What on Earth Was Herrerasaurus?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 พ.ย. 2022
- The early evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of much debate, and one dinosaur in particular has allowed a remarkable glimpse into the early diversification of the group, while also being situated in the centre of a fascinating debate - Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis.
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Amazing to think the time span between Herrerasaurus and T-Rex is 2.5 times longer than between today and T-Rex
Indeed. That's why when people say "Troodons would've evolved into reptilian humanoids if it wasn't for the extinction" I just ask them, if they've been dinosaurs for over 100 million years, why would the last 65 be any different?
Yeah
Wildin
Hell nearly all of the late cretaceous creatures in general are far more closer to us that they are to literally any other Jurassic animal
Father time is undefeated
When I was a child I was obsessed with dinosaurs and knew pretty much everything about them. Now I'm 58 and it seems that the world of dinosaur palaeontology has moved on so far that I now know very little.
New information is constantly being discovered regarding dinosaurs. I’m not exactly sure what the belief was at that time when you were young, but my impression was that they thought all Dinosaurs were reptilian and could roar. Whereas today we now know many species (not all) had feathers and were quite bird-like. I’m sure we will learn a lot more in the years to come yet.
@@jk22222sd Dinosaurs are reptilian, and birds are dinosaurs, so birds are reptiles.
You've got ten years on me but yes your story matches mine. Loved all dinosaur, reptiles and amphibians, now I'm just to busy with life . I've lost track
The first skeleton of Dino was 159 hundred years ago
Time to learn more.
Heterodontosaurus is another dinosaur with a similarly murky phylogenetic history. A video on it would also be nice
I love the heterodontosauridae. They are my favorite family of ornithischians. Especially the genus Tianyulong, because it fossils preserves hundres of filaments meaning that in life it would have been small and very fluffy.
@@alioramus1637 native Chinese speaker here, can’t be too sure without the actual Chinese characters but I do believe that name translates into ‘the dragon with heavenly fluff’, hope the name makes it even better lol
@@yichengao4539 That's a very appropriate name indeed! Thank you.
@YICHEN GAO 天宇龍, unfortunately it is named after the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History where the holotype specimen is kept, so the most accurate English translation would be Tianyu Dragon. I like your translation better though, so I'm going to accept it as my head canon.
As someone who gets all my phylogenetic knowledge from Wikipedia, I've often wondered this question
I’m glad I’m not the only one who does that. Wikipedia my beloved!
@@seabass1428 No you are not the only ones. Wikipedia is a very good place to start some literature research.
And it is NOT FREE to create and maintain either. Have you ever contributed a few dollars/euros/pounds/yuan to it?
It is very worthwhile.
I go to CONSERVapedia for a good laugh every now and then. What a JOKE that is! And then I also go to Rationalwiki for some more laughs... at crazy stuff people believe and the crazy people who believe it!
Isn't the "interwebs" fun?
Same. I owe most of my knowledge of phylogeny to Wikipedia. They might not be entirely accurate, but now in my head I've got a pretty good idea of how Cnidarians led to stem mammals then led to us
@@levansaginashviliskidney8726 tell me about it. I know you're not supposed to 100% trust Wikipedia; but I feel like I could draw a phylogenetic tree of every single branch on the entire animal "kingdom" thanks to them 😅
@@yissibiiyte I find most of the technical topics on wikipedia to be reasonably accurate.
fascinating. the triassic is often overlooked, glad to see some love for that time
Glad to see my favorite rectangle headed goofball getting some love! YEAH HERRERASAURUS!
I thought you were talking about Ben for a moment 😂
I wonder how one says "Rectangle headed goofball" in latin...
Don't talk about Ben like that 😆
@@scottwells8064 Soooo.... when you go to google an type in "Rectangle headed goofball translate to Latin" you end up with "Rectangulum virens goofball" haha So I changed "goofball" to "joker" and got this - "Recto virens scurra!!" I think I quite like that one. =)
Rectangle headed goofball isn't the nicest thing to call Ben...
Science: "What are you?"
Herrerasaurus: "I don't know! You keep confusing me!"
I'm always astounded at these discoveries that sat in a drawer or storage for decades before someone finally noticed what they were. I don't know why, but I always expect science to be better organized than that. If I could go back in time, I'd make it a project to get universities to inventory all their collections, catalog the identifying details, and publish these catalogs once a year in a journal dedicated to this purpose. Or at least once a decade.
