ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.พ. 2025
- This is the final part of the series, where the p-aminophenol is converted to the acetaminophen.
Using acetic anhydride, the p-aminophenol is going to be acetylated. The reaction is carried out in water at room temperature.
Acetic anhydride does react with water, but it happens slowly. By including an excess of acetic anhydride, we can assure that the acetylation goes to completion.
Procedure (on page 14): goo.gl/2PDLVn
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Nile talks about lab safety: • Chemistry is dangerous.
Audio work: Kyle Gamble (kylegambleaudio@gmail.com)
If anyone wants NileRed beakers, I am selling some at my new online store: www.nilered.ca
As things expand, I'll start selling more glassware and accessories.
NileRed i almost bought the set but shipping doubled the price...great work though!
Hey Nile, i was wondering if u could make a video about singlet oxygen. You could make a
qualitative video...would be the first on TH-cam :D
Sometimes I hate to live in Europe :D
Why does the Acetic anhydride not attack the OH as well as it would making Aspirin 😷
I got a bunch of now red equipment that I made for half the price hit me up and got sum
Yes. Do another one. This was a great series to follow, man! Well done!
will do!
7:50 "I never wanted some high amount of yield".
Estimated a yield of 33% in the beginning :D
He meant high yield wasn't the goal of the exercise
I'd love more longer projects like this!
I suspect that NileRed won't be entering the acetaminophen business.
Congratulations on the successful conclusion of your synthesis.
Your persistence is commendable, and I'm always pleased when nice guys win.
Cool stuff!
As a non-chemist, I'm eagerly anticipating your NMR video - spectroscopy is downright "magical" in what it can reveal, and I'd love to know more about how it works. If you can expand on different types, limitations of each, requirements for the examined material etc. all the better!
Well, solid state NMR (testing solids) has a technique called magic angle spinning....
This was insanely cool. You've really shown how complicated organic chemistry can be.
As for what I'd like to see next, personally, is Chromium Trioxide and then PCC. I love me some oxidizers (the first reaction I did on my own was KMnO4 + H2SO4 + MeOH, EtOH, and any other alcohols I could get my hands on, because life, for me, just isn't exciting if I'm not singing my eyebrows. :)
I'm a student in chemisty (bac) and I truly love your video and some time they teach me new reactions. I want to says thank you and i hope to see more video of you. Puissiez-vous continuer jusqu’à ce que l'aube ne puisse plus se levé.
Man, I had waited too long for the end of this series, I liked it more than the last episode of Sherlock. I love your videos.
Thanks!
Now go the other way!!!! This was an awesome series, coming from a fellow Canuckistanian who has no idea what your talking about most of the time, but is super fascinated by it.
Finally completing this series: wow. Nile you are so interesting and careful to explain things in ways that people can access. I’m so grateful for your work!
You should try making your own acetic anhydride.
I'm a tiny bit disappointed you didn't acetylate using aspirin :)
Loving the final yield, thanks for entertaining someone who understands!
Caffeine total synthesis.
Also great work. Really informative.
Thanks!
Loved the series and all your other videos. Nice to see a channel with in-depth chemistry. Keep up the good work!
Glad you liked it!
Wonderful. I was going to spend the next 90 minutes watching King of Queens reruns that I've seen before. But I decided not tonight. I never knew percent yields were low and see the need for finding new pathways towards product. Great video!!
Start with only elements and make a chocolate cake
Okay, doing that now. brb
@@NileRed well...¿
@NileRed did it happen?
@@pcxo2213He died
this was a great series to follow
whoeveriam0iam14222 same here
Thanks!
Caffeine total synthesis.
Please.
Duly noted. Ill try to make that the next one
jhunkubabu Check lambdasyn on Google
My teacher uses to say, WHY IN THE FUCK WOULD YOU SYNTHETIZE SOMETHING IF A PLANT CAN DO IT!? those same words... It would be interesting, it is fun to make such a complex compound, the rings are beautiful
you know Taxanes? a highly potent cancer-drug, found only in the bark of some rare pacific yew .. it almost got extinct until someone found at-least a partial-synthesis :/
extracting is always better if its cheaper, but thats not always the case
What say, NileRed?
Just an amazing series NileRed, great work! Such detail, so thorough & precise. Really amazing series.
I binge watched the whole thing & watched every youtube commercial that popped up during the session!!
After all of that you barely have enough to cure one of the headaches this project must have caused :P. Loved the series. Thanks for the videos.
