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@@sylwiatime To be clear, I meant it is so complicated that most Poles learn how to use it properly in their adulthood ;) Can't imagine what effort a foreign has to put into mastering it. 😱
@@OdZeraDoShootera Seriously, no one learns how to use them at school. You already know it if you grew up in Poland. It's intuitive. What we learn at school is the theory but we already know the usage from practice. Take 4-5 year old kids. They'll be using all the cases seamlessly.
@@sylwiatime So in other words, we know how to use it intuitively, but only a select few know how to explain the logic behind it. For instance, I know PL/EN/GER but if you asked me for grammar rules theory I couldn't tell you, even though I know how to use them perfectly in practice.
I'm Polish learning Portuguese and I have problems with memorising a few irregular verbs. When I lose motivation I always remind myself that there are people learning Polish right now 😄
LOL So many people told you to stay away from gramma and you haven't listened! The first guy was so confusing even I didn't understand him. The woman made it much simpler. But you really don't need cases early on. If you say in a coffee shop "Poproszę kawa" no one will shoot you.
Listening to the first guy made me doubt my competence in Polish and I always had very good grades in grammar classes at school. Seriously, it was so confusing.
@@leno_o17 That guy shouldn't be a teacher. He didn't have any clear idea of what he wanted to explain and kept introducing more grammar without thinking it's too much at once, like throwing in "swój" and then trying to explain what it means when it's a concept on its own rather foreign to English speakers. He kept forgetting what he was talking about and then ended up reading from his notes. If he can't grasp it how can he explain it to others?
Yeah, and you will easier understand everything, knowing the meaning of "base" words. I live in Germany and speak polish at home - my kids cas read and write polish and still sometimes make errors in cases. It sounds funny, but also cute and everybody will understand. I make similar mistakes in my german 😁
@@sylwiatime yea, but cases are something not existing in eng so explanation of it is hard like learning those while being native eng speaker, like for us, Poles, understenting the artickles
Kochałam gramatykę i ortografię z j. polskiego. Przypadki są spoko👍mianownik kto? co?, dopełniacz kogo? czego? ( nie ma), celownik komu? czemu? ( się przyglądam), biernik kogo co( widzę), narzędnik z kim ? z czym?( się spotykam),miejscownik o kim, o czym( myślę ), wołacz o! (Matko)
The way I (and many others) learned cases in school was by remembering at least one verb that goes with a given case. For instance: Mianownik (Nominative) - just a basic form of a noun. Used as a subject in sentences. Mama. Pies. Góry (plural form of "góra"). Dopełniacz (Genitive) - nie mieć. Kogo/czego nie ma? (who/what is not there?) Nie ma mamy (Mom is not there). Nie ma psa (The dog is not there). Nie ma gór (The mountains are not there) etc. Another way is to remember about Saxon Genitive in English, meaning posession. Polish Genitive also works like that. My mom's birthday - Urodziny mojej mamy. Celownik (Dative) - przyglądać się. Komu/czemu się przyglądam? (Who/what am I looking at?) Przyglądam się mamie. Przyglądam się psu. Przyglądam się górom. Biernik (Accusative) - lubić (or kochać). Kogo/co lubię? (Whom/what do I like?) Lubię mamę. Lubię psa. Lubię góry. Narzędnik (Instrumental) - interesować się. Kim/czym się interesuję? (Who/what am I interested in?) Interesuję się mamą. Interesuję się psem. Interesuję się górami. Miejscownik (Locative) - mówić o. O kim/o czym mówię? (Who/what am I talking about?) Mówię o mamie. Mówię o psie. Mówię o górach. Wołacz (Vocative) - o! (meaning exclaming oh!, used to call somebody or exclaim about something) Mamo! Psie! Góry! (you can imagine a poet starting his poem with the exclamation "Oh fair mountains! (O piękne góry!)" or sth like that). You can google verbs going with specific cases. Just google for instance "czasowniki łączące się z rzeczownikiem w bierniku", and you'll have verbs that go with accusative. And remember that adjectives follow the case of the noun they describe.
Remember though: These patterns are for Polish primary school kids. They already know the conjugation by heart. They're just learning to recognize the structures and inner workings behind the language they already speak.
