"no tak" means 'well yes'. "No" is informal 'yes' (not too polite version), but in some context shows hesitation for example "No nie wiem" = 'I'm not sure', "Nie wiem"='I don't know'. "Chcieć" = want, "Mieć ochotę" = want/fancy for
@@walterweiss7124 yes! Or rather, "ano" is a common word in the West Slavic languages. Moreover, "ano" itself is a shortened version from "to je ono" (lit. "that's it"), the archaic way of saying "yes". The meaning evolved slightly in Polish, and we started using "tak" (which was originally an adverb) as a simple "yes", while "ano" and "no"were relegated to other roles.
The point is that Polish "no" has nothing in common with English "no". Polish "no" may be used in place of "yes". In informal converstation. And in many other meanings 😁 As you said it may express hesitation ("no nie wiem..."), it may be kind of reinforcement ("no pewnie!", "no jasne!"). Some people say it when they search for a word ("Nooooo.......), some when somebody tells a long story to conifrm from time to time that they are listenning ("nooo.. No....") etc.etc. 🙂
@@walterweiss7124 I strongly believe that's the case, to me its an evolved form of western slavic "ano" while "tak" would have evolved from a mix of latin/baltic(Lithuanian) influences it could have been used as a common bilingual double "yes" phrase during the times we were not separated ethnically (in few centuries of PLC)
The difference between 'umiec' and 'potrafić' is very subtle and they're often treated as synonyms. I'd say that 'umieć' is knowing how to do something' while 'potrafić' is more like being able/capable of doing sth, having the required skill/ability. That's how I see it.
I would add that you "umiesz" something if you actually learned how to do it but "potrafisz" if you just have a general ability, regardless if you practiced it or not. "Umiem pływać" (I can swim) -> I learned how to do it, "Potrafię zasnąć wszędzie" (I can fall asleep anywhere) -> My body just can do that.
Mieszkam za granica I operuje innym jezykiem..teraz dopiero zaczynam zdawać sobie sprawę jak zawikłany jest jezyk polski jezeli chcemy znać go dobrze.mysle ,że po prostu tak mnie Mama i Tata nauczyli ...byli nauczycielami z zawodu jak i reszta rodziny, niemal wszyscy..wiec pomyslcie jak ie bylo moje życie ( intelektualnie )😅😅
@@annafirnen4815 "umiesz pływać" vs "potrafisz przepłynąć rzekę" - in this second case it's about particular river, not that you can swim through any river. On the other side I can imagine someone say "potrafię przeskakiwać przez płoty" - which means that he has this exceptional skill of jumping throught the fences. We could say it about the dog. In your case "Umiem zasypiać na żądanie" sounds legit as well, but for "zasnąć wszędzie" "potrafię" fits better. Now I think the difference is also about perfective (for portafić) vs imperfective verbs (for umieć).
16:25 it's not about word order but about suffixes. "Rok świni" and "świni rok" would be interpreted exactly the same (year of the pig), although first one is more common. "Świnia roku" and "roku świnia" also means the same thing (pig of the year) however the first option is more common.
In Polish adjectives normally go before nouns. However, to make a fixed phrase signifying a larger semantic cathegory, a set of particular items, we put adjective after the noun. That is why you have piękna kobieta (beautiful woman) but odzież sportowa (sportware) or żywność bezglutenowa (gluten-free food)
@@alansand1436 You seem like you know what you're talking about, however you can't say -"kobieta piękna"- , only "piękna kobieta" is correct. Yet "odzież sportowa" and "sportowa odzież" are both absolutely correct, same as "żywność bezglutenowa" and "bezglutenowa żywność".
@@geeka Technically you can say "kobieta piękna" in a situation where you categorize women by their attractiveness and make them different semantic entities (women of high attractiveness, women of average attractiveness and women of low attractiveness, for example). Which is a bizarre and fantastical concept, which would only make sense in some social fiction, but it's not gramatically incorrect.
I don't know if you've already reached this point when learning Polish, but since Polish is an inflected language, the order of our sentences is "free but not any". Therefore, you can easily say "apple cider" as in English and it won't be a mistake, at most it will sound a bit old-school to some people, or they will think that you are from the east of Poland :) Don't worry at all, unless you want to speak Polish like a native. And you would have to make mistakes anyway, because that's what 80% of Poles do. I also work at the University of Warsaw and sometimes conduct language classes for foreigners. I once asked what they remembered most from my classes. And one Italian replied: "You often repeated the sentence - >" :)
@@edwardkeats5537 I only referred to the example provided by Rob, as I understand it, it's not about the cider, but about the word order in the sentence :)
@@edwardkeats5537 yea, and then comes that thing, PEAR CIDER, because f. us ;) Quite good actually ;) Idk what makes cider cider, but that is actually name of that beverage printed on its bottle. YT cuts out links so google "lubelski cydr gruszkowy" :P
3:43 - we (the Poles) might do the same by saying "slumsy", when word "slums" is already plural, I think. The "y" at the end of words in Polish is mostly added to plural forms.
Names can often be in diminutive form and short form at the same time. It's often a two step process that's why it is not so obvious: Joanna -> Joasia -> Asia. We don't shorten Joanna -> Anna because it's a different name, but Anna -> Ania (first step only). Same with Małgorzata -> Małgosia -> Gosia.
Robert = Bob, William = Bill quite far from being just short version. Also "No" in polish is far from being "No - negative". It is like informal confirmation or strengthening word. It is almost never used in writing. It may also be used as a continuation punctuation word or when speaker needs just a second more to think about next word.
In the past in England, as well as the ones you mention, we also used to have common shortened names - Edward = Ted/Teddy, John = Jack, James = Jim/Jimmy, Catherine = Kit/Kitty, Elizabeth = Bet/Betty, Margaret = Peg/Peggy, Dorothy = Dot/Dotty.
not sure If you got the candle part? Basicaly znicz is the thing you put a candle into and put on a grave...so Yeah It's would be pretty weird to get one as a gift. Candle in polish would be świeczka or świeca
A lil tip: "do widzenia" is a bit of formal, like if you used "good bye" in full and well pronounced way. If not used in formal situation, "do widzenia" may (but don't have to) be seen as emotionally cold, and maybe even a bit rude. For non official situations many Poles will be using "do zobaczenia" (means the same, but it's more like "see you later/soon"). Both can be mixed together in "do widzenia, do zobaczenia" if someone is unsure if they can be less formal, but don't want to be too formal ;) but there are a lot of other, strictly informal terms like "nara", "narka", "siema" (that one can also be used for greeting someone, sometimes as a "bye" it can be extended to "no to siema" as well as most other mentioned options, ie. "dobra, no to nara/narka/na razie/etc." meaning sth like "okay, so bye now").
@@Filczek "Siema" doesn't actually mean "jak się masz" the way it's used, though. Same as the English "sup" ("what's up" in full) is not an invitation to even the customary "fine thank you", just a greeting - the people who use the shortened phrase don't connect it to the full one it originated from.
The word order in sentence is also what frustrates Polish when we learn English. It is completely different. e.g. we can translate Spanish literally, word for word, so it means that it is English, which acctually stands out from norm here :D
I would not worry about zlotych vs zlote. People will always understand "zloty". There are more important things to learn. However, she explaned that in general we have 2,3,4 zlote and 5,6,7,8,9, ... 21 zlotych.
Great video, Rob! I am familiar with the topic, as I'm a Pole living in London. Languages - that's my environment as I'm a writer and musician. English is sometimes tricky as well, I'll give you that, but it's beautiful!
About this beautiful lady whose video you are commenting on, it was once said among students in Poland that if her hands were cut off, she would talk half as much. This is of course a joke! (Because you also like to gesture.) 😁😁😁 Seriously, I am a 65-year-old Pole who has always been in love with the Polish language. I never claimed to have mastered the Polish language properly! Currently, I have more time to learn the secrets of this extraordinary language - maybe I will write a book about it. Regards!
I can't help but be amazed by your pronunciation! I remember in your older videos you were trying but your polish sounded very english if you know what i mean, but now it sounds spot on and natural. Very proud at the progress you've made! As a pole I'm very flattered that people are interested in our language and culture, so thank you
As for the examples of diminutive names given by the lady in the video, they are quite logical: Joanna -> Joasia -> Asia Małgorzata -> Małgosia -> Gosia and similar Krystyna -> Krysia Katarzyna ->Kasia Zofia -> Zosia Barbara - > Basia
Ja się całe życie zastanawiam czemu Aleksandra to nie Ala tylko Ola. Moim zdaniem Ola powinni być dla Oliwii i Olgi. A Ala dla Alicji, Aliny i Aleksandry. Btw Aleksandra to moje imię, stąd te dziwne rozważania.
