Bosporan Kingdom - Longest Surviving Ancient Greek State
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Kings and Generals' historical animated documentary series on the history of Ancient Civilizations continues with a video on the Bosporan Kingdom which was the longest surviving Ancient Greek state.
How Rome Conquered Greece: • How Rome Conquered Gre...
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Demosthenes: • Demosthenes: Greatest ...
Ancient Greek Politics and Diplomacy: • Ancient Greek State Po...
Pyrrhic Wars: • Pyrrhus and Pyrrhic Wa...
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: • Ancient Macedonia befo...
Diplomatic Genius of Philip of Macedon: • Diplomatic Genius of P...
Etruscans: • Etruscans: Italian Civ...
Ancient Greek State in Bactria: • Ancient Greek State in...
The Greco-Chinese War Over the Heavenly Horses: • The Greco-Chinese War ...
Ancient Greek Kingdom in India: • Ancient Greek Kingdom ...
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The video was made by Yağız Bozan and Murat Can Yağbasan, while the script was researched and written by Johan Melhus. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & th-cam.com/channels/79s.html....
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Production Music courtesy of EpidemicSound
#Documentary #AncientGreece #Bosporus
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Eumelos life in the steppes must had been a pretty interesting moment in his life.
Excellent content!
Such an interesting episode guys! Thanks for all you do! And yeah I wish I had the time and skills to help K&G But, alas...
8 person to like and 4 person to comment
No Blender? That's so far the only dedicated 3D program I am fumiliar with.
Damn only 4/5
"Do you want to know about the Bosporan Kingdom?"
"Oh, yes please!"
Dude I just gonna say it i love Albert Camus not many peoples recognize but he was the best to me.
The what? Wait, really? Hell yeah, tell me more!
The relationship with the Romans didn't stop there as Justinian II spent his exile in Crimea (a story worthy of an episode in itself!)
Justinian II is an absolutely fascinating figure that is woefully under spoken of. He tried hard to emulate the successes of his namesake, and had some successes, but his cruel and overly authoritarian mannerisms eventually spelled his downfall.
As you mention, he spent his exile after being overthrown in the Crimea where he married a local chiefs daughter, renaming her Theodora in emulation of Justinian's own wife. He eventually sailed back for Constantinople to reclaim the throne and during that time a terrible storm hit. I remember the story goes that one of the men said that if Justinian II promised to be merciful on the throne that god would protect them in the storm, and Justinian followed with "If I should be seen giving my enemies any mercy, let god sink us now".
Truly an interesting fellow.
Baz Battles made an interesting video about him a while ago you should check it out if you havent already
The Byzantine centuries were prosperous. Until the Tatars came.
If someone chopped my nose off I'd probably be pretty grouchy myself.
Justinian II Rhinotmetos
Greeks existed in Crimea up until the 20th century. The surrounding area had a large greek presence with cities almost greek in character due to the policies of Catherine II. Odessa, Tangarog, Mariupol had thousands of Greeks living there.
@@berserker5471 Mariupol and its sea coast in modern Ukraine still has one of the largest Greek minorities (even the city has Greek name).
100,000 Greeks still in mariupol today , there is some more in crimea and other parts of country as well
@@andreasgeorgopoulos3878 not anymore 😢
@@TheOlgaSasha It was because of the famous Russian diplomat Gregory Potemkin he’s the one that was incredibly inspired by the former Greek sites that existed there named a lot of cities in Crimea after those Greek settlements this was in part because the czar was interested in reclaiming Constantinople against the ottoman empire as well as reestablishing the eastern Roman as a rump state
@@andreasgeorgopoulos3878 Unfortunately, during bombing and shelling by Russian aviation in 2022 almost 20 000 Mariupol citizens were killed, including a lot of Greeks. Before the war there were more than 400 000 people in Mariupol. Almost 300 000 of them were evacuated to other parts of Ukraine, a lot of women with children were also evacuated to European Union. The Hague tribunal started proceedings on war crimes and massive genocide of civilians commited by Russian fascist invaders....
Please do the Greek colonies of the Western Mediterranean such as Massalia really interesting stuff :)
And also mention Pytheas of Massalia ... the guy who explored the British isles
@@monkey_ona_donkey6272 Many researchers point to Iceland as a possible location of "Thule" , according to Pytheas' account of his journey . So it's possible that the ancient Greeks discovered Iceland , even though "Thule" could also have been the Evrides islands .
