Breakthrough for Exomoon Hunting
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 พ.ค. 2024
- Exomoons represent an oustanding challenge in modern astronomy. The quest for their detection has been a topic central to Cool Worlds' mission and methods developed a decade ago have largely guided that effort. But after years of trying, we have been revisiting these methods and have an exciting breakthrough to share with you all - a new hope for finding exomoons.
You can now support our research program and the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University: www.coolworldslab.com/support
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Thank-you to K. Clark, T. Widdowson, D. Smith, S. Hackley, M. Sloan, L. Sanborn, K. Kantor, P. Herman, A. Aganbegyan, C. Bottaccini, D. Brunk, D. Daughaday, S. Fincher, J. Kindred, A. Jones, J. Allen, S. Baldwin, J. Black, S. Brownlee, S. Chaturvedi, D. Denholm, T. Dorais, G. Downton, E. Urrestarazu, G. Fulton, S. Griffiths, P. Halloran, J. Jurcevic, N. Kildal, J. Kobernick, W. Kobernick, V. Kremer, M. Lijoi, S. Loftin, B. Loizides, A. Maslyanchuk, B. Matson, O. Mcintyre, L. Mitchell, A. Pelletier, J. Rivillas, B. Robinson, Z. Star, L. Steely, E. Stefan-Matyus, M. Steven, E. West, B. York, T. Zajonc, P. Gowd, S. Kelsey, P. Kommareddy, C. Wolfred, D. Vennel, E. Dessoi, F. Naeem, F. Rebolledo, H. Laging, J. Falls, J. Adams, M. Gremillion, P. Rutherford, T. Kline, T. Leger, L. Skov, D. Roberts, E. Wilson, I. Baskerville, J. Bassnett, J. Shackleford, M. Undin, M. Kroebel, I. Johnstone, G. Suter, I. Hopcraft, J. Valdes, P. Akrill-Misso, W. Robertson, E. Orman, G. Ingham, D. Hecke, J. Pilloff, T. Bernhard, D. Dianovszki, E. Cook, S. Mass, T. Richards, T. Lancaster, C. Stouffer, G. Benson, A. Vaal, C. Diamantis, J. Wenzel, M. Elliott, M. Wallstab, S. Bialek, B. Thomson, B. Daniluk, B. Bowen & D. Jacobson.
::The new paper is here::
► Kipping, D., 2020, "The Exomoon Corridor: Half of all exomoons exhibit TTV frequencies within a narrow window due to aliasing", MNRAS, 500, 1851: arxiv.org/abs/2012.00764
::References::
► Sartoretti, P. & Schneider, J., 1999, "On the detection of satellites of extrasolar planets with the method of transits", A&AS, 134, 553: aas.aanda.org/articles/aas/ab...
► Kipping, D., 2009, "Transit timing effects due to an exomoon", MNRAS, 392, 181: arxiv.org/abs/0810.2243
► Kipping, D., 2011, "LUNA: An algorithm for generating dynamic planet-moon transits", MNRAS, 416, 689: arxiv.org/abs/1105.3499
► Kipping, D. et al., 2015, "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): V. A Survey of 41 Planetary Candidates for Exomoons", ApJ, 813, 14: arxiv.org/abs/1503.05555
► Teachey, A. & Kipping, D., 2018, "Evidence for a large exomoon orbiting Kepler-1625b", Sci. Adv., 4, eaav1784: arxiv.org/abs/1810.02362
► Martin, D. et al., 2019, "Transits of Inclined Exomoons- Hide and Seek and an Application to Kepler-1625", ApJL, 875, L25: arxiv.org/abs/1901.06366
::Movies clips used::
► Avatar (2009) 20th Century Fox
► The Wolverine (2013) 20th Century Fox
► Another Earth (2011) Fox Searchlight Pictures
► The Imitation Game (2014) The Weinstein Company
► The Prisoners (2013) Warner Bros. Pictures
► Her (2013) Warner Bros. Pictures
► Limitless (2011) Relativity
► The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) New Line Cinema
► Avengers: Endgame (2019) Walt Disney Studios
► The Joker (2019) Warner Bros. Pictures
► Prospect (2018) DUST
::Other video footage used::
See bit.ly/383E14u
::Music::
Music used is licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/..., or with permission from the artist.
