Hey guys, you may have noticed I reuploaded my Realistic Interchange Guide. I felt like the last version was not meeting my quality standards after posting it so I remade it better!
1:45 As a construction engineer i would like to object.While its cheap to just move dirt, and it is often moved from the road that is at the bottom to the one at the top, depending of what kind of dirt that is, that might not always be viable. There is a other issue. A ramp that high may have to sit everything from 3-6 month before its ready to use (or if its overloaded it might be sufficient with just 1). Building a elevated ramp is not really that expensive, but its highly dependent on the span. Something like pretentioned beam bridge is not really that expensive to make (well after you built the factory, the factory is quite expensive), Span of up to about 20 meters can be made fairly cheaply and span of less than 10 meters are dirt cheap. One issue is foundation. If you want a second span, you also need a second foundation. This use to be really expensive, but now days with floating funration, its really not that expensive either. The thing is, most bridges was built 50 years ago. So they was built the way that was cheapest back then. Whats cheap then and what is cheap now is very diffrent. A pretention beam bridge where most things can be made in factory transported and mounted the whole bridge ´can be built in a few days by a few dudes. If labor is expensive (as is the case in most of the west). this is typically much cheaper.
@@Timeister There is a other part here that is kind of more important. Something called a vertical curve. This determine how fast a road can go from flat to full inclination. Now i have my old books stored in the shed so i don´t have any number on hand. But typically if the speed limit double the vertical curve increase by factor 4. To decrease the length (and cost) of the ramp up to a bridge typically the full vertical curve is on top of the bridge. This way the road is already leaning down at maximum angle (that is typically 6% but it is different from region to region). So a typical highway bridge would have 3 pillars One in the center, and one on each side, The center one would be slightly higher to get a curve on top of the bridge. Highway bridges that is fairly recent often only have 2 foundation but with a double set of pillars out of each. Its worth saying that 6% is not the maximum alowed, but the maximum recommended. The maximum alowed is typically 15-20% that is really very steep. This is typically just used in parking garage or very tight places I have not done road planing since university but i done quite a bit of railway planing. TEN-T standard for Railway in Europe is 1.5% for freight. Some specialty railways have as low as 1%. For passenger railways everything from 2.5-4% is pretty common, there is no set standard. Some places that have not yet been upgraded to TEN-T standard have freight trains at 2.5% or even higher. They typically have to double up the locos There are older railways that is considerably steeper, even with out rack-gears. Some railroads (typically older once) did have a much steeper grade alowed for a very short distance. Of cause the vertical curve will be very very flat at higher speed. So at highway speeds the vertical curve is so flat its hardly even noticeable for a bridge. Anyway, my main point is that they try to make the inclines as short as possible while still adhering to the 6% recommendation. So they try to clip the 6% inclination the second the bridge go over the corner of the pavement below
@@Timeister In my area it was always done like you explained in the video. 7.5 meters high bridge and slopes of soil protected with a variety of systems.
@@bozomori2287 That is true. But post-tension beams have a number of drawbacks. The first is that they have to be deeper, quite a bit so. they are also quite maintenance intensive that you really don´t want on a highway bridge. If you only have a factory making pre-tention segments day after day, its for sure cheaper to use pre-tention. But if you make sort of a one of, post-tention is for sure cheaper. A drawback of pre-tention is that they have to be transport in one pice. Still when you gained the ability to produce and transport say 30-50 meter long pre-tention they are just way superior.
He did not. He intentionally did not build a deceleration lane, as they are not needed in reality in most situations. The purpose of the extra lane for onramps is to allow traffic to change speed to fit into existing gaps. This is because entering traffic may have vehicles right next to them once they meet the highway. Exiting traffic doesn't have this issue, so the extra lane is only needed to give room to slow down if the exit has a very sharp curve (which the one in the video does not).
Just thought I'd let you know, since your bridge is the same height on both sides of your highway, once you have one side level you can simply use the level terrain tool on the other side to get the exact same height. (referring to time marker 4:36) Makes it a little easier since you don't have to use the shift terrain tool on both sides to raise the terrain to approximately the height of the road. You only need to do that on one side. If that makes sense. On one side use the shift terrain tool to get close to the right height then use the level terrain tool to get the right height. Then using the level terrain tool on the other side to raise the terrain to the same height as the first side.
Sorry I skipped a couple of seconds because the road was getting all janky. Click and drag towards left or right depending on which direction you want your turning lane to be.
Also when you upgrade a road you can only turn off snap to zone length and keep snapnto existing geometry to allow three snap positions you can choose when upgrading the road.
There are some rural villages in Austria have diamond interchanges in them. And not to a highway either, but to a country road with 1 lane in each direction.