Oh yes, of southern modern France and perhaps Spain. And also should do a focus on Sicily and southerb Italic peninsula.
@@hamzaalmdghri8741 ???
@@hamzaalmdghri8741 they had colonies all over north africa, and later the macedonians conquered egypt and set up a dynasty there that ended with cleopatra
I was just reading about the giant kurgans in the Crimea! Fascinating
HT sighting in the wild! You're the man!
HT is here!
Aren't the Kurgans from the Scythian an Iranian tribe.
One of my favorite history channels watching my favorite history channel? Awesome 😎
Lol what are you reading? I too am reading a book about the kurgans
Russians: Crimea is russian!
Ukrainians: Crimea is ukraine!
Turks: Crimea is turkish!
Bulgarians: Crimea is bulgarian, it belonged to Old Great Bulgaria!
Tatars: Crimea is ours!
Greeks:
Greeks deserve all the world
@@haraldus402 *Ceddin Deden starts playing*
@@TurquazCannabiz Ýmnos is tin Eleftherían STARTS PLAYING
Isn't this how the world works in general?
Scythians and Sarmatians: We raided it a bunch of times, so it's actually ours
All kinds of peoples: "Crimea belongs to us!"
Greeks just shaking their heads.
Crimea belongs to Genoa, change my mind
@@gequitz, can you repeat that? All i could make out was "bar, bar, bar" ?
@@gequitz Crimean Khanate: smh
Russians: DA
According to the law of Supreme Council of the USSR of 1954, Helsinki Act of 1975, Constitution of the USSR of 1977, three Ukraine-Russia treaties of 1991, 1993 and 1994, Budapest Memorandum of 1993, Resolution of GA UNO of 2014 and many other international acts, Crimea is UKRAINE🇺🇦
-How much history you want to leave behind you?
Greeks:Yes!
Ancient Greek cities: So how far should we colonize?
Ancient Greeks: Yes
@Δημήτρης Ο Δημήτρης Interesting, I hadn't heard of that one.
@@Leoforos13 Fascinating
@@moutsatsosa Scoti are from Ireland though.
@@Leoforos13 just look at evidence Greek have bag pipes and skirts they say that king Philip found Scotland but the lands were not rich enough for Greeks and did settler for long.
@@jedibjj5488 the whole Balkans have bag pipes etc because of the Celtic tribes that used to inhabit the area, Scotland is named after the Irish scoti stop with your weird nationalism, yes Greece was a very important civilization, but the idea that no one else existed is just ignorance.
The empire of Trapezounta survived even 50 years after the fall of the Byzantine Empire and there are strill Greeks living in Crimea today who never left.
yes, but NOT because their fort was more impenetrable than Constantinople. it was just not worth as much trouble.
@@ragael1024 Makes no difference
Greek history is truly one of best
"Asander married his daughter Dynamis." So they were playing CK2 classical edition?
Accurate
Perhaps what that meant was Asander married the monarch's daughter... Idk
he married the previous monarch's daughter. the monarch he killed.
@@lazyslacker1539 that's what I thought. If it was Asander's daughter it should've been “... Married his own daughter”
Asander married Pharnace's daughter, continuing the royal line, it's a bit unclear my fault
The Greeks are an absolutely fascinating people. They truly are one of the eternal leaders of humanity. The things they managed to achieve at the zenith(s) of their civilization(s) are quite remarkable, and there have been so many iterations of prominent Hellenic civilization that I am left wondering whether we will bear witness to another rise some time in the future. Probably not in our lifetime. Regardless, what a history.
As brilliant as my ancestors were, they were equally self-destructive. I think we hold the record on civil wars.
@Sir Mosewald of Osely The High Executioner Absolute Nordicist nonsense. These ideas have been disproved countless times. Ancient Greeks were phenotypically similar to modern Greeks. Take your inferiority complex somewhere else.
@Sir Mosewald of Osely The High Executioner Enjoy.
@Sir Mosewald of Osely The High Executioner You do realise that you are racist, right? Okay let's say you are right and all of the "ancient greek blood" has perished, even tho thats just factually incorrect and many if not most Greeks are over 50% Greek Dna, why are you talking about people and not culture? We are not talking about race, it simply doesn't matter. Culture, ideas and way of living is what matters and what shapes the minds of people and TRULY creates a special group of people, ancient Greek philosophers themselves had ideas such as these, Being Greek or Hellen to be correct is a way of living and thinking, not the colour of your eyes, hair or skin. But ofc you only look at race, what's superior or inferior....I see a lot of people like you in vids like that...just sad man....