► "Arrival" by Joachim Heinrich licensed under a CC Attribution license: joachimheinrich.bandcamp.com
► "Y" by Joachim Heinrich licensed under a CC Attribution license: joachimheinrich.bandcamp.com
► "Cylinder Five" and "Cylinder Two" by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► "Human Nature" by Hill, used with permission from the artist: hillmusic.bandcamp.com/album/...
► "The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow" by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/honor/
► "Fragmented" by Hill, used with permission from the artist: hillmusic.bandcamp.com/album/...
► "Painted Deserts" by Shimmer licensed via SS
► "Cylinder Four" by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► "Waking Up" by Atlas licensed via SS
► "Fusion" by Indive licensed under a CC Attribution license: indive.bandcamp.com
0:00 Prologue
0:55 Context
3:34 Transit Timing Variations
7:32 Transit Duration Variations
11:05 Choices
13:43 The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler
20:53 TTVs Everywhere But Not A Drop To Drink
26:54 Undersampling
34:09 Credits
#Exomoons #CoolWorlds - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Many of you have asked don’t we already know exomoons must be out there based on their abundance in the solar system? To some degree yes but there are many unusual aspects of the solar system so moons could be far rarer in other systems potentially. But moons would be fascinating diverse objects potentially hosting life and so we really want to be able to study these fascinating worlds. Obviously a necessary first step in their study is their detection!
For sure, and if the story of exoplanet detections has taught us anything, it's that the earliest confirmations will be the behemoths that have no current solar system equivalent. On the other hand, this type of detection bias can't be used as the basis of a rational argument for 'rare Earth' or 'rare Sol' hypotheses.
Thank you for this fascinating content ! 👍
...is there a way to support you with single donation/s too? (paypal?)
A question: is it possible to "see" exomoons (visual light) some day? Maybe at least in the near solar systems? (with eELT?) ...or in infrared with JWST?
(or do we have to wait until breakthrough starshot?)
Great work, hope you can continue...
I read about researchers in the Netherlands finding exo planets around red dwarves with radio telescopes by detecting their aurora. It made me wonder if a similar method couldn't be used on large known exo planets to detect possible moons that might interact like Io and Jupiter.
@@DrFuture84 That sounds really sketchy, but I'm no expert on Aurorae. If true, this would have huge implications for nailing down the habitability index of planets in flare-prone M-dwarf systems. Do you remember where you read that?
@@margu4u I hate to tell you this and I realize your query is not aimed in my direction, but I have both bad and good news for you, anyhow.
Breakthrough Starshot will remain hypothetical for a very long time and likely forever. However, your other queries I view in a far more optimistic lens. Oh hell yes, we will absolutely image exoplanetary bodies in the next 1/4 century. And yes, as this is a game of repetitions, their moons will likely not escape our notice, either.
Have you watched Launch Pad Astronomy's video on the solar gravitational lens? He describes a feasible imaging solution I'd never even thought of, and it kind of blew my mind.
Story telling from a passionate and dedicated scientist is what we need more often.
@Trevor Chase you really should consider doing this 😊🙏 A world with more of this sharing of passion can only be a beautiful thing. We don't need any more famous celebrity singers and "reality tv" personalities... We need empassioned, visionaries sharing their minds, to empower and empassion others to pursue their passions whatever they may be. I commend you for even considering this idea, and i sincerely hope you do. Namaste ✌
@Trevor Chase I am subscribing to you. I’m not a smart person. But I am smart enough to know I need to support the smart people in what they do so we can advance as a species
I've subbed as well. The content will find us there. All the best.
Carl Sagan was a legend for this.
Exactly.
This channel is going to be even bigger over the next few years.. High quality content with expertise demonstrated. Funding can also come from private investors, hoping things continue to go from strength to strength
Thanks Yardley 🙏
The channel has endless expansion potential. Just like the universe.