Nice Video with some good tips. But I've one question: You created a merge lane at the end of your onramps for lane mathematics but no exit lane at the beginning of the offramps. Why? I think it will improve your interchnage having correct lane mathematics on both types of ramps.
Hopefully the turn lanes can be altered to however we want them (unlike relatively early on in CS1) to make pretty effective much less realistic “Constricted” or tight diamond setup… Y’know, the next best thing to either a SPUI or DDI, where there’s turn lanes on the bridge for both directions… just before when approaching if traffic might be just busy enough…
There are bridges in Texas here that are a little over 5.1 meters on some of the expressway overpasses, so even the ones you did are a little high by standards here in TX :-)
It’s good practice to remove the straight option for your off ramp as well. The person should be turning left or right, not getting right back on the highway in the same direction they were already going.
Nice video but you forgot to remove the crosswalks or at least where I live there are no crosswalks at an overpass. How long do you think before they allow individual lanes to be switched, I already miss the node tool, lol.
I like ur vids keep it up👍... Especially the Rockport series... U certainly have amazing skills. Also I wanted to ask you something if you don't mind- Are you a pilot?
Now all we really need to hope for is that the people USE the roads correctly... Like good, law-breaking people do! Inside lane is +5 to +10 MPH over the speed limit, the "fast lane" and "passing lane". The middle lanes are where you linger, when your destination is far away and you are under the age of 75. The outside lane, where exits are, is where you ONLY go if you are a super-cautious driver, afraid of speed, OR you are actually going to exit ahead, soon. Driving under the speed-limit. Illegal u-turns. Rolling stops through stop-signs. Pushing the yellow light into red as you fly through an intersection. Cross-walks stopping Left-hand traffic, or making it yield, instead of "green", when people are walking across the road. (Isolated from "forward traffic lights", which come next.) All right hand turns being "yield", not forcing them to wait for a light to change. Traffic sensors, so lights shorten if there is NO CARS WAITING. Timing adjustments, by time of day, to let "high traffic through lights longer". Midnight "blinking yield" and "blinking stop", to stop impeding people on roads without traffic. People jay-walking, if there is no traffic and there is no cross-walk available. (Crossing before a cross-walk, if possible.) Cross-walk "timing" adjustments that extend crossing time, each successive time, up to a point. Which resets back to "no crossing", when no-one has hit the button. So larger crowds have more time to cross, if there are more waiting the next light cycle still. Forced restrictions on "drives" being near an "intersection", which is a standard DOT law, in every country. Cul-de-sacs at terminating roads, because of DOT laws too. No "changing lanes" IN an intersection, because that is the law, in every country, on every road. Yield for emergency vehicles and "pull to the side" to let them pass, where possible. Again a DOT law, that every country has on every road, except walled roads without a median. (Allowing emergency vehicles to run on opposing traffic lanes and control lights in some major advanced cities. Lights that pre-clear traffic along an emergency vehicles path.)
How difficult would it be to raise the median to the bridge height so that you can make an inverted SPUI; where the on and off ramps connect to the highway from the median side of the road?
It would be pretty easy I think. The landscaping tools work really well. You could likely build it with bridges too as roads are way more flexible in CS2.
In flat Florida and up and down the flat eastern coastal US, the interchanges have walls rather than slopes. Will the new fill and cut work on interchanges or would that be too complicated?
Hey guys, you may have noticed I reuploaded my Realistic Interchange Guide. I felt like the last version was not meeting my quality standards after posting it so I remade it better!
1:45 As a construction engineer i would like to object.While its cheap to just move dirt, and it is often moved from the road that is at the bottom to the one at the top, depending of what kind of dirt that is, that might not always be viable.
There is a other issue. A ramp that high may have to sit everything from 3-6 month before its ready to use (or if its overloaded it might be sufficient with just 1).
Building a elevated ramp is not really that expensive, but its highly dependent on the span. Something like pretentioned beam bridge is not really that expensive to make (well after you built the factory, the factory is quite expensive), Span of up to about 20 meters can be made fairly cheaply and span of less than 10 meters are dirt cheap.
One issue is foundation. If you want a second span, you also need a second foundation. This use to be really expensive, but now days with floating funration, its really not that expensive either.
The thing is, most bridges was built 50 years ago. So they was built the way that was cheapest back then. Whats cheap then and what is cheap now is very diffrent.
A pretention beam bridge where most things can be made in factory transported and mounted the whole bridge ´can be built in a few days by a few dudes. If labor is expensive (as is the case in most of the west). this is typically much cheaper.
Very interesting! So many things I never considered. Thanks for your comment!
@@Timeister There is a other part here that is kind of more important. Something called a vertical curve. This determine how fast a road can go from flat to full inclination.
