*Topic suggestion:* When did widespread historical appreciation culture (not just museum exhibition but also item replication and re-enacements) begin to emerge? I.e. when did societies start to fall in love with the ways of the past in a more or less organized way?
I'm more familiar with copper coins (cents) than bronze coins. I knew bronze was partially copper so thought of copper color which is a shade of orange.
You don't understand imperial measurement is like... YA who does? As an American, Metric is so much better. Though Celsius is not as accurate as Fahrenheit it is simple.
Fun fact: In Polish, the word "Brąz", refers both to Bronze, and the color Brown. So as a Pole, I was linguististically and culturally conditioned to think of Bronze being brown colour.
Almost the same words I was about to use - I said "Gold" initially - But I guess that's because I also work with Bronze clock faces which as you can imagine are polished up really nice - hence my answer "Gold" or (in my head was also saying "A dull Golden colour).
I've visited Greek and Roman museums all across Europe and Turkey and the colour of the bronze varies greatly depending on the period, alloy, and level of preservation. I've seen many shades of green, brown, yellow, and even a brown so dark as to be almost black.
Also the green layer on ancient bronze IS the corrosion itself :) There are generally 3 types of corrosion layers on metals, depending on the ratio of oxide volume to metal volume. If it's 1:1 or just a bit above it, it's a protective layer. Just as much oxide covers the metal, as metal was used to make the oxide, this means that the layer will be uniform and will not allow more corrosion to happen. If the ratio is low, meaning that there's less oxide for the metal consumed, which means the oxide layers will have holes in it, which promotes more corrosion. If the ratio is very high, meaning there's more oxide for the metal consumed, the layer will be uniform, but because there's more oxide created than the surface would need, there's tension created by the extra oxide, which makes it kind of peel away, thus exposing more metal and so promoting corrosion. Bronze is in the first category, that's why it has a protective layer of oxide after corrosion.
Brass is a Copper colour, Ancient Brass was Polished with Oils to make it gleam, very shiny Copper can appear golden in the sun. Brass is Not Brown "Rust is Brown" . Newly seasoned cast iron may have a brownish tint to it. It's not rust, it's just the initial patina baking in. Cast Iron was used in spear tips but not Armour as cast iron is too heavy and hard too repair. Ancient-Brass is 'Hardened Copper' or 'Carbonised Copper' Carburizing, also referred to as Case Hardening, a heat treatment process that produces a surface which is resistant to wear, while maintaining toughness and strength of the core. Bronze is a form of alloy Copper case hardened since Ancient times they added lime powder whilst it molten to remove impurities in a slag layer they added Zinc too change the colour they added Carbon to make it harder they added Pewter or Tin or Silver or Lead to make different 'Bronze alloys' the different is Tooling steel having copper that is soft and workable is great making copper harder was required for Copper chisel for stone working obviously refining the tooling steels was for better functioning tools like stone working chisels made of soft Copper an Egyptian was saying they must of been remaking the coppers chisels every strike. Carbonized Copper is a type of bronze as you said there is many types of bronze.
It made me think for a second because its quite difficult to describe a metallic colour as something not metallic... but i would describe it as rosey brown. Or i suppose brown with a hint of red. However this would change depending on which type of bronze you are meaning. For example, some ancient bronze had a very yellow colour, decently close to brass. As it is an alloy mixed by hand, the color would change quite regularly
When I think of bronze as a color, I think of light orange/brown. It's kind of hard to pin down because it's between the 2 and I have the notion of polished bronze in my mind.
actually, for bronze I think of dark orange, but, I know the total pallet of possible colors is more than that as different alloys make for different colors
Glad I'm not the only one who went with orange. Considering that one of the options he ends up describing (and many other people mentioned) is brown, then orange is a valid choice as well, since "brown" is really just a dark orange anyway. Technology Connections has an entire video on the subject of brown being a form of orange.
@@acaydia2982 that is true, I'm only on lexical basis in a third language and an apparently faulty memory of the meaning of the lexem "burnish". Chill. EDIT: no, scratch that. Checked it and "burnished" is just what I meant.
I guess depends on the bronze, right? Like super patinaed bronze can be kinda blueish green, while well polished and maintained bronze can range from darker brown to almost golden yellow. I assume you could likely get some gray-ish bronze as well depending on the other metals mixed in with copper, but I don't know enough about bronze to say for certain.
Well, there you go. I went instinctively with the colour "yellow"! But yes, of course, bronze covers a wide variety of shades and hues. Another superb presentation, Metatron.
Congratulations for 800k Noble ones! I've been here since about 100k and it's been awesome to watch the community grow and even chat and play games with you. Onward to greater heights and many more wonderful years!
As a nerd who games , loved history and paints a lot of miniatures with different armors; my initial answer was “well it can be many things !” . My favorite is the blueish /greenish worn look . I use that a lot for my warhammer terrain I paint for the statues and trims in the ruins . Awesome to see you show your minis ! Great paint job
Easily one of the best videos on the channel about a substance that's basically everywhere in museums with ancient artifacts but we don't really think about it despite being such a huge part of their creation.
Great video! I live in Vienna and roofs as well as statues with patina are everywhere in the inner city (alltough It's not all bronze, many times it's copper), and while I had a general idea about what a patina is, it was really interesting to learn more about it.
Bronze is a shiny yellowish orange. But if the Bronze has been left out to weather it will eventually be green. See the statue of Liberty But if you want a good look at polished bronze see some types of Civil War artillery (the howitzers)
I myself know most of copper colours. But I would say I'm familiar with the yellowish tint more since I'm Greek . Thanks Metatron for sharing these videos with the world. You are like a treasure trove of knowledge and I wish there were more historical accurate youtubers like you out there.
I had said that it was a yellowish-gold color; and your analysis is about right. Most of my experience with bronze comes from channels like these, historical images, and video games! I am also familiar with the patina bronze can get, but I didn't count that in my thought of the color, simply because that is usually bronze that has not really been taken care of, or at least that was my impression of patina on bronze.