@Sir Mosewald of Osely The High Executioner lmao
The music used is actually ancient Greek.
It is a song found on a grave tombstone I think, it says to live happily and have fun because time demands the end (of you)
Correct. It is the Seikilos epitaph. A song written from a man to his dead wife. It says
While you live, shine
have no grief at all
life exists only for a short while
and Time demands his due.[
"Song of Seikilos" it was found in the ancient city of Tralleis in Aydın province of Turkey. Just 200 meters from my apartment. :)
Many Bosporans died to bring us this information.
The music displayed is the Seikilos Epitaph, the oldest Greek music ever to be discovered.Seikilos lived around 200 BC in Tralleis, Asia Minor, modern day Turkey.He wrote this sing on the tomb of his wife... "As you live, joy//don't you be sorry at all//living is for a little time// the end is demanded by time..."
The Bosporian kingdom was the first and the last hellenistic state, that is most interesting fact about it)
First Hellenic state?
The Alpha and the Omega of the hellenistic states
@@connorgolden4 Hellenistic means multicultural (at least that’s what I am reading in the comments)
@@keeshans5768 it literally means something greatly influenced by the Greek culture , after the conquest of Alexander the Great. Hellenic =/=Hellenistic but very close.The whole era after Alexander till the fall of Ptolemies was considered Hellenistic
@@connorgolden4 First Hellenistic large Hellenistic state outside mainland Greece would probably be more accurate.
You touch aspects of the ancient greek world that others don't even know.... I am amazed
2:40 as a Greek i always sympathize when the narrator attempts to pronounce Greek words . Cheers
Personally my ears bleed
Greek's a tough language, at least to my English speaking ears
His pronunciation is actually quite close to the ancient Greek pronunciation (minus the soft x) . It really was eu-ksei-nos, rather than ev-ksi-nos, as it is in modern Greek.
@@kalo_yanis dont confuse the erasmian accent. it is wrong.
@@charadradam9985 What do you mean? The Erasmian pronunciation is quite close to the authentic classical Greek pronunciation.
Excellent video! The Bosporan Kindgdom was one of the main reasons that Athens endured the long siege by the Spartans, during the Peloponnesian War, because the Bosporan's grain substain the city. For this reason the Atheneans granted the Athenean citizenship to the Spartacids of the Bosporan Kingdom, and they considered them, as benefactors of the Athenian city-state. Fan-fuct: The Byzantine Principality of Theodorou at Crimaia, ruled by the Gavras's family, was the last Byzantine state that fell to the Ottomans in 1475 AD, ending the Greek presence at Crimaia after 20 centuries...
I like learning about this region it basically was a melting pot of eastern and western cultures
As a Turk, I totally agree.
Well, when Greeks say multicultural realm, they mean *Hellenize*
Nah during that age Greek were the western people and melting pot of western and eastern culture was Iran and Central Asia ,which lie in between of east Asia , South Asia ,Europe and Africa
@@rj5848 Iran is an oriental culture. Middle East is the central region between East (Persia) and West (Grece)
@@nermainmerl6108 Let's not forget that history only cares about the ruling class, and hellenization, for most places, means Greek rulers and greek-like system of governance. A hellenized region would be multicultural by definition if you were to consider the local populace
15:29 holy shit, Asander got 93 years old?!?
Damn
In antiquity
No one:
Greeks: *I COLONIZE AND HELLENIZE*
Until the Turks come and destroy their kingdom and colonize the Greeks.
@@baybarshan2500hahahaha nice joke
@@baybarshan2500 The Turks only razed down cities and killed non muslims. This didn't stop even the Arabs to revolt against you. Greek Hellenization was not like this. That's why Greek influenced the entire world and Turks stayed around the region of anatolia.
@@nermainmerl6108 Turks lived in peace with all the nations and people they conquered, tahts why you can still call yourself a Greek after 500 years of occupation and many nations under Ottoman and Turkic rule still have their own religion, Turks are not like Spanish Conquistadors, European colonists, US and Australian genocidal nations.
@@user-ln8eh5nq3q Not a joke mate its historical fact.
Would you consider about starting a new series of videos covering the whole Peloponnesian war? I am convinced that your unique care for historical accuracy by taking always into consideration all the primary and secondary sources, will give ground to some outstanding and memorable videos about one of the most crucial events of Antiquity the Peloponnesian War, an event which in ancient times was of equal importance to that of Caesar's Civil War ot the Diadochi Wars.