I loved this series! Congrats on finishing it up even though it wasn't efficient!
caffeine total synthesis or, cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone. i have been meaning to do the latter reaction for a long time. and the former will be very interesting since it wi.l be a series video like this one. keep up the good work Nile red. a lot of us just cant wait for you to put out a new video everyweek. they always make my day. you have the perfect format for chemistry videos which some people cant seem to quite grasp. love what your doing. cheers to more nike red.
The low yeld, beside the recrystalizations, is probably due to the fact that you used water as solvent: acetic anhydride is notoriusly sensibile to water, being hydrolized to acetic acid. Usually all the acetilation process via acetic anhydride are conducted in a water free environment.
This series needs more views! What a ride!
Hey I do LC-MS as a career. I love your videos and would like to help out in any way possible. Thanks for the continuing education and the wonderful videos. :)
Cool! I might take you up on that offer one day
Please keep doing these amazing videos!! I love your experiments! Who else, like me, after watching NileRed's videos, wants to do his experiments?
Nice video! I really liked this series, I think it is cool to see you use chemicals you have created in previous videos in order to create more complex molecules.
omg is that cute stirr bar again *.*
ikrrr goals :D
ficolas2 I think it's called a Fish
I have been watching your channel for a few days now, im a new sub and it makes me wish i had taken chemistry in school. Loved the series👍
Never did get chemistry, to me it's one of life's great mysteries and although I only understood about 1% of this, and that was only the technical terms not any of the chemistry, I found this absolutely fascinating. Chapeau.
I've been waiting for this. Your videos always entertain me. Thank you for uploading these amazing videos!
I liked this series very much Thank you Nile You are the best
Well done. I had real doubts that you would be able to clean up your product that much, even with several recrystallizations. As A.T. Shulgin once said, "This was, nonetheless (and with the hope that is in the very fiber of a young innocent chemist) pushed on..." He ended up with what we charmingly call an "intractable material" and his synthetic target was never successfully synthesized.
Would love to see the caffeine total synthesis! Great series!
Caffeine for sure for next demonstration. Great material in this series.
*I'd love to see the total synthesis of caffeine please.*
TCPO and nylon!You have promised like years ago about this,as I remembered.
This was a great series. I enjoyed watching the process.
Such a good series. I really liked it man 😊
Nile I love your channel.
Your initial prediction of 34% made me roll my eyes instantly, but even I did not expect you to fall below 1% :D
Math says you need an average yield of 47% to achieve 1% btw
Wow, you can be one bad@$$ mad scientist... But I'll take your Awesome-chemist posts any day of the week n twice on Sundays!
Love your work.!
Caffeine total synthesis seems interesting - at least we can see experimentally how caffeine (that we relies on for everyday boost) looks like and how it's being synthesised out. Thank you for the excellent videos and effort that makes chemistry something adorable! :)
Finally! I have been waiting for this!
Your videos are so well done, love them!
Please make something connected to electrolysis. Also would be great to see a tutorial on making lead dioxide electrodes. Really enjoying your channel, keep up the good work!
if you still have some palladium on carbon you can convert vanillin to zingerone via aldolic condensation and hydrogenation, it would be a really nice synthesis, also you could start from eugenol to show how vanillin is industrially produced!
My vote is for caffeine total synthesis, although I'll watch any of those! Thanks!
Keep up the good work
caffeine total synthesis would be a great series
Hey Nile Red, this was an AMAZING series! I really like the concept and I also feel like you totally nailed it aswell.
Also, thank you SO MUCH for taking the time to purify the paracetamol until it was almost completely white and, furthermore, running an H-NMR to verify the product's identity and purity (at least with respect to organic byproducts); I really appreciated it!
As for what videos you should do; I know it's not on the list, but I think it would be awesome if you could maybe do an exploration of electrochemistry sometime this year... Specifically, I was wondering if it would be possible to produce a volume of water than only contains H2O together with a substantial amount of H3O+ (such as 0.1M or maybe even 1M, without any 'counter ions'). For instance, we know that the electrolysis of pure water produces an acidic environment at the anode and a basic solution at the cathode; so I was wondering if one could use an apperatus consisting of 2 non-conductive containers, each containing an unreactive electrode, which are connected through a relatively narrow, non-conductive tube that has a non-conductive shut-off valve at the center. Then one could simply ramp up the voltage to compensate for the developing overpotential and once the power supply reaches its limit, you could then close the valve, discard the basic catholyte and replace it with either some new, pure water (or perhaps even with half of the acidic anolyte solution)and finally open the valve again and repeat the procedure... Does this sound even reasonably possible, or am I just being stupid again? 😅
Some cool ideas would be going back to inorganic chemistry, I find organic stuff a bit dry at times.