I said “amber color”. In any case, excellent video. The science behind bronze is fascinating. Amazing to think that Neolithic people thought about adding things to copper to make a new material.
Yellow. Obviously a metallic yellow. I was long aware that the Statue of Liberty is made of copper. The TV series Fringe made a point of distinguishing between the parallel realities by having the alternate statue appear without the patina, so it had the appearance of being like a fresh copper penny.
Thanks to a heavy diet of fantasy novels and literature I had always imagined bronze as romantically as it had been described to me in books, generally as a burnished-reddish-golden-brown colour. However, in my late teens I was exposed to some textbooks and exhibits that showed tools and weapons crafted from bronze that were actually rather green. There went my poetic conceptions of magnificent bronze stallions and mighty shields of bronze catching the light of the sun smh
Um, do you need to watch the video again? I doubt I'd let MY armor get dingy and corrode while I was using it on the battlefields regularly. Maybe after I retired.
Every alloy containing copper becomes, like also usual copper, green, when not regularly polished and oiled. This rust counterpart(?) is in german called ,Grünspan'. My grandmother told me , that even in her childhood it happened sometimes, that when food was to long in Brass pots, the food became poisonous by this Grünspan.
@@brittakriep2938 Copper poisoning. I'd look it up folks, it's pretty complicated medically; and some specific individuals are especially susceptible due to genetic differences. Copper, manganese and zinc are all essential for life though, but the levels of the three must be maintained in the proper balance for good health. Copper is bactericidal as well, and copper surfaces are sometimes used in hospitals etc. because of this fact. But I think the assumption that ALL alloys containing copper corroding green is incorrect.
ปีที่แล้ว +26
My answer was yellow, because I'm practically a fan of military history and that's why I usually collect illustrations of military units from various eras (among those obviously ancient ones) from Pinterest, military magazines, books and even web forums; so I'm used to seeing the Bronze shown in drawn representations and the truth is that its color is quite attractive, I understand its popularity in antiquity (even when iron already existed, although it is also because it is easier to obtain). The subject of the video was quite interesting, you made me understand the reason for all the colors of that metal, so I hope soon the next subject that you bring us from antiquity. =D
I'm an artist: bronze is a metallic, earthy, brown-gold colour. It can be warmer with green tints or cooler with blue tints. You can find it in art as Burnt Umber and Burnt Sienna, however when I mix the colours for bronze skin tines, bronze jewelry and of course.... Bronze eyes I use a mixture of crimson red, yellow ochre and ultra marine blue and purple violet. This "mother colour" can then be mixed with various other colours to create variations of Bonze. However, bronze is NOT exclusively brown. Brown is brown and bronze is differentiated as having a definite metallic and rich-like texture and colour. Bronze is a variation of brown in Art and is classified along with gold, silver and copper.
Hello fellow nerd! My school chums and I used to play Runequest (2nd edition) when we were in school back in the mid 80s. We also played various derivatives of the game system, Traveller, Car Wars and Call of Cthulhu.
When you said bronze, I thought of it as a mixture of red, brown and gold. However, if I had to pick one, I would say it is a particular nuance of red (similar to copper).
Love the metatron I've been a history buff all my life for more than 50 years and you are by far the most the best I've seen teaching explaining and entertaining keep up the amazing work
My colour was orange/yellow, probably coming from the Original Age of empires, the first game, with the hoplite as an example, from what I remember. I loved and played a lot of the Original Age of empires, and I love the cool armours and units. Thank you for the video. Very interesting indeed. Have a good day, the same applies to the Noble ones and those who read this comment. Cheers.
Green is what i come across as color of Copper in video games, when its in "over-world", at mercy of elements while "Redish" color when its mined underground or at least from safety of elements.
Having known about the variety of alloys that can be called bronze or brass most of my life, yeah, I was aware of the variety of colors. My favorite bronze is an old Irish penny I've been carrying in my pocket since the early eighties, after someone gave it to me. It's a popular coin for sleight of hand magicians--same size as a half dollar. It's also a nice shade of red.
Hey Metatron I've been subscribed for a long time now and have watched you really come out of your shell through time. You have so much charisma that you show in your videos now that wasn't quite there before. It's been great to watch you grow as a teacher and content creator. Keep it up, the journey has just begun 💪👊
When you said bronze, the color gold jumped into my mind. An image formed into my mind of a gold colored bronze helmet. My decision may also have been influenced by my interest in gold-colored aluminum bronze. I saw a TH-camr who melts metals and made one with a mixture of 95% copper and 5% aluminum, if I recall correctly.
I always pictured it as a reddish brown with a hint of gold. Edit: Now that you mention it, if I see something green referred to as bronze, I've also accepted that intrinsically as well. Bronze sure does have a lot of hues and shades!
I had always pictured bronze as almost golden because of how it’s shown in games like total war and in paintings in history books such as the Angus Mcbride pictures. Edit: did not know bronze had so many colours
For the record I chose "Red". But I was wondering also about brown and green, not really yellow, I'd consider the dimmer variant brown (ochre). But I'd say this is pretty difficult for many metals, even gold itself. Replicating gold "color" (f.e. in painting) is also pretty tough. BTW greetings from Prague, our rooftops are pretty much covered in verdigris (měděnka in our language).
@@DjunisBRE That is quite difficult question. "Med" as honey is not directly related to "Měď" (Cuprum) that is itself derived from old Persian word "Med" of disputed origin. "Měděnka" is because of měď (copper).
Brown ! As in well-used bronze object that is not fully polished but is prevented from developing a green patina. I love solid, well-crafted old bronze pieces that just last indefinitely. I choose that over a modern equivalent whenever I can.
First of all congrats for your channel it is indeed an oasis in the desert! I have a fun fact here! In the Greek language, we don't actually call bronze medals "bronze", but "copper" medal ("chalkino metalio": chálkino derives from "chalkòs", meaning copper!) So we are closer to the true nature of the medal😆. (We use the same word for the alloy: "mprutzos")
Shiny metals are a tricky topic. In the digital world it is known that reflectivity is highly manipulative of a material's 'native' color, and the RGB for gold in digital rendering is a dirty-looking olive-ish yellow/ochre.
