A Brief History of Greek Colonisation
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
- Welcome to the fourth episode of the Odysseus History collaboration, in this episode we will have a general look at the Greek Archaic Age of discovery and colonisation.
Check out the rest of the playlist: • Operation Odysseus
Discord: / discord
Sources:
Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War
Pausanias, Description of Greece
Herodotus, Histories I, II & III
J. Boardman, The Greeks Overseas
Guys please check out the other videos in the playlist! #OperationOdysseus
th-cam.com/play/PLDb22nlVXGgd2rdNu1C44t-hoYXA9bL2M.html
Who settled the places in the west, like Massalia?
@@nathanaelsallhageriksson1719 That was the Phocian Greeks from Anatolia. Unfortunately Archaia Istoria doesn't cover that at all, the Greek settlement of southern Gaul and for that matter eastern Iberia.
I suggest you put a graphical time line during the full duration of the videos, as a reference. It will clear things up.
@@pnyts I usually have the date put in the bottom corner in my Philip II videos.
Archaia Istoria what about Marrsalia
I'll make a follow up to this video on the Western Mediterranean colonies and the early history of Magna Graecia for you guys since there's a real demand.
When is that gonna come out
@raspoutin I doubt he is going to give a straigh answer judging on how
he shows the ancient map at 0: 21!
This guy clearly seperates Macedonians from Greece,he goes as far as to
consider them as something diferent than a Greek city state!
Policaly correct maybe?
Communists dictated our present back then
when all that started thanks to TITO!
I liked that you also talked about mainland Greece but I'd also like to see more about Epirus and Macedonia which at the time weren't so important but still
Archaia Istoria
It is a bit ridiculous you cut out half of Hellas! I’m not sure if you’re trying to be politically correct so as not to conjure the anger of the Vardaskan/North Macedonian Nationalists.
Did you know that?:
* There was no ethnicity called ‘Macedonian’ under Ottoman occupation. The identity only really took off after the textbooks were changed and an irredentist movement was developed by Joseph Tito.
* The newly called North Macedonian was actually called ‘Vardaska’ or ‘Vardar Banovina’, not ‘Macedonia’.
* The so-called Macedonian language is actually a dialect of Bulgarian.
* Slavs didn’t arrive in the Balkans until the 6th century AD.
* Until the 6th Century AD, the Balkans was actually very genetically homogeneous from Greece/Hellas to Dacia, being mainly EEF genetically (Early European Farmers).
* Ancient Macedonian geography (before the time of Phillip II) was 100% located in Modern day Greece. No part of Ancient Hellenic Macedonia before Phillip II’s expansion was ever located in what is now ‘North Macedonia’/FYROM. The Historical Capital of Macedonia is Aigai (Vergina)/Pella, which is located in Greece not Vardaska. Only during Roman times did the Romans change the contiguous area of what they would call ‘Macedonia’, which only then encompassed what is now the modern boarders of Vardaska/North Macedonia.
* Original ethic Macedonians spoke a dialect of Greek (just like the Spartans, as an example). Alexander III (The Great) would be the one to create a uniform Hellenic language called Koiné Greek.
* Ancient Macedonians most importantly considered themselves Genetically Hellenic, claiming decency from the Argives, some of the original Hellenes!
* Ancient Macedonians had a Hellenic culture and practiced Hellenic customs.
* The Ancient Macedonians were able to prove their Hellenic decent and compete in the Olympic Games in 504BC, a competition strictly reserved for Hellenic/Greek men only. In 504BC, it was the first time the Macedonians wanted to be included in the games, and they were allowed.
* The Ancient Macedonians used pan Hellenic symbols like the Vergina Sun, that were used throughout Hellas extensively, in Hellenic art from the Archaic period through to the Classical and Hellenistic epochs.
* There were groups around the area of Macedonia called the Illyrians and Thracians. Those groups knew who they were and never claimed to be Hellenic, nor did they adopt the Hellenic language, cultural practices, customs, religion, philosophies, arts or Sciences. But the Macedonians did claim to be Greek/Hellenic even though according to some Vardaskan nationalists, they were ethically different and spoke a different language called Macedonian... Even though the Balkans was Genetically pretty much the same before the 6th century AD; and there is no record of this ‘Macedonian’ language, only Hellenic has been discovered.
The only major thing that made the Macedonians unique, and to some extent culturally non-Hellenic, was in terms of their government, and a few customs like they drunk wine straight.
Understanding the Zeitgeist of that time period is important, because during that time, be a civilized Hellene one needed to live in a Polis with ideally a democracy; but one could have an Oligarchy or Aristocracy too. Tyrannies were frowned upon but were still tolerated in some respects. A feudal monarchy at that time was ‘seen’ as a barbarian form of political government, which Macedon did have. The ones who most often labeled Macedonians non-Hellenes were the Athenian elite, who were quite snobby and centered their world and identity around their democracy, even when it deteriorated.
However, what the Hellenes of the Classical era forgot was that their ancestors, the Mycenaeans, did have Kings and likely Monarchies. The Mycenaeans also originated from the area where the Macedonians were from. According to Herodotus, the Macedonians were the first to call themselves 'Hellenes’ (later applied to all Greeks) and who gave the land their name. So in an area where the original Hellenes (the Mycenaeans) came from, existed a people who had old habits just like the Mycenaeans... Interesting wouldn’t you say?
