Why Martian Canals Still Matter
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 พ.ค. 2024
- A century ago, many thought Mars was scored by a canal system constructed by an advanced civilization - an idea championed by astronomer Percival Lowell. Why? How did an astronomer come to this conclusion? Today we explore the canal phenomenon and discuss why it's a crucial allegory from history - pertinent now more than ever. Written & presented by Prof David Kipping.
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::References::
► Lowell, P., 1895, "Mars", Houghton, Mifflin and Co., MA
► Lowell, P., 1906, "Mars and Its Canals", The Macmillian Company, NY
► Lowell, P., 1908, "Mars As the Abode of Life", The Macmillian Company, NY
► Sheehan, W., 1997, "Giovanni Schiaparelli: Visions of a colour blind astronomer", JBAA, 107, 11: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/199...
► Lowell, A. L., 1935, "Biography of Percival Lowell", The Macmillian Company, NY
► Dollfus, A., 1909, "The first Pic du Midi photographs of Mars", l'Astronomie, 2009, 27: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/201...
► Sheehan, W., 1988, "Planets and Perception: Telescopic Views and Interpretations, 1609-1909", University of Arizona Press, AZ
► Rosenthal & Fode, 1963, "The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat", Syst. Res., 8, 183: doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830080302
► Evans & Maunder, 1903, "Experiments as to the actuality of the Canals observed on Mars", MNRAS, 63, 488: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/190...
► Van de Kamp, P., 1969, "Alternate dynamical analysis of Barnard's star", AJ, 74, 757: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/196...
► Gatewood & Eichhorn, 1973, "An unsuccessful search for a planetary companion of Barnard's star BD +4 3561", AJ, 78, 769: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/197...
► Bailes, Lyne, & Shemar, 1991, "A planet orbiting the neutron star PSR1829-10", Nature, 352, 311: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/199...
► Bailes, M., Lyne, A. & Shemar, S., 1991, "A planet orbiting the neutron star PSR1829-10", Nature, 352, 311: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/199...
► Wolszczan, A. & Frail, D., 1992, "A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12", Nature, 355, 145: ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/199...
::Music::
Music licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/..., or with permission from the artist
► "A Fog Slowly Lifting" @ 0:00 & 22:34 (unreleased), "My Unbelief" @ 8:13 (app.soundstripe.com/songs/8128), "Fragmented" @ 18:35 (cutt.ly/Il9pUoQ), "Lost in Wandering" @ 28:02 (cutt.ly/Il9t6pP & cutt.ly/Ml9ywSl) are by Hill, with permission by the artist, see: cutt.ly/9l9yOPr, cutt.ly/Wl9yA5J & cutt.ly/5l9yFnc
► "Void" @ 1:40 and "Trace Correction" @ 30:16 are by Indive, licensed under a CC Attribution license: indive.bandcamp.com
► "The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow" @ 3:56, "Stories About the World That Once Was" @ 11:17, "Cylinder Five" @ 15:29 and "Cylinder Six" @ 26:48 are by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: chriszabriskie.com/
► "Painted Deserts" @ 24:55 by Shimmer licensed via SS
::Chapters::
0:00 Prologue
1:40 Perseverance
3:57 The Allure of Aliens
8:13 Lowellian Mars
15:29 Gestalt Reconfiguration
18:35 A-Priori
22:34 Stubborn Heart
26:48 Vigilance
30:16 Credits
Thumbnail by Joe Keller/Daily Paintworks: www.pinterest.com/pin/376121006355076051/
#MartianCanals #AlienMirages #CoolWorlds - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
![ทททททททท #27 [หลุยส์ เค โตมายังไง ณ สระบุรี]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CaKoYw_Xmtg/mqdefault.jpg)
Of course, I forgot to say that if you like this video and its message then please do all the TH-cam things to bump the algorithm (like, share, comment)! Thank you again for watching.
thanks for forgetting it.:-)
Would be interesting to see if it makes any difference.