Oh man, I think that's actually a fantastic idea... Kinda sketchy though too right It's almost like you're tempting the burglars and thieves haha =) It would definitely get these phenomenal collections to be better researched and studied obviously.... just think of the untold treasures just waiting to be rediscovered in the dusty crypts under the world's great museums =) man oh man oh man, what I'd give to have a few hours to go explore the R.O.M.'s collections in Toronto
@Cat Woods do you know of the Burgess Shale fossil collection? Richard McConnell of the Geological Survey of Canada first discovered this. His finds were explored by paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott in 1907. From these the idea of the "Cambrian Explosion" was developed. So MANY phyla of animals began "suddenly" (geologically speaking).
Trays and trays of unexplored fossils sat in hiding. Several years later people began a closer inspection of them and realized that so many had not had ANY description or an attempt at classification. One fellow one declared, "Not ANOTHER F@@KING Phylum!"
However, in more recent years, these have been re-examined and the number of phyla has been reduced significantly as paleontologists realized that they were doing way too much splitting.
What you suggest is fine... but WHO is going to do it? It is not FREE to do these things. People do need to be paid just so that they can live. Where is that money going to come from? Tax payers money? You will get a LOT of pushback by very influential people who see no advantage in doing what you suggest. Especially those who deny the results of scientific discovery... while at the same time reaping the technological benefits of the discoveries.
@@rickkwitkoski1976 I didn't know that about the Burgess Shale fossils. I said I would do it if I could go back in time before the internet, and I meant I'd make it my life mission. Which is obviously false, because if time travel turned out to be possible, there's a lot more that would need to be figured out (maybe all the fossils would turn out to be planted by me in my time machine 🙂). I hope I'm right to assume that the internet enables better sharing than in the days when fossils were shoved in drawers and forgotten about.
Keep in mind that your average museum or university has tens of thousands of fossils (prepared & not-yet-prepared) and a very limited number of people, work hours & budget to study them. Some digs will yield hundreds of individual bones that need to be properly prepared before studying, and if you've only got the budget to work on, say, a new therapod then anything else goes into storage because you just don't have the resources. It then tends to get left to your least experienced (and unpaid!) students or volunteers to inventory what's not being worked on, and they do their best to correctly ID everything... many of these 'discoveries' are simply misclassified or unidentified specimens that need a specialised eye to pick out.
I spent several weekends helping our mammalogy professor inventory hundreds of individual teeth from a dig, the largest being half the size of your little fingernail. We're talking hundreds of inventory items labelled virtually the same thing, and so damn tiny that you'd need to look at each one under a microscope to identify it. It was certainly an experience!
@@medea27 Thanks for sharing that.
Paleontologists: "It's a new day. Time to find a new way. To classify Herrerasaurus. YAY!"
There's probably as many discoveries to be made in the depths of a museum basement as there are in the field! 😂
Yes. Witness the Charles Walcott collections from the Burgess Shales...
Look it up if you don't know about these. They are from collections of over 100 years ago.
Thank you for a video on that subject! Early dinosaurs are very underrated, and a video on other dinosauromorpha/groups of archsaurs would be a great companion piece to this.
I love that you link your sources not enough channels do this!
The uncredited sculpture in your opening montage appears to be a Stephen Czerkas sculpture - a whole video about the Argentinian Carnian age fauna would be an interesting video that would fit in well with this one
Thank you for bringing attention to Argentine palaeontology! It is really underrated and has produced so much important information about the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
Tenés idea de algún canal de YT que hable sobre dinosaurios (y otros animales prehistoricos) de Argentina?
Estaría bueno tener algún paleontologo/divulgador local al cual seguir.
Not as many as Britain.
The rapid radiation of relatively basal (by Dinosaurian standards) aka 'primitive' Herrerasaurids could have something to do with the Carnian Pluvial Event/Episode (or Carnian Humid Event/Episode) from ~234-232 Ma. They are already rather beautifully advanced in form as compared to numerous other Archosaurs from the Triassic Period, even as far back as 233 Ma. Which is to say, they were already looking pretty developed even by the mid Carnian Age.