The Macedonians:
*Wrote in Hellenic and Spoke a dialect of Greek (just like all the others). Alexander the Great was the one who created the unified Koinē Greek language that we still speak today (with some Byzantine editions)!
*They worshipped Hellenic Gods
*They had an Hellenic Culture, Symbols, Education and identity!
*Importantly, they identified themselves as ethically/Genetically Hellene/Greek (by our own modern standards, they could be considered Hellenic Ultra/Ethno-Nationalists)! They stated they were Homeric Hellenes who were descendants of Heracles and the people of Argos.
*They identified other Hellenes as brothers and considered the fighting of one another as regrettable. Alexander III (Alexander the Great) unified the Hellenes and stated he was a Hellene very proudly, and that he gathered his brothers (Hellenes) and unified them to attack their long-time enemies, the Persians.
*Importantly, they were acknowledged as Hellenes and were able to compete in the Pan-Hellenic Games/Olympics, which was ‘strictly’ for Hellenic Men only!... Until the Roman times when the emperor coerced the Greeks to change that rule so they could compete.
There is no definitive proof to show Macedonians as non-Hellenes, just the hearsay of warring/antagonistic Hellenic city states. They tick almost every box (except for their political structure, and a few unique customs) for being Hellene.
So because of all these factors, the overwhelming majority of Historians consider the Macedonians to be Hellenic/Greek! Like I said before, they created the cohesive modern Greek language after all!
So I have to ask... Is the reason why you left out Northern Greece because you are Vardaskan/Bulgarian/North Macedonian? I would hope you have learned about Tito’s constructed Macedonian identity...
If not, here is a source:
www.globalresearch.ca/the-slavo-macedonians-as-a-tool-for-the-creation-of-titos-greater-yugoslavia/5643354
By: Dr. Vladislav B. Sotirović
I certainly hope so. What about Greek colonies in modern Spain and France?
Love the channel man! If it interests you, I feel a good follow up video for this could involve the greek settlements in modern day southern France such as Massalia and other smaller ones and if im not mistaken even Iberia and corsica to some extent
Thanks. Well good news then, that’s exactly what is currently in the works. Hopefully before the end of the year
@@ArchaiaHistoria Very cool! I appreciate the reply and best of luck to you and the channel!
Okay but, you don't really answer *why* they turned to colonisation as a whole. Sparta only colonised to displace its Messenian helots, yet the reason for the other majority of states going through the colonisation process was more due to a steady decline in available land and resources.
James Parrott I’m covering that later in another video
Great video man. However I have one critique. The name of the ancient Sicilian city as well as the modern city in New York state is Syracuse, not Syracruse. It is pronounced See-rah-cyooss.
The Dardanelles are the strait. The Hellespont is the sea between the Dardanelles and the Bosporus. The Black Sea was called “Inhospitable” because its peoples would kill foreigners. When trades were established, it was renamed “Hospitable”.
Great video, there are many events i completely ignored
Absolutely Love it!
This is excellent
Зашто не кренете из почетка, од досељавања Грка из Египта ?
Шта кењаш?
I wonder about previous inhabitants of the settled areas. Who were they? How densely populated was Sicily or Italy before Greeks came? On what level of civilisation were they?
The people in Sicily were the Sicels, for which we named the island for. The Sicels were rather primitive tribesmen in comparison to the Greeks. However they fit quite well into the Greek societies there as slaves and the bottom class. As bad as that sounds, however that is how society was like and that is how you interpret history.
The natives on the mainland were less tame and the Sicals were particularly resilient to the Greeks and had a few uprising if I remember correctly.
Oh, so they were mostly incorporated into society as slaves. Did they have iron? What haplogroup they might have been closest to? Even barbarian tribes of north Europe mostly advanced through contact with Romans, right? So I'm curious how primitive they might have been at 700bc. If they were so few and weak in technology and culture that small Greek group of colonists totally dominated them and was able to populate the area so much denser, it must have been substantial. Just trying to fill gaps in my understanding of how Europe deceloped.
@@Mbeluba
The events in this video take place after sth we call the "Bronze Age Collapse".
What happened exactly is for debate, but long story short, there were these "Sea Peoples" that ... well... were pirates... that managed to bring down whole Empires.
So as it happens the coastal settlements throughout the mediterranean were abandoned and people seeked refuge inland. (With the exception of Egypt ofcourse, but that is complicated.). The exact same thing happened during medieval times.
The first two civs to get past that catastrophe were the "Phoenicians" and the "Greeks". So when they started their respective colonizations they were settling in coastal sites that were abandoned for centuries! They found little to no resistance on doing so. Often times they were welcome to do so as they bore gifts (well... pun intended) and reinstated commerce.
@@ArchaiaHistoria Well "slaves" is a harsh term. Serfs is more accurate. You needed to lose on a battle to be enslaved by Greek customs and even then slavery had nothing to do with the term as we knw it today. For example, with the exception of Sparta, a slave could summon his master to a court of law for various reasons.
You killed it man, great video
On one hand thanks, on the other Spongebob is king
Phoncians settled no large landmass .they had more citys in north Africa with only 2 in the levant.
Phoenicians also settled Thasos, were present in the Black Sea and their colony of Carthage was a huge influence in the western Mediterranean so I wouldn’t completely discount them.
Fantastic video man! You explained this complex subject really well. Cyrene is really interesting.
@@absolutn2059 .?
