ECHO CASE 118 | Echocardiography For Beginners | Echo Cases

A 80 year old male with previous history of valve surgery around 8 years ago, now presented with dyspnea on exertion. Spot the findings in the echocardiography clips and make a diagnosis. Answer will be shown after one minute.
Case 118 FINDINGS: He had mitral valve replaced likely bioprosthetic valve according to appearance which is now degenerated, there is marked thickening of leaflets and flail leaflets. Color Doppler is suggestive of severe Mitral regurgitation, and CW Doppler parameters are suggestive of mitral stenosis as well.
Though the mitral valve can be imaged with TTE using a number of available windows, acoustic shadowing often limits optimal visualization particularly with mechanical valves. Therefore, a complete examination of a mitral prosthesis often involves both TTE and TEE views when there is high threshold of suspicion for dysfunction.
Echocardiographic parameters that should be measured during a complete mitral prosthesis evaluation include the peak mitral inflow velocity, the mean pressure gradient, pressure half time (PHT), DVI, and EOA (reference values are shown in video). Because transmitral velocities and gradients are dependent on heart rate (HR), the HR should be noted on every report to contextualize the hemodynamic findings. Left atrial, left ventricular, and right ventricular enlargement or dysfunction or an elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure can also hint at underlying mitral prosthetic dysfunction.
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[@Pakcardio]

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[@DrMUsmanJaved]

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[@CardioNotes]

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[@InsightNext]

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[@DrMUsmanJaved]

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[@betablocker2164]

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[@DrMUsmanJaved]

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[@Kanimozhi-d8n]

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[@DrMUsmanJaved]

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[@CardioNotes]

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[@DrMUsmanJaved]

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[@my2minutes]

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[@DrMUsmanJaved]

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[@InsightNext]

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[@SoulTouchingLines]

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