Youre done now, mate ;)
Absolutely done all the about. Can you point me to any of your content that explains how water arrived on earth?
And if you really liked it, click thumbs-up twice
Let us seek the answers and settle the question this way. - This is what the Public ( which FUNDS science ) wants. Nothing more. Just don't ridicule this field of study and science and we will get more information.
The section on a stubborn heart made me think of Planck's sentiment on the subject, "A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it..."
Wow great quote
Yeah sadly a very true quote regarding human bias. I forget the exact wording but in a book on the glacial lake dam burst floods it discussed about how the hypothesis of J Harlen Bretz for the glacial lake Missoula mega flood hypothesis based off the geological evidence but was met with controversy as catastrophism or the view that there can be sudden catastrophic events in Earths history was against the Uniformatarianism model that geological changes are only gradual. In the closing remark the book said Bretz lived to see his work accepted by the scientific community only because he outlived his opponents. Among humans fixation with age is a real problem with evolutionary origins the shift from what they call fluid intelligence to crystalized intelligence.
In the above it also points out the dangers of oversimplification or reductionism. I the case above geological processes can and do happen slowly but when conditions are right catastrophic changes also occur so neither was completely correct both had been stretched too far.
Given the number of times in science that the final conclusion ends up finding a combination of factors where multiple competing hypothesis turn out to be co-important rather than just one it does become a really dangerous side effect of reductionism. The argument over how many spiral arms the milky way has is another example that comes into mind and there is building evidence that MOND and dark matter might both be needed (or rather that MOND observations arise from the equation of state for dark matter rather than being fundamentally a difference in how gravity works).
Being open minded is hard for people and thus I think we need to design our systems in science to account for that bias.
God help us all if (and probably when) we solve aging
Definitely one of the very best science-related TH-cam channels around. Always look forward to your material.
And John Michael Godier's Event Horizon, Parallax Nick & Issac Arthur ☀️🪐🌠
"I'm, so Glad, before I 'Pass Away', that, I can find a Superior Intellectual Fellow, such as Yourself, that, I at Least More, have Learned More, ... about the ... Universe ... I, Only Wish, I'd Started Sooner in my Understanding of the 'Cosmos' ... Thank You,my Friend !!"
You need to stay in school with this fake news
Same😂
It really is, coolest videos ever...
This is legit one of the only channels that I actually think about during the down time between videos. Content is S+ tier.
Same. Was so stoked when I saw this.
As a 16 year old aspiring astrophysicist, I truly appreciate these videos. I hope to bring a fresh perspective and contribute something to our collective knowledge one day. I also hope that I never become so vain that I am blind to my faults. Thanks :)
✨✨✨
Physics is an exciting and endless adventure. Good luck!
@Supreme that ain’t it
I wish I could be as focused as that! Good luck on your journey to becoming an astrophysicist!
a vision,🤙👍👍
David Kipping addresses a particularly difficult topic of our ages with sensitivity and flair. I know, I have lived for science among the most illustrious, yet have relatives who share in the conspiracy theories, on whom I find myself incapable of any sort of influence. I have found the experience humbling and I grasp around for insights. These are hard to come by. This attempt counts for me as one of the rare helpful gem, passionate and sincere, with echoes in its calm intensity reminding one of the late Carl Sagan.
We take it for granted what NASA accomplished with the two rover landings.. blasting off from earth in one piece, traveling millions and millions of miles to line up just right with another planet which is moving thousands of miles per hour in space, then deploy a parachute, land safely, and be able to communicate back and forth with earth?? that's insane and under appreciated.
And under-funded.
I totally agree
It was easy. Hitting a pink bloon in btd6 is harder than landing a rover on mars.
On that note, how do i beat easymode on medow? I am currently trying with quincy but the pink bloons on round 15 keep leaking.
Great topic!
I hope Perserverance finds alien life.