Another matter you should take under serious consideration is that he utilizes trolling robots. You can very easily find out that the thing you talk to is not human...lol...it is on line on a 24 hour basis piuking propaganda lies. If you present them with facts they cannot disprove .They ignore your questions and keep on repeating the same irrelevant stuff they have being programmed to say. If you challenge them further then they delete your questions and report your profile. It is always the same fake profiles making those endless dicussions only among themselves----some of them even posing as Greek---and ignoring you completely. If you do not know what they are, you could be fooled for a while thinking they are autistic humans. But once you know the truth you can easily spot them. Computer generated algorithms cannot immitate human thought pattern and reaction..lol .
I see the same bot trolls commenting here as well...so it's most probably his own channel as well under a different name.
@@rusty_juice_tin indeed
SyracRuse? My ears are bleeding.
SyracRuse bothered you and Mykeneans did not?
@@tozapeloda77 It does NOT matter what the Greek pronunciation is. The correct spelling and pronunciation is the one that is in common use. For example, the people from Germany are Germans, but Germans call their country Deutschland.
@@kraigthorne
Wrong way round. The correct way is how the name is originally pronounced, not how it is COMMONLY pronounced.
@@georgemangco2526 What ignorant twat told you that?
@@kraigthorne what is common for you probably for me maybe it isn't
Did you intentionally leave the whole western mediterenean out of it?
What about Antipolis(Antibes) or Olbia (in Sardinia) and Alalia (in Corsica) or even Emporion (Ampurias)
And you should at least have mentioned Massalia (Marseille)
I'm glad you picked up on that. My reason is really two fold for not going into the western Mediterranean all that much.
A) The video was already 20 minutes with my finished script. The original was version was actual 20 minutes long and that was just me getting into the Asiatic Greeks in Anatolia and the Near East so giving a general history required I make a video only focusing in one half.
B) In lieu of me shifting my focus I decided to just cover the Archaic Greek era of colonisation, since that was the bulk of expansion into Magna Graecia, the Black Sea and the Near Eastern Emporiums. Most of the western Mediterranean colonisation happened just on the tail end of the Archaic era. Phokaea would only go to Massalia because everywhere else was taken and the Persians had taken their polis. So even the foundation city was outside the reach of the area I was covering.
However I might cover the western holdings in its own video when I start getting into Sicilian history.
Giorgos, it's too much. Only on delian league if i remember correctly participated 2000 city states, even this video said more than our history books and i am amazed you know about Massalia. There are also many theories as to why dorians used orichalcum and where they got it from, inciting that there might be greek colonies in the atlantic part of europe up to england where orichalcum came from. Or the island in Feroe named Myceneas. There were also parts of south africa that were colonized later on.The only thing I found weird is that they were afraid to sail to pontus, since Minoan ships were the largest the world had ever seen ~1000 years before their arrival, i would expect a sail to pontus a bike ride.
@@nermainmerl3284 That is exactlry what I was talking about.
Massalia is not "too much". It does not fall in the sphere of "speculations" as some random artifacts and some out of place names. There are historical records and findings. Heck, there is a sign in the port of Marseille that the modern day people dedicated to the city's Greek founders.
This city rivaled Syracuse. The Massilians founded over 10 colonies themselves. And the "Provincia Romana" (Marseille ,Antib, Nice etc) kick started the Roman ambitions of world domination.
also Barkalona (Barcelona), the land of the ships.
@@RoderickVI I thought the name Barcelona came from Hannibal Barca???
Wtf Greeks everywhere lol
hahaha "Phillip O's...now with less fat"
Epimetheus Glad someone picked up on that!
😂 😂
Lol 😂:)
@@ArchaiaHistoria please do one on greek colonies in india ie punjab the land of dioynuses
This would make for an awesome scenario in a Civilization game. Start as one of the four Greek cultures and colonize your way around the eastern Mediterranean.
You just know one guy would sneak in playing as England and just spam ship of the line
You will be able to do it to a degree in imperator rome but it's 300bc so I guess it would be a new wave of colonisation
I actually made a map of the mediterranean for that purpose although I didn't setup a scenario
would be better on TW, but the fantasy idiots and romance/mythology idiots are just too happy to spend money on infantilising content.
Marseille & Nice (France) and Valencia (Spain) were also Greek colonies. The pillars of Hercules (Gibraltar) leading to Atlantis were also mentioned by Plato.
Denia was Hemeroskopeion.
How dare you call yourself archaia istoria when you depict it so falsely? Macedonia and Epirus were Greek!
¯\_(ツ)_/¯
@jorgan Kharn Modern Greece as a nation-state was created in 1821. But the Greek nation has existed since antiquity, even though it wasn't a single unified state called Greece. It's like saying that the Kurdish ethnicity doesn't exist just because there's no sovereign nation-state of Kurdia/Kurdistan
It might not be related to this playlist.
But Bactria (Afganistan) actually had a Greek kingdom at one point.
I do plan on covering the Hellenistic kingdoms at some point but my mate Kings and Generals did a great video on it last week.
+@@ArchaiaHistoria Yeah, just wanted to point it out given that you mainly just listed the (more or less) costal settlements.
Greeks from the anatolian ioanic colonies who rebelled against the Persians, were forcibly deported to Bactria by the Shah as a punishment. When Alexander the Great conquered the Persians and campaigned further east against their eastern satrapies in South Asia, he was surprised to find Greek communities already existing in Bactria from the Ionian deportees, his generals settled in Bactria and formed what would later become the graeco Bactrian Kingdom.
