Secrets of the Cosmic Microwave Background
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 ธ.ค. 2021
- The cosmic microwave background is the fossil remnant of the fireball of the Big Bang. Aside from demonstrating that the Big Bang happened, it can tell us how big the universe is and how much dark matter and energy the universe contains. In this video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln guides you through this interesting topic.
Where did the Big Bang happen?
• Where did the Big Bang...
What happened before the Big Bang?
• What happened before t...
What really happened at the Big Bang?
• What really happened a...
How far is the edge of the universe?
• How far is the edge of...
Have astronomers disproved the Big Bang?
• Have astronomers dispr...
Cosmic inflation
• Cosmic Inflation
The Big Bang Theory
• The Big Bang Theory
Fermilab physics 101:
www.fnal.gov/pub/science/part...
Fermilab home page:
fnal.gov - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
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I've watched countless CMB videos, but this one actually makes me understand it on a more fundamental level.
The time you take to explain simple things that astrophysicists and cosmologists take for granted is what helped with my understanding.
Don Lincoln supremacy 🛐🛐
I love it when a distinguished physicist uses expressions like "blows my mind." Regardless of how much we know there remains so much more to discover! Our universe endlessly fascinating.
Exactly! To use the numbers he gave here, even if we knew with 100% certainty, everything about everything in the 'visible' universe, we would at best know everything about only 1/125,000,000th of the entire Universe. How does that NOT blow every mind ever???
Some physicist are humans don't you know.
PEACE...
ATLEAST..FROM NOW ON LET US
THANK THE CREATOR..AS THIS
SCIENTIST SAYS " IT BLOWS HIS MIND.."" EVERYTHING IN UNIVERSE RUNNING AWAY FROM ONE ANOTHER..AND THE VISIBLE UNIVERSE VERSES UN VISIBLE IS
ONE IN 125 MILLIONS..
MY GOD IF ONE UNIVERSE IS SOOOO HUGE..WHAT ABOUT
MULTIVERSES..AND WHAT IS THE
SIZE OF SPACE..AS SAID ALL THE
MATTER OF MULTIVERSES JUST
FITS IN..5 % OF SPACE..AND 95 %
OF SPACE IS UNSEEN DARK MATTER...OR GOD'S PARTICLE....
HIGH AND MIGHTY IS HE WHO CREATED..ALL OF THIS AND
GOVERNS......YES HE IS HONEST
IN SAYING "" MIND BLOWING.."..
PEACE...
Everyone says that when they try to interpret everything from scratch in mind. In forms of mathematical statement everything is simple.
This is the best explanation of the CMB I have ever seen! Science communication just keeps getting better and better with each passing year.
Its great that a lot of the content here from Fermilab is easy to understand for the average person. It would be wonderful if more people tuned in to learn more about the universe we live in.
It is the effort of Dr. Lincoln and the willingness of Fermi Lab to fund science outreach efforts that give us a glimpse of these science wonders.
Spread the jam!
Wait so you actually understood this
@@classica1fungus yeap!
@@classica1fungus its like taking a 360deg view photo and than finding out our galaxys relative speed via blue/red shift compared to cwb then editing that out to find if space is flat closed or open. I cant wait for first results from jwt
Wow, finally, a concise explanation of how to calculate the size of the entire universe, as opposed to the visible universe.
Of course, it is still an estimate only because there will be no way to verify the actual size of the entire nonvisible universe.
The explanation of how the estimate is determined with respect to the CMB is awesome.
Fantastic presentation Dr. Don Lincoln!
We don't know the size of the universe, only of the visible part.
This is by far the best explanation of the CMB and the flatness measurements I have ever seen. Not only is it clearer, it answered several questions that the other explanations left me with.
I love listening to Dr. Don Lincoln talk, I feel some sort of nostalgia from one of my favorite shows. Dr. Don Lincoln realy reminds me of Alan Alda on Scientific American Frontiers.
I like how you are starting to go more into mechanistic detail than previous videos, yet keeping it relative easy to understand. Great content Doc, can't wait for the next one!
Dr. Don Lincoln is my favorite Scientist . I like his Style of explaining any Topic of the Astrophysics , Quantum Mechanics and Particle Physics .
Hi Don you and your Team are sooo good! Keep going and have a wonderful christmas and a happy and healthy new year! Thank you so much. We have good cosmology channels here but many a time your videos give me that last brain nudge to really get the point even thou its been a long way to learn all the scientific words... But your excellent clear pronounciation and language help a lot too. Matt from Germany
Wow, great description of how the CMB was measured and refined, along with the amount of info coming out of it. I've seen the same "photo" of it several times, but now understanding the minute variations and the information that is being determined by it is amazing!! I look forward to the next videos on this!!
Thx Fermilab & Dr. Don. Have a merry Christmas and a science video rich new year 🙂
Awesome & totally mind numbing video Dr. Don! Looking forward to the final installment! Happy Holidays to you & your family! Be well and stay safe! 👍👍🎄🎄🎄🎄👍👍
Good information that is well presented. Thank you. Hope to see more of these informative podcasts.