You should make a video on the March of the 10 000 greeks and Xenophon. Such an amazing story.
I love this channel so much, every update is like a small heart attack.
Only reason i open up youtube
Satyros is an interesting choice of a name.
Dynamis = power
Polemo = war
this reminded me of golden sun but thats saturos
Man I love this channel covering topics That I didn’t know that exsist
I almost never commented on your vids, because when I comment it's usually to criticize or complain like a donkey. But damn my man, your channel is pure absolute f*ing gold. Keep on the good work, you're filling me with inspiration. Sending you all my good vibes to you and your team! Cheers from Switzerland !
The history of this great kingdom is almost like symphony. A slow, melodic and comforting beging, a cressendo with its main theme in the middle, then a somber music overlaped with main theme fading out in the end, sort a farewell to the Classical/Roman era and signaling the Great Migration. Bravo K&G
There’s always been something fascinating about the Bosporan Kingdom - they were one of my favourite factions in Rome 2 without a doubt...
I've been waiting for this since Alexander arrived at the Persian gates
Thanks for showcasing this rarely-discussed Greek region. I don’t know why all other videos about ancient Hellas have to be only about Athens, and, if we’re lucky, Sparta. I would love more about Pelopennesian history, my family is from there (Kalamata). How about a video on the Morea? I think that’s when my ancestors acquired our Italian name.
One of my fave areas of Greek culture. Thanks so much for this K & G ! You've provided me many names with which to continue my research. :)
13:44 that circular "portrait" of that Scythian king actually happens to be a bas-relief of the Sassanid Persian king Khosrow I.
I am obsessed with Bospnoros history! Gimme more!
I’m so glad that Devin is speaking for this already amazing channel. You guys are awesome! Thank you so much for this extra history.
It means a lot to me.
For Long time I was thinking that the longest surviving Hellenistic Kingdom was the Hellenistic Kingdom of India of King Menander. Thank you KandG for this video with knowledge I didn't know so far , will look into it further :) Greetings from Greece and Cyprus :)
P.s still waiting for March of ten thousand s of Xenofon with ALL the details of course , continue strongly.
Agisilaus' campaign in Asia Minor would also be a great topic to cover .
@@christermi good point but Ten thousand of Xenofon is EPOS a small Odyssey and Illiad the same time with Many infos and conclusion s
@@eliaspapanikolaou3563 Couldn't have described it better myself . Totally agree.
@@christermi Thanks man,indeed is totally Mythic but historically 100% proven
Bosporan Kingdom in 375 AD: "All right, things may look dire, but we have lived through worse. We only have to survive for 187 more years and we've cracked a milennium, so if no horde of nomadic raiders suddenly comes out of nowhere..."
The Huns: "LEEEROOOOOOY..."
so sad for these people! It's like living on the edge of a cliff not knowing when will erosion take it down
@@byzantinetales An astoundingly wealthy and life-favourable cliff.
thousand years later even after being faded to history, their original lands still didnt escaped both muslim and mongol conquests
@@ronank2432 They did most areas are in Christian hands now Mongols and Muslims only got so far then where defeated heavely by eastern Europeans.
No one would've guessed that such a kingdom survived at all and for this long. This was a nice video. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Hello!
When I studied history in school, in our textbooks on the Roman Empire there was always indicated the Kingdom of the Bosphorus as a client-kingdom on maps of the Empire. I always wondered how this relationship came to be and in this video, we will explore this.
Hope you all enjoyed it!
You crushed it with the visuals! Great job!
Great video K&G as always !!! continue the series about the colonies of the ancient Greeks
This was a great video. I really did enjoy the complete overview of the city/kingdom's history. Really hope we can have some more videos like this, as its a good format for rise and fall style story, which there are plenty of in the ancient world.
It's so exiting to see here a video related to the history of my homeland (I'm from Feodosia that was Theodosia during that time).
It would be great if you made a vid about Crimea in the middle ages as well.
Kings and general you provide me all the knowledge that I know.Keep up the good work.
Wanted this video for a long time. Thank you.
Can we hear more about the Iranic tribes such as the Sarmatians, Scythians, Alans, Sogdians, Saka etc?
Any proof they were Iranian tribes ???
@@nikolab1980 - A few words of Scythian and Sarmatian that have survived on coins and in historians like Herodotus: they are clearly related to Iranian. The Alans, meanwhile, have living successors in Ossetia in the Caucasus mountains whose language is also related. The Saka are branch of Scythians - the name Saka and Skythian have the same root.