The Greek Bactrian Kingdom was formed under much different circumstances than the colonies formed by the Greeks in the archaic period.
Macedonia and Epirus though not city states were still Greek
Kaly lmaoooo are you stupid or are you dumb?!🤣 open a history book. The Greek City states and regions were all referred to as their names because they were independent from one another. (Athens, Sparta, Ionia, MACEDONIA, Epirus, hellenized Thrace, etc) but they were all united under Greek identity. Easiest example and proof of that is the Olympic Games. Non Greeks were not allowed to compete. So how did Alexander the great compete? Oh wait. HE WAS GREEK. Why did he speak Greek? Why was everything written in Greek? Why did he spread Hellenism and start the Hellenistic era? HE WAS GREEK. Just because a country of Bulgarians formed in 1991 is situated in the geographical region of Macedonia doesn’t mean they get claims to the Ancient Greek history and some Bulgarian history. Greeks had control of that region for centuries until the ottomans came and borders were fluid. There is no such thing as Slavic Macedonians. Only Greek. Slavs came to the balkans in the 6th century which is hundreds of years after the death of Alexander the Great.
Fantastic video man. Really enjoyed it
History Time Appreciate it! I’ll have to check your video
Epirus was Greek. It is the homeland of all the Dorian tribes, in addition to the southern and central Pindus mountain range. They always spoke a North-Western Greek dialect. They were not Hellenized. If you read Aristotle, it writes of Epirus as the ancient Hellas. No wonder, since there is where we find the most ancient Oracle of the Greek world, the one at Dodona. So many more things i could write.
Δημήτριος Α and so was Macedon
@@sergeant_chris6209 Sure, West Macedon as well falls within the proto-Greek region, along with Thessaly and Epirus. All of these three regions are what constitute the central and southern Pindus mountain range. Here is a map of the Proto-Greek area circa 3000 BCE, upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Proto_Greek_Area_reconstruction.png. Of course much later, during the Archaic and Classical periods, the Greek presence through the Macedonians had moved more East as well. Don't confuse the above map with Archaic Greece, it is meant to show the proto-Greek area from much earlier. What researchers commonly do as a mistake, including "Archaia Istoria" (whom i greatly respect for his time and investment towards his videos/presentations), is that they only consider Greek, that which was civilized per se, and avoid everything else that might have fallen behind. For example, most maps showing Mycenaean presence today, even though outdated (because other settlements of theirs have been found more North), forget that they weren't the only Greeks at the time. Dorians co-existed at the same time with Mycenaeans as pastoralists on the Pindus mountains, without any serious settlements, hence they are usually overlooked and not accounted for on maps, up until the Archaic period. Please "Archaia Istoria" correct your videos or at least give me some evidence towards the opposite of what i write.
@Hist Ory Yes it was, by blood, culture, and language. I can actually back all this up. What do you have to show to back your own opinion up?
@@Agras14 - How do we know that there was a broad "proto-Greek" area there in the also very broad "3rd millenium BCE? AFAIK the first evidence of Indoeuropean (proto-Greek) penetration is c. 2000 BCE in Macedon, plausibly from the Danube (Vucedol culture), which shares some cultural elements like the concept of megaron.
@@LuisAldamiz Proto-Greek was probably spoken in North/Northwestern Greece at latest in the late 3rd millennium BC. Why? Because Mycenaean Greek which is documented to have been spoken at around 1600 BC is already fully recognizable Greek, so it must have been Greek for quite a while before. Not to mention Mycenaean Greek was also dialectal Greek, so its divergence from Proto-Greek must be pushed into the past, certainly in the 3rd millennium BC at the latest. It should be noted that this linguistic timescale and Proto-Greek homeland map is going by the still somewhat speculative Kurgan hypothesis for the breakdown of Indo-European. Vladimir I. Georgiev, Alfred Bammesberger, and Theo Vennemann, all agree that Proto-Greek is mostly placed in the Early Helladic period (early 3rd millennium BC; circa 3200 BC) towards the end of the Neolithic in Southern Europe. Russell Gray and Quentin Atkinson in a 2003 paper using computational methods on Swadesh lists have arrived at a somewhat earlier estimate, around 5000 BC for Graeco-Armenian split and the emergence of Greek and Armenian as a separate linguistic lineages around 4000 BC.
New to the channel and new subscriber. This massive collaboration was an amazing idea, so many new channels to check out. Congratulations guys, you"ve outdone yourselves. Keep it up, I look forward to more collaborative playlists like this. I hope it develops into something much much more
Byzantium is Greece
At 2:25 you should've made him to say "αδελφέ" not "αδελφός"
because
αδελφός=brother
αδελφέ=ma'bro !
Operation Odysseus is a god-tier idea, what a fresh way of collab and i'm really impressed how many youtubers are part of this, keep it up with the spirit, this collective projects really can take advantage from youtube algorythm and open the doors to new audiences and good content creators (Epimetheus video recomendations brought me here so thanks hehe) liked & subscribed fam, looking forward to see how this evolves, hopefully it will be all good and the reception will do nothing but go up.
Thanks fam squad. A little insider info but be sure to give OSP and Armchair historian some love since they were some of the real brains behind the operation!
Macedonia was Greek, and its ruling family descended from the city of Argos.