Maybe nanopartcles and some electrochemistry stuff.
Gratz on 100k!
It's funny because I am the total opposite. I find that org is lively and inorg can be more dry
NileRed It's a great subject but it's often a bit 'unspectacular' for videos. ;)
organic is nice, if not for the long waiting sometimes, like 6h mixing for example :D
NileRed Thinking about it, you could do the organic dyes if you've not already. Visually cool and relevant to lots of other chemistry.
From the future videos list I'm voting for "+ a lot more"!
good job! nice to see this complete! I love your work! keep it up
I would love to see either the Caffine or the Nylon one next :) I love watching your videos
Loved the series NR. My vote for next potential synthesis series is a Methylxanthine alkaloid, although not the Caffeine everyone else seems to want. My vote is for
8-Chlorotheophylline, much milder stimulant than 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine(generally referred to as "caffeine" by the uncultured savages, ;-P)
They only differ by 1 C, 3 H, and 1 CL; and I wonder how much easier or harder that will make the synth, also it's a fairly common additive for reducing drowsiness in OTC anti-emetics that most people are simply unaware of.
Are you going to be doing a 100,000 subscriber special? That's a pretty big milestone, it makes one of the biggest chemistry channels on TH-cam, second only to Nurdrage.
For a suggestion on a multi-step synthesis, how about epinephrine? It would be very difficult (using the 1904 method at least) and would take some very dangerous stuff, but it might be possible for the amateur. Only if you have/can get/can make phosphorus trichloride or phosphoryl chloride though. Perhaps a more modern pathway is better.
it's really funny that someone looked at his aspirin tablets and think "as paracetamol you 'll be so mich better" and turn the stuff into paracetamol. i find that funny/interesting and overhaul it was great !
(tips :to improve your yeld use virgin sacrifice as catalist at any given step 66% more % yeld guaranted !)
I think making basic silicone fluids would make a good series with a lot of jumping off points for making other silicon-based materials
hmm interesting
Also, adding activated carbon to your refluxing solvent might have discoloured it enough the 1st or 2nd recrystallisation. I'm a huge fan of recrystallisation and I hate running columns but they usually are terrible for your yield.
I also think your product contains a huge amount of water unless your DMSO-d6 was extremely wet, so your actual yield might be even lower.
I love your video's, keep it up!
Hey nile^^ I loved this series. I'd like you to make another one where you synthesise an indole. I know you already did skatole but I think you know some more indoles that have a multistep synthesis which would fit in a new series ;) Keep up the nice work
Congrats Nile! To complete your first six-stage synthesis to the final product is a big achievement despite of the yield. This indicates that your skill matures. But I think you have to invest into proper glassware for working with small quantities. I bet your supersized funnel with porous filter contributed big time to your 18% yield. Are you acquainted with the techniques of micro scale synthesis by the way? If not I suggest you to. It could help you to reduce losses on the last recrystallization stage.
Had to smile a bit at the choice of your ppm range ;)
..skipped the 1.5 ppm peak? :P
But very nice videos - love watching these! Keep up the good work!
As a proposal why not try the Fremy's salt synthesis and oxidation of phenol to p-benzoquinone. Nice colorful chemistry although the prepartion of the salt is quite tedious!
Hey! Can you extract Pelargonic Acid from potatoes or orange flesh next?
By the way, keep up the good work on your channel, I've been bingewatching all your videos.
Nilered could you do the nitrous oxide video and the caffeine complete synthesis?
I would love to see some really complex synthesis, like vitamin B-12.
I'd love to see you attempt a strychnine synthesis at some point, if that's possible.
ohhhhhhhh yeah that's the stuff. finally... TO COMPLETION! thank you!
Hello Nilered, will you show us how to purify gold that is heavily contaminated with other metals?
drvelocci please stop spamming - nobody cares about your channel, and spamming pretty much guarantees that they won't check it out.
You've already posted this crap several times in this comment section. I'd encourage everyone to report you to TH-cam, as I did.
You can also reduce Vanillin Oxime using Pd/C , NaOH,NaBH4 to turn it into vanillin amime
He said it didn't work for him...