Hearing about bronze while cleaning an ancient bronze artifact from corrosion was extremely funny to me, especially about their colour 😅. Good work by the way. I'm always looking forward to your video.
@@johnmac4094 Unfortunately, i can not do that as all these artifacts are not published yet and it usually takes 2-3 years to be. The law prohibits it for security reasons.
Orange is my guess on bronze. I wondered about this a lot as a kid when aside from old patinaed statues nothing of bronze is even around, only copper and brass.
I had thought Gold-ish myself but I admit I might have been confusing it for brass. Either way I do know green is merely the copper portion of the alloy oxidizing. Same thing happened with the Statue of Liberty. Edit: I got to the thing where you brought up Skyrim and all I can say is: don't do that to yourself, Metatron. Basically none of the metal names past steel in TES make a lick of sense. We're talking about a setting with glass armor, ebony being a metal instead of a tree, and everything Kirkbride wrote for Morrowind during a literal week long drug trip.
@@Raz.C in it's crystalline form it is not considered a metal (although I agree it should be) so it's only technically a metal just like ebony is technically a metal even though is described as crystals in the game (could be like sodium which is a crystalline metal)
For your question on what color we'd call bronze, I understand the metals (gold, silver, copper, etc.) aren't considered colors, but playing along, I'd say orange, more so when polished rather than when oxidized. From what you listed, whomever makes up the rules, apparently brown is a shade of orange, the only colors are those of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet), everything else is a shade of one of those, then also somehow grey is a color, though it's not one of the 7 colors of the rainbow. So, I find the whole concept of colors confusing. When asking questions like this, there should be a clear definition of what is being considered a color in the context, and all we got was that you aren't counting bronze as being the color of bronze (though, considering the range of hue based on how much of what it consists of and all, all the more reason metals shouldn't be considered as colors). And for your proposed green, I can see why some may say that, but that's from the oxidized copper, not the bronze itself.
I have been subscribed to you for longer than I’ve known my fiancé and I have to say I love the new video format. I still go back to your old stuff but you are an absolute power house of a creator and I honestly don’t think you could disappoint us at this point. Thanks 🙏🏼
It's incredible that most of this facts I already knew because of my school years (was born in 90's in Greece) and it's so unfortunate that the books and lessons material today do not teach our history to children anymore (purposely in my opinion). Thank you Metatron for another great video, and all your videos especially when they have something to do with my country and the history of my ancestors. I wish more channels were focused in actuall teaching something to people instead of likes, Thank you again and god bless everyone reading this comment, have a great day.
@@evaapple255 Thank you very much, but the reality is that back then that was the average when it came to schools, it was a public school with teachers that actually cared about teaching and someone did not talk back to or you had to visit with your mother, and when it comes to Greek mothers I would prefer to go to war with the Persian empire than make her angry 😅. I was not a good student but I always liked ancient history. It's a shame that a lot of things have changed since then for the worse. Wish you the best, take care.
@@pelopidasalexis6943A pity, really. I am really a big fan of Greek history, especially Byzantium. We can learn so much more from it than simple dates and numbers.
Polished bronze is golden brown. Had to polish the the doors at a restaurant I worked at. Big oak doors with brass pull bars & a big bronze kick plate.
0:29 a shade of light brown, sometimes yellow when it comes to pure bronze and if covered with a layer of patina oxide, then green or blue 1:52 Well you're right and there are different types of bronze, since bronze is a mixture of copper and tin, but it is also a multicomponent compound that consists of copper with the addition of various metals and non-metals. Bronze was discovered as early as the 5th millennium BC, and began to be actively used in 4000 BC. with which the beginning of the Bronze Age is associated. During this time, people have created many bronze alloys with different alloying elements: aluminum, lead, phosphorus, beryllium, manganese, silicon, iron, chromium, tin. in ancient times for weapons, bronze was mostly yellow, like copper, from which it was mainly made - for example, weapons and tools from the times of ancient Egypt and Greece, they are often yellow
I think of Bronze as being a kind of Golden-Brown/ Golden-Yellow colour, but that the patina that forms over it, is more of a green colour. But freshly cast Bronze looks a lot like brass or gold and only changes colour after the surface layer oxidises to form the protective patina.
I figured shimmery golden brown as long as it's fairly new and well cared for, polished and oiled. but the color depends on the exact composition, it can be more red or more yellow depending on the exact mixture and still be considered bronze.
Yellowy brown was my initial response. As a warhammer tabletop player and the owner of a lot of visual reference books with armor, I'm used to seeing it depicted as something like a duller and less yellow gold.
My first thought for the color of bronze was an almost golden yellow, albeit with a touch of brown. This is probably due to playing in a handbell choir for quite some time, and associating the color of the handbells with bronze.
I picked a gleaming beige-brown. Please note, I was pictured a sheetish shape of bronze which was the same colour as at 4:10. Even though I was thinking about the colour of medals.
Yellow. How I know? A couple years ago I cast, filed, sharpened & polished a bronze dagger for my brother after a fashion prevalent in Greece during bronze age collapse*, so called Naue II -style, and fitted it with shin bone pieces for handle (I filed & whitened them before) from the first elk he had felled two years prior. I used 8 or 10% tin bronze (not sure of the exact amount, the professional who I worked with purchases raw material with both amounts) and was surprised how it looked almost golden, so yellow was its hue. * My brother is a great fan of _Iliad._
The color that came to mind is gold just because that's the closest simple color name that came to mind. That and because it's a metallic color and; as you pointed out about bronze, covers a variety of shades. Same color comes to mind for brass, even though most bronze colors are a darker shade. But i sometimes work with the stuff. So i am probably not the best person to question.
Being a machinist i pictured it in different shades of yellow or reddish yellow depending on the amount of tin in the metal and the amount of heat cycles the part has been though.