Not yet it wasn't look the time this was before the formation of the Kingdom of Macedonia
@@apostolispouliakis7401 I really can not understand what you wrote, could you try again?
@@aleksandersokal5279 Macedonia did not yet exist it was created later
@@apostolispouliakis7401 Yeah by Greeks in 808 BC.
th-cam.com/video/kcf44nVNT14/w-d-xo.html
The first people of Greece are Anatolians (J2 DNA) and Pelasgians (E-v13 DNA). They are the one who built the Mycenean civilization. Around bronze age this civilization collapse due to invasions/migrations of the Indo European Hellenic people/Proto Greeks stocks in their North... originated in north caucasus Russia, this people where nomadics war like people like Aryans, Scythian, Yamnaya they worshiping multiple Indo European Gods and Thunder God Wich the bases of the ancient Greek paganism religion. This Hellenic people direct decendants where the Doric Greeks( Sparta and Maccedonians, DNA Haplo R).
Herodotus classified 3 ethnicity of Greeks in ancient Greece this are
Dorians- Indo European Hellenic (Sparta and Maccedonians)
Ionians - Hellenized Anatolians (Athenians Thebes etc)
Aeolians - hellenized Pelasgians (Thessalians etc)
All of them in classical age of Greece, they spoke multiple Hellenics dialects like Doric and ionic as most popular
Greek City states: Our polis in Magna Gracia are prosperous! Safe! And secure!
A little Latin town called Roma: Are you sure about that?
Wasn’t there a colony in southern France?
Marseille
Yes Massalia in modern day Marsailles was one Greek colony in modern day France. The famous Greek explorer Pytheas was from Massalia.
Great video man, I always learn something new about the Greeks on this channel. Your knowledge really shines through!
Wow!! Didn't know that the Grecian/Hellenistic influence in the Italian area was so early established - from other overviews I'd thought it just happened way later after the Roman Empire did their conquering of Greece. Really interesting breakdown, thank you! 👍
This was a great video man. It's especially interesting to me because my home region (South East of France) was colonized by the Greeks, too. My family is from Nice (Nissa, name after the Goddess Nike) and Marseille, which was the most significantly Greek colony in the region, is quite close from where I live.
This is Barris! - French History Thanks man! I actually do plan on making a second part to this on the Classical colonies in the Western Mediterranean. Marseille was really a fascinating colony in both the people who came from there (i.e: Pytheas) and how it is actually the oldest city in the Western Mediterranean.
@@ArchaiaHistoria I didn't know any of this so I would definitely want to watch it. Marseille has a pretty bad reputation here in France (Drugs, crime, poverty etc) which is a shame because it has a fascinating story. I was planning on visiting Marseille soon to film on the spot for an episode but it will mostly discuss Revolution and onward Marseille. If your video comes out in time, I would definitely link it for anyone interested in its past history.
A great video. My home region (Provence in France) has a big history of Greek colonialism, which towns such as Nissa or Massillia, so it was very interesting to learn about it.
Epirus and Macedonia were Greek,they did not Hellenized.They were Dorians mainly.Epirus had a west dorian dialect and Macedonia had a doric dialect too.Politically they were semi-barbarians (they still had kings), according to Athenians (democracy).This is not a reason, to not include them to your map.What do you think Macedonians and Epirutes were ethnically? Beside that, nice video.Greetings from Chalkis.
I agree Herodotus, they spoke the same language, worship the same gods, had the same alphabet, and we can even add that they were the very ones who mixed/conquered the Myceneans, the Dorians, they were from Macedonia and north Thessalia. You folks were all Greeks/Hellenes why so much distinctions? It would be like the Russians saying that the Poles are not Slavs even with all the ressemblance they have
Greeks they understand under colonization something different than most Europeans. Greeks give their best in energy and humans to the colony bringing life and civilization. Other European countries plundered everything and everyone
18:30, Cyrus did not conquer Egypt and Nubia, but his son Cambyses
. “Deorum lingua est lingua Graecorum” (Η γλώσσα των θεών είναι η Ελληνική γλώσσα) “Totum Graecorum est” (Όλα είναι Ελληνικά) *[‘Ολα προέρχονται από τους Έλληνες] “Nihil Graeciae humanum, nihil sanctum” (Τίποτα δεν είναι πιο ανθρώπινο, πιο ιερό από την Ελλάδα) Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 b.)
You refer the macedonians like they are not greeks while in fact they were one of the dorian tribes known as makednoi(you even put epirus another doric stae as not greek )
I only put them as not Greek in regard to the polis structure. In my main series on Philip II I agree that they’re Greek but distinct because of their different societal structure. So really it’s Greek*
*Those in the polis system
also wasn’t it pretty comm for greek people to see man Macedonians as more greek adjacent
Cullen Rooney It’s complicated.
Cullen Rooney. Don't get confused by FYROM. Slavs.
Whether Macedonians were Greek was already debated back in the time of Philip, he won the debate because he had the victorious army but other Greeks grumbled anyhow.
They was colonies in today Spain Italy France Ukrainian and many more.
0:21 Why is Macedonia and Thrace and Epirus out of the Greek sites states?
Macedonia and Thrace WERE Greek sites states also. (Epirus was/is a Greek area full of Greek cities also).
And where is Crete and Cyprus?
Correct your map please.