With the words "potrafić" i "umieć" it's fairly the same story as with "can" and "may" in English. "Can I ... May I", two different words meaning approximately the same but used to express something else depending on the context. Or Much and Many would be even greater example. As for a Chip and Cracker Both are Neologisms taken from English and both refer to a single object. A plural for those would be "Chipsy" "Krakersy", unless you count the specific number of them than it's "Chipsów" "Krakresów" from 5 upwards, or if you're referring to the whole pack of them. "Hand me those chips" - "Podaj mi te Chipsy", "Hand me that pack of chips" "Podaj mi paczkę chipsów"
The book doesn't start with greetings, saying what your name is or whatever. Page 1 tells you that if a guy in a sweatshirt asks you "who you're behind" when you're walking around at night, you're not supposed to say there's no one in front of you, but strain your eyes to recognize the color of his striped scarf.
2:58 - "I know"(znam) by hearing, by sight. In "know" (wiem), it's always about information regarding the definition of a word, the location of a place, everything in fact. So "wiem" always includes "znam", but "znam" doesn't always mean "wiem". Just like every square is a rectangle, but not every rectangle is a square. I know (znam) a word, I (wiem) know what it means. I know (znam) this tree, but I don't know (nie wiem) where we are.
This is only difficult for English speaking people because "know" is a homonym in English, it has two different meanings. In German, French and Polish there are two separate words: "wissen" vs "können", "savoir" vs "connaitre" and "wiedzieć" vs "znać".
I always drove my English and Polish teachers crazy because while I knew which grammatical form to use (and sometimes even knew what they were called), I rarely knew why. it just sounded correct, so that was the correct answer. Maybe because I started watching tv shows in English, first with subtitles and later got too impatient to wait for them and got some version of learning by immersion. Too bad I'm not absorbing Japanese the same way now.
Znać - To be familiar with something personally, a person or a concept. This could also apply to roads you use. It's both your relationships and applied knowledge. Wiedzieć - Simply to know, to possess the information about something The difference is "knowing something" and "knowing about something" And of course, there is an overlap - You can "Znać" the road to get to the train station and you can "Wiedzieć" how to get there. one describes a thing (in this case, the road is that thing you know) and the other describes the knowledge itself (How to get there) I know that the art of teaching is to explain something complicated in a simple way, but I'm kinda afraid that if I dumb it down too much, people are going to say that I'm making it too simple. But, yes, in essence it's a difference in "knowing something" and "knowing about", and a beginner needn't to bog their head down with specifics such as what a descriptive concept is. Let's keep it simple for now
Also in other languages like French (connaître, savoir ), Dutch (kennen, weten) or Spanish (conozcar, saber) these two words are also different verbs, so i feel like it's more about English having one word for everything
When it comes to numerals and which form to use, there is a relatively simple algorithm to use. For each noun, you have three forms: singular/nominative ("złoty"), plural/nominative ("złote"), and plural/genitive ("złotych"). The first form is used only for a single item (1 zł = "jeden złoty"), the second form is used whenever the number ends in 2, 3, or 4, unless the second digit (if one exists) is 1. Therefore for 2, 3, 4, 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, ..., 102, 103, 104, 122, 123, 124, 222, 1234 the form would be "złote". In all other cases you say the third form ("złotych") so this applies to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26 ... 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, etc.
About the word "no", which, as you already know, Rob, means confirmation in our language - now an anecdote. Some time ago, the famous slogan "No to racism" appeared on football pitches... which in Polish literally means yes to racism.
@@Clistes no to ma troche więcej sensu bo raczej nie tłumaczysz w tego typu zdaniach słowa "no" tak dosłownie jako "tak" tylko interpretujesz jako coś w stylu właśnie no to (jest) rasizm
16:50 Polish is actually pretty easy in this case, because it has a relatively free word order. One could say “Świni Rok” and it would be correct, but “Świnia Roku” sounds funny as it has a wrong infliction and by that- a completely different meaning 😜
10:09 That is even more complex because _złoty_ is a noun that morphologically is equal to an adjective so it is inflected exactly like an adj. In theory no even a single noun in Polish has ending -y in singular, but really there is a number of such nouns, especially proper nouns, as Eustachy, Włochaty
You encouraged me to intensify my English learning... and one more thing; I knew from the beginning that you reminded me of someone, and today it dawned on me; You're like Bruce Willis...a little. I admire you for learning this difficult but dear to my heart language.
Hi! As someone who's a native Polish speaker and is currently learning Korean and Russian, please don't worry about being able to remember when to say for example złoty, złotych or złote. Native speakers intuitively know these complex rules because they have been exposed to their language their entire lives. Your brain needs to be exposed to the language is so many different context over a period of time to be able to form connections in your brain that provide you with this intuitive knowledge 😊 you're doing great! Powodzenia z nauką języka polskiego!
re syntax - due to having a case system we can shift word order almost however we want without changing the meaning. It will only impact emphasis and aesthetics.
Wpłynie to jedynie na estetykę i nacisk. Na nacisk i estetykę jedynie wpłynie to. To wpłynie jedynie na estetykę i nacisk. Jedynie na nacisk i estetykę to wpłynie... Faktycznie. To dalej ma sens... Nawet jeśli źle brzmi
The Polish word "No" is simply an emphasise of the positive, or just an emphasis of what follows. It could also be use to give the speaker some time to think while not being silent.
16:33 That's what cases are for. The noun in nominative is the most important. That in genitive is additional [genitive = the one belonging to parent(s)]. If you have such tool as cases, a word order is not that important. In Polish switching words sometimes makes an expression more harsh, not sounding so good, but still perfectly unmistakable. But be aware: there are some rare nouns (mostly loanwords) that are exactly the same in genitive as in nominative. In such cases you are lost regardless of the order. In practice the Poles use additional words like 'this' then. 'This' is fully inflected and indicates the case and the function in an expression.
I think that the difference is between "can" and "may". I can do something (physically) and I may not to (by social norms). The best example is when student asks the teacher if he CAN go to beathroom and teacher repliies that he "CAN" but "MAY NOT" to. It simply shows that while he can (physically) he may not because of culture or school norms. And that's the difference. However though "umieć" i "potrafić" has different meanings and it goes WAYYY further. "Umieć" something means you're capable of doing something. "Potrafić" something means that you're not only capable of doing something but also can use this in applicable situations when this "umijętność" fits the need of situation and you can use it accordingly. So being able to do something doesn't mean you do somethining when it's actually needed or "well used" at the moment. Or just fits a situation. While "potrafić" fits the situation well with your "umiejętność" to use it when it's actually needed. And then you "potrafisz" to use it is particular situation.
I lern English in a different way. i watch films by English and American people on topics that i know very well (eg. carpentry, blacksmithing, metallurgy and i listen to them) and i also watch English-speaking people commenting on Polish films. (i understend new words from the context) Every now and then i pauses and repeat what they said. When ever posible, i include English subtitles. Im not good, but i try. I think so many yuor fan du this
6:34 that red girl says not true. Gosia, Basia or Asia are created using the same method but additionally using consonant shift to 'ś' [eng: soft 'sh']. So you chop ending, something beginning and replace last consonant with 'ś'. Some consonant or consonant clusters (especially nasal cons.) are not compliant with such type of replacement so you add another syllable at the end; of course 'ś' with trailing 'a'. So you have Agnieszka > Aga > Agusia etc.
8:00 nope. it's like "can" in english, but for "I can play drums" and "can I go swimming?" First means I can do something, but second is question, but you don't know i can do swim
the money thing is analogous to English numerals for me. why is it the one has st, but eleven has th. two has nd, three has rd, the rest of numbers has th.
Older people like me remember a tv program about polish language it was called Ojczyzna polszczyzna - Polish (language is our) homeland by prof. Miodek and broadcasted 20 years (1987-2007). It was a 15 min. short lecture devoted to selected issues of the Polish language. He could trace every Polish grammar issue back in its evolution to the middle ages or the renaissance.
16:40 In Polish it's a bit easier with the order of words, cause when you use the correct case of the word (I know, that's the tricky part), you can even mix the words in the sentence and still it would mean the same ("świni rok" would be strange, but mean "rok świni", while the same would be for "roku świnia" and "świnia roku").