Bronze is usually a very light almost golden color in the workshop. But it totally depends on mix. The initial question confused me though because I've done machine work all my life in lathes and mills. Bronze has had a ton of colors to me. These metals always awoke a certain curiosity in me. Metals like Steel, brass and bronze, all mixes in which the composition can drastically change the character of the metal.
I said yellow to brown. My point of view is I own a boat, and I use bronze hardware as much as possible. My hardware starts off as a beautiful shinny golden colour, but it quickly develops a lovely brown patina is a relatively short period of time. Stainless steel has better corrosion resistance in air, like for cleats or hand rails. But in airless situations, like underwater, bronze holds up better.
I knew it to be yellow/gold, but that's because I work in metal as a hobby...of course, more "gold" than "yellow" because I associate "yellow" with brass (not including, of course, for red brass). Of course I have a few mixed bronze/brass necklaces I have as some of my "trade goods" for an upcoming festival where the bronze has reddened due to three years of aging where the brass has turned a "dirty yellow"...but, when freshly cast or worked, most bronze will shine very similarly to gold unless given a follow-up patina later.
Well there is also white bronze which looks a lot like silver, but tarnishes faster. When I worked with bronze in my jewelry class there was both the most common modern bronze that is kind of a reddish brown and white bronze.
In Poland, copper roofing is still quite common, e.g. many churches both old and new have them. So you can see both green copper and reddish pink/orange copper, and anything in between.
As chemist i would say it depends on what other metalls you used for your alloy but the most common of them would be somewhere between gold and dark red/brown or grayish green. Most have an metallic reflection but that's not realy a colour.
My idea for bronze being _brown_ actually came from Age of Empires 1, where a few units like the Broadswordsman and the Hoplite have their armor drawn in a similar color to that.
Red, But also brown, then yellow But its all those colours, its a spectrum depending on the make up of the mixture that was popular at what ever time and place. Or if its old and patinaed in the case of green.
My first thoughts were yellow/golden-brown and green patina. I'm not a gamer, so I had no clue what they look like there. I had no idea there were so many types of bronze!
I work in a hardware store and there we sell bronze stuff for water systems, they are basically golden, I don't know if the composition is similar to ancient bronze but either way for me based on my experience bronze is a slightly brownish golden
I enjoy your talks But I really appreciate this one I Am A sculptor who worked in fine art bronze casting for years. And I learned a few new things today Thank you I also Encourage more of that “bad” but good humor Take care And God Bless Just saying Italians are some of the best people I know No matter what island you hail from Polish American here We made alcohol from Potatoes roots Your people it from the vine of life and joy!
Bronze. I always assumed was kinda a goldish brown. Thats mostly due to being in band and playing a brass instrument. The instruments are made with a bit of tin too, like bronze, then polished to hell to look gold. Ive done instrument repairs so Ive seen unpolished brass and its like a brighter matte copper.
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*Topic suggestion:* When did widespread historical appreciation culture (not just museum exhibition but also item replication and re-enacements) begin to emerge? I.e. when did societies start to fall in love with the ways of the past in a more or less organized way?
I'm more familiar with copper coins (cents) than bronze coins. I knew bronze was partially copper so thought of copper color which is a shade of orange.
I knew stature of liberty covered with copper and turned green.
You don't understand imperial measurement is like... YA who does? As an American, Metric is so much better. Though Celsius is not as accurate as Fahrenheit it is simple.
Fun fact: In Polish, the word "Brąz", refers both to Bronze, and the color Brown. So as a Pole, I was linguististically and culturally conditioned to think of Bronze being brown colour.
In spanish we have the 'bronceado' that in english is 'to tan'. So... all shades of brown i guess?
Agree
That’s fucked up man.
In Italiano anche ....
rzekłeś!:)
As a metal worker by training, I naturally assume bronze to be a dark golden color in most cases but ranging all the way to white- silver.
Almost the same words I was about to use - I said "Gold" initially - But I guess that's because I also work with Bronze clock faces which as you can imagine are polished up really nice - hence my answer "Gold" or (in my head was also saying "A dull Golden colour).
I said orange, but I was just going off of basic colors, what I really mean is a burnt orange/dark gold-ish color lol
I like the colour description of honey it can be thicker and dark orange or thinner and light
I would have said burned orange
@@fhuuraliulfr5756 yea, orange brown was what I thought.
“Most of you will get this wrong”
*Starts by asking a question with multiple right answers*
I’ve always imagined it to be a brownish orange color. It’s kind of like it’s own shade of brown alongside other shades
I've visited Greek and Roman museums all across Europe and Turkey and the colour of the bronze varies greatly depending on the period, alloy, and level of preservation. I've seen many shades of green, brown, yellow, and even a brown so dark as to be almost black.
Love Metatron vids. So nice to escape reality and jump into a fantastical world of facts and logic.
the OP reads to me: A great video to escape this hellish clown world, back to a time where logic and facts were not just mere words 😂
Information was not any more reliable before the internet, information is just more accessible now, both false and true.
thanks eddie, needed that laugh. your so right.
Also the green layer on ancient bronze IS the corrosion itself :)
There are generally 3 types of corrosion layers on metals, depending on the ratio of oxide volume to metal volume.
If it's 1:1 or just a bit above it, it's a protective layer. Just as much oxide covers the metal, as metal was used to make the oxide, this means that the layer will be uniform and will not allow more corrosion to happen.
If the ratio is low, meaning that there's less oxide for the metal consumed, which means the oxide layers will have holes in it, which promotes more corrosion.
If the ratio is very high, meaning there's more oxide for the metal consumed, the layer will be uniform, but because there's more oxide created than the surface would need, there's tension created by the extra oxide, which makes it kind of peel away, thus exposing more metal and so promoting corrosion.
Bronze is in the first category, that's why it has a protective layer of oxide after corrosion.
Brass is a Copper colour,
Ancient Brass was Polished with Oils to make it gleam,
very shiny Copper can appear golden in the sun.
Brass is Not Brown
"Rust is Brown"
.
Newly seasoned cast iron may have a brownish tint to it.
It's not rust, it's just the initial patina baking in.