However, there had been a considerable propensity for a long time in Palaeontology, for many creatures we'd now consider to be related Archosaurian Dinosauromorphs, rather than true Dinosaurs, to be simply referred to as Dinosaurs. This continued to cause confusion as in reality, no true Dinosaurs were definitively known from before about 225 million years ago, that is, until the likes of Herrerasaurus and Eoraptor came to light. Now we know the Dinosaurs were at least 233 million years old, and likely a few million years at least, older than that. There are more recently claims of South African and Malagasy (Madagascan) fossils to stretch back into the Ladinian Age, and some even claiming Anisian. Which in other words, means Dinosaurs over 240-245 Ma. Which, I do not adhere to.
This seems dubious in my view, as I'd argue true Dinosaurs likely did evolve from Dinosauromorph Archosauromorph Archosaurs, around the early Carnian Age (although I am not going to reject the idea of a Ladinian Age true Dinosaur, it would not necessarily have enough of the diagnostic characteristics of a true Dinosaur, and more likely demonstrate another transition fossil species on the way to something more like a true Dinosaur) For an example of this matter, the Dinosauromorph known as Saltopus, was long considered to be a Dinosaur in many books for years, until it was gradually realised to be slightly too primitive to fit the diagnostic description of one, anatomically.
In a sense, what is attempted in the pursuit of the earliest Dinosaurs, in a taphonomically fraught fossil record, is the search for 'Dinosaur Zero'. And good luck with that; because finding the exact earliest origin point of Dinosaurs, is of course going to be tough. Necessarily, it will be borderline so primitive by Dinosaurian standards, as so to be scarcely discernible from out of a myriad of closely related Dinosauromorph kin and likely direct progenitors.
When and where this happened isn't exactly known, though can be inferred quite reasonably to the Carnian Age in general, though with potential Ladinian Age origins. That said, we have a strong idea that it may have been more likely Dinosaurs evolved first in what was then Southern (or maybe even more accurately South-Western) Pangaea.
Geographical boundaries would have slowed Dinosaur radiation into the Northern Hemisphere as well as there being a range of well-established Archosaurs and Therapsids already there (not to mention various other reptiles and the more ancient Temnospondyl Amphibians) Yes, all of these also lived in the South, though conditions at places like Santa Maria and Ischigualasto (i.e. Carnian Triassic Brazil and Argentina, in Southern Pangaea) were very conducive to the rise of the early Dinosaurs, for whichever reasons.
The significance of the Carnian Pluvial Episode, is that it saw heavier precipitation, and humidity, allowing for plentiful wetland and monsoonal like river systems with sweltering conditions under the Triassic Sun and the Carnian thunder. They were well-watered with abundant river channels and wetlands, giving a very different look to the often considered completely barren Triassic, than has often been realised. It has been more well-understood since the matter came into scientific debate from 1989 onward, and although there is still some dispute on how things happened in more depth, the Carnian Pluvial Episode is still generally considered an important aspect of the potential acceleration of Dinosaur evolution.
Dinosaurs were more water efficient to begin with, and had their classic physical advantage of walking with their limbs aligned beneath their bodies and not in a less energy efficient sprawling gait. During the Carnian, the conditions were very rainy and this may well have made places like Santa Maria, a perfect testbed for the then new Dinosaurs to flourish. Speculatively one might argue that some Dinosaurs had their first starts in places where Dinosaurs could be even more important palaeoecologically. Conditions were still generally hot and dry across the Triassic, with conditions getting much drier again in the Norian Age, though it is possible the Carnian Pluvial Episode helped them in their early days.
Weird thing that this is the dinosaur that to me looks the most like a jp raptor
Yes inded
It really shows how wrong they were xd
I mean, it basically does look like the Jurassic Park raptor, minus the raptor claw. The Velociraptor from the film was closer to the size of a Utahraptor in real life
Deinonychus looks most like it
@@jk22222sd Smaller than utahraptor still
Wait they named it after the rancher?! I would’ve thought they’d name it after themselves, that so nice
I've long looked at this question, because it is one of my favourite dinosaur fossils with the number of its digits alone! Strange that with all we know, we don't really know this. Exciting topic.
One of my favorite Triassic dinosaurs
Except Eorapror, this was the other one I ever knew of
Honestly for me Coelophysis takes the cake but herrerasaurus is a close 2nd with plateosaurus in 3rd
@@Rivers_Cuomo_From_Weezer I knew I missed something 😂 but yes, imo Plateosaurus is very underrated lol
Good to see that AK daddy finally got the recognition he deserves, although, not in the way I thought he would.