Just to let you know about the difference between " do zobaczenia" means see you really soon like same day later or next day, " do widzenia" more like not being sure when, I'll see you when , I see you " , but not "zegnaj " which means farewell, I might never see you again.
As for swapping places, it will sound unusual, but it still will be understandable if you use correct form. Świnia roku vs rok świni is competely different because of roku vs rok, less because of order.
5:52 two-syllables words are the most practical in use, especially if you plan to call someone loudly from a distance. Furthermore, most European languages are not comfortable with a voiced consonant at the end. "Sep" is way easier to say than "Seb", but it does not sound well at all.
I'd say that "znać" means to recognise, asssociate and know someone or something because one had an opportunity to meet, speak, read or come across somebody or something personally - such a combo - so, "znać" embodies a real and physical knowledge of someone of something. Wiedzieć is an abstract term that means "to have knolwedge about sth" or to know sth about sth / someone, but it is mainly indirectly gained knowledge about someone or something e.g. someone told me about something, or i read about something but never met.
"Do widzenia" is more formal than "do zobaczenia". "Do zobaczenia" is more like "see you" and "do widzenia" is like polite "goodbye" but not as strong as "żegnam" which is also goodbye but when you whant to point that you really don't want to see that person anymore.
Check this out, for Poles this is completely clear dialogue: - No nie yes tak? (isn't it so?) - No tak! (yes, it is!) Yep, I changed written "jest" to "yes", because it makes it more confusing, but of course sounds almost the same.
We also say "no nie" and it's either "oh no" curse or can be used as a surprising no. We also say "nie tak", but it doesnt mean "tak" and even "tak" doesn't mean "yes" in that case.
11:50 The problem is volume of learning material. "English" series are 6 episodes per season and finish after a few seasons(BTW why series have only one season a year - they should have 4 seasons, shouldn't they? ). "american " series had even 20-26 episodes. Introduction of streaming services lowered that number a bit , but still.
We can say goodbye ( do widzenia) anytime and to anyone. We can only say see you soon (do zobaczenia) to people with whom we are in touch or with whom we are in a very close relationship.However, we also use see you soon ( do zobaczenia) in the context when we have just made an appointment with someone or, in your case, you are finishing a podcast and you know that you will be doing another one soon. This is a form of invitation.
About the order of words - in Polish it kinda doesn't matter. As long as you use correct inflexion, the word order might make you sound weird, but still understandable. Like with the swine example - "rok świni" means "year of the pig", but "roku świnia" means "pig of the year" and now the words are in the same order, but they mean something different.
Ad names: before one asks why Aleksandra turns to Ola, they should explain why William turns to Bill, Robert turns into Bob or Margaret turns into Peggy. OP's response on that is really weird - there are "logical frames" on making diminutives, especially for some of those mentioned by her. There are just many various ways you can modify the same noun. Heck, you can stack diminutives on the same word ad infinitum. Before Małgorzata becomes Gosia it goes through Małgosia, which is a diminutive made through a common pattern (it is almost THE way to make a diminutive out of a name). So it is first a diminutive (Joanna->Joasia, Antonina->Antosia, Małgorzata->Małgosia) and then it is shortened (Asia, Tosia, Gosia). Those are kinda unique because you shorten them after already making a diminutive. Shortenning names by dropping initial syllables (like Germans do with Bastian) isn't that common, but beside those we also have Urszula->Ula for example Ad word order: it conveys a meaning sporadically and if so it might be a rather subtle difference, most often switching order means you want to underline something. The key thing is inflexion. If you say "Świni Rok" it might sound uncommon, but would be interpreted the same as "Rok Świni". The first one could be for example used to emphasize a correction: if someone mentioned something like "Miesiąc Świni" (Month of the Pig) but it is actually whole year then you can correct by emphisizing "Rok" with tone alone, but switching the order also gives an emphasis. Worth noting that this is somewhat blurry and there is no *need* to use that. Just remember to pay attention to the form of the words first. By the way, you would more often put the pig in front of the year if you turn it into an adjective "Świniowy" or "Świński". The first one has sole meaning of "belonging to a pig", the second one however can also be interpreted literally as "piglike", and further as "naughty" or "nasty". Still, "Świński Rok" means the same as "Rok Świński".
11:17 if the number ends with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u,y,ó,) we say "złote", if it ends with a consonant (ć,ś,n,j etc.) we say zloty. if we have 1 PLN we say "złotówka" or "złoty" (by the way, these are two different versions because there is both a masculine and a feminine form here) and I think this is the only exception, although a very interesting one.
14:00 "nie tak" actually means a different thing, when we say "coś jest nie tak" it means something's wrong, even though it literally means something is no yes 😅
For the numbers, the best explanation I can deliver is that we don't only have singular and plural version for each noun. We also have a double form for each numer that ends with 2, 3 or 4 (except 12, 13 and 14). Example: 1 candle = 1 świeca 2 candles = 2 świece 3 candles = 3 świece 4 candles = 4 świece 5 candles = 5 świec 10 candles = 10 świec 14 candles = 14 świec 15 candles = 15 świec 22 candles = 22 świece 24 candles = 24 świece 25 candles = 25 świec 192 candles = 192 świece (assuming you can pronounce 192 correctly in Polish) 😉🙃 You're welcome 😉
I think a big thing to remember is that Polish "no" isn't a regular word and doesn't have an assigned meaning. It can be used as an affirmative statement, but what it really is is a word that you can add on to any sentence to give it an extra oomph. "No chodź tutaj" has a lot more attitude added than "Chodź tutaj" (come here).
Ahhh, this takes me back to the beginnings of my "foreign language" adventure. I know I am making a lot of errors, some spelling, some grammar, but what my first tutor has told me, is the golden rule for me. There are people who learn languages like they were robots. Picks up on every detail, remember when and what to say effortless. Those are rare breed. All others need to learn and learn, and don't focus on how, you'll pick it up eventually. Imagine you are a child learning to speak, you repeat sounds after others around you, you don't think what to speak, but speak what you think (or try to), in time you'll get better and better, until you are "fluent". Like a newborn learn to "think in a language" it is learning from parents you must try to think in the language you are learning, forget logic, what is logical for you in your language, may not be in another. (more or less what he said) And still I think it's true, the more you think about why, you spend less time to actually try to speak. Ordinary learner should leave questions like "how" and "why" to later at a basic level and on the advanced rules, only if you are curious and want to attempt and pass an egzam in future.
'Znać' is know in a sense "being familiar with". It derivate from 'Znajomość' (familiarity). 'Wiedzieć' is know in a sence of "knowledge". It is from the word "wiedza" (knowledge). It's like the difference between "I know that person". And "I know a lot about that person." The first is about being familiar/acquaint. The second is about knowledge, facts etc.
The best part is that inversions in English works exactly the same as polish regular order of words in a sentence. So for years you learn that a verb stands at the end, to eventually get to kmow that your 'wrong' original habit was only high register. :D
10:50 This should be easy for you, as it is similar in English. Not with the noun, of course, but with the ordinals. There is "nd" every time there is a number ending with 2 (except 12) and "rd" every time a number ends with 3 (except 13), all other plurals having "th". In Polish it's even easier, cause there are only two cases: regular plural for numbers ending with 2, 3 or 4 (except 12, 13 and 14) and "of sth" plural for everything else 😊
15:36 "godzina" means "hour" in polish, but in serbian means "year", so when someone from serbia asked you "ile masz godzin?" (how many hour you have?) he asked you about your age, not about time :D
most diminutives of names in Poland have a regular form and only some have exceptions, but exceptions occur in many languages. In English, Bill is William and Dick is Richard.
About the "złoty" issue I think I know the answer. Long ago Polish had three forms of nouns: singular, plular and double(I don't know official translation). So there was jedno oko(an eye),wlele ok(many eyes) and dwoje oczu(a pair of eyes).Now there is only singular and plular,but in most of used words the last form remained.
In Polish „no” is short form from „ano” meaning yes, just like Czech and Slovak language ano, so „no tak” means like yeah yes, to underline „tak”, but you can also say „no nie” to underline „nie”, but using only „no” means just the same as „ano” or „tak”, just to say „yes”, and actually there is nothing strange in „no” (short o in pronantiation) because it is from pre old western Slavic „ano”. „Ano” alone sounds a bit old fashion or even a little like from village dialect in modern Polish, and we usually just use „no” to say „tak” shorter informal way („no” in formal does not look nice) or use it to express „tak” or „nie” stronger.