Btw I recommend wathching these movies on Mars: Mission to Mars, Red Planet and The Last Days on Mars.
The rovers do not have any experiments on them that are capable of actually detecting life.
@@iraniansuperhacker4382 Exactly. 😕
Or the movie Life, which although mostly based on the ISS, its about life brought back from Mars
@@iraniansuperhacker4382 Really? Well, that kinda makes things WAY less interesting... Guess I don't need to waste my time following it then.
Yeah. May the Perserverance finds alien life cuz some people cant wait to say its a nitrogen iceberg or dust bunny hahaha :D
David's science narrative is always so beautifully and elegantly explained! Not only a great scientist himself but perhaps more importantly also a GREAT science communicator! He shares much in the passion of the late Carl Sagan! GREAT SHOW! Please do more!😊👍
Love the video. Percival Lowell may have believed in bunk pseudo-science, but in pursuit of a bogus hypothesis, he built an important observatory that discovered Pluto and expanded the human race's understanding of the universe. Being wrong is the price you pay for occasionally being right - and discoveries sometimes come from unexpected sources with wacky motivations and ideas driving them. We need more Percival Lowells.
The whole landing knitted together was class you could believe it was filmed in real time .
Every video you put out is phenomenally great, thank you Dr. Kipping.
Thank-you Tucker!
Prof. Kipping, your coolest Cool Worlds video yet. Very well presented and edited, you knocked it out of the park!
Thank you! It’s not a topic many channels have discussed but I’ve wanted to make this one for a while
Great editing! That mars landing sequence was epic! The music conveyed the emotion of that landing perfectly.
Those turn of last century observatories and telescopes are quite beautiful to look upon.
*The smoothing voice of sanity* ... love it
Greeting from Australia 🇦🇺
Am I been seduced into education😊
327 thousand subs. Really. That’s all. You sir and your merry people deserve billions more. Ty. This channel is a true gift
Excellent video. The problem with alien hypotheses is that they tend to lead to other hypotheses because people's imagination runs wild, even scientists. Someone once wrote or said we shoud never put an inference after another inference.
Interesting quote, let me know if you find out who that's from
I found the following. Not sure if that's what you meant.
definitions.uslegal.com/i/inference-on-inference-rule/
Inference-on-Inference Rule Law and Legal Definition
Inference on inference rule is a principle that when an inference is based on a fact, that fact must be clearly established and if the existence of such a fact depends upon a prior inference no subsequent inferences can legitimately be based upon it. In short, a presumption based on another presumption cannot be a basis for determining an ultimate fact. This rule was propounded in the case Commercial Credit Corp. v. Varn, 108 So. 2d 638 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1st Dist. 1959) wherein the court held “ in civil cases if the proved circumstances justify an inference pointing to an essential fact which inference outweighs all reasonable inferences to the contrary, it can then be said that a conclusion as to the existence of the ultimate fact is justified by the circumstantial evidence. However, the established rule of evidence is that the court cannot construct a conclusion upon an inference which has been superimposed upon an initial inference supported by circumstantial evidence unless the initial inference can be elevated to the dignity of an established fact because of the presence of no reasonable inference to the contrary.”
Hi Fred! As a non scientist with a greater capacity for imaginative wool gathering than research based inductive gymnastics I’m just wondering if you can expand on this concept to make it clearer what the meaning and implications or drawbacks are? I think I have a general idea but if you hav a minute to clarify I’d appreciate to hear it.
From not-mardon account user in Canada 🇨🇦 dec 23/22
We need a sort of nobel prize for scientists who accept or point out their mistakes.
Maybe a parker nobel prize
Yeah, but it might mean scientists purposely make mistakes just to point them out later
Most excellent video!
Assumptions, preconceived ideas, refusal to accept to believe or even consider evidence to the contrary can only lead to disaster. Not only in science, in every discipline, but also in every aspect of life.
Thank you!
i want avi loeb to raise excitement so we get real momentum for LUVOIR & Arecibo 2.0 on the moon. u want those, right?