Tbh as much as they are enteresting they didn't get up to much it seems they controlled the steppe like most nomads but the ones that came later like Turks tried to establish kingdoms.
Hands down the best history channel on YT.
So excited for another Kings and Generals vid and Greece! Perfect thing to watch!!
Awesome video! Interesting topic, stunning visuals and informative coverage. I thank you.
Damn. The video, brilliant voice actor and insanely good animations really made that last shot feel like a true end of an era. Thank you K&G!
Didn’t the Byzantine (east Roman Empire) hold lands here later on?
They probably made a client state of the goths that invaded the area.
yes, they controlled the southern part of the Crimean peninsula.
They did, but there was no de jure or de facto continuity with the old Bosporan colonies. The old settlements were all wiped out.
@@OkurkaBinLadin there were Greeks still living there though.
@@dimk735 The Goths were a minority and Hellenized. Byzantine control of the southern coast lasted almost some 1000 years. Various Turkic and Rus realms contested the hither land.
Thank you I have been waiting for someone to make a video on this
I been waiting on an episode about this for so long lol. Thanks!!
Loved this episode. It would be really cool if you guys looked at other lesser know Hellenic kingdoms or Greek colonies.
Ahh cant wait for you to do more on various Hellenistic states, The Seleucid and Ptolemaic kingdoms, Pontus, Attalid Pergamum and so on. Great content
The quality of this video is incredible!
Whenever I need you are there thanks for making such a great documentaries in such a short time
Also, part of the Bosporan Kingdom like the cities of Theodosia and Chersonese became part of the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire up until its conquest by the Ottoman Turks in 1475 AD.
I didn't learn that in school when I was a boy as greek. Thank you !!
Your channel is awesome! Thank you for what you are doing.
Incredible thank you!!!
Thank you for this K&G. I descent from greek imigrants who were forced to flee that region during the bolshevic revolution.
heyy buddy i own a greco turkish friendship discord server if you want to join send me your account
Excellent video of a fascinating, but little known Kingdom of antiquity. I have assembled the armor, weapons and clothing of a Greco-Scythian mercenary warrior of the Bosporan Kingdom, c.400BC.
Thank you for making this excellent video!
Thank you!! I've been waiting for this video since you made the one about the Etruscan. See if you can do one about the minoan civilization.
Fascinating , love and support from Turkey . I want more Hellenistic Era videos .
@Parthenax We mostly don't know much about Hellenic Empires, so that i am interested in them; also as a pontic greek i want to learn about my ancestors.
About middle east, turkish people mostly doesn't like anything about middle east.
We do not start our history with 1000 AD, pre Seljuq times are well-known (Göktürks, Huns), but we say the ''Turkey's history (Anatolian)'' starts with Manzikert. But most people doesnt't care about Göktürks or steppe empires, only nationalistics care.
There are many types of people in Turkey, Turkish nationalists, islamists, western sympathizers; each one sees things diffrently, there is no stereotype.
Technically the Greek state in the Bosporus was survived by the empire of Trebizond and the principality of Theodoro which wasn’t conquered till 1475. Awesome video tho
Thats why the title of the video states Ancient Greek state and not greek state
This two states where in alliance from mitridate to thire end in 1475,
Nothing to do with each other. Two greek states, in different places, and totally different times!! The pontos state of mithridatis and the state of trapazunta, have a gap of time ,of 1500 years between them. 💫
A great video!
Really amazing!
Keep up the good work!
Thanks for making this video. I wasn't able to find any information about Bosphorus before this.