Macedonia was never that big before Philip, it was around aiges and pella
A total war or paradox game on this era would be epic
Makedonia,epirus and thrace are not neighbors but part of greekk civilazation the vanguard of the greeks
Χαράλαμπος Βεζακιάδης, I meant in regards to my main series.
5:02 Eretria and Chalcis are cities of my island,Euboea.I live there to this island of Euboea.Chalkis and Eretria are my cities.
The road was paved by the Minoans way before that era, they had turned Mediterranean sea into their trading playground and also made some cities too. So these expeditions were not new although they were scaled up in numbers as larger populations were involved.
Whoops. I thought nobody on the Operation Odysseus made a video about Ancient Greek colonization. Thanks very much for making this!
Macedonia, Troy, Epirus and Thrace was also Greek civilizations
What shyness about colonising Black Sea? So nothing about Crimea (Taurica)? Greeks owned Crimea for the longest time!
LONG LIVE THE HELLENISMUS AL TIME 🌍🏛🇬🇷
>be amerikan
>make bad video
just another day in youtube 'education' category.
Damn man don’t hate so much on the Yankees
Yancees* hey if you insist on mispronouncing everything I will too.
I love it
Sophist Yanque*
You need to brush up on your phonology, a, e i o u,y six vowels, each with one sound. Ch as in Bach, not beach.
Phœnician, as in phœnix
Great video, the visuals and explanation are vgood for such a small channel. You covered the topic in a very wholesome way while still being able to simplify and go in depth on different historical aspects.
Thanks for that. I have a tendency to go overboard with detail so I originally had to simplify this script twice (it’s a really broad topic). But I’m really glad it ended up a good in between of General and specialised history.
Macedonia is Greek always was and is get it right will you.
Great video! I found it really interesting to learn about the differences in colonization between the various Greek tribes!
Hello! Great video!
1 remark though: The corinthian major colony on Sicily should be spelled without the second 'r' - Syracusa or Syracusa.
Yeah noticed that in post
This is so fascinating. I've always been curious how far Greek influence stretched. Evidently at some point the Persian Empire sent captured Greeks to Bactria. I do not remember when exactly, but i believe it was an early period.
It really is a fascinating period. Not many people really think about how these darn Greeks got everywhere. As for the Persian deportations, I believe it occurred shortly after the Ionian revolt in the 5th century.
@@ArchaiaHistoria Yes, of course! I wonder what kind of influence they had on that area of the world at the time? I am glad to have come across your channel. I've been an avid lover of Greek history since i was a child and some people have told me i have a peculiar fascination with the Seleucids.
Well I plan to cover the Hellenistic kingdoms in full when I get up to the Diadochi. However my friend Kings and Generals did an excellent video on the kingdoms of Bactria and Greco-India
@@ArchaiaHistoria I love those guys! I always appreciate the channels where the creators engage in open discussion with their viewers. I am glad to have discovered another person who has a passion for this particular subject. Thank you
What shit is that Epirus and Macedonia were not part of the hellenic world?????
..
They werent
Greeks didnt consider them "greek"
Epirus had no true city state if its own and macedonians didnt exclusively mate with greeks, meaning they werent full blooded greek
They spoke greek, thats. Not the same thing.
Please tell me this isnt importsnt to you. Because the greeks were extremely racist and supremist. Thats why they didnt consider either to be true greeks
They were apart of the medditeranean world. Not the hellenic one. The only times epirus is mentioned on a scale like, say, thebes or sparta is thanks to epirus, and macedonia only had philip and alexander. Because the greeks didnt Like macedonians (thats why theyre called macedonians and epirots instead of greeks). Epirus was cool, just. No better than the people who lived on farms or in pastures between the city states.
If you knew a bit about what you are talking about you would laugh at yourself. The Macedonians were involved in the holy wars about the horacle of Delphoi, which it would had been completely impossible if they were not of hellenic heritage. Their language was closer to the Dorian dialect than the Ionian or achean dialects. Epirotes they had the horacle of Dodoni which was of Panhellenic influence. Also both participated in the Olympic games. Exactly , Olympic from the mount Olympos, the seat of the Gods, which was in ...Macedonia.
@@8393Robertrex you clearly don't know what the fuck you talk about. Go and open a book before you dare to give lectures on subjects you are completely uneducated.
Do Phoenician Colonszation sometime!
nice
this video will not play
i sent a ticket but every other video in the playlist goes but this one.
It isn't blocked in my country because I can comment.
The aesthetics of the ancient Greeks puts the modern world to shame. We look like a bunch of bums in comparison.
SyracRuse sounds like a place that would be located near the Caribbean ;)
Epirus and macedonia are greeks too btw
Dude I am Greek great information...meee-keen-es....gimme a call I can fix your pronunciation...
Recommend two EXCELLENT ,videos on TH-cam one with title" PELASGIANS GRAECIANS HELLENES the history of Greek Nation " and the other one with title ,"HELLAS the gateway of Europe to Mediterranean Sea" are both 100% accurate and 150% interesting by All levels and meanings based in Primary sources and not in neo Balcanic paranormal fantasies , enjoy wish to all friends and sympathizer s merry Christmas 🎄 and happy new year
Because of Operation Odysseus, I binged your channel and loved it. Keep the Greek knowledge coming.
I'm Greek Cypriot with ancient style of Greek surname. Going to take some DNA test soon and see what's really going on :)
Great video mate, having visuals on maps really puts into context what was happening back then. Love it, Subbed.