Your a very clever man, I really enjoy listening to you and your video productions are great too a special mix of science and philosophy which makes you unique. Please don’t stop. Thanks.
You're best video among dozens of great ones. You're a true servant of truth in times that doesn't appreciate it.
This has been one of my favorite channels to watch on YT for several years now.
Thank you for all your efforts to share your knowledge of science & nature with all of us.🙏🏼
It's always a pleasant surprise to find a new cool world video in my feed!
There's something wrong with my internet, I can't 'Like' this video enough! Dreaming, but always grounded in rigor. Thank you.
Your “dreaming in rigor,” is really eloquent, Bill, and a very accurate comment on David Kipping’s work-both in his lab and interfacing with us. More than usual, this video was extraordinary. It’s like those discursively brilliant, gem-scaled, elemental essays once common in scholarly quarterlies, but not so much in the digital, video-dominated media of these times. I haphazardly collect vintage textbooks from the 1870s through 1940s, because no matter how many advances have supplanted the assertions of those texts, the articles are amazing-utter pleasures of language, turns-of-insight, gorgeous vocabulary and Magellanic sweep. Not so surprising, given the autumnal summation quality of the 19th century, and the good fortune of scientists and academics who worked and wrote contemporary with the likes of Bohr, LeMaitre, Einstein, Oppenheimer, Fleming, Huxley, Vavilov, Ramon Y Cajal, Oparin, Pauling and Crick. Their articulations were often stupefyingly rational and always rhetorically graceful and compellingly moral. The exact powers of delivery that describe Prof. Kipping.
Fyi: "Gestalt" is the german word for "shape".
The "G" is pronounced sharp as in "guard" and the "s" is pronounced like a "sh".
Thanks, German never was my best subject at school!
You also mispronounced sequitur quite badly. Love this and your other videos though!!!
I'm absolutely loving your channel! Just discovered it recently and I've been eating up the videos. I love anything "spacey", but much of the science goes way over my head. I do appreciate how you attempt to break down the science so people such as me can even remotely understand such complicated concepts. I also really appreciate how you always seem to cap off the incredibly interesting science with some profound idea derived from these concepts. Amazing stuff!
I’ve always been on a certain side when it comes to this topic. I’m still passionate about it but you give me both perspectives in a respectful and easy to understand manner every time and I can’t thank you enough. Just discovered your channel a few weeks ago and I’m very happy I did
This is such a great video, so much work put into ot, really hopping more and more people will see it
I loved the Perseverance landing sequence! 🤩
I could feel what the emotion of the entire landing.
That was a killer opening sequence.
Goodness gracious . Thank you . Your voice is like a dart of silk wrapped tranquilizer !
Love it when a new Cool Worlds video drops! Thank you!
Putting the real video parts together with the CGI for the Perseverance landing really does make it more real in a way. What I found the most interesting when I first saw the landing videos was how due to the Martian atmosphere and the temperature of the thrusters, you can't even see any flames coming from the rocket. Which gives it a bit of an alien feel to it really, like you're watching real life science fiction with a mysteriously hovering platform.
I needed this today. Thank you for your amazing content and scientific work. Always with a message and information that needs to be heard.
Fantastic presentation. It always makes my day when you put a new video out. Thanks for bringing these stories to life for us.
Great as usual. Also, the editing using the simulations and real footage from Perseverance is really well done!
This was a great video for explaining how unconscious biases can effect research without it necessarily coming from a malicious place. I love how you really tried to come at this issue with all the nuance required and without becoming dismissive or condescending as can happen so often around disagreements in the sciences. Thank you for taking the time to make this!
Found this great channel two days ago, really enjoy listening to you, professor David !
So weird - I literally just checked this channel a few minutes ago to see if you had uploaded! I sensed a disturbance in the force!
Same here!!
Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video. Many thanks for the posted references.