Great video, thanks Don!
Amazing, great video as usual!!
Wonderful and fascinating content as usual.
Thank you for helping dummies like me and taking time for these videos! I’m very appreciative of all the scientists out there.
Thanks, I was awaiting for this one.
That was the best explanation of all of this stuff I have ever seen! Good on yer, doc !
I need a tee shirt that has the quote 'Theres a lot of science in dem dare spots'!
Best Dan Lincoln ever!
Wonderful explanations. What a great lecturer!
Thank you Dr.Don, I feel privileged to know this information. What an exciting time to be alive and have knowledge of the universe. Thanks for breaking it down in an understandable way
Thanks a lot Fermilab. Very informative video👍
wonderful presentation
Merry Christmas to Fermilab!!
This is the best and most informative video I have ever saw about the CMB. Congratulations!
Explained very well. I really enjoyed it.
A fun romp into this area of Astronomy. Waiting for more.
Great presentation!👍
Amazing lecture
It's a golden combination: the history of the various discoveries, and the scientific implications of those. It describes in a few minutes the things that scientists were taught about the CMB over the last 60 years., and it makes it very clear for us viewers. Thanks, this is the best explanation of the CMB that's I've seen!
It's amazing how much information can be inferred from that data set.
BTW I hope everyone at Fermilab has a wonderful Christmas!
Another brilliant video!
Absolutely awesome. Thank you. Never understood the angular thing. You rock.
Thanks for the explanation. It is good to understand from where do these concepts of the ratio visible matter/dark matter came from. And the ratio visible/not visible universe, the flatness of the universe, and so on.
Great content
Since I'm a classical music geek I gotta ask. In linear distance, what was the wavelength of those early sound waves and, if such a comparison is valid, what frequency would that work out to under earth's atmospheric conditions? I guess what I'm asking is this: what note was the Big Bang playing? 🙂
Your question is like asking , "What temperature is middle C?"
Even better - " What temperature is middle C today if it was played 13.5 billion years ago on a piano moving away from us at (some silly fast speed I can't begin to figure out .)
@@AB-qx3pf Valid point.
@Edward Little Makes a very interesting hypothetical question which I also wondered about too.
The only answer I can express is (being half series) it made the sound of Creation.
Quite simple. We know the peak is at about 1° of a 360° circle. We can calculate the angular size distance to CMB source was about 42. Mega light years (which was also our distance to it at that time). So we have a circle with perimeter of 264 Mega light years, divided by 360° we get a wave length of approx. 730'000 light years...
Im not a musican so i dont know exactly which note this is.
PS: From what I read, the source of density fluctuations is a bit older than the CMB. So the wavelength was estimated around 500'000 lightyears but stretched by the expansion of the universe at that time...
How do we know we aren't seeing the heleopause?
Ok, Doc. I trust you and furthermore I wish you and all your collaborators a Merry Christmas and a happy new "light" year!
Another great video
Thank you for a brief but superb explanation of the cosmic microwave background.
Wow, this is so cool. I didn't know that scientists have used the CMB data to make so many interesting measurements of the maximum curvature and dark matter ratio of the modern universe!
Good stuff thanks🌌
Truly amazing stuff
I actually got to see the launch of the COBE satellite at VAFB as a young Mechanical Engineer with my Vintner buddy. Been hooked on Cosmology, Astronomy, Physics, etc. ever since.
Thanks for going into some detail about the CMB, love your videos keep em coming ! Makes me wonder how come our galaxy is moving so fast / slow ?/
I love TH-cam. It offers lots of excellent science programs. Dr. Lincoln makes one of the best.
Thank you all so much for these videos! ❤️ ^.^
great video
Dr. Don thank you.. please understand this thank you is straight from the heart.
Thank you for the science.
Thank you.
This is the best explanation of such famous graph (5:55) I ever heard. I finally understand it. Thank you very much.
@Martin willemse quack quack
This is a lot to understand after only one time. I will need to watch it another time after having slept on it.
You're a godsend, Dr. Lincoln!
Now that is simply amazing. Maybe not simple, but extremely amazing.
Hi Don ! Happy new year !
In one of your next videos, could please you do an update / a complement of "What's the truth about antigravity?", with the results of the BASE experiment at CERN.
Thanks and best regards.
That would be a very boring video. "antimatter behaves exactly as expected, see you next time."
BASE found no indication of anomalous behavior.
Merry Christmas Dr Lincoln!
Live up to 100 years!
Why stop then?
And then drop dead? Hehe.
@@drdon5205 Live longer than a proton then! 😅
Waiting for your next video
What a wonderful Christmas present to all your fans. Thank you!
Great video! In a future episode consider explaining intuitively (if it's possible) exactly WHY and HOW mass/energy bend spacetime. There are countless videos explaining intuitively how gravity and time dilation emerge from this curvature but require that we have already accepted that this happens without any explanation as to why. How did Einstein infer this through thought experiments? Or is this simply an accepted mechanism of reality with no underlying reason, similar to the constants of nature?