I remember there was a time when the search for exoplanets wasn't taken seriously, that it was assumed it would be too difficult to detect them. I believe it took decades just to get Kepler telescope approved! You could find countless examples where a scientist had an idea, but no one took it seriously until decades later. For example, Alfred Wegener tried to convince others of continental drift, and was ridiculed in his lifetime. True discovery is never easy. More power to you!
Nice. I wish someone finds a habitable exomoon soon!
Well it won't happen unless we start investing!
@@CoolWorldsLab why do you believe kids are still taught in school that the planets revolve around the Sun and not the barycenter?
@@glasshalf3839 Well, the barycenter of a sun and a planet is very often inside the sun anyway.
@@rreagan007The sun travels around it as well... What is the important bit and what is not here?
@@glasshalf3839 I work with 25-35 year olds nighty, and just found out NONE can tell time, or write cursive, or know THE NAMES OF ANY PLANETS EXCEPT MARS! There NOT being taught NOTHING. FIVE couldn't dived 5 Into 20, I kid you not, He, she,she and another he said, " iown know, that's old math"!
SMDHOL!
AMERICA,S FUTURE IN SPACE IS FUCKED!
SORRY, MY OPINION!
Humans can be so terrible. I'm glad you didn't let those people discourage you. It takes a huge amount of energy to push forward, especially when you have little or no support. Your videos are amazing. Thank you for all your effort.
I admire your resolve.
This. Dude is a beast
This is one of my favorite videos of yours (and that's saying something!). I really enjoyed hearing about the trajectory of your career. Thank you for sharing! :)
This channel along with PBS Space Time and Sabine Hossenfelder's channel has to be the best in-depth science channel on youtube
100%!!!!
This channel is in a whole other level though. As close to cutting edge science as we can get on TH-cam.
@@BozoBear1 Yeah, much more indepth, first time I have seen in a TH-cam channel where someone explains the research paper that they have published
watch john michael godier
@@Username-wm9vu thanks, i will check his channel
When you let the beat drop at 30:35, revealing that half of exomoons have a Pttv value between two and four, I felt the beauty of it! And then the followup that only 1% of planetary Pttv values would land in the exomoon range...that was the mic drop.
This is a truly innovative way of discovering likely exomoons by meeting only one criterion, rather than meeting two criteria which tend to fight each other. Amazing!
Thanks I’m very excited too!
Agree completely, brilliant work, and explained in a way I can understand despite no training in this field! Great science communication aided further by genuine passion and excitement.
It is truly amazing how one "moon guy" could restore my faith in humanity.
One of the best stories I heard in a long time, I'm so happy that you could follow your passion thru all that.
This makes me quite sad that I didn't manage to be part of the science World, well I'm dissapointed in me every day, but this hit harder.
I am impressed that you could stay strong against the people that laughed at the work your are passionate about, I can't even walk into a class room with people that just sit and wait till class starts.
You will be literally called the father of exomoon research.
Just like Geoff Marcy is likewise for exoplanets :)
David, I am just amazed about your perseverance. Love the ways you expose your problems and solutions.... very clever :)
It is such a privilege to listen to this kind of research straight from you. You had my attention till the very end, fascinating to listen to your story and your journey down the path less taken, Prof. Kipping.
Time and again we discover that going back to basics (Nyquist in this case) yields valuable insights. It's that Einsteinian childlike curiosity that mines the real gold.
"a little math and a lot of coffee"
ah yes, physics my friends
You only fail when you give up.
You are an inspiration to us all, thank you!
Our "Cool Worlds" host is a game changer. Give it time, the world will come to see. 😃
Once again you have managed to explain something to someone who knows nothing about the physics involved. But you managed to put it in laymen terms. Thank you, and you have my support! I'm ordering a shirt today! I wish you nothing but the best! People like yourself continues to give me hope for humanity! You never give up!
Fantastic content! Cutting-edge astrophysics explained intuitively and with inspiring life lessons.
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. . . with inspiring life lessons . " " "
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The Cool W -- episode about
canals on mars . . . highlights
your viewpoint . . . very - well .
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I so admire your perseverance, passion and willingness to share your discoveries, thank you!!
Undersampling.. You had me grasp my breath there. This is exciting!