I found your channel fairly recently and this is my first video, I just wanna say that the production quality is magnificent.
This is a truly amazing documentary, not to mention this is for free.
Simply love every single thing you share. Soothingly brilliant. cheers!
your channel keeps getting better, thank you for doing this. much love
So fun to take this deep dive into the Martian Canals! Thank you! Am writing an audio play based on THE WAR OF THE WORLDS and so have been swimming in the world of Martian lore of the very early 20th century.
Best part of this channel. You can watch people who break down and investigate situation achievements or...... You can watch a scientific member explain it to you. Nothing against others explaining things but it really is hard to explain it better than people who understand it better than a major percentage of all the population
Wow.. You deserve millions of subscriptions and views. This channel deserve so much more than this. Keep up the excellent work! Thank you so much for the great content!
perfect narrator , voice is calming
Very interesting topic, your videos are on point and are narrated very well, keep up the great work!
Fantastic video. I really enjoy your style, and your rock solid arguments. Thanks
The quality of production on these Cool Worlds videos is first-class.
As someone who spent 4 years on "it's probably noise" during my PhD I very much enjoyed these stories.
An outstanding video, not only for its science value, but of how we should all treat each other,
keep an open mind and be strong enough to admit when we're wrong.
The first 4 minutes of this video are among the best on all of TH-cam. That was as inspiring as anything I’ve ever seen on the platform.
I really like the way he explains everything. Very calm voice and easy to follow. Very intelligent, handsome and charismatic aswell. Glad I found this channel.
2:20 That audio was seriously screwing with me, we had a Mars landing, a SpaceX liftoff, and a SpaceX landing going on all at once hahaha
Haha ye I shoved quite a bit of random radio chatter in there for atmospheric effect, sometimes I give myself a little artistic license...
@@CoolWorldsLab I love it :D
@@CoolWorldsLab Good work.. love this channel! 😊👍🏾
I was gonna say the same thing. M1D gave it away. Either way I love this channel as much as I love sn10s backflip to celebrate its landing today. Go Mars!!!!
Take two and call your doctor in the morning...
Head spinning? 😁
What a feat the Perseverance Rover is. Humans worldwide have used way stations to populate the Earth. We couldn't just travel where we wanted so I believe the exploration of the Solar System and then the Milky Way will require using this process. It will take perhaps thousands of years, but this is how long it took us to have the technology to land on Mars in the first place. Bring on the exploration and the advancement of Earth into an intergalactic age! Thanks Cool Worlds and Cool Worlds Lab.
I love the mix of launch audio for effect. great job!
Constantly checking this channel for new content. Thank you!
Such a very well-timed topic for a video! And such an important lesson.
Gotta tell you, Professor Kipping, that the work you and the Cool Worlds crew do, just here on YT, is so valuable, and I appreciate the call to vigilance, vis-a-vis a priori bias.
I look forward to the next offering, as always.
Fantastic content and very well presented, thank you
I love these videos! This man was born to make these gifts of knowledge.
Your videos refill my motivation to keep doing my dissertation on exoplantes. Ty professor Kipping!!
Saw your name in Scientific American. They did a story on exo-moons. Good stuff!
Great and informative video as always!
You and downtherabbithole are my favourite channels
The top notch scientific approach accompanied with poignant music is filling my heart with joy.
Thank you for that!
Search isaac arthur
@@michaelsimmons1430 He is quite cool, but the topics he covers are a little bit too utopian imho.
Nevertheless thx for your recommendation!
Great universal video... very interesting and sophisticated talk. thank you..
Another good video David. You have a soft touch. Keep it up!
Thanks for sharing your thoughts!
That landing montage was well done! The “touchdown” announcement still gets me emotional.
That first minute and 20 seconds I'm thinking, "I hope this is a subtle jab at Avi Loeb."
I Actually felt the same way about the opening of the video. Poor Avi. Lol.
