.
Great video. I received my private at MYF about a hundred years ago. Best Mexican restaurant at any airport in the world.
Im interested in eventually going for my private pilot license, and ive been watching your videos. Very informative
Great video Gary. Very informative and easy to understand. I started my IFR last year but had to postpone. I hope to get started again soon.
Very good demo
Nice and concise. Just about to reinstate my cfii after quite a few years. Thanks.
great, the yellow line and step marks on compass ?
Nice.... Appreciated
you're an excellent pilot with a great sense of humor!
Thank for you for your teaching i want to be a pilot,
What would be an average rate for an instrument instructor in a Bonanza with a throw over yoke?
Really liked this video about to start instrument training this was helpful!
Very easy to follow your instruction. Thanks for posting!
Garry, Thanks for this and other clear, helpful videos you've made - they're great! I'm particularly fond of shots surrounding Gillespie Field as I'm from the area (GHS '69) but been in Oregon for 40 years I see there's no new videos for a year or so - checking that all's well? Thanks again.
Curious as to why you don't mention the airspeed in the climb configuration?
Thank you 🙏❤
This was so fascinating and made so much sense!
VSI PRIMARY for pitch in Straight and Level goes against FAA Instrument Flying Handbook. According to the Handbook the Altimeter is primary and VSI is supporting (page 7-10 or 171). Could this lead to chasing the VSI? Perhaps there is another rational. I am always open to new ideas. No offense. Your videos are great and thanks for sharing.
Yes, be sure to memorize *"Altimeter, primary for S/L pitch"* for the knowledge & practical tests. However, I teach a more "real-world" approach to Attitude Instrument flying, in which you'll see altitude (pitch) deviations on the VSI before you will on the Altimeter (a 100-FPM pitch-up will take *12-seconds* to register as a 20' altitude gain on the altimeter). VSI is not req'd equipment, hence they don't cite it as 'primary'. Look on page 6-5 of IFH: _"If the (VSI) needle moves about zero, the pitch attitude must be adjusted downward to stop the climb and return to level flight."_
Can you upload a video teaching how to use the edm?
You are arguably one of the best at showing the pleasure of and what makes flying a skill. I enjoy your videos especially due to their professional quality. Your diction is clear and understood without struggle for a hearing challenged person, such as myself, and the editing seems intentional to assure both maintaining the interest of the viewer and receiving the desired visual input. Thanks for the hard work.
Are you sailplane or glider qualified and do you ever fly as such? I just subscribed and need to dig through the past so if there is already a video I digress.
Awesome video
So, where do find glassy air instead of the more realistic moderate turbulence?
Early in the morning, during periods of stable, high pressure conditions, far away from terrain or water; perhaps those flatland areas depicted in FAA handbooks...?
Thank you for the refresher sir! Great video,,
Thanks u so much
wow never knew the vsi lag didn't account for initial pitch.
Isn't that HSI an KI525? I think that's powered only by DC, not by vacuum...
Yes it is DC; that's why I _say that_ with a caption at 3:33. (If I didn't indicate the HI was vacuum powered, then I'd get comments from people eager to show their knowledge telling my a 172 is not DC powered.... uggh!) Remember, those DC instruments (like this HSI & Turn Coordinator) will indicate that on the face ("DC", etc.), so no reason to guess or think about it!
i'm no pilot, but from that video i can tell you that i am more comfortable with those gauges than i am my own senses.
Great video. Thank you!
Do you see the mountains in front of you?!
Primary Instrument = What you are trying to "maintain".
Awesome, detailed and right on!
All pilots should be required to learn instruments
Extremely informative, excellent video, keep 'em coming!
I'm one of those desk chair pilots who only has experience in simulators and it's interesting to see what I did write instinctively without instructor and what I may have gotten wrong :)
thank you!
Great explanations!!
Just wondering on a real time flying, do you compensate for the curvature of the earth because as the sea is levelled comprising the effect of altimeter to maintaining the height above the ground or up above sea level does that mean an airplane flies over a zero curvature?
You compensate for the curvature of the earth in a light airplane the same way you do when driving a car; which is not at all. It tends to be a non-factor at speeds below Mach-2.
Garry Wing your patience and my apology, would that means each time you flies curvature of the earth is visible?
If we are going to map on a cross sectional earth while the airplane is flying above ground or sea level recorded from the altimeter reading of point of origin and all the way to the point of destinitation, is there a way to compensate the curvature?
Thanks for the videos, great info.
can anyone tell me where to buy the thing support the ipad？？？
Garry can you help me？
AirGizmo mount. Try marvgolden.com And tell 'em I said hey.
Thanks for this, very helpful.
EGT 1510 on the jpi? LOP?
+Joshua Dolan No, that's TIT.
Very good video!
thank you
But the real question is: how is he intercepting the hsi course of 030 with a hdg of 300 being left of the desired radial
Heading (30 degrees) has nothing to do with what radial the HSI is displaying; they don't need to coincide or even relate to each other. I'm merely demonstrating how to turn the airplane to 30-degrees, which has nothing to do with GPS/VOR radial (the yellow indicator on HSI).
@@GarryWing The video is exellent but i just don't understand how it's possible that you are intercepting that course with that heading :P
I like it... Fly with simple... ☺️
keep it up sir
GI Kung Fu Grip ! Hah saw that few times... Good lesson allover btw ! i urgently advise watching to the end !
HELI rescue pilot. Got my PPL, CPL, CHL all check... 3k hours on PPL and almost 1k on Heli... Love the chopper ;)
Why’s it called attitude flying?
You maintain your aircraft's ATTITUDE by reference to INSTRUMENTS, rather than visually referring to the HORIZON, which you can no longer see. It refers to the airplane's attitude; not the pilot's (or instructor's) :)
I want a nice plane like that.
Um, trim for speed...yeah
Who else here is old enough to get the GI Joe Kung Fu Grip reference? Mine had its fingers break off in the first few months of having it. Shite idea for a toy really.