Yes, enjoyed it. I love languages, their origins, all the why's etc. As for the similar words with different meaning, they're called false friends and you can find some both on sites and in yt, especially between Polish and Czech, but they're also in English, like "eventually", "fatal" or "pathetic" 😂
About first one - Socrates engaged in discussions with poets because he believed that, after reading their poems, they possessed deep knowledge about the subjects they wrote about. However, after a few minutes of dialogue, he realized there is a substantial difference between knowing how and knowing what becouse all of them had no idea what they wrote. They were talented but without knowledge, they were using words like pianist use piano keys. For example, a musician can create beautiful music without understanding the theory of sound. A more modern philosopher, Henri Bergson, suggested that hidden cognitive processes, called intuition, could explain this phenomenon.
„Umieć” to taka silniejsza wersja „potrafić”. Trzeba było włożyć jakąś pracę, naukę, zdolności żeby powiedzieć, że coś umiem. Potrafię oznacza raczej zdolność do jakichś zachowań, albo wręcz, że mogę coś zrobić, ale raczej średnio ręczę za skutek. Żeby zn leźć jakąś analogię… to trochę jak kwadrat i prostokąt. Jeśli chcesz naprawdę wiedzieć, czy ten prostokąt jest kwadratem, to powinieneś zmierzyć długość dwóch przyprostokątnych. Jeśli tego nie zrobisz to tylko podejrzewasz (na podstawie omylnego przecież zmysłu wzroku), że może być kwadratem, ale wiesz na pewno że jest prostokątem.
About the adjective 2nd thing in Polish: We use it 90% of time in either sciantific names or expressions like the Adjective Noun(The United States, The Black Sea, The National Bank), so an apple sider wouldn't qualify That is also a way to differentiate between a big/huge mountain and The Great Mountain, when you don't have a/the on the start nor difference between great/big(for big you can use duży/wielki, while for the great in case of king or theater only wielki)
5:28 I am more confused by English shortening of names William = Bill? Robert = Bob? Richard = Dick? Also the Germans shorten Sebastian to Basti, as she said.
1. Bastian is a form of Sebastian only in German. Yes, it's weird... but cool. 2. The last digit means the end of the conjugation form in Polish, with the exception of numerals from eleven to nineteen. then it's always the same 1,5,6,7,8,9 zlotych, 2,3,4 zlote ;) 2002 złote - 2000006 złotych - simple ;) 3. do widzenia - goodbye -> do zobaczenia - see you ;)
Polish is the only language that I have ever given up on. This was because so many words in Polish mean something very different from the same (or very similar) word in Bulgarian, which just hindered my learning Bulgarian which is more of a priority for me.
living two an a half year in poland, tbh doesn't understand Polish to much but " pig of the year " making sense. We bend the grammer like this while we tired of talking about the topic or to reflect our reaction. in example " gecenin korunde neredesin ?" means " where are you in the blind of the night?". actually making sense when you use the grammer like this as you mention about time or seasons or unknown times. one more example for fun " dunyanin esek zamani" if you translate literally it is "donkey times of the world" but means very very old times like early or mid 1900's. Polish is so unique and fun actually.
It's not so strange about words like "apple cider", because in spanish and french they have this same order like in Polish; restaurante español, restaurant espagnol.
The numerals are pretty easy. If a numeral ends in a 1, 2, 3 or 4 then it's the nominative plural. If it ends in 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, then it's the genitive. The two exceptions are the number "1" which is just singular (though still nominative). And the numbers 11 through 14 which are also genitive. There are definitely much more irregular things in Polish than this.
Podejrzewam ze czipsy powstały od napisu na chrupkach chips i nie znajac angielskiego za dzieciaka (jestem rocznik 89, nauke języka miałam od 4 klasy) po prostu się mówiło czipsy bo w paczce było ich więcej a nie jeden. Albo podlapalismy to od Rodziców którzy za PRL uczyli się „gawarit” lub „szprechać” zamiast „spikać” P.s. Podobnie było z gra the sims , grało się w simsy a nie w simy
There are subject-verb-object (SVO) languages and subject-object-verb (SOV) languages, but also others, less common. Thinking the basic language property as weird it not right.
You are doing well, usualy people learning polish will butcher the lack of the letter "v" it is replaced by "w" and the sound for "w" is assigned to "ł" not "t" but the only thing to improve would be losing the russian accent
03:38 It takes a few seconds to check etymology of the word "Eskimo" - it doesn't originate from English. So we have the same "right" to say "Eskimosi" as English speaking people to say "Eskimos" in plural. 14:19 I don't want to pretend I am an expert in philology, but although it is true that "no" or a similar sounding word means negation in many Germanic and Latin languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Italian), in Czech, which is a Slavic language, like Polish, "ano" means "yes".
Krakers and chips are not native Polish words, so we keep pronouncation like it is in foreign languages. But we also, a little bit, polonise this words in plural: krakers(y) i chips(y) also in word "chip" we adding (y) on the end for plural (chip(y)), using for single piece original, plural pronoucuation from foreign languages.
About names, in English that also doesn't make sense; William is Bill, John is Jack, or Edward is Teddy, and I'm pretty sure there are other examples in English
Co za hardkorowy język. Dobrze, że już go znam 😉
Szkoda, że tego samego nie mogą o sobie powiedzieć chociażby 'nasi' politycy... :v
Czy aby na pewno? ;)
No po tym co usłyszałem o liczebniku dopelniaczowym czy jak mu tam było to się kurwa zastanawiam czy na pewno znam
😂😂
Hahahahhahaha
"no tak" means 'well yes'. "No" is informal 'yes' (not too polite version), but in some context shows hesitation for example "No nie wiem" = 'I'm not sure', "Nie wiem"='I don't know'. "Chcieć" = want, "Mieć ochotę" = want/fancy for
maybe "no" is from czech "ano" (yes)?
@@walterweiss7124 I think it's not. Because we sometimes use "ano" - like "ano tak" = "cóż, oh tak" (EN: well yes, oh yes), but it's rather archaic.
@@walterweiss7124 yes! Or rather, "ano" is a common word in the West Slavic languages. Moreover, "ano" itself is a shortened version from "to je ono" (lit. "that's it"), the archaic way of saying "yes". The meaning evolved slightly in Polish, and we started using "tak" (which was originally an adverb) as a simple "yes", while "ano" and "no"were relegated to other roles.
The point is that Polish "no" has nothing in common with English "no".
Polish "no" may be used in place of "yes". In informal converstation.
And in many other meanings 😁 As you said it may express hesitation ("no nie wiem..."), it may be kind of reinforcement ("no pewnie!", "no jasne!"). Some people say it when they search for a word ("Nooooo.......), some when somebody tells a long story to conifrm from time to time that they are listenning ("nooo.. No....") etc.etc. 🙂
@@walterweiss7124 I strongly believe that's the case, to me its an evolved form of western slavic "ano"
while "tak" would have evolved from a mix of latin/baltic(Lithuanian) influences
it could have been used as a common bilingual double "yes" phrase during the times we were not separated ethnically (in few centuries of PLC)
One thing that makes me irrationally angry is that "Dariusz" and "Darek" are the same name, but "Mariusz" and "Marek" are not.
Mariusz is from latin Marius but Marek is from latin Marcus
No shit Sherlock 😂 @@szkotszkot2549
Nie ma imienia Darek w polskim języku. Darek to tylko odmiana słowa Dariusz, jak Daruś, Dareczek itp., itd
@@xDarwexthank you cpt obvious
@@mickk989 Admittedly, this may not be so obvious to a foreigner... And I think there is a non-trivial percentage of them here.
"Umieć" and "potrafić" is more like "can" and "be able to"
Can - móc , możesz coś umieć np strzelać do imigrantów ale czy możesz ?
A czy umiesz śpiewać, czy potrafisz zaśpiewać?
Umie is a bit more like "capable of". Can is closer to "móc". These words just don't map cleanly between Polish and English.
The difference between 'umiec' and 'potrafić' is very subtle and they're often treated as synonyms. I'd say that 'umieć' is knowing how to do something' while 'potrafić' is more like being able/capable of doing sth, having the required skill/ability. That's how I see it.
I would add that you "umiesz" something if you actually learned how to do it but "potrafisz" if you just have a general ability, regardless if you practiced it or not. "Umiem pływać" (I can swim) -> I learned how to do it, "Potrafię zasnąć wszędzie" (I can fall asleep anywhere) -> My body just can do that.