I didn't know that
where did he mention it
No dislikes at all. Well played
Can you prepare a polymer reaction, like nylon. Also I wish you did a pen and paper video where you explain the theory behind the reactions in a more educational way. I really think your videos are fantastic open source chemistry. Thankyou for making them.
Very interesting to see this series unfold! Thanks for making it! I vote you make nitrous oxide.
Hey, great videos!! Keep them coming!!
Total synthesis of a simple natural product
Awesome work mate! //Happy subscriber!
Great series, Thanks. Cheers, Mark
If nile did this whole series in one video, it would be 1 hour 20 minutes 55 seconds long
Caffeine total synthesis would be amazing for the next series, but it would be really interesting to see something involving heavy elements like lead or bismuth or even uranium dioxide synthesis (probably not happening tho for obvious reasons, but it would be pretty rad).
Thnx alot... I really appreciate your effords...hopping to see sulfur trioxide SO3 video...
Could you potentially do a video on a TCCA oxidation of an amino acid? This produces nitriles in good yield similar to NBS, but this is OTC and the cyanuric acid byproduct can be filtered off.
Another idea would be to make useful chemicals from cooking oil or some other common household foodstuff. Since you are planning to eventually make nonivamide, you will eventually need pellargonic acid. Conveniently, this is made industrially by ozonolysis of oleic acid. It might be interesting to extract oleic acid from sunflower oil, and then break the double bond with something like potassium permanganate. Other ideas would be levulinic acid from sugar and thalidomide from MSG.
You could also repeat the acetic anhydride synthesis of chemplayer via acetyl chloride which can be made from acetonitrile and hydrogen chloride gas.
you can help out your yield if you don't expose the acetic anhydride to air. the acetyl addition is a high yielding reaction if done in dry conditions.
Making acetone from isopropyl alcohol with permanganate as an oxidizer.
Could you maybe show some syntheses of organic dyes ? would make for nice visuals for sure =)
this was awesome, please do more like this.
Sulphur trioxide or nitrous oxide please and yes the series is complete, congrats 😤 for it.... but sorry for your bad yield ....
See if you can do an enantioselective reaction. Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction might be an option since proline should be easy to obtain in enantiomerically pure form. This would be coolest if you could get a friend to test the e.e. for you or if you could use some sort of chiral resolution to separate your isomers.
Great series!
Maybe you could do lidocaine total synthesys for next video series :)
For next video to film, SO3 seems nice ;)
nice video (as always). is it possible for you to do a synthesis with column chromatography as prufication method? it's the most common method in organic synthesis and i'm missing it a little bit (although i'm doing them every day....sounds stupid i know)
Could you do a household chemistry series? Or glassware tutorial!
Nitrous oxide, uracil and caffeine synthesis sound interesting :)
Some suggestions Nile, try doing the carbylamine test, benzene Diazonium chloride coupling reaction with phenol and aniline, please.
Can you do a series on synthesizing organic material starting from the elements themselves? Elemental carbon, hydrogen etc.
Like what kind of molecules? Starting with carbon is hard. You can burn it to CO2 I guess and then carboxylate something with it.
I just read up on abiogenesis and thought going from inorganic to organic would be interesting. Something like urea for example.
very nice series!
please, please, PLEASE do more videos of this kind
this is one of your best kind of video makings
could you do a series where u make a pure form of all of the elements
I'd like to see a Jone's oxidation. Perhaps the oxidation of 2-propanol to form propanone; hell you've made it from egg shells before. Doesn't matter if you make that or something else be it a carboxylic acid or a different ketone. The acetone synthesis would just be an inexpensive one that uses reagents most people could easily obtain (the chromium salt being the hardest). Plus, you're always going to have a use for acetone, though I tend to find the walmart addition mechanism more cost effective.
caffeine total synthesis sounds exciting. Btw: I wanted to ask what kind of degree you have, because you sometimes say some chemicals were tough to get. For example the acetic anhydride is 36,50€ per liter where I live, all that is necessary is a paper evidence that you have the necessary knowledge in handling the respective chemicals. I don't know though, if it is just because of the drug control thing you mentioned. As always thank you for your content =)
Felixkeeg, Nile has said before he has a B.Sc. in Biochemistry.
+Humberto Castro
Ahh, thank you!
Felixkeeg h
Great Video :) can you do a Synthesis of azidoazide azide (C2N14)?