You guys are fun to watch, once you get over your initial hesitations. Have as much fun as possible, and resist over-editing out of blooper material.
I'm 66, and love to see your youthful enthusiasm! Ball-cap guy is especially terrific! (Sorry I missed his name) Carry on lads!
Their names are Ben, Douglas and Ollie. Not sure which is "ball cap guy" or what a ball cap even is.
But this video was presented by Ben. 7DOS videos are usually presented mainly by Doug with Ben doing the paleontology section while Ollie usually presents Animal Of The Week (he is also Ben's brother.)
I hope that helps.
Hi Ben, what about a video about ammonites?
It's strange that I learn on the internet more than I ever did in school. As a paleo nerd I found this very fascinating.
Your videos are always fun.
Great job ✨️
Great video. Always enjoy your work.
Cheers
You dedication to teach is very evident by your preparation and presentation! I love a professor/instructor with such enthusiasm so lacking in some classrooms!
Great topic and awesome news. I love this lean setup yet detailed and rich in content
So fascinating! Great job.
It was damn cool, that’s what it was.
This an excellent account; a good summary of most of the arguments.
Thanks for your great work!
I remember reading about this animal some years ago, so your video has been most welcome.
That was a lot deeper dive than I anticipated. That said, I really appreciated it. I think I underestimated the crazy history it has.
Thanks for doing a video about one of my fav Dinosaurs! 🦕 🦖
Thanks for this video. I’ve been curious about this ever since the 2017 paper came out
Thank you. That was informative.
An excellent video, a great example of how the dinosaur research is incomplete and more research is needed, interesting story ✌️♥️🇬🇧
Nice Video, the starts of dino Evolution are really intresting.
Man, Ben has gotten so damn good at this!! Well done, sir!
Great vid! Thank you! I know very little about dinosaur phylogeny. I hear words tossed about but have no idea as to their relationships. This vid was enlightening.
Loved it! ❤
1:04 To me, the Herrerasaurus looks just like the reptilian Velociraptor from Jurassic Park, minus the raptor claw.
Just as we think we have it all figured out!? New evidence and advancements in technology can and will keep our theories and opinions fluid.
Love the content my friend.
Best regards from north eastern Oregon
✌🏼😎🇺🇸
Love this channel
Thank you for the video .
I traveled to the Ichigualasto National park for my birthday this year. It was beautiful, the museum was fun, we got to see the rock formations, a couple of native art and i bought a book about the local wildlife of today and the past.
I hope you do a long form video on new developments in ornithischian phylogenetics!
What i thought was interesting was that within the Isitlschigualasto formation herrasaurus is only present: and rather common in the middle member of the formation. A period distinctive for the climate changing from balmy and warm to being really quite cold (average yearly tempeeture of ~12'C)for a few million years. What is interesting as well i this change seemed to not have at all effected the giant rausuchian apex predators. When the tempretures warmed again the giant rauisuchians kept their place but herrasaurus disappeared.
I'm glad youtube randomly recommended this to me
Great video, my lad.
Damn, you're looking very good today :)
Also great video as usual
Very cool video, ahhh would be amazing to see these creatures in real life
Yay! More videos.
My favourite dinosaur 😍
Come to our museum, The Yorkshire Natural History Museum!
We have the UK (and Europes) first public preperation lab and loads of exciting specimens. We'd be more than happy to give you a tour + more!
I believe you know Kyle?
I now have a new favorite dinosaur, great video!
The display @ 0:25 is from The Field museum in Chicago. I was really excited to see it when I was there this January!
basil dinos around the split between sauropods and therapods are my favorates because of stuff like this, but there is basically NO good videos on the topic nowadays. great to see this, and i would LOVE to see more on similar topics and/or early sauropods/their ancestors in general!
Cool! I enjoy learning about animals and the history of them 🍀🍀🍀
So, Herrerasaurus, are you a theropod or a sauropod?
Herrerasaurus: Yes.
Amazing video.
Believe it or not, i came from jurassic park the game (2011) because this dinosaur seemed so weird to me since i never seen it before, great video by the way👍
Great video can't get enough lessons on prehistoric life also paleoart.
Love these examinations of basal (or maybe less basal) animals. I know nothing about where groups fall in the evolutionary tree so seeing what they are categorized upon is an education.
Having reviewed all the evidence, I believe that Herrerasaurus is, in fact, an animal.
can u cover the ornitischian silessauride lineage controversy? seems like a great follow up to this video
What a beautiful creature.