Mieszkam za granica I operuje innym jezykiem..teraz dopiero zaczynam zdawać sobie sprawę jak zawikłany jest jezyk polski jezeli chcemy znać go dobrze.mysle ,że po prostu tak mnie Mama i Tata nauczyli ...byli nauczycielami z zawodu jak i reszta rodziny, niemal wszyscy..wiec pomyslcie jak ie bylo moje życie ( intelektualnie )😅😅
@@annafirnen4815 "umiesz pływać" vs "potrafisz przepłynąć rzekę" - in this second case it's about particular river, not that you can swim through any river. On the other side I can imagine someone say "potrafię przeskakiwać przez płoty" - which means that he has this exceptional skill of jumping throught the fences. We could say it about the dog. In your case "Umiem zasypiać na żądanie" sounds legit as well, but for "zasnąć wszędzie" "potrafię" fits better. Now I think the difference is also about perfective (for portafić) vs imperfective verbs (for umieć).
16:25 it's not about word order but about suffixes. "Rok świni" and "świni rok" would be interpreted exactly the same (year of the pig), although first one is more common. "Świnia roku" and "roku świnia" also means the same thing (pig of the year) however the first option is more common.
Yes and all of them are correct, but some are more common, like you said.
In Polish adjectives normally go before nouns. However, to make a fixed phrase signifying a larger semantic cathegory, a set of particular items, we put adjective after the noun. That is why you have piękna kobieta (beautiful woman) but odzież sportowa (sportware) or żywność bezglutenowa (gluten-free food)
@@alansand1436 You seem like you know what you're talking about, however you can't say -"kobieta piękna"- , only "piękna kobieta" is correct. Yet "odzież sportowa" and "sportowa odzież" are both absolutely correct, same as "żywność bezglutenowa" and "bezglutenowa żywność".
@@geeka Technically you can say "kobieta piękna" in a situation where you categorize women by their attractiveness and make them different semantic entities (women of high attractiveness, women of average attractiveness and women of low attractiveness, for example). Which is a bizarre and fantastical concept, which would only make sense in some social fiction, but it's not gramatically incorrect.
@@SolariusScorch As you said, it's a "bizarre and fantastical concept", so let's not confuse foreigners.
I don't know if you've already reached this point when learning Polish, but since Polish is an inflected language, the order of our sentences is "free but not any". Therefore, you can easily say "apple cider" as in English and it won't be a mistake, at most it will sound a bit old-school to some people, or they will think that you are from the east of Poland :)
Don't worry at all, unless you want to speak Polish like a native. And you would have to make mistakes anyway, because that's what 80% of Poles do. I also work at the University of Warsaw and sometimes conduct language classes for foreigners. I once asked what they remembered most from my classes. And one Italian replied: "You often repeated the sentence - >" :)
you treat eastern Poland as a medieval museum? thanks...
@@riesabass simply, the tendency to inversely structure sentences or expressions is quite characteristic of the language in these regions
But who would say "apple cider" in English
? Isn't this a maslo maslane, given that all cider is made from apples?
@@edwardkeats5537 I only referred to the example provided by Rob, as I understand it, it's not about the cider, but about the word order in the sentence :)
@@edwardkeats5537 yea, and then comes that thing, PEAR CIDER, because f. us ;) Quite good actually ;) Idk what makes cider cider, but that is actually name of that beverage printed on its bottle. YT cuts out links so google "lubelski cydr gruszkowy" :P
Ola is Aleksandra, becuse it was from earlier form Oleksandra, thats how it Ola still stuck, when Aleksandra got slightly different sound
Russians have Sasha as dimunitive for Aleksandra/Alexander. It is even more unexpected, I think.
3:43 - we (the Poles) might do the same by saying "slumsy", when word "slums" is already plural, I think. The "y" at the end of words in Polish is mostly added to plural forms.
Respect that you are watching Paulina's channel, her Polish is quite complex.
Good luck with learning Polish!
Mówiąc inaczej is wonderful channel for you! Paulina is speaking slowly, very clearly, intresting and you will learn so much, so watch more often!
Names can often be in diminutive form and short form at the same time. It's often a two step process that's why it is not so obvious: Joanna -> Joasia -> Asia. We don't shorten Joanna -> Anna because it's a different name, but Anna -> Ania (first step only). Same with Małgorzata -> Małgosia -> Gosia.
Sebastian is usually Seba for us here in Poland :D
Recently Sebix ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
Or Bastek
She said that in Germany they shortened to Basti not in Poland
Robert = Bob, William = Bill quite far from being just short version. Also "No" in polish is far from being "No - negative". It is like informal confirmation or strengthening word. It is almost never used in writing. It may also be used as a continuation punctuation word or when speaker needs just a second more to think about next word.
I didn't know Bill is William, I thought these are two different names. So Bill Clinton and Bill Gates are truly William Clinton and William Gates?
In the past in England, as well as the ones you mention, we also used to have common shortened names - Edward = Ted/Teddy, John = Jack, James = Jim/Jimmy, Catherine = Kit/Kitty, Elizabeth = Bet/Betty, Margaret = Peg/Peggy, Dorothy = Dot/Dotty.
not sure If you got the candle part? Basicaly znicz is the thing you put a candle into and put on a grave...so Yeah It's would be pretty weird to get one as a gift. Candle in polish would be świeczka or świeca
Or "najczęściej biały, woskowy słup, który się zapala, by ten się później zmniejszał". Glad to help. :)
@@AlanNoNamePlayer pure gold :D
A lil tip: "do widzenia" is a bit of formal, like if you used "good bye" in full and well pronounced way. If not used in formal situation, "do widzenia" may (but don't have to) be seen as emotionally cold, and maybe even a bit rude. For non official situations many Poles will be using "do zobaczenia" (means the same, but it's more like "see you later/soon"). Both can be mixed together in "do widzenia, do zobaczenia" if someone is unsure if they can be less formal, but don't want to be too formal ;) but there are a lot of other, strictly informal terms like "nara", "narka", "siema" (that one can also be used for greeting someone, sometimes as a "bye" it can be extended to "no to siema" as well as most other mentioned options, ie. "dobra, no to nara/narka/na razie/etc." meaning sth like "okay, so bye now").
and extremely formal and a bit offensive is "żegnam".
@@kopernik_elfka nah... extremely formal in some situations is 'spierdalaj!' :v
@@riesabass😂😂😂😂
I still don't get why people say "siema" as a goodbye. In my mind "siema" is a short form of "jak się masz" (how are you?).
@@Filczek "Siema" doesn't actually mean "jak się masz" the way it's used, though. Same as the English "sup" ("what's up" in full) is not an invitation to even the customary "fine thank you", just a greeting - the people who use the shortened phrase don't connect it to the full one it originated from.
The word order in sentence is also what frustrates Polish when we learn English. It is completely different. e.g. we can translate Spanish literally, word for word, so it means that it is English, which acctually stands out from norm here :D
I would not worry about zlotych vs zlote. People will always understand "zloty". There are more important things to learn. However, she explaned that in general we have 2,3,4 zlote and 5,6,7,8,9, ... 21 zlotych.
Great video, Rob!
I am familiar with the topic, as I'm a Pole living in London. Languages - that's my environment as I'm a writer and musician. English is sometimes tricky as well, I'll give you that, but it's beautiful!
About this beautiful lady whose video you are commenting on, it was once said among students in Poland that if her hands were cut off, she would talk half as much. This is of course a joke! (Because you also like to gesture.) 😁😁😁
Seriously, I am a 65-year-old Pole who has always been in love with the Polish language. I never claimed to have mastered the Polish language properly!
Currently, I have more time to learn the secrets of this extraordinary language - maybe I will write a book about it.
Regards!
Maybe she has some italian ancestors?:D
I can't help but be amazed by your pronunciation! I remember in your older videos you were trying but your polish sounded very english if you know what i mean, but now it sounds spot on and natural. Very proud at the progress you've made! As a pole I'm very flattered that people are interested in our language and culture, so thank you
As for the examples of diminutive names given by the lady in the video, they are quite logical:
Joanna -> Joasia -> Asia
Małgorzata -> Małgosia -> Gosia
and similar
Krystyna -> Krysia
Katarzyna ->Kasia
Zofia -> Zosia
Barbara - > Basia
Joanna -> Joasia -> Asia -> Asieńka
Małgorzata -> Małgosia - Gosia -> Gosieńka
🤣🤣
A weź tu wytłumacz dlaczego William to Bill albo Robert to Bob :P
Mnie bardziej już dziwią zdrobnienia: Jadwiga - Jadzia, August - Gucio, Leokadia - Lodzia.