Now i have my old books stored in the shed so i don´t have any number on hand. But typically if the speed limit double the vertical curve increase by factor 4.
To decrease the length (and cost) of the ramp up to a bridge typically the full vertical curve is on top of the bridge. This way the road is already leaning down at maximum angle (that is typically 6% but it is different from region to region).
So a typical highway bridge would have 3 pillars One in the center, and one on each side, The center one would be slightly higher to get a curve on top of the bridge.
Highway bridges that is fairly recent often only have 2 foundation but with a double set of pillars out of each.
Its worth saying that 6% is not the maximum alowed, but the maximum recommended. The maximum alowed is typically 15-20% that is really very steep. This is typically just used in parking garage or very tight places
I have not done road planing since university but i done quite a bit of railway planing. TEN-T standard for Railway in Europe is 1.5% for freight. Some specialty railways have as low as 1%. For passenger railways everything from 2.5-4% is pretty common, there is no set standard.
Some places that have not yet been upgraded to TEN-T standard have freight trains at 2.5% or even higher. They typically have to double up the locos
There are older railways that is considerably steeper, even with out rack-gears. Some railroads (typically older once) did have a much steeper grade alowed for a very short distance.
Of cause the vertical curve will be very very flat at higher speed. So at highway speeds the vertical curve is so flat its hardly even noticeable for a bridge.
Anyway, my main point is that they try to make the inclines as short as possible while still adhering to the 6% recommendation. So they try to clip the 6% inclination the second the bridge go over the corner of the pavement below
Post-tension beams dont need a factory.
A provided pumping jack tensions the cables.
I suppose that is cheaper than pretension.
@@Timeister In my area it was always done like you explained in the video.
7.5 meters high bridge and slopes of soil protected with a variety of systems.
@@bozomori2287 That is true. But post-tension beams have a number of drawbacks. The first is that they have to be deeper, quite a bit so.
they are also quite maintenance intensive that you really don´t want on a highway bridge.
If you only have a factory making pre-tention segments day after day, its for sure cheaper to use pre-tention. But if you make sort of a one of, post-tention is for sure cheaper.
A drawback of pre-tention is that they have to be transport in one pice.
Still when you gained the ability to produce and transport say 30-50 meter long pre-tention they are just way superior.
You forgot to add a exit lane when merging off the highway just as you did when merging on.
He did not. He intentionally did not build a deceleration lane, as they are not needed in reality in most situations. The purpose of the extra lane for onramps is to allow traffic to change speed to fit into existing gaps. This is because entering traffic may have vehicles right next to them once they meet the highway. Exiting traffic doesn't have this issue, so the extra lane is only needed to give room to slow down if the exit has a very sharp curve (which the one in the video does not).
th-cam.com/video/z-plyO0fE9M/w-d-xo.htmlsi=wJXlrtjtXfkdaRlg city skylines large intersection with fly over and underpass
Just thought I'd let you know, since your bridge is the same height on both sides of your highway, once you have one side level you can simply use the level terrain tool on the other side to get the exact same height. (referring to time marker 4:36) Makes it a little easier since you don't have to use the shift terrain tool on both sides to raise the terrain to approximately the height of the road. You only need to do that on one side. If that makes sense. On one side use the shift terrain tool to get close to the right height then use the level terrain tool to get the right height. Then using the level terrain tool on the other side to raise the terrain to the same height as the first side.
11:45 still ahve no clue what you did here, I wish you didnt cut off the part and skipped it altogether :( help me understand how to achieve that
Sorry I skipped a couple of seconds because the road was getting all janky. Click and drag towards left or right depending on which direction you want your turning lane to be.
@@Timeister ohh ok thanks I appreciate it! 😎🌠
Also when you upgrade a road you can only turn off snap to zone length and keep snapnto existing geometry to allow three snap positions you can choose when upgrading the road.
There are some rural villages in Austria have diamond interchanges in them. And not to a highway either, but to a country road with 1 lane in each direction.
Thanks man this made a lot of sense and made me go "OHHH that's clever" a bunch. Learned a lot with this banger of a vid.
Nice Video with some good tips. But I've one question: You created a merge lane at the end of your onramps for lane mathematics but no exit lane at the beginning of the offramps. Why? I think it will improve your interchnage having correct lane mathematics on both types of ramps.
Hopefully the turn lanes can be altered to however we want them (unlike relatively early on in CS1) to make pretty effective much less realistic “Constricted” or tight diamond setup…
Y’know, the next best thing to either a SPUI or DDI, where there’s turn lanes on the bridge for both directions… just before when approaching if traffic might be just busy enough…
There are bridges in Texas here that are a little over 5.1 meters on some of the expressway overpasses, so even the ones you did are a little high by standards here in TX :-)
I grew up in dallas and man the service roads are fun to recreate in the game
It’s good practice to remove the straight option for your off ramp as well. The person should be turning left or right, not getting right back on the highway in the same direction they were already going.