@@JedrzejP Well, yes and no. While learning languages it's good to learn patterns - whole sentences or at least phrases. And then expand from it. For instance teaching people about modal verbs in English I always tell them - if you know how to make sentences with "can", you can make sentences with all the other modals.
Hi Wes - Honestly don't learn cases like that because it's not very effective. The best way is to introduce each case in turn, during the course. Otherwise, it will be difficult for You to feel the differences between them. And.. we have many exceptions to the rules in Polish, so you will unnecessarily have a difficult start. So, if You really want to absorb Polish quickly, focus on a course (or textbook), and expand that with vocabulary related to your job, hobby, environment etc. Good luck and 加油!
Respect man for trying to learn our language! No easy feat! Once I taught Polish to someone in NYC for a while. It was incredibly hard on my end because every time I veered off the script and suggested a sentence my student would inadertantly stumble upon some strange case ending. I couldn't believe how frustrating it was to both of us. Good luck!
You got this Wes! Enjoying watching your progress. I love Krok po Kroku for Polish grammar learning. They have an online platform, their grammar course goes through each case with loads of exercises to complete to help consolidate learning. Each exercise set in different contexts and varying formats. Everything in their courses is written in Polish which can be intense but I find that level of immersion really helpful.
Hi , we are happy you've been learning with us again :) The video you have chosen is just an overview of cases, simply to get familiar with the concept of cases in Polish, but if you really want to dive into it, then I suggest you watch videos about specific cases, starting fro accusative and instrumental is a good idea. Also, for the accusative, think how in English you are saying 'I like her', rather than 'I like she', this is the exact concept of the accusative - 'she' is changed to 'her' because it is an object not a subject of your sentence. However in English you just do it with pronouns (him, her, me) whereas in Polish the changes are applied to nouns and adjectives as well. Hope it helps :) Fingers crossed for your progress, you are doing really well!
I think the best way for you to grasp this is to learn a useful sentence for each case (the lady introduced it well). This way you can later practice declination of the nouns and adjectives, but with the very same verb. In primary school children are always made to practice the declination going through all 7 cases. I remember using exactly the same verbs in my head to figure out the endings of the words (in order not to confuse the cases). For example: Mianownik: kto? co? - Co jest w szufladzie? W szufladzie jest duża kawa. (What's in the drawer? There's a large coffee in the drawer. - I know, stupid, but grammatically it works.) Dopełniacz: kogo? czego? - Czego nie lubię? Nie lubię dużej kawy. (What don't I like? I don't like a large coffee.) Celownik: komu? czemu? - Komu dałam kwiaty? Dałam kwiaty dużej kawie. (Whom did I give flowers to? I gave flowers to a large coffee. - I know, stupid, but grammatically it works.) Biernik: kogo? co? - Co widzę? Widzę dużą kawę. (What am I seeing? I'm seeing a large coffee.) Narzędnik: z kim? z czym? - Z czym idę? Idę z dużą kawą. (What am I walking with? I'm walking with a large coffee.) Miejscownik: o kim? o czym? - O czym rozmawiam? Rozmawiam o dużej kawie. (What am I talking about? I'm talking about a large coffee.) Wołacz: o! - Hej, duża kawo! Posłuchaj mnie! (Hej, you large coffee! Listen up! - I know, stupid, but grammatically it works.)
Oh man I absolutely hated learning these god damn cases when I was a kid. Honestly, the videos you've watched confuse me because I've grown so used to using the language by the gut feeling. I definitely would *not* want to go trough the learning polish journey again. Mad respect for you Wes for attempting this. Powodzenia!
I think it helps a lot to first understand what cases are actually for. You see, most sentences have a subject, a verb and possibly a bunch of other stuff the verb refers to. Take for example the sentence "Tom dug out the tree's roots with a shovel.". There are several things going on here. At the beginning we have the subject. The verb is the past tense form of "to dig out", which itself is a phrasal verb formed from the regular verb "to dig" and the preposition "out". Then you have the object which has been dug out, "the tree's roots". We can tell it's the direct object because of where it is in the sentence. And finally there's the "with a shovel" part, which tells us what he used to dig out those roots. In Polish that sentence would be: "Tomek wykopał łopatą korzenie drzewa." First we have the subject, as always in the nominative case. Then we have the verb "wykopał" which is a conjugated version of "wykopać" - "to dig out" (and "to dig" would be just "kopać"). Then there is "łopatą". It is the instrumental form of "łopata" - "shovel". The case tells us that this is what he used for the digging. Finally we have the direct object - "korzenie drzewa". It's in the accusative form, but as it sometimes happens, it's exactly the same as the nominative would be. As you might have noticed, the Polish version used a bit different order than the English one did. But in contrast to English, the role a noun plays in the sentence isn't purely determined by its position. The cases are doing most of the work, so we can write "Tomek wykopał korzenie drzewa łopatą." and it would be perfectly fine! The focus of the sentence has just shifted from the roots to the shovel. (You can achieve a similar thing in English by applying the right intonation btw.)