Name ending in "oglu" :-)
Mine ends in "dis". Northern Turkey (Black Sea) somewhere, until early 1900s.
@@angeloparis7963 Mines Anton-iades, and -iadis is pretty much the same.
Mines Paroussiadis. Cheers.
My father said that it defined Greeks from the East.
His name is archaia istoria which is Greek for ancient history and has a picture of Alexander the Great yet doesn’t include Macedonia as a Greek Colony which it was.
Sounds about right
Archaia Istoria colony***
Archaia Istoria soooo why?
Because the Macedonians were more of a migration from Argos rather than colonies in the sense of the Euboeans and a Corinthians. Although they did migrate within the timeframe I covered.
I think that the fact Mount Aino is both the name of a mountain in Greece and Japan that puts a question mark over early human colonization.
Your pronunciation of a lot of place names is severely wrong. But reasonably good video none-the-less.
Glad someone mentioned this.
Pretty sure "Mycenean" is pronounced with a soft "c". Good otherwise :P
It can be pronounced “myKenaean”, “myCeneans” or “mySeneans”. The first is the more truer Greek pronounciation AFAIK but the latter two are more Anglican pronounciation and aren’t necessarily wrong.
@@ArchaiaHistoria I sis wonder actually - after trying to find out how "Circe" was pronounced :)
@@ArchaiaHistoria I did wonder - trying to find out how to pronounce "Circe" threw a few surprises at me - but I only found one pronunciation of Mycenean - after an admittedly short search :)
Great video, thank you. A LOT of information to pack into 20 minutes. What I'd love to know though, is some sense of what this all looked like and felt like to the peoples involved: the Greek expansionists and the native peoples whose lands were taken. If my people lived near a coast where the Greeks established a city, were we incorporated?, Were we driven out? and if so, where did we go? Were there unpopulated lands, we could be pushed into, or did we have to dispossess others? Were we slaughtered? For the Greeks, after for example the drought on Thera you mentioned, how did we decide where to go? Did we all pack up at once, or did some military types go first and establish some defensible outposts and send for the missus and kids later? Anyone know of any videos dealing with my horribly humanistic queries?
Great question and thanks. The situation varied greatly from region to region. Keep in mind that we are talking about a wide area from Spain to Crimea. Also important is the type of colony. Emporiums were more akin to merchant outposts that might develop into a dedicated Greek quarter of the city. These would be more gradual developments and less of a danger to the local population. Whereas Apoikia were intended as cities outright, but even these could vary in hostility and danger to the local population. In Thrace or Sicily, where there was a large native population, the population might be evicted or enslaved, but they may also be integrated into the new polis as well. The Sicels were famously hellenised and adopted poleis of their own. In other places, like Africa, the Greek settlements might be on “empty” land that was seasonally inhabited by local berbers and so there could be raids from the berbers against these colonies. However these Apoikia could also be peacefully settled with the local population. In Massalia and Hispania colonies were negotiated (or even invited) with local lords. So really your situation with the Greek settlers could vary greatly and depend largely on the terms of your relationship. Locals could invite the colonists, be invaded by them or create a mutual arrangement.
As for your specific question about Thera, I address this in my (elusive) sequel video about the Greek colonies in the West.
I hope my general summary could somewhat answer your questions.
@@ArchaiaHistoria Thank you. Goes a long way to helping me picture those events. I'll have a search for your sequel.
As usual a great video. That said, also as usual, the pronunciation of place names is seriously mangled. Also, there is no R in Syracuse.
Great content, but please SLOW DOWN. A lot of information to absorb, with many strange names. What's the hurry?
Great video overall, but your information on Cyprus is a bit of a mix. Phoenicians didn't settle the west coast, but the east, namely the prominent city of Kition (modern Larnaca). Most of the rest of the island was in fact settled by Greeks. Aside from Salamis (which was first settled by Mycenaeans and according to legend, Teucer - Ajax's brother - in particular), Paphos and Kourion on the west coast, Ledra in the centre and Kyrenia in the north were also prominent Greek cities on Cyprus.
Also, Cyprus was also host of Greek-style city-states. Here's a map to illustrate: upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ancient_kingdoms_of_Cyprus_en.svg/1200px-Ancient_kingdoms_of_Cyprus_en.svg.png
Can I just loan my subscribe button to whomever is doing "Overly Sarcastic Productions?"
Sub'd here too
I like how this video correctly uses the term "Myceneans"
as opposed to the term "Greeks" that many use, out of laziness or ignorance, to refer to the Myceneans.
Not including other greek/hellenic tribes such as Epirotes, Macedonians, Ionians.
I am from Chalkida (Chalkis) at least 9 generations back I can’t hide how much I like that you use our local alphabet ;) . Well nice approach but I think you miss some parts (objective parts ) it’s ok. Leladium war between Eretria and Chalkis (Chalkida) was the end of power in our Island ( Eubea ) and never some won for real , i am writing from liladium right now btw
Glad you appreciated it. I try (often fail) to stick with the ancient pronunciations. As for the lelantine war, I wasn’t really able to cover it in depth here since it’s less important to know the details for the war but I may cover it in its own right sometime. It might come up in my Philip II series.