One stupid question... Is there really no way to SAVE Interchange? Do I need to do the same process every time? Bro...
Nice video but you forgot to remove the crosswalks or at least where I live there are no crosswalks at an overpass. How long do you think before they allow individual lanes to be switched, I already miss the node tool, lol.
Why arent you using the slope terrain tool for the ramps and overpass? Its that triangle icon on the right of the smooth terrain tool
I'm screaming this at my monitor lol
In my experience the smooth tool works better for small, precise terrain adjustments.
@@Timeister goootcha
This reminds me of CPP when he couldn’t figure out how to use the Slope terrain tool. The way you use soften terrain tool.
I like ur vids keep it up👍... Especially the Rockport series... U certainly have amazing skills.
Also I wanted to ask you something if you don't mind- Are you a pilot?
Now all we really need to hope for is that the people USE the roads correctly... Like good, law-breaking people do!
Inside lane is +5 to +10 MPH over the speed limit, the "fast lane" and "passing lane". The middle lanes are where you linger, when your destination is far away and you are under the age of 75. The outside lane, where exits are, is where you ONLY go if you are a super-cautious driver, afraid of speed, OR you are actually going to exit ahead, soon. Driving under the speed-limit.
Illegal u-turns. Rolling stops through stop-signs. Pushing the yellow light into red as you fly through an intersection. Cross-walks stopping Left-hand traffic, or making it yield, instead of "green", when people are walking across the road. (Isolated from "forward traffic lights", which come next.) All right hand turns being "yield", not forcing them to wait for a light to change. Traffic sensors, so lights shorten if there is NO CARS WAITING. Timing adjustments, by time of day, to let "high traffic through lights longer". Midnight "blinking yield" and "blinking stop", to stop impeding people on roads without traffic. People jay-walking, if there is no traffic and there is no cross-walk available. (Crossing before a cross-walk, if possible.) Cross-walk "timing" adjustments that extend crossing time, each successive time, up to a point. Which resets back to "no crossing", when no-one has hit the button. So larger crowds have more time to cross, if there are more waiting the next light cycle still.
Forced restrictions on "drives" being near an "intersection", which is a standard DOT law, in every country. Cul-de-sacs at terminating roads, because of DOT laws too. No "changing lanes" IN an intersection, because that is the law, in every country, on every road. Yield for emergency vehicles and "pull to the side" to let them pass, where possible. Again a DOT law, that every country has on every road, except walled roads without a median. (Allowing emergency vehicles to run on opposing traffic lanes and control lights in some major advanced cities. Lights that pre-clear traffic along an emergency vehicles path.)
How difficult would it be to raise the median to the bridge height so that you can make an inverted SPUI; where the on and off ramps connect to the highway from the median side of the road?
It would be pretty easy I think. The landscaping tools work really well. You could likely build it with bridges too as roads are way more flexible in CS2.
There is literally a slope terrain tool for a perfect slope rather than the odd mess of a curve the smooth tool creates.
more interchange tutorials please!
In flat Florida and up and down the flat eastern coastal US, the interchanges have walls rather than slopes. Will the new fill and cut work on interchanges or would that be too complicated?
Yeah that would totally work. It would require a bit more terrain modifications after but it wouln't be too complicated!
I'm glad for tutorials like this. How do you raise and lower the roads like that? My game doesn't tell be what the controls are.
Why don't you use the actual slope tool to make the slopes on the ramps?
Is that a better or worse tool?
You could use the slope tool but I found the smooth tool easier
Making a Parclo A4 which we have a lot of here in Ontario would be cool to see.
this is going to be usefull on tuesday
Going to do this. Thanks!
Minimum clearance for an overpass is 16ft or ~5meters not 7.5!!! In some places it can be as low as 13ft 8in.
Did you want to add a third lane leading up to the off ramps?
Perfect 👍
Pretty sure you can just double click the road to adjust a node. Instead of attaching a road like you had to in CS1.
U deserve more views...
Why the re-upload?
How come you use the "soften terrain" tool instead of the "grading" tool to create the slopes on either end of the diamond?
That would work too but personally I find the smooth tool a bit more precise.
now make it diverging 💀💀💀💀🗣🗣🗣🗣
A 10 meter high bridge is unrealistic but landscaping isn’t? Nice to know
Dirt is cheaper than concrete
Hi
hi
big w
More video please 🙏?)
dude. use the slope tool, not the soften tool