I just discovered this channel and this guy is really good.
Ha gayy
This channel is so underappreciated!
I don't think it is mate...There are a lot of us followers, who are hooked to this young and briliant astronomers, and the ranks are growing all the time bigger and bigger.
So sorry I can’t help because I just managed to get myself out of homelessness, but I freaking love what you do, hope you will continue doing this for the next 10 years🙌🏾👌🏾
Thomas Edison: Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. I believe you are the personification of this sentiment, Professor Kipping,- and in doing so you present the inspiration needed for others to pursue their understanding of wonders of the universe. Thank you for making these great videos.
Watched this to help me go to sleep, and ended up more awake and wanting to find exomoons. Love this channel more and more with each upload, keep up the good work!
They laughed at the exoplanet hunters too. They aren't laughing now huh
Kids can mean sometimes.
They're all hanging out on reddit and discord now, the little shits.
@@ThisFinalHandle well stated
@@Baigle1 and wall st got rekt!
Very excited for you David. You are an inspiration.
Inspired, I tend to think being known as the moon guy is quite an accolade, good luck with the hunt.
This is like, Some Anime Back story. Damn Beautiful. You got our support! I love this, we Love this, Know that you Got a huge support on your back even tho it may not seem so. Belive us! we belive in you.
This is really exciting and inspiring. I hope exomoons will soon become a thing and that they will begin getting discovered in the dozens and then we would witness new wonders which we will owe to people like you and your team!
Truly an amazing underdog story and I'm so glad you persevered with it. Your work is absolutely amazing and I look forward to hearing updates to this.
Thank you for sharing your story Prof. Kipping and of course, good luck in your continued hunt for answers of the universe.
I love your story. The passion and determination is what brings our society forward.
I just want to say, THANK YOU. Thank you for all these videos and your incredible work on this exciting subject in the face of adversity. You are a huge inspiration to me and I will always look up to you. Thank you.
Hey David, how did you optimize your software? I can see your github is a bit outdated. Maybe we can rewrite some critical parts to make it work faster?
that is a great idea, I am sure some help from actual IT people would be welcomed
I would also like to volunteer for something like this. I see big potential for introducing Neural Nets and Unsupervised Learning techniques to discover new patterns. You should link to some of your datasets to let people play around with them! Also, fantastic video! Love to see someone so passionate about their work that it makes it truly engaging and entertaining for others to listen to.
I got lost in a noisy thread, sorry to repeat: Moments like this make me grateful to be alive at this point in history. To commemorate, allow me to paraphrase the most famous haiku ever :
An old moon. Far away
a mind watching its seasons
Silent no longer
I know that noisy thread! 😂 That came out of nowhere.
I do think it's good to be alive in this period, we are at the cusps of great final era discoveries and it's exciting.
You are so inspirational. Pushing through something when others thought you were barking up the wrong tree. Wish I had this stick-with-it-ness. Also, what a great story teller you are.
Keep on going moon guy!!! Your dream will come true!!! It makes perfect sense based on our own solar system that Jupiter like planets will have dozens of exomoons!!! It took 80 years for exoplanets to gain popularity!! Love your tenacity.. it is how things get done...wisdom from a 67 year old still kid at heart and loving the possibilities in our universe!!
Congrats Dr. Kipping! Admire you, your efforts, passion and work! Fascinating encouragement!
I know very little about physics. Astronomy is fascinating and Dr. David Kipping is a treasure. I'm hooked! Ronald...... Orlando
Wow! I just watched this whole episode and believe it or not I COMPREHEND a lot of the information being delivered.
Thank you cool worlds.
It's an amazing time to be alive. If greats like Newton and Einstein had TH-cam channels would they be as compelling, as entertaining, as informative, and as charismatic as Dr. Kipping? Unlikely. Thank you, Cool Worlds team!
David, you are such an inspiration, making the Universe look so beautiful, intriguing and yet knowable!! This would be like the momentous finding of 1995 when the 1st hot-Jupiter was discovered. And that name 'moon guy' sounds so cool !!
I appreciate your confidence and determination. Rock on!!
You are an inspiration, I wish you the moon detection you are craving for.