Ja się całe życie zastanawiam czemu Aleksandra to nie Ala tylko Ola. Moim zdaniem Ola powinni być dla Oliwii i Olgi. A Ala dla Alicji, Aliny i Aleksandry. Btw Aleksandra to moje imię, stąd te dziwne rozważania.
@@kopernik_elfka i na to wchodzi "Iga/Isia" jako zdrobnienie od Jadwigi, całe na biało ;)
With the words "potrafić" i "umieć" it's fairly the same story as with "can" and "may" in English. "Can I ... May I", two different words meaning approximately the same but used to express something else depending on the context. Or Much and Many would be even greater example.
As for a Chip and Cracker Both are Neologisms taken from English and both refer to a single object. A plural for those would be "Chipsy" "Krakersy", unless you count the specific number of them than it's "Chipsów" "Krakresów" from 5 upwards, or if you're referring to the whole pack of them. "Hand me those chips" - "Podaj mi te Chipsy", "Hand me that pack of chips" "Podaj mi paczkę chipsów"
The book title "Survival Polish" is like "Survival in the jungle" 🤣
Tak jakbyś przechodził przez piekło czytając i uczyć sie tego
The book doesn't start with greetings, saying what your name is or whatever. Page 1 tells you that if a guy in a sweatshirt asks you "who you're behind" when you're walking around at night, you're not supposed to say there's no one in front of you, but strain your eyes to recognize the color of his striped scarf.
2:58 - "I know"(znam) by hearing, by sight. In "know" (wiem), it's always about information regarding the definition of a word, the location of a place, everything in fact. So "wiem" always includes "znam", but "znam" doesn't always mean "wiem". Just like every square is a rectangle, but not every rectangle is a square. I know (znam) a word, I (wiem) know what it means. I know (znam) this tree, but I don't know (nie wiem) where we are.
This is only difficult for English speaking people because "know" is a homonym in English, it has two different meanings. In German, French and Polish there are two separate words: "wissen" vs "können", "savoir" vs "connaitre" and "wiedzieć" vs "znać".
I always drove my English and Polish teachers crazy because while I knew which grammatical form to use (and sometimes even knew what they were called), I rarely knew why. it just sounded correct, so that was the correct answer. Maybe because I started watching tv shows in English, first with subtitles and later got too impatient to wait for them and got some version of learning by immersion.
Too bad I'm not absorbing Japanese the same way now.
omg literally same!! bonus points as i’m learning Japanese currently too :)
Znać - To be familiar with something personally, a person or a concept. This could also apply to roads you use. It's both your relationships and applied knowledge.
Wiedzieć - Simply to know, to possess the information about something
The difference is "knowing something" and "knowing about something" And of course, there is an overlap - You can "Znać" the road to get to the train station and you can "Wiedzieć" how to get there. one describes a thing (in this case, the road is that thing you know) and the other describes the knowledge itself (How to get there)
I know that the art of teaching is to explain something complicated in a simple way, but I'm kinda afraid that if I dumb it down too much, people are going to say that I'm making it too simple. But, yes, in essence it's a difference in "knowing something" and "knowing about", and a beginner needn't to bog their head down with specifics such as what a descriptive concept is. Let's keep it simple for now
Also in other languages like French (connaître, savoir ), Dutch (kennen, weten) or Spanish (conozcar, saber) these two words are also different verbs, so i feel like it's more about English having one word for everything
I highly recommend the film, "How to Speak So that You're Listened to?" (Jak mówić, żeby nas słuchano?) Prof. Jerzy Bralczyk
When it comes to numerals and which form to use, there is a relatively simple algorithm to use. For each noun, you have three forms: singular/nominative ("złoty"), plural/nominative ("złote"), and plural/genitive ("złotych"). The first form is used only for a single item (1 zł = "jeden złoty"), the second form is used whenever the number ends in 2, 3, or 4, unless the second digit (if one exists) is 1. Therefore for 2, 3, 4, 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, ..., 102, 103, 104, 122, 123, 124, 222, 1234 the form would be "złote". In all other cases you say the third form ("złotych") so this applies to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 , 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26 ... 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, etc.
About the word "no", which, as you already know, Rob, means confirmation in our language - now an anecdote. Some time ago, the famous slogan "No to racism" appeared on football pitches... which in Polish literally means yes to racism.
I would rather day No to rasizm - rasizm it is.
@@Clistes no to ma troche więcej sensu bo raczej nie tłumaczysz w tego typu zdaniach słowa "no" tak dosłownie jako "tak" tylko interpretujesz jako coś w stylu właśnie no to (jest) rasizm
@@alanwie7yt386 Ciekawie brzmi dla Polaka slogan reklamowy firmy Osram w języku hiszpańskim: Osram - toda mi luz.
"No" is a short form from Czech "ano".
16:50 Polish is actually pretty easy in this case, because it has a relatively free word order. One could say “Świni Rok” and it would be correct, but “Świnia Roku” sounds funny as it has a wrong infliction and by that- a completely different meaning 😜
But "Świni Rok" souds kinda like it would be a "shitty year"🤭😂😂😂
@@green7apocalyptica Or a very naughty year. ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Świnia roku sounds like the best świnia (pig) in year
10:09 That is even more complex because _złoty_ is a noun that morphologically is equal to an adjective so it is inflected exactly like an adj.
In theory no even a single noun in Polish has ending -y in singular, but really there is a number of such nouns, especially proper nouns, as Eustachy, Włochaty
You encouraged me to intensify my English learning... and one more thing; I knew from the beginning that you reminded me of someone, and today it dawned on me; You're like Bruce Willis...a little. I admire you for learning this difficult but dear to my heart language.
Hi! As someone who's a native Polish speaker and is currently learning Korean and Russian, please don't worry about being able to remember when to say for example złoty, złotych or złote. Native speakers intuitively know these complex rules because they have been exposed to their language their entire lives. Your brain needs to be exposed to the language is so many different context over a period of time to be able to form connections in your brain that provide you with this intuitive knowledge 😊 you're doing great! Powodzenia z nauką języka polskiego!
re syntax - due to having a case system we can shift word order almost however we want without changing the meaning. It will only impact emphasis and aesthetics.
Wpłynie to jedynie na estetykę i nacisk. Na nacisk i estetykę jedynie wpłynie to. To wpłynie jedynie na estetykę i nacisk. Jedynie na nacisk i estetykę to wpłynie... Faktycznie. To dalej ma sens... Nawet jeśli źle brzmi
@@kandarayun czy brzmi zle zalezy od tego jak zaintonujesz i w jakim kontekscie osadzisz zdanie w szerszej wypowiedzi.
The Polish word "No" is simply an emphasise of the positive, or just an emphasis of what follows. It could also be use to give the speaker some time to think while not being silent.
Mówiąc Inaczej ❤ nie spodziewałem się
16:33 That's what cases are for.
The noun in nominative is the most important. That in genitive is additional [genitive = the one belonging to parent(s)].
If you have such tool as cases, a word order is not that important. In Polish switching words sometimes makes an expression more harsh, not sounding so good, but still perfectly unmistakable.
But be aware: there are some rare nouns (mostly loanwords) that are exactly the same in genitive as in nominative. In such cases you are lost regardless of the order.
In practice the Poles use additional words like 'this' then. 'This' is fully inflected and indicates the case and the function in an expression.
I think that the difference is between "can" and "may". I can do something (physically) and I may not to (by social norms). The best example is when student asks the teacher if he CAN go to beathroom and teacher repliies that he "CAN" but "MAY NOT" to.
It simply shows that while he can (physically) he may not because of culture or school norms. And that's the difference.
However though "umieć" i "potrafić" has different meanings and it goes WAYYY further. "Umieć" something means you're capable of doing something. "Potrafić" something means that you're not only capable of doing something but also can use this in applicable situations when this "umijętność" fits the need of situation and you can use it accordingly. So being able to do something doesn't mean you do somethining when it's actually needed or "well used" at the moment. Or just fits a situation. While "potrafić" fits the situation well with your "umiejętność" to use it when it's actually needed. And then you "potrafisz" to use it is particular situation.
I lern English in a different way. i watch films by English and American people on topics that i know very well (eg. carpentry, blacksmithing, metallurgy and i listen to them) and i also watch English-speaking people commenting on Polish films. (i understend new words from the context) Every now and then i pauses and repeat what they said. When ever posible, i include English subtitles. Im not good, but i try. I think so many yuor fan du this
6:34 that red girl says not true. Gosia, Basia or Asia are created using the same method but additionally using consonant shift to 'ś' [eng: soft 'sh'].