Cast Iron was used in spear tips but not Armour as cast iron
is too heavy and hard too repair.
Ancient-Brass is 'Hardened Copper' or 'Carbonised Copper'
Carburizing, also referred to as Case Hardening,
a heat treatment process that produces a surface which is
resistant to wear, while maintaining toughness and strength of the core.
Bronze is a form of alloy Copper case hardened
since Ancient times
they added lime powder whilst it molten to remove impurities in a slag layer
they added Zinc too change the colour
they added Carbon to make it harder
they added Pewter or Tin or Silver or Lead to make different 'Bronze alloys'
the different is Tooling steel having copper that is soft and workable is great
making copper harder was required for Copper chisel for stone working
obviously refining the tooling steels was for better functioning tools
like stone working chisels made of soft Copper an Egyptian was saying
they must of been remaking the coppers chisels every strike.
Carbonized Copper is a type of bronze as you said there is many types of bronze.
Brown. Funny thing is, in Polish "bronze" literally means "brown" ("brązowy") :D
It made me think for a second because its quite difficult to describe a metallic colour as something not metallic... but i would describe it as rosey brown. Or i suppose brown with a hint of red. However this would change depending on which type of bronze you are meaning. For example, some ancient bronze had a very yellow colour, decently close to brass. As it is an alloy mixed by hand, the color would change quite regularly
I was going to say gold/brass color.
I also said redish brown but i am not a history nerd
My first thought was rosey brown lol then I thought that sounded stupid so changed to yellow last second
I actually thought of all the possible tones of bronze depending on the metals in it, even black.
I picked 'dark orange' (not brown, yes I know), basically I trying to say 'copper', but not polished or tarnished copper
Brown is a type of dark orange
As a mortician, all of our brushed bronze caskets are more of a yellow gold hue.
When I think of bronze as a color, I think of light orange/brown. It's kind of hard to pin down because it's between the 2 and I have the notion of polished bronze in my mind.
I'm glad I'm not the only one who thought of the color orange.
@@Peter_The_Greatsame
Mine was red/orange.
@@Peter_The_Great Same here. Brown is really just a word for a dark orange anyway, so it is a valid choice.
actually, for bronze I think of dark orange, but, I know the total pallet of possible colors is more than that as different alloys make for different colors
Glad I'm not the only one who went with orange. Considering that one of the options he ends up describing (and many other people mentioned) is brown, then orange is a valid choice as well, since "brown" is really just a dark orange anyway. Technology Connections has an entire video on the subject of brown being a form of orange.
I went with "a kind of brown", although that'd probably be the "burnished bronze" more than an every day bronze 🤔
“Bronze burning in a furnace”
Is a more accurate translation.
It glows.
@@acaydia2982 that would make it one brighter shade of "a brown" : D
@@katathoombs you obviously have never seen it before.
@@acaydia2982 that is true, I'm only on lexical basis in a third language and an apparently faulty memory of the meaning of the lexem "burnish". Chill.
EDIT: no, scratch that. Checked it and "burnished" is just what I meant.
3:28 Fun fact: The lab in my vocational school has given up on using nickel, because it’s highly carsinogenic.
I guess depends on the bronze, right? Like super patinaed bronze can be kinda blueish green, while well polished and maintained bronze can range from darker brown to almost golden yellow. I assume you could likely get some gray-ish bronze as well depending on the other metals mixed in with copper, but I don't know enough about bronze to say for certain.
this was exactly my answer as well.
Well, there you go. I went instinctively with the colour "yellow"! But yes, of course, bronze covers a wide variety of shades and hues. Another superb presentation, Metatron.
Congratulations for 800k Noble ones! I've been here since about 100k and it's been awesome to watch the community grow and even chat and play games with you. Onward to greater heights and many more wonderful years!
As a nerd who games , loved history and paints a lot of miniatures with different armors; my initial answer was “well it can be many things !” .
My favorite is the blueish /greenish worn look . I use that a lot for my warhammer terrain I paint for the statues and trims in the ruins . Awesome to see you show your minis ! Great paint job
Easily one of the best videos on the channel about a substance that's basically everywhere in museums with ancient artifacts but we don't really think about it despite being such a huge part of their creation.
Great video! I live in Vienna and roofs as well as statues with patina are everywhere in the inner city (alltough It's not all bronze, many times it's copper), and while I had a general idea about what a patina is, it was really interesting to learn more about it.
Those green patina roofs are typical of old buildings in Europe.
There is an article titled "The Colour Palette of Antique Bronzes: An Experimental Archaeology Project" covering a part of the topic.
Bronze is a shiny yellowish orange.
But if the Bronze has been left out to weather it will eventually be green. See the statue of Liberty
But if you want a good look at polished bronze see some types of Civil War artillery (the howitzers)
I myself know most of copper colours. But I would say I'm familiar with the yellowish tint more since I'm Greek . Thanks Metatron for sharing these videos with the world. You are like a treasure trove of knowledge and I wish there were more historical accurate youtubers like you out there.
I had said that it was a yellowish-gold color; and your analysis is about right. Most of my experience with bronze comes from channels like these, historical images, and video games!
I am also familiar with the patina bronze can get, but I didn't count that in my thought of the color, simply because that is usually bronze that has not really been taken care of, or at least that was my impression of patina on bronze.
I said “amber color”. In any case, excellent video. The science behind bronze is fascinating. Amazing to think that Neolithic people thought about adding things to copper to make a new material.
Yes, and even Amber can vart in its coloring.
Yellow. Obviously a metallic yellow.
I was long aware that the Statue of Liberty is made of copper. The TV series Fringe made a point of distinguishing between the parallel realities by having the alternate statue appear without the patina, so it had the appearance of being like a fresh copper penny.
Thanks to a heavy diet of fantasy novels and literature I had always imagined bronze as romantically as it had been described to me in books, generally as a burnished-reddish-golden-brown colour. However, in my late teens I was exposed to some textbooks and exhibits that showed tools and weapons crafted from bronze that were actually rather green. There went my poetic conceptions of magnificent bronze stallions and mighty shields of bronze catching the light of the sun smh
Green on bronze is corrosion.