🇬🇷The name given in Western languages to the most strictly peninsular part of the current Balkan Peninsula derives from the denomination of Graeci, under which the Romans (like the Italics in general) knew its inhabitants in historical times. The origin of this ethnic group is not entirely sure, some connecting it, on the basis of a passage of Aristotle that reflects ancient etymologies, with the supposed Γραικοί inhabitants in the surroundings of Dodona in Epirus, others with the inhabitants of Γραῖα, name of two towns , in Boeotia and Euboea. Entirely distinct is the name of Hellas (‛Ελλάς, ethnic" Ελληνες) with which the ancient Greeks called their homeland, and which, at first specific to a small region of Thessaly, then extended in degrees, some of which can be found ( Hellas and Argos, in the Odyssey), to the whole peninsula inhabited in ancient times by the Greeks. The two names Hellas and Greece thus coexisted throughout ancient times, one in indigenous usage, the other in Latin, except the official name of Greece when it became a Roman province, which was Achaea. Then the second was maintained geographically and culturally throughout the Western Middle Ages, and is still in force today in the languages that drew it from Latin (Grèce, Griechenland, Greece). darkened and decayed with the extinction of ancient civilization, replaced in places by Romania, which reflects the Roman imperial continuity in the Byzantine denominations; the name of Ρωμαῖοι in Byzantium itself, Rūm in the Muslim Near East, united the Byzantines all , and the inhabitants of the land that once belonged to the Hellenes. The ancient glorious name rose again with the rise to freedom and state unity of the neo-Greek nation, which as a symbol of alleged traditional and ethnic continuity took the official name of ‛Ελλάς and the ethnic name of" Ελληνες; renewing, with a geographically expanded content after the Balkan wars and ethnically very complex and modified for centuries, the ancient indigenous denominations.
I always wondered about the history of that single Lone random territory
Very informative and enjoyable!! Keep it up!!
Fascinating and well made. Congrats
Shortly after the Soviet collapse, I became part of an American research team invited to conduct archaeological investigations at Chersonesus. We worked there for three summers. Our focus was a part of the city traditionally believed to be the Jewish sector but I had the opportunity to map approximately 30% of the city. This city's Jewish population pre-dated the Empire but it expanded after the two Romano-Jewish Wars fought between 67 to 132 CE. Outside of the city, close to Balaclava I got to visit an extant legionary camp. The Gothic capital is inland between Yalta and Sevastopol. The valleys of the Inkerman Hills exhibit hundreds of Greek farmsteads from the 5th century BCE to the 3rd century CE. This city survived until its conquest by the Mongols in the mid-14th CE. In the late 9th century it served as a meeting location of Byzantium and the Kingdom of Kviv (Kiev). It's an altogether fascinating part of the larger Mediterranean world and for me a wonderful experience.
So the Massalians invaded Cimmeria, huh...
Conan is not amused...
Simply amazing content once again
Your work is astounding and i'm honored to have our history described and made known by you,sir!
Everyone talks about the great Macedonian empire but not about the long Bosporan Kingdom
When is the next episode of Caesar's civil war???
@Simyacı bruh stop spamming
@@mike-om3hl ooooh, nice
Very informative video, thank you so much
Awesome video, I love this channel.
That was awesome, love ancient greek. I would love to see you carry on about ancient mesopotamia, carry on from where you left off with hammurabi
A want to play Teodora in eu4 now
Yet again facinating episode
One more historically correct video!!!
Keep on the great job!!!
Hey Man, can you also talk about the Diadochi Thracian Kingdom (led by Lysimachus) one of alexander’s successors and bodyguards? I would’ve been really interested.
Diadochi Greek word is still being used means successors
I'm amazed Conan let them settle in his people's lands lol
Hense the "troubled brow." Guy had a lot to deal with.
@@Deridus 🤣
@Metallus Zorax those movies are so bad 🤣
The books are pretty good though.
@@alexanderrahl7034 Sneaky Conan... Arnold was never going to pull that part off.
@Metallus Zorax 🤣 nice idea. Idk who owns the rights to Conan anymore but yea lol.
Send the T - 800 back in time 30,000 years and make em help Conan
Incredible work!
Thank you! I was really curious about Bosphoran Greeks. Just thank you.
". . . .from Alexandria Eschate in Afghanistan . . ." I love your videos, however, Alexandria Eschate or Alexandria Eskhata (Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη), literally "Alexandria the Farthest", was a city founded by Alexander the Great, at the south-western end of the Fergana Valley in August 329 BC. It was the most northeasternly outpost of the Greek Empire in Central Asia, directly before the gates to China. It is situated not in Afghanistan but in modern Tajikistan. Please check out the geographical facts as I show some of your otherwise excellent videos to my students. We appreciate your work. Thank you, Sir!
Leninabad
Very interesting 👌 I'm hearing plenty of unfamiliar names Excellent episode!
Fascinating topic!
Can you do a video about the Dacian Kingdom, please?
Well now it’s time to play as the Bosphorus Kingdom in Rome 2.
Outstanding research and information. This guy right here in Columbus Ohio enjoyed it very much!
Amazing video! Well done!
So you’re telling me that Kirk Douglass is not the only Spartacus???
no he was not. andy whitfield and liam mcIntyre were also spartacus.