I don't think oumouamua is artificial, but he has the right to argue that it is, and he makes valid points about how much of theoretical physics has no basis in evidence, like string theories, and yet these theoreticians sell plenty of books without being ridiculed. Ultimately, ridiculing people like avi is only going to drive the most passionate and imaginative young scientists out of the field. Nobody benefits from that
@@stevencoardvenice I agree
Thought exactly the same, seems like the whole video has a deeper meaning than the actual title gives!
@@stevencoardvenice No need to feel sorry for Professor Loeb because he crafted a beautiful argument for his hypothesis. in his book. He would have made a great trial attorney. He is incredibly brilliant.
@@emzywillrich7243
The fact is, nobody really knows exactly what oumouamua was, because of its apparent observed anomalous behavior. So this opens the door for people like Avi to offer his own theory
Excellent video. Your students will be proud of you. Great delivery.
I love the way you move between philosophy and science. Magic atmosphere in most of your videos.
this calm narration is way more relaxing then Alan wats or diazepam
This is the most amazing channel I've ever come across. I Look forward to every video. Thank you!
Thanks for watching!
This channel is truly awesome, you have a divine talent in speaking. Especially about space.
You like fake news he all talk
@@michaelvillarreal4202 Lol, okay Mr. Delusional conspiracy theorist. Why don't you present some evidence of that?
@@FitzgeraldStanburyWeissV get a life 🤡
What an insightful videocast this is. I'm a research student in cultural studies, and this is such eye-opening content in terms of how to do research in any field. I think your discussion on the sine qua non of alternative ideas that constantly question the fallibility of one's own viewpoint is fundamental to any progressive and transformative research.
What a stunning view thank you
wow! what an amazingly inspirational man. Honored to witness these videos.
Love your channel and the way you present it like a goodnight story 😊
Very humbling video, definitely a must watch for anyone interested in the sciences.
The Kipping Terrascope. Nice ring to it. I 💗 your videos, it makes me want to be an astrophysics when I grow up.
I remember seeing a video of Arthur C Clarke a few years before he died where he said that he believes there's plants on Mars, referring to some strange geological features and colouring on the surface, images captured by probes.
Amazing as usual. Love it!
My immediate reflection on this enlightening video is that just because Lowell and others even today have been and are misguided, it doesn’t necessarily mean that academe isn’t broken. The anecdote about Lyne and the tacit recognition on the part of his colleagues who applauded his admission is telling: in a reformed academe, saying you got it wrong shouldn’t require that much courage and publishing negative results would garner as much kudos as conforming to the mainstream of opinion.
But I am also only human and this piece did two things to me: it cleared my mind and also moved me to tears.
(PS Edited: I got Lyne‘s name wrong, even after looking it up! 😂)
Incredibly done Sir
Masterfully well done.
You have such a calming way of speaking
Excelent video, excelent editing skills, excelent information. Thank you. Good luck to you and your team :)
Really nice comment. I'd just like to point out "excellent" is spelled with two Ls.
Really not a big deal, but the repetition got to me lol
Much appreciated!
@@Direblade11 :D okay, noted - English is not my native language :)))) And I don´t use excellent often as well :). Thank you for the correction :)
I love this channel and it’s content. Another banger 🔥
Ur analysis is So refreshing,
Bravo good sir, fantastic video on a universally pertinent topic!
Thank you David.
Your videos are some of my favorite on here
This video should have much more views! Excellent.
I'm Glad that, I accidentally found your channel 2 or 3 years ago and immediately subscribed. You should upload videos more often that's my only request.
Professor Samuel L Phelps also popularised the notion of cities, towns etc, on Mars, in his book, World Making, in 1895. A very popular narrative in that era. Wonderful exposition from Professor David, much appreciated by this 80 plus old guy.
Love your videos and channel.
Thank you TH-cam for this awesome content
Glad to see a new video from your channel....Haven't watched it yet...But no doubt it will be 5 Star material...even stellar...no pun intended