Um, do you need to watch the video again? I doubt I'd let MY armor get dingy and corrode while I was using it on the battlefields regularly. Maybe after I retired.
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Every alloy containing copper becomes, like also usual copper, green, when not regularly polished and oiled. This rust counterpart(?) is in german called ,Grünspan'. My grandmother told me , that even in her childhood it happened sometimes, that when food was to long in Brass pots, the food became poisonous by this Grünspan.
@@brittakriep2938 Copper poisoning. I'd look it up folks, it's pretty complicated medically; and some specific individuals are especially susceptible due to genetic differences. Copper, manganese and zinc are all essential for life though, but the levels of the three must be maintained in the proper balance for good health. Copper is bactericidal as well, and copper surfaces are sometimes used in hospitals etc. because of this fact.
But I think the assumption that ALL alloys containing copper corroding green is incorrect.
My answer was yellow, because I'm practically a fan of military history and that's why I usually collect illustrations of military units from various eras (among those obviously ancient ones) from Pinterest, military magazines, books and even web forums; so I'm used to seeing the Bronze shown in drawn representations and the truth is that its color is quite attractive, I understand its popularity in antiquity (even when iron already existed, although it is also because it is easier to obtain). The subject of the video was quite interesting, you made me understand the reason for all the colors of that metal, so I hope soon the next subject that you bring us from antiquity. =D
I think of brass as yellow, and bronze as more brown. Of course, it seems both are incorrect.
I said Gold.
I'm an artist: bronze is a metallic, earthy, brown-gold colour. It can be warmer with green tints or cooler with blue tints. You can find it in art as Burnt Umber and Burnt Sienna, however when I mix the colours for bronze skin tines, bronze jewelry and of course.... Bronze eyes I use a mixture of crimson red, yellow ochre and ultra marine blue and purple violet. This "mother colour" can then be mixed with various other colours to create variations of Bonze.
However, bronze is NOT exclusively brown. Brown is brown and bronze is differentiated as having a definite metallic and rich-like texture and colour. Bronze is a variation of brown in Art and is classified along with gold, silver and copper.
As a Runequest player (Bronze Age fantasy) I love this series. Would love to see more episodes on bronze armour and weapons
Hello fellow nerd! My school chums and I used to play Runequest (2nd edition) when we were in school back in the mid 80s. We also played various derivatives of the game system, Traveller, Car Wars and Call of Cthulhu.
When you said bronze, I thought of it as a mixture of red, brown and gold. However, if I had to pick one, I would say it is a particular nuance of red (similar to copper).
A greenish patena should have been a common passivation layer due to weathering.
I'm absolutely in love with the goldish bronze of the Greek armors in history books.
Love the metatron I've been a history buff all my life for more than 50 years and you are by far the most the best I've seen teaching explaining and entertaining keep up the amazing work
My colour was orange/yellow, probably coming from the Original Age of empires, the first game, with the hoplite as an example, from what I remember. I loved and played a lot of the Original Age of empires, and I love the cool armours and units.
Thank you for the video. Very interesting indeed. Have a good day, the same applies to the Noble ones and those who read this comment. Cheers.
I loved playing that game with my nephew, brings back fond memories from before life got complicated with the Iraq war.
In Greek the bronze medal is actually called the copper medal
Green is what i come across as color of Copper in video games, when its in "over-world", at mercy of elements while "Redish" color when its mined underground or at least from safety of elements.
Having known about the variety of alloys that can be called bronze or brass most of my life, yeah, I was aware of the variety of colors. My favorite bronze is an old Irish penny I've been carrying in my pocket since the early eighties, after someone gave it to me. It's a popular coin for sleight of hand magicians--same size as a half dollar. It's also a nice shade of red.
I say it's mix of yellow and brown but I work with bronze a lot in 3D so I already studied this... It also has an IOR of 1.180.
Hey Metatron I've been subscribed for a long time now and have watched you really come out of your shell through time. You have so much charisma that you show in your videos now that wasn't quite there before. It's been great to watch you grow as a teacher and content creator. Keep it up, the journey has just begun 💪👊
Your method of research and analysis is soo refreshing
Bronze is generally read compared to Brass even if they both are composed of copper at different purities
When you said bronze, the color gold jumped into my mind. An image formed into my mind of a gold colored bronze helmet. My decision may also have been influenced by my interest in gold-colored aluminum bronze. I saw a TH-camr who melts metals and made one with a mixture of 95% copper and 5% aluminum, if I recall correctly.
There's also a trademarked copper alloy called Nordic Gold, made from copper, aluminium, tin and zinc. It's used for coins.
@@TounushiSounds interesting! Thanks for letting me know :D
I always pictured it as a reddish brown with a hint of gold.
Edit: Now that you mention it, if I see something green referred to as bronze, I've also accepted that intrinsically as well. Bronze sure does have a lot of hues and shades!
I pictured it as a golden brown
When I hear green, my main thought is copper.
I always thought of it as a dark orange when unoxidized, brighter when polished, and a blue-green after oxidation.
I always think of bronze as almost golden due to the Bronze godpower in Age of Mythology.
I had always pictured bronze as almost golden because of how it’s shown in games like total war and in paintings in history books such as the Angus Mcbride pictures.
Edit: did not know bronze had so many colours
For the record I chose "Red". But I was wondering also about brown and green, not really yellow, I'd consider the dimmer variant brown (ochre). But I'd say this is pretty difficult for many metals, even gold itself. Replicating gold "color" (f.e. in painting) is also pretty tough.
BTW greetings from Prague, our rooftops are pretty much covered in verdigris (měděnka in our language).
is it medenka because its the color of honey ?
I choose orange, and wonder why orange wasn't mentioned in the list
@@DjunisBRE That is quite difficult question. "Med" as honey is not directly related to "Měď" (Cuprum) that is itself derived from old Persian word "Med" of disputed origin. "Měděnka" is because of měď (copper).