THANK YOU PROFESSOR LINCOLN...!!!
" Physics is everything"...!!!
Excellent, clear presentation of the most complex concepts, as usual.
Really excellent video. Are you still taking questions?
At 6:00, you showed the CMB's temperature fluctuations as a function of angular scale has a maximum at about 1 degree. But, what do those other maxima at 0.5 degree, 0.25 degree, 0.18 degree, 0.15 degree, etc, represent?
Dr Lincoln told there were soundwave w/ fundamental wavelength of 1 deg. I assume those weaker amplitudes are harmonic wavelengths.
The information gained from the CMB is amazing.
Best CMB video!
Great science show!
Happy Hollidays, to everyone!
'That's science for ya", exactly, it's what I always loved when working in science and continue to do so. Even though I don't work in it anymore, as politics (mainly on the institute level) and such unfortunately have way more influence on the scientific work than I hoped it had.
Just wow! I wouldn't mind if this was s bit longer with little bit of more details to chew on though...
Great video, but I was a bit confused by how dark matter affects the spacing between the spots. By changing the angle does it not also affect the derived minimum size of the universe? How is the effect of dark matter figured into that calculation?
Yes, the amount of dark matter does affect the minimum size calculation and the curvature measurement. This should make sense as increasing or decreasing the amount of matter density in your model will change the spatial curvature (more stuff curves space more) along with the age of the universe (less time to expand). This does create ambiguity in the curvature result but that can be resolved by the more complicated things more or less dark matter does to the subsequent peaks in the graph shown. So you can determine the amount of dark matter with the relative heights of the first three peaks then look at the first peak for your curvature measurement. The first peak still ends up at about one degree-flat space.
Note: there are still more variables that contribute to the location of that first peak but dark matter density is the primary one.
Thank you for this amazing channel.
Please, can you explain how it is possible a point-like particle (like an electron or a quark) has a cross section which is different from zero? Thanks!
Particles interact with other particles and fields and are scattered by them and the cross section is the surface area 'seen' by those particles. They are also quantum objects that take up space with their wavefunction. A point-like particle is just an approximation, in reality they are spread out.
Do these local differences within the CMB vanish over time as space expands, or does it grow linearly with space?
Yes, amazing. And while I have never heard it said, I assume there is repeatability in the measurements that provides higher confidence. Can you explain the measurement and calculation?
Was literally about to say that blows my mind and then you said it lol
just *a m a z i n g* how much information is hidden in that picture.
*Physics Is Everything!!*
nice video
Awesome as usual. I want to know how you can look for gravitational waves in the CMB. Evidently that will be bad news for string theory.
Merry Christmas
Wow! Nice to finally know how that 500x size was estimated. Simply mind bending...
Unequivocally the most inspired opening as well as closing cards in the game. !
damn , this video is good !!
Dr. Lincoln, what caused the sound waves within plasma? Thank you!
There is a mind blowing fact I wish you could make a video about. When you look at something the further it is the smaller it appear to us, until a certain point, then it starts to appear bigger until it becomes so big it wraps around and we see the big bang.
AMAZING
Certainly mind-blowing!. One question though about measurements of flatness of universe. How do we account for the fluctuations due to high concentrations of gravity? Are they in the 0.2% or already taken out before 0.2% was estimated?
I think the cmb is prior to concentration of mater, just a cloud ☁️.
Can we please start another series like subatomic stories? Maybe for universe and the discoveries around bigger things in life.
4:25 so the answer to the question "if a universe explodes into existence and there's no one there to hear it, does it make a sound" is a resounding yes, we can see the sound it made?
HES BACK!
We miss youu!!
Nice to hear a physicist say that the universe is much bigger than we can see. I feel like this point gets lost at times.
I like the last part when he says "well u know physics is everything"
Don, you give the fractions of ordinary and dark matter as c. 4.86% and c. 25.89%. To what degree do those figures take into account other factors? Because it was my understanding that those or similar numbers were a compromise between fitting the CMB data proper and fitting the implied Hubble rate of expansion.
Good question, i assume that some liberties were taken.
In this lecture temp fluctuations are discussed, but why at 5:55 the Y-axis temp is squared?
is it only me? i just feel smarter by watching these videos :D
Question: Will there be a time in the future when we will no longer be able to detect the CMB given the duration of the afterglow of the Big Bang and/or expansion of space-time?
Is it possible to see the variations of the CMB from earth at a resolution similar to COBE?
Amazing video! But I'm a bit lost as to how you went from the curvature of space, to the size of the universe. Is that because if space is curved by a non zero number, even very small, at some point it wraps around itself? But I feel like there's a lot of assumptions there: That there would be stuff everywhere, that the experimental measurement would be accurate.. And all of that because the variations in the CMB are interpreted as sound waves? That sure seems far fetched from my perspective but eh, I'm not a physicist ^^
Watched all of it
Interesting... does the correction for the Doppler shift mean, that somewhere there is a stationary point, which does not move with respect to CMB?
For a certain point of view, it's a little ironic that the matter called ordinary is only 4.9%