I am currently studying my PhD looking into artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, I feel my research is no where near to how profound and incredibly difficult as yours was but your story invokes hope, it shows that passion will always pave the way to greatness and will always serve to fuel progress.
It’s people like you David that push our human understanding forward. It’s inspiring and wonderful to listen to. You are the moon man and that’s the best compliment you could receive as you push forward where they follow. Long May it continue.
A wonderful story of dedication! Inspiring! Thank you for sharing it and may your funding come full and fast.
This is such amazing work Dr. Kipping, keep up the good work
David is a very comforting fellow.. I used to listen to Segan's voice while working. I can see myself doing the same here. Yet another thoughtful genius to watch and listen to. The production quality is superb.
One thing I really like about this TH-cam channel compared to many other education entertainment channels is that this channel includes many primary research pieces and not just secondary. Fun to see first hand stuff
Awesome work m8, people like you are the real rock stars, the world just doesn't realize it yet.
What an inspiration. Absolutely the best thing I’ve watched on TH-cam. Your story gives me hope in my own life.Thank you for sharing
Thank you for your videos. I can’t help but be pulled in by each and every one of them!
You countered under sampling with over sampling aka. simulating the distribution of the ttv corridor to come up with a constant confidence interval for different underlying distribution. This is really beautiful and tells us something much deeper about the equation that no matter what the underlying distribution the truth lies in that small cute interval. ❤️❤️❤️ This is pure genius. 🙏🙏
Amazing story. What a dedication. Good luck om your endeavours!
Well done David and keep up the good work, you find those moons because one day the next habitable planet... Well it might be a moon. 👍🌎🌙
These videos are the reason why I’m going back to school and pursue my dream of becoming an astronomer. One could only imagine all the limitless possibilities in the vacuum of space, and being able to live in a time where science and technology is exponentially improving, I would be a fool not to join in on the adventure. Thank you, David. Keep up the stellar work, you never know how many people will be inspired to do the same!
A truly dedicated scientist who deserves the best of outcomes in his field and inspires others to make it through dedication and belief in one's self
I could listen to you for hours when you talk about the cooler moon worlds. I think everybody hangs on your lips when you give a lecture.
You a certainly and inspiration and a true genius. You make us more intelligent every time I listen to your beautiful delivery os knowledge.
Thanks so much for the usual high quality presentation, but also sharing a significant part of your personal journey with us. You are right, we all have such forks in our paths
I can't State enough how grateful I am for all that you do. Your trials and tribulations give me great hope. You are one of many scientific fields that I follow and hold dear to my heart. If it wasn't for people like you I wouldn't have much to live for, so for that I thank you from the bottom of my heart. :)
That's awesome David! Your research is fascinating and I am so glad you share it with us in such an entrataining format! I am starting a research career in AI(and maybe computational neuroscience) but I almost feel like I should have gone for astronomy, it just sound so interesting and mesmerising
I'm sure you're familiar with the SETI@home project. Would it be feasible to create similar software to seek exomoon candidates in Internet-accessible datasets?
Great idea Liam. I would lend my CPU to this project any time.
I havent put Seti@Home on my computer for many many years, as cool as it is. I'd chip in too if it was for something like exomoon hunting. Great idea.
I personally think seti is kind of a waste of time given our limited technology. Meti is better but still runs into the same problems. A small, limited and very slow reach.
Until we find a better way of transmitting as well as listening for information and signals.
You have brought my waning interest in astronomy flooding back. Thank you!
just loves hearing your story and your struggles, it is such an inspiration to not give up on your dreams
This videos are great and thank you for posting them
This is very exciting, Good Luck! Success is out there, I know you will find it. The statistics are there.
I'm a 41-year-old single mom working on a Bachelor of Science in general studies, and hearing how you pressed on in spite of obstacles really helps me keep going. I had wanted to get into astronomy, but that didn't work out. I struggle with math and physics, so I've shifted to more down-to-earth studies (geology) where my strengths lie. I'm always inspired when I hear stories like yours. Thanks for sharing!
You're not only motivational, but inspiring as well. Thank you... 👍
Congratulations Professor on your Eureka moment! I hope it will lead to you winning the Nobel Prize.