@@janzizka9963 ok thanks, i like when i hear new words from languages that remind me of Serbian words so i try to guess if they mean what i think
Brown ! As in well-used bronze object that is not fully polished but is prevented from developing a green patina. I love solid, well-crafted old bronze pieces that just last indefinitely. I choose that over a modern equivalent whenever I can.
First of all congrats for your channel it is indeed an oasis in the desert! I have a fun fact here! In the Greek language, we don't actually call bronze medals "bronze", but "copper" medal ("chalkino metalio": chálkino derives from "chalkòs", meaning copper!) So we are closer to the true nature of the medal😆. (We use the same word for the alloy: "mprutzos")
Copper which i know is not really a color
It's like a mud coloring with brown mixed earth colors
Me too, I’m trollish
Shiny metals are a tricky topic. In the digital world it is known that reflectivity is highly manipulative of a material's 'native' color, and the RGB for gold in digital rendering is a dirty-looking olive-ish yellow/ochre.
Hearing about bronze while cleaning an ancient bronze artifact from corrosion was extremely funny to me, especially about their colour 😅. Good work by the way. I'm always looking forward to your video.
What were you working on?
@@johnmac4094 The moving arm of a doll attached to a bronze shield and a bronze pin for clothes. Interesting things especially the first.
@@-Little-lily- TH-cam that!! Sounds amazing. Quite a responsibility.
@@johnmac4094 Unfortunately, i can not do that as all these artifacts are not published yet and it usually takes 2-3 years to be. The law prohibits it for security reasons.
@@-Little-lily- I regret not recording projects that would later be possible to publish.
Orange is my guess on bronze. I wondered about this a lot as a kid when aside from old patinaed statues nothing of bronze is even around, only copper and brass.
I had thought Gold-ish myself but I admit I might have been confusing it for brass. Either way I do know green is merely the copper portion of the alloy oxidizing. Same thing happened with the Statue of Liberty.
Edit: I got to the thing where you brought up Skyrim and all I can say is: don't do that to yourself, Metatron. Basically none of the metal names past steel in TES make a lick of sense. We're talking about a setting with glass armor, ebony being a metal instead of a tree, and everything Kirkbride wrote for Morrowind during a literal week long drug trip.
Don't forget the Ice armour (Stahlrim)...
Actually ebony is the crystallized blood of a long dead god (it's way way more dense in Morrowind because that's where the heart landed at.
But yes it is a metal in the same way calcium is technically a metal lol.
@FelineVillain
Calcium isn't just 'technically' a metal, it's as metal as any metal can ever be!
@@Raz.C in it's crystalline form it is not considered a metal (although I agree it should be) so it's only technically a metal just like ebony is technically a metal even though is described as crystals in the game (could be like sodium which is a crystalline metal)
For your question on what color we'd call bronze, I understand the metals (gold, silver, copper, etc.) aren't considered colors, but playing along, I'd say orange, more so when polished rather than when oxidized. From what you listed, whomever makes up the rules, apparently brown is a shade of orange, the only colors are those of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet), everything else is a shade of one of those, then also somehow grey is a color, though it's not one of the 7 colors of the rainbow. So, I find the whole concept of colors confusing. When asking questions like this, there should be a clear definition of what is being considered a color in the context, and all we got was that you aren't counting bronze as being the color of bronze (though, considering the range of hue based on how much of what it consists of and all, all the more reason metals shouldn't be considered as colors). And for your proposed green, I can see why some may say that, but that's from the oxidized copper, not the bronze itself.
I thought orange too.
@@codahighland me too
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I went with "gold/orange".
It's incredible that most of this facts I already knew because of my school years (was born in 90's in Greece) and it's so unfortunate that the books and lessons material today do not teach our history to children anymore (purposely in my opinion).
Thank you Metatron for another great video, and all your videos especially when they have something to do with my country and the history of my ancestors.
I wish more channels were focused in actuall teaching something to people instead of likes, Thank you again and god bless everyone reading this comment, have a great day.
wow - good school and good memory
@@evaapple255 Thank you very much, but the reality is that back then that was the average when it came to schools, it was a public school with teachers that actually cared about teaching and someone did not talk back to or you had to visit with your mother, and when it comes to Greek mothers I would prefer to go to war with the Persian empire than make her angry 😅.
I was not a good student but I always liked ancient history. It's a shame that a lot of things have changed since then for the worse.
Wish you the best, take care.
In Switzerland, we learn greek, roman, and european history.
Greece and Rome are the craddle of the western civilised world, it's mandatory.
@@pelopidasalexis6943A pity, really. I am really a big fan of Greek history, especially Byzantium. We can learn so much more from it than simple dates and numbers.
I saw yellow. Due to me being a miniature painter played big role. Box art usually portrait them as yellowish gold.
Polished bronze is golden brown.
Had to polish the the doors at a restaurant I worked at.
Big oak doors with brass pull bars & a big bronze kick plate.
0:29 a shade of light brown, sometimes yellow when it comes to pure bronze
and if covered with a layer of patina oxide, then green or blue
1:52 Well you're right and there are different types of bronze, since bronze is a mixture of copper and tin, but it is also a multicomponent compound that consists of copper with the addition of various metals and non-metals.
Bronze was discovered as early as the 5th millennium BC, and began to be actively used in 4000 BC. with which the beginning of the Bronze Age is associated. During this time, people have created many bronze alloys with different alloying elements: aluminum, lead, phosphorus, beryllium, manganese, silicon, iron, chromium, tin.
in ancient times for weapons, bronze was mostly yellow, like copper, from which it was mainly made - for example, weapons and tools from the times of ancient Egypt and Greece, they are often yellow
Got it! I have seen bronze in so many colours, depending on the purpose and age of the artifacts.
I went with brown. My exposure is from brass and bronze pipe fittings and valves.... Bronze is dull brown.... Brass is shiny and more golden.
I think of Bronze as being a kind of Golden-Brown/ Golden-Yellow colour, but that the patina that forms over it, is more of a green colour. But freshly cast Bronze looks a lot like brass or gold and only changes colour after the surface layer oxidises to form the protective patina.