Archaia Istoria tbh there are not so many sources for who actually won this war . The aftermath tho is important , since the end of “the river war “ Euboea lost the power which had from Avantis Era (participants in Troy campaigns) and became part of others (Macedonia kingdom/Athenian empire etc . Add Emporios and Marseille! Ps at least my city’s legacy Until today is the Latin (our local alphabet with borrowed elements from Aramaic ) and the city where Aristotles did his last observations .Again great work friend
@@JoyMadrugada heyy buddy i own a greco turkish friendship discord server if you want to join send me your account
@@theodoruspantelides8661 LOL, there is no such thing! 🤣
You should have in small type a legend on the maps that have colour territories on them. Just like what each colour means because I forget and following is tough. Nothing big, but just something to keep me remembering eh
Dávid Danos I will have to do that for next time. Seems like this is a popular request
@@ArchaiaHistoria yeah man proper cartography is key to these videos. I f you add your own custom maps with a bit of style that would be the cherry on the cake. I hint that is more easily to edit maps than to draw other stuff.
Huzzah!
There he is!
I woulda been first if I just commented before watching
No matter I will be one day
I'm gonna pick up universalis IV on cyber monday prepare your booty when I git gud
Assorted Munchies Prepare to get annexed!
This is one of a handful of topics in history that connects SO MANY different peoples and Cultures that it's almost a bit frustrating how much effort I've put into finding these things out by myself and low and behold someone's FANTASTICLY brief video taught me more than I learned on the subject in 20 years of school..Lol Well Done!
#justiceForHistoriaCivilisAltHistoryHubKingsAndGeneralsAndMilitaryHistoryVisualized
This isn’t even my final form
We will be fine. :-)
@@KingsandGenerals i will not give up my cause
This is my shit. Glad I found this video, channel, and broader collaborative effort.
They also colonized parts of the eastern coast of spain and the south coast of france with the most notable city being Marseille
The Hellenistic world came at its peak with the coming of Alexander the Great and his new and great Empire And another famous, but a very type of ancient Greeks, still more ancient than the Hellas. The Giants Philistines! Who migrated to the land of Canaan. And the rest it's History. Pardon me, The Old Testament! 🤔
5:33 "the uncivilized people made it right for colonization". What?
I believe this line doesn't come from any historical source, but a presumption based on the ideology of the western European colonization not of antiquity.
Enjoyed the video. There is a problem with the way you showed the bronze temples. In that time no one used triangle roofs on their temples.
love the video, great job! but its Syracuse not SyracRuse
He even puts up a map with the correct spelling on screen and continues to mispronounce it.
The Achaean side of things are still a hotly debated topic, which has many different views about what happened in the so called Dorian invasion 'no body knows what happened & every aspect is theory's 'plus those couple of major Islands between Greece an Italy, right off the coasts of Greece were colonised by Achaea an not the Dorian's,,, if they are not the people who originated from the same tribe! An the Arcadians were the original that colonised & started Rome!
There is a dispute where did the philistinians come from. I’ve heard that based on the DNA analysis they are not Arabs but came from the aegean sea, however they left no written material. (.?)
The "c" in Mycenae is pronounced like an "s" not a "k".
I would love to see a video on the "second Greek colonization" during the Macedonian dynasties in the east. I found this even more fascinating.
So much more went on in the Mediterranean than I ever realized and what a mix of different cultures! From the comments below, there was more in the Western Mediterranean as well. So interesting!
Lots of mispronunciations!!
King Midas was the last known Phrygian king, but hardly the last as he was buried in a fabulous tomb, which means that the fall of the kingdom happened after his death and that at least one king followed him on the Phrygian throne. The story that he committed suicide by drinking 'Bull's blood' is also a myth if it is taken literally; even today people in some communities drink it and live.
Raimo Kangasniemi unless the Phrygian Royalty were left as kings, a la Alexander. Perhaps it didn't even occur to question the descendants of Gordias' status?
Great video, but you should have included the westernmost Greek colonies, like Massalia in Gaul, modern-day Marseille, France and Emporion in Iberia, modern-day Empuries, Catalonia, Spain. The Greeks also had some minor colonies in Sardinia and Corsica to rival the Phoenicians/Carthaginians. I'm surprised you didn't say anything about the Phoenicians, since they raced to colonize the Western Mediterranean alongside the Greeks.
i think he doesnt mention phoenicians, due to the lack of evidence... we know it happened, but we dont know the facts... because they got erased from history... with greeks we have a better documented chain of events, based on discoveries, texts etc...
@@MojoBonzo That's really not the case, though. Yes, Carthage itself was destroyed (and later rebuilt) by the Romans, but that was one city. For instance, nearby Utica, which was also Punic/Phoenician, was spared and occupied peacefully since they surrendered to the Romans. It's not like we don't have records of Carthage and for that matter we have tons of archaeological evidence, from Spain to Sardinia to Sicily, of their presence.
@@ericconnor8251 no i didnt mean carthage... i meant phoenicians. and correct me if im wrong, last time i checked about them(really im no expert on the subject), we didnt have much evidence about them. most we had came from the greeks. at least thats what i remember
@@MojoBonzo If you're talking about ancient Phoenicians who came directly from Lebanon, okay, there's not much, I agree, but the Carthaginians were basically the descendants of Phoenician colonists and their culture, religion, and language was more or less the same. It's like the difference between American colonists of the 18th century and British people still living in the British Isles. Not a huge gulf there between them.
All these people saying Macedonia is Greek are blind????? do they not realize this was before the formation of the Kingdom of Macedon ?????
Such a great video! καλή δουλειά!