"When you come to the fork in the road, take it." -- Yogi Berra
Congratulations on the breakthrough David, looking forward to seeing the next few likely candidate moons!
Absolute respect to you ! You make me proud ! Don't give up David.
You will make it, i always believed , Not only planets but even moons around planets can harbour living things. We need to look beyond our comfort zone
More importantly, given all the hot jupiters out there, life may actually be more common on moons
This was an inspiring presentation Professor Kipping, thank you for sharing with us.
Brilliant, David! Congratulations!
man, i understood maybe 20% of this calculation/explanation, but your passion came through so hard, I am rooting for you and the exomoon research!!!!!!!! its so exciting to listen to your videos, i love space so much!!
Thanks again for this wonderful piece of masterpiece...
Congrats Prof. Kipping fantastic news (at last!) you must be over the Exomoon... 🙂👍
Well done, you must be thrilled with all the hard work you have put in. Just remember the work you have done so far has already changed science forever, everything else is a bonus. I'm sure with your enthusiasm and tenacity you're going to make so many more discoveries. Please continue keeping us up to date regularly, it makes me feel involved. Thank you.
Your passion is infectious, I'm a simple photographer, lol, yet you've invigorated my childhood interest in science. Keep on David.
I learn more stuff from TH-cam in 20 minutes than 20 months in school
I absolutely love your channel! Everything about it! Pretty cool to see an old clip of you with Sara Seager, Love her too!😊
I'm thankfull for people like you !!! Your passion en dedication is amazing!! I will support your project!!
Only recently discovered this channel, but I have already become a huge fan. Very informative and well explained content, that is easy to consume for general people. Much needed!
Of all your videos, this is one of my favorites. Fighting against all odds, to achieve goals - very inspirational! Astronomy lessons aside, its a life lesson for all of us. Thanks David.
Absolutely awsome finding!
I have a question about the planet-moon separation assumptions. You tested four different distributions, however i think one of the most common distributions (Gaussian distribution) was not among them. Is there a specific reason for that? What would the TTV distribution look like with this assumption?
Having a dream and chasing it with the potential to fall flat. Respect.
These videos are awesome.
The struggle for funding resonated - I thought I'm the only one getting beaten over and over again. I admire your persistence.
I love listening to this. Thank you for sharing your amazing story. Warms my heart and I hope you find the courage and purpose to keep doing what you love ❤️
🌌One of the best channels👍
Just ordered my shirt ❤️
thanks for your support!
Thank you Prof Kipping. Your work is appreciated
David thank you for this Cool Worlds episode, but not only about explaining on the main topic, but also for your story. As long as we keep trying there is a chance. I will put that on my wall to remind myself avout it every day. Bless you.
What fraction of stars happen to have planets orbiting in a plane that lets us observe transits from Earth?
It depends on the planet’s separation and the stars radius, and equals the latter divided by the former. It’s around 0.5% for the Earth and as high as 10% for hot Jupiters.
@@CoolWorldsLab I'm so fascinated by this. Are exoplanetary ecliptics basically randomly aligned in the galaxy, or do they tend to certain distributions of orientation? (and is that even something we can tell at this point??)
@@ThinklikeTesla ...I would like to think that for a spiral galaxy like our own, or like Andromeda, the angular momentum of the disk galaxy represents the chance that there is a more likely outcome for other solar systems to appear edge on to us. I'd also like to think that gas clouds that became solar systems gained their angular momentum from the plane that the galaxy exhibits. So, less random alignment and more structured with the parent galaxy.
Hey Professor Kipping, how do I donate $5.00 a month? Under the "add gift " button, do i put the quarterly $15.00 or do i put in $5.00? Thanks!
Unfortunately the system only allows for the $15 per quarter option when the donation is $5 / month. This is what I've done, and it works fine.
I love channels like this, made by passionate people within the industry...has the combination of the enthusiasm that you find in channels reporting on the subject, along with the credibility and deeper knowledge of the expert in the area.
I'm sorry I know all these science stuff is amusing but this, your story, your courage and dedication is equally or probably beyond inspiring!