I figured shimmery golden brown as long as it's fairly new and well cared for, polished and oiled.
but the color depends on the exact composition, it can be more red or more yellow depending on the exact mixture and still be considered bronze.
Yellowy brown was my initial response. As a warhammer tabletop player and the owner of a lot of visual reference books with armor, I'm used to seeing it depicted as something like a duller and less yellow gold.
My first thought for the color of bronze was an almost golden yellow, albeit with a touch of brown. This is probably due to playing in a handbell choir for quite some time, and associating the color of the handbells with bronze.
I picked a gleaming beige-brown. Please note, I was pictured a sheetish shape of bronze which was the same colour as at 4:10. Even though I was thinking about the colour of medals.
Bronze is a metallic orange/brown colour (brown is dark orange).
Hex: CD7F32
RGB: 205, 127, 50
0:38 Reddish-brown (mostly brown with a reddish tint).
*EDIT:* 4:10 Exactly that, right there!
👌🏻🎯👍🏻
Golden. I've seen polished bronze swords and they're somewhere between gold and ice in their color and shine.
Yellow. How I know?
A couple years ago I cast, filed, sharpened & polished a bronze dagger for my brother after a fashion prevalent in Greece during bronze age collapse*, so called Naue II -style, and fitted it with shin bone pieces for handle (I filed & whitened them before) from the first elk he had felled two years prior. I used 8 or 10% tin bronze (not sure of the exact amount, the professional who I worked with purchases raw material with both amounts) and was surprised how it looked almost golden, so yellow was its hue.
* My brother is a great fan of _Iliad._
The color that came to mind is gold just because that's the closest simple color name that came to mind. That and because it's a metallic color and; as you pointed out about bronze, covers a variety of shades. Same color comes to mind for brass, even though most bronze colors are a darker shade. But i sometimes work with the stuff. So i am probably not the best person to question.
Being a machinist i pictured it in different shades of yellow or reddish yellow depending on the amount of tin in the metal and the amount of heat cycles the part has been though.
Bronze is usually a very light almost golden color in the workshop. But it totally depends on mix.
The initial question confused me though because I've done machine work all my life in lathes and mills.
Bronze has had a ton of colors to me.
These metals always awoke a certain curiosity in me. Metals like Steel, brass and bronze, all mixes in which the composition can drastically change the character of the metal.
I picked orange, but blue and green are also familiar from roofing etc.
Orange to brown, or raw sienna to burnt sienna; because of the copper heating installation and the fittings, which are visible right beside me.
I said yellow to brown. My point of view is I own a boat, and I use bronze hardware as much as possible. My hardware starts off as a beautiful shinny golden colour, but it quickly develops a lovely brown patina is a relatively short period of time.
Stainless steel has better corrosion resistance in air, like for cleats or hand rails. But in airless situations, like underwater, bronze holds up better.
I really enjoyed this detailed information on history, metal work etc. This video would be a great accompaniment to bronze statue viewing at museums 🤗
I knew it to be yellow/gold, but that's because I work in metal as a hobby...of course, more "gold" than "yellow" because I associate "yellow" with brass (not including, of course, for red brass). Of course I have a few mixed bronze/brass necklaces I have as some of my "trade goods" for an upcoming festival where the bronze has reddened due to three years of aging where the brass has turned a "dirty yellow"...but, when freshly cast or worked, most bronze will shine very similarly to gold unless given a follow-up patina later.
I said yellow. I was thinking about bronze bushings I've seen in folding knives and at work (heavy industry), and also Skallagrim's bronze sword.
Fantastic video, as always, Met!
Well there is also white bronze which looks a lot like silver, but tarnishes faster. When I worked with bronze in my jewelry class there was both the most common modern bronze that is kind of a reddish brown and white bronze.
Maybe the most interesting video I've seen from you so far, I wasn't expecting it to be as interesting as it was 😂 this is a great channel
In Poland, copper roofing is still quite common, e.g. many churches both old and new have them. So you can see both green copper and reddish pink/orange copper, and anything in between.
As chemist i would say it depends on what other metalls you used for your alloy but the most common of them would be somewhere between gold and dark red/brown or grayish green. Most have an metallic reflection but that's not realy a colour.
My connection to bronze is from runescape where you smelt tin and copper to make bronze.
i pick all the collors, combined, sorry i could not think of one color only, Bronze is a yellow black stuff with some orange and chocolate
I'd say that clean bronze is perceivably dark yellow. Of course old pieces tend to be of greenish tints.
My idea for bronze being _brown_ actually came from Age of Empires 1, where a few units like the Broadswordsman and the Hoplite have their armor drawn in a similar color to that.
Brown. I was cleaning the bronze grave marker of my grandparents not long ago.
orange is what I think... I've done soe "sort by color things" and bronze was normally put with orange... but i know it can be many
Red,
But also brown, then yellow
But its all those colours, its a spectrum depending on the make up of the mixture that was popular at what ever time and place. Or if its old and patinaed in the case of green.
My first thoughts were yellow/golden-brown and green patina. I'm not a gamer, so I had no clue what they look like there. I had no idea there were so many types of bronze!
I work in a hardware store and there we sell bronze stuff for water systems, they are basically golden, I don't know if the composition is similar to ancient bronze but either way for me based on my experience bronze is a slightly brownish golden
I enjoy your talks
But I really appreciate this one
I
Am
A sculptor who worked in fine art bronze casting for years.
And I learned a few new things today
Thank you
I also
Encourage more of
that “bad” but good humor
Take care
And God Bless
Just saying
Italians are some of the best people I know
No matter what island you hail from
Polish American here
We made alcohol from
Potatoes roots
Your people it from the vine of life and joy!
Bronze. I always assumed was kinda a goldish brown. Thats mostly due to being in band and playing a brass instrument. The instruments are made with a bit of tin too, like bronze, then polished to hell to look gold. Ive done instrument repairs so Ive seen unpolished brass and its like a brighter matte copper.