Great job! a killler look and a killer mind =)
I have loved dinosaurs since I was about 3 or 5 an as I got older my love for these creatures growed.
Okay, I can't be the only one clicking this and really, kinda, hoping that it would be some kind of TRex cousin dual wielding an AK-50 and TOOB.
More seriously, love your content. Been quietly watching it for years now. Keep it coming.
I heard for the first time about herrerasaurus in 1991 reading the a very interesting article about ancient alluvial plain of the world. At that time its position in the philogenetic tree of dinosaurs was so unknowed that some paleontologist collocated it in a special clade of archosaurs
For some reason Argentina seems to have some of the oldest known dinosaurs within its rock formations, like Herrerasaurus and Eoraptor.
Makes one wonder if Dinosaurs first evolved in what is present day Argentina.
The Santa Maria formation in southern Brazil (where Gnathovorax was found) and the Pebbly Arkose formation in Zimbabwe also have some similarly-aged genera like Pampadromaeus, Satunalia and Mbiresaurus
So yeah, it was very likely dinosaurs did first appear around that chunk of Pangea encompassing southern South America and Africa
If you’ve ever played The Isle, you know that the answer to the question ‘what is herrerrasaurus’ is always ‘my sweet sweet gurgle boi’.
This is confusing but I'm here for it!
A Saurus from Herrera right?
That jawline though 😍
When was i kid herrerasaurs were theropods. Now they are basal eusaruichians distinct from theropods and sauropodomorphs. One recent study found them to not even be dinosaurs, instead being the sister lineage to dinosauria. Phylogeny changes all the time with new studies.
Where and were are different words with different meanings.
South America be like:
South America: Wanna see me completely shake up entire orders within Dinosauria and Dinosauria itself?
South America: *Wanna see me do it again?*
Cringe
What o find interesting is some old artwork or Megalosaurus looks very similar to how Herrerasaurus actually is. Its kinda eerie in a way.
Herrerasaurus, the ancestor of all the famous Theropods.
A Spinosurus and a Herrerasaurus walk into a bar...
finally my favourite dino
Herrerasaurus, also known as the AK dinosaur
Where do you find all these neat species? I find it difficult to find any info on obscure species that I do not know about, everything is flooded by the well known dinosaurs. Books, websites, etc.
Quality video
Fun fact: while the Triassic is usually depicted as dry and very hot (because Pangea had lots of desert) the ecosystem that Herrerasaurus and the other animals mentioned was actually pretty chilly due to its high altitude. Makes me reckon they all probably had feathers or fur of some kind.
Any chance for a video on Dryptosaurus?
Spinosaurus : i Am the eldritch dinosaur who broke dinosaur paleonthology
Herrerasaurus : hold my lizard
Maybe they both branches long necks and 2 leg Sharptooth
Wow never thought this thing was that cryptic
I want a full length biographical film on José Bonaparte. He gives vibes.
Paleontologist: We have a new dinosaur, at least we think its a dinosaur, but we don't know what family it belongs to. We're going to name it Herrerasaurus.
Herrerasaurus: *Stamping feet* "I AM a dinosaur and a pretty cute one at that".
50 years later:
Paleontologist 1: It's a therapod.
Paleontologist 2: It's a basal type dinosaur.
Paleontologist 3: It's an early saurischian.
Paleontologst 4: It's an ornithischian.
Herrerasaurus: Keep trying. I'm going to be your worst nightmare mystery.
My last name is Herrera, this is now my favorite dinosaur.
New dinosaur discovered in 2022:
1. Jakapil Kaniukura
2. Daurlong Wangi
3. Transylvanosaurus Platycephalus
4. Daspletosaurus Wilsoni
There was also a paper a few years back that classified Herrerasaurus as a dinosauromorph and put it outside the Dinosaur family tree. However, I believe it has since been heavily criticized.
I always liked Herrerasaurus. Especially with Franco Tempesta's depiction of it in the book _The Ultimate Dinopedia_ , it just was really cool to me. And of course, its position in saurian evolution is really interesting!
I just realized that Herrerasaurus just might be my favorite Triassic dinosaur (or whatever it may turn out to be).
Did anyone think of just asking a Herrerasaurus?
We tried. Left on read.
Wow interesting
I wonder if the rapid changing of Herrerasaurus' position could be used to power a dynamo for some green electricity? 🤔