The Mechanism of DNA Replication

Mechanism of DNA replication:
Initiation
1. *Unwinding of DNA*: The double helix is unwound by an enzyme called helicase.
2. *Binding of RNA primers*: RNA primers bind to the template strands at specific regions called origins of replication.
Elongation
1. *Synthesis of new DNA strands*: DNA polymerase reads the template strands and matches the incoming nucleotides to the base pairing rules (A-T and G-C).
2. *Extension of the new DNA strands*: DNA polymerase extends the new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end.
Leading Strand Synthesis
1. *Continuous synthesis*: The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction.
Lagging Strand Synthesis
1. *Discontinuous synthesis*: The lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short segments called Okazaki fragments.
2. *RNA primers*: Each Okazaki fragment requires an RNA primer.
Proofreading and Editing
1. *Correction of errors*: DNA polymerase proofreads and edits the new DNA strands to correct any errors.
Ligation
1. *Joining of Okazaki fragments*: DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together to form a continuous strand.
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