So you chop ending, something beginning and replace last consonant with 'ś'. Some consonant or consonant clusters (especially nasal cons.) are not compliant with such type of replacement so you add another syllable at the end; of course 'ś' with trailing 'a'. So you have Agnieszka > Aga > Agusia etc.
Very nice channel ❤ hope you feel enjoy learning this beautiful but also difficult language ❤
8:00 nope. it's like "can" in english, but for "I can play drums" and "can I go swimming?" First means I can do something, but second is question, but you don't know i can do swim
17:40 "do zobaczenia" (till see you again) means "se you later", "do widzenia" means "goodbye"
the money thing is analogous to English numerals for me. why is it the one has st, but eleven has th. two has nd, three has rd, the rest of numbers has th.
@Rob @6:04 "Basti" for Sebastian is used mostly in German language.
Older people like me remember a tv program about polish language it was called Ojczyzna polszczyzna - Polish (language is our) homeland by prof. Miodek and broadcasted 20 years (1987-2007). It was a 15 min. short lecture devoted to selected issues of the Polish language. He could trace every Polish grammar issue back in its evolution to the middle ages or the renaissance.
I remember this program, but I don't consider myself "older" yet!
16:40 In Polish it's a bit easier with the order of words, cause when you use the correct case of the word (I know, that's the tricky part), you can even mix the words in the sentence and still it would mean the same ("świni rok" would be strange, but mean "rok świni", while the same would be for "roku świnia" and "świnia roku").
Just to let you know about the difference between " do zobaczenia" means see you really soon like same day later or next day, " do widzenia" more like not being sure when, I'll see you when , I see you " , but not "zegnaj " which means farewell, I might never see you again.
As for swapping places, it will sound unusual, but it still will be understandable if you use correct form.
Świnia roku vs rok świni is competely different because of roku vs rok, less because of order.
14:52 - That guy probably never tasted gin.
Rob, regarding "złoty": you need to take it as an adjective (means "golden") rather that as an noun. And then all rules will be on place :).
5:52 two-syllables words are the most practical in use, especially if you plan to call someone loudly from a distance.
Furthermore, most European languages are not comfortable with a voiced consonant at the end. "Sep" is way easier to say than "Seb", but it does not sound well at all.
As a Pole I have to say that I didn't know about a lot of these things, I always just feel how to speak and write but I can't explain how.
I'd say that "znać" means to recognise, asssociate and know someone or something because one had an opportunity to meet, speak, read or come across somebody or something personally - such a combo - so, "znać" embodies a real and physical knowledge of someone of something. Wiedzieć is an abstract term that means "to have knolwedge about sth" or to know sth about sth / someone, but it is mainly indirectly gained knowledge about someone or something e.g. someone told me about something, or i read about something but never met.
"Do widzenia" is more formal than "do zobaczenia". "Do zobaczenia" is more like "see you" and "do widzenia" is like polite "goodbye" but not as strong as "żegnam" which is also goodbye but when you whant to point that you really don't want to see that person anymore.
Umie - can (as in, has the skill to do it, knows how to do it)
Potrafi - is capable of
Check this out, for Poles this is completely clear dialogue:
- No nie yes tak? (isn't it so?)
- No tak! (yes, it is!)
Yep, I changed written "jest" to "yes", because it makes it more confusing, but of course sounds almost the same.
We also say "no nie" and it's either "oh no" curse or can be used as a surprising no. We also say "nie tak", but it doesnt mean "tak" and even "tak" doesn't mean "yes" in that case.
11:50 The problem is volume of learning material. "English" series are 6 episodes per season and finish after a few seasons(BTW why series have only one season a year - they should have 4 seasons, shouldn't they? ). "american " series had even 20-26 episodes. Introduction of streaming services lowered that number a bit , but still.
We can say goodbye ( do widzenia) anytime and to anyone. We can only say see you soon (do zobaczenia) to people with whom we are in touch or with whom we are in a very close relationship.However, we also use see you soon ( do zobaczenia) in the context when we have just made an appointment with someone or, in your case, you are finishing a podcast and you know that you will be doing another one soon. This is a form of invitation.
About the order of words - in Polish it kinda doesn't matter. As long as you use correct inflexion, the word order might make you sound weird, but still understandable. Like with the swine example - "rok świni" means "year of the pig", but "roku świnia" means "pig of the year" and now the words are in the same order, but they mean something different.
Ad names: before one asks why Aleksandra turns to Ola, they should explain why William turns to Bill, Robert turns into Bob or Margaret turns into Peggy. OP's response on that is really weird - there are "logical frames" on making diminutives, especially for some of those mentioned by her. There are just many various ways you can modify the same noun. Heck, you can stack diminutives on the same word ad infinitum.
Before Małgorzata becomes Gosia it goes through Małgosia, which is a diminutive made through a common pattern (it is almost THE way to make a diminutive out of a name). So it is first a diminutive (Joanna->Joasia, Antonina->Antosia, Małgorzata->Małgosia) and then it is shortened (Asia, Tosia, Gosia). Those are kinda unique because you shorten them after already making a diminutive. Shortenning names by dropping initial syllables (like Germans do with Bastian) isn't that common, but beside those we also have Urszula->Ula for example
Ad word order: it conveys a meaning sporadically and if so it might be a rather subtle difference, most often switching order means you want to underline something. The key thing is inflexion. If you say "Świni Rok" it might sound uncommon, but would be interpreted the same as "Rok Świni". The first one could be for example used to emphasize a correction: if someone mentioned something like "Miesiąc Świni" (Month of the Pig) but it is actually whole year then you can correct by emphisizing "Rok" with tone alone, but switching the order also gives an emphasis. Worth noting that this is somewhat blurry and there is no *need* to use that. Just remember to pay attention to the form of the words first.
By the way, you would more often put the pig in front of the year if you turn it into an adjective "Świniowy" or "Świński". The first one has sole meaning of "belonging to a pig", the second one however can also be interpreted literally as "piglike", and further as "naughty" or "nasty". Still, "Świński Rok" means the same as "Rok Świński".
11:17 if the number ends with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u,y,ó,) we say "złote", if it ends with a consonant (ć,ś,n,j etc.) we say zloty. if we have 1 PLN we say "złotówka" or "złoty" (by the way, these are two different versions because there is both a masculine and a feminine form here) and I think this is the only exception, although a very interesting one.
hmm, a np. 12,13,14,15,16 ? DwanaściE złote to tak dziwnie brzmi jak dla mnie
14:00 "nie tak" actually means a different thing, when we say "coś jest nie tak" it means something's wrong, even though it literally means something is no yes 😅
For the numbers, the best explanation I can deliver is that we don't only have singular and plural version for each noun. We also have a double form for each numer that ends with 2, 3 or 4 (except 12, 13 and 14). Example:
1 candle = 1 świeca
2 candles = 2 świece
3 candles = 3 świece
4 candles = 4 świece
5 candles = 5 świec
10 candles = 10 świec
14 candles = 14 świec
15 candles = 15 świec
22 candles = 22 świece
24 candles = 24 świece
25 candles = 25 świec
192 candles = 192 świece (assuming you can pronounce 192 correctly in Polish) 😉🙃
You're welcome 😉
I think a big thing to remember is that Polish "no" isn't a regular word and doesn't have an assigned meaning. It can be used as an affirmative statement, but what it really is is a word that you can add on to any sentence to give it an extra oomph. "No chodź tutaj" has a lot more attitude added than "Chodź tutaj" (come here).
Ahhh, this takes me back to the beginnings of my "foreign language" adventure. I know I am making a lot of errors, some spelling, some grammar, but what my first tutor has told me, is the golden rule for me.
There are people who learn languages like they were robots. Picks up on every detail, remember when and what to say effortless. Those are rare breed. All others need to learn and learn, and don't focus on how, you'll pick it up eventually. Imagine you are a child learning to speak, you repeat sounds after others around you, you don't think what to speak, but speak what you think (or try to), in time you'll get better and better, until you are "fluent". Like a newborn learn to "think in a language" it is learning from parents you must try to think in the language you are learning, forget logic, what is logical for you in your language, may not be in another. (more or less what he said)
And still I think it's true, the more you think about why, you spend less time to actually try to speak. Ordinary learner should leave questions like "how" and "why" to later at a basic level and on the advanced rules, only if you are curious and want to attempt and pass an egzam in future.
'Znać' is know in a sense "being familiar with". It derivate from 'Znajomość' (familiarity). 'Wiedzieć' is know in a sence of "knowledge". It is from the word "wiedza" (knowledge). It's like the difference between "I know that person". And "I know a lot about that person." The first is about being familiar/acquaint. The second is about knowledge, facts etc.
The best part is that inversions in English works exactly the same as polish regular order of words in a sentence.
So for years you learn that a verb stands at the end, to eventually get to kmow that your 'wrong' original habit was only high register. :D
10:50 This should be easy for you, as it is similar in English. Not with the noun, of course, but with the ordinals. There is "nd" every time there is a number ending with 2 (except 12) and "rd" every time a number ends with 3 (except 13), all other plurals having "th".
In Polish it's even easier, cause there are only two cases: regular plural for numbers ending with 2, 3 or 4 (except 12, 13 and 14) and "of sth" plural for everything else 😊
15:36 "godzina" means "hour" in polish, but in serbian means "year", so when someone from serbia asked you "ile masz godzin?" (how many hour you have?) he asked you about your age, not about time :D
most diminutives of names in Poland have a regular form and only some have exceptions, but exceptions occur in many languages. In English, Bill is William and Dick is Richard.
About the "złoty" issue I think I know the answer. Long ago Polish had three forms of nouns: singular, plular and double(I don't know official translation). So there was jedno oko(an eye),wlele ok(many eyes) and dwoje oczu(a pair of eyes).Now there is only singular and plular,but in most of used words the last form remained.
17:06
Rob. Bo tu chodzi o to bracie, potomku mordercy, że znicz to *candle również, ale też *funeral flowers so it's confusing sometimes.... 😮
In Polish „no” is short form from „ano” meaning yes, just like Czech and Slovak language ano, so „no tak” means like yeah yes, to underline „tak”, but you can also say „no nie” to underline „nie”, but using only „no” means just the same as „ano” or „tak”, just to say „yes”, and actually there is nothing strange in „no” (short o in pronantiation) because it is from pre old western Slavic „ano”. „Ano” alone sounds a bit old fashion or even a little like from village dialect in modern Polish, and we usually just use „no” to say „tak” shorter informal way („no” in formal does not look nice) or use it to express „tak” or „nie” stronger.
I met both forms - Seba and Bastian for Sebastian so I don't know.
In German Bastian or Basti is the actual short form or diminutive. In English it's rather Seb or Seba.
Yes, enjoyed it. I love languages, their origins, all the why's etc.
As for the similar words with different meaning, they're called false friends and you can find some both on sites and in yt, especially between Polish and Czech, but they're also in English, like "eventually", "fatal" or "pathetic" 😂
About first one - Socrates engaged in discussions with poets because he believed that, after reading their poems, they possessed deep knowledge about the subjects they wrote about. However, after a few minutes of dialogue, he realized there is a substantial difference between knowing how and knowing what becouse all of them had no idea what they wrote. They were talented but without knowledge, they were using words like pianist use piano keys. For example, a musician can create beautiful music without understanding the theory of sound. A more modern philosopher, Henri Bergson, suggested that hidden cognitive processes, called intuition, could explain this phenomenon.
„Umieć” to taka silniejsza wersja „potrafić”. Trzeba było włożyć jakąś pracę, naukę, zdolności żeby powiedzieć, że coś umiem. Potrafię oznacza raczej zdolność do jakichś zachowań, albo wręcz, że mogę coś zrobić, ale raczej średnio ręczę za skutek. Żeby zn leźć jakąś analogię… to trochę jak kwadrat i prostokąt. Jeśli chcesz naprawdę wiedzieć, czy ten prostokąt jest kwadratem, to powinieneś zmierzyć długość dwóch przyprostokątnych. Jeśli tego nie zrobisz to tylko podejrzewasz (na podstawie omylnego przecież zmysłu wzroku), że może być kwadratem, ale wiesz na pewno że jest prostokątem.
16:00 in czech "kwiecień" means may, but in polish means april
About the adjective 2nd thing in Polish:
We use it 90% of time in either sciantific names or expressions like the Adjective Noun(The United States, The Black Sea, The National Bank), so an apple sider wouldn't qualify
That is also a way to differentiate between a big/huge mountain and The Great Mountain, when you don't have a/the on the start nor difference between great/big(for big you can use duży/wielki, while for the great in case of king or theater only wielki)
5:28 I am more confused by English shortening of names William = Bill? Robert = Bob? Richard = Dick?
Also the Germans shorten Sebastian to Basti, as she said.
Fingers crossed for Rob! Polish can be both challenging and rewarding. Cheers!
no w sesie tak jest nalecialoscia z jezyka czeskiego gdzie ano znaczy tak,
1. Bastian is a form of Sebastian only in German. Yes, it's weird... but cool.
2. The last digit means the end of the conjugation form in Polish, with the exception of numerals from eleven to nineteen. then it's always the same 1,5,6,7,8,9 zlotych, 2,3,4 zlote ;) 2002 złote - 2000006 złotych - simple ;)
3. do widzenia - goodbye -> do zobaczenia - see you ;)
Actually no... 2002 is also Złotych ;)
@@MegaDobieDog oj, nie.
@@kopernik_elfka Oj chyba tak. 20 Złotych 200 Złotych 2k Złotych. Złote przy tak dużym liczebniku jakoś nawet nie brzmi logicznie.
@@MegaDobieDog „Wisisz mi dwa tysiące dwa złote.”
@@flecht Nic ni nie wiszę i aż w oczy kłuje XD
Polish is the only language that I have ever given up on. This was because so many words in Polish mean something very different from the same (or very similar) word in Bulgarian, which just hindered my learning Bulgarian which is more of a priority for me.
living two an a half year in poland, tbh doesn't understand Polish to much but " pig of the year " making sense. We bend the grammer like this while we tired of talking about the topic or to reflect our reaction. in example " gecenin korunde neredesin ?" means " where are you in the blind of the night?". actually making sense when you use the grammer like this as you mention about time or seasons or unknown times. one more example for fun " dunyanin esek zamani" if you translate literally it is "donkey times of the world" but means very very old times like early or mid 1900's. Polish is so unique and fun actually.
It's not so strange about words like "apple cider", because in spanish and french they have this same order like in Polish; restaurante español, restaurant espagnol.
The numerals are pretty easy. If a numeral ends in a 1, 2, 3 or 4 then it's the nominative plural. If it ends in 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, then it's the genitive. The two exceptions are the number "1" which is just singular (though still nominative). And the numbers 11 through 14 which are also genitive. There are definitely much more irregular things in Polish than this.
Podejrzewam ze czipsy powstały od napisu na chrupkach chips i nie znajac angielskiego za dzieciaka (jestem rocznik 89, nauke języka miałam od 4 klasy) po prostu się mówiło czipsy bo w paczce było ich więcej a nie jeden. Albo podlapalismy to od Rodziców którzy za PRL uczyli się „gawarit” lub „szprechać” zamiast „spikać”
P.s. Podobnie było z gra the sims , grało się w simsy a nie w simy
There are subject-verb-object (SVO) languages and subject-object-verb (SOV) languages, but also others, less common. Thinking the basic language property as weird it not right.
You are doing well, usualy people learning polish will butcher the lack of the letter "v" it is replaced by "w" and the sound for "w" is assigned to "ł" not "t" but the only thing to improve would be losing the russian accent
In Polish, the situation with "no" is different, because it does not mean negation in any way. "No" is just such a reinforcement.
03:38 It takes a few seconds to check etymology of the word "Eskimo" - it doesn't originate from English. So we have the same "right" to say "Eskimosi" as English speaking people to say "Eskimos" in plural.
14:19 I don't want to pretend I am an expert in philology, but although it is true that "no" or a similar sounding word means negation in many Germanic and Latin languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Italian), in Czech, which is a Slavic language, like Polish, "ano" means "yes".
Regarding the diminutives - I'm also confused when I hear some and I always wonder "why that"? I'm native Polish.
What number finish with 2,3 or 4 u use złote, and on the rest is złotych
Krakers and chips are not native Polish words, so we keep pronouncation like it is in foreign languages. But we also, a little bit, polonise this words in plural: krakers(y) i chips(y) also in word "chip" we adding (y) on the end for plural (chip(y)), using for single piece original, plural pronoucuation from foreign languages.
About names, in English that also doesn't make sense; William is Bill, John is Jack, or Edward is Teddy, and I'm pretty sure there are other examples in English