Gdybym nie był Polakiem, to wolałbym się uczyć języka, dajmy na to, argentyńskiego zamiast polskiego, tym bardziej, że taki język jak argentyński nie istnieje.
The word "swój" is a possessive pronoun, that is used when the subject of the sentence and the possessor of an object are one and the same: Jan has Jan's car - Jan has *his own* car - Jan ma *swój* samochód Jan has Adam's car - Jan has *his* car - Jan ma *jego* samochód another example: I have *my* book - mam *swoją* książkę You have *my* book - masz *moją* książkę In the first sentence the possessor and the subject are the same, but in the second one that is no longer the case, which is why a specifying "moją" pronoun is used instead of "swoją". There are exceptions though and don't be surprised to hear people ignore this rule sometimes. I'm sure that once you become more fluent you will be able to subconciously copy the intricate speach patterns people use everyday.
I polish you can say "musieć"(to have to")instead of "potrzebować"(to need) oftentimes So instead of potrzebuję you can say muszę So it's a bit like in english that you can say "require" but most of the time you rather say "need"
Swój is like "su" in Spanish - it replaces all possesive words like "my, his, her, theirs" etc. He kinda explained the mianownik badly. It's not only used in "to jest X", but mainly in "X verb ..." Whenever you say Noun is doing something you use the Noun in nominative. "Dog is eating a sousage" = "Pies (mianownik) je kiełbasę (biernik)". But in the end don't worry about the cases too much. Kids speak perfect Polish without understanding what a case is, they just know what sounds "right". Then they learn at school they were using these complicated 7 cases system :)
I have the impression that learning that as Polish in Polosh school was looking much easier. I mean that I dont remember even half of this terminology, we just drilled questions for each cases that helped to create it from base word. I suppose learning as foreginer is different and more difficult in the result.
02:50 There's so many errors in this video! ;o Don't learn from that dude. "Kogo jest samochód?" is grammatically incorrect. It should be "Czyj jest samochód?" (Whose is the car?) So ironic that they used the wrong case in a video that is supposed to teach about cases :q You use "kogo?" when you ask about a person, not possession. For example, "Kogo lubisz bardziej?" = "Whom do you like more?", or about someone who's missing, e.g. "Kogo nie było na imprezie?" = "Who was missing at the party?"
„swój” samochód = „his own” car I think this the closest it gets in translating “swój”. You are doing great cracking polish pronunciation! Keep it up and in few months you will speak the language. ❤
02:26 The search engine misguided you :q "swój" is not "your" (that would be "twój"), it's more like "his/her/its own". For example, you can say "Widzę swoje nogi" = "I can see my (own) legs", the ones belonging to me and not someone else's.
Yeah i think the first video was better but I understand how it would be harder to understand than the second one, there is soo much to learn about cases and they have to mix flawlessly in normal conversations it really is almost impossible to speak Polish like a native if you dont live here
In my opinion, the easiest way to start is to learn combinations of verb plus noun (as the lady in the second video demonstrates), and each time you learn a new noun, learn that word along with the verb or phrase you need. E.g. it will be useful to learn the expression "Nie mam + gen." ("I don't have+ gen."), i.e.: Nie mam kawy, herbaty, wody, dziewczyny, rodziny. (I don't have coffee, tea, water, girlfriend, family.) Nie mam psa, kota, chłopaka. (I don't have a dog, a cat, a boyfriend.) Nie mam dziecka, krzesła, biurka, mieszkania. (I don't have a child, a chair, a desk, an apartment.)
As you may have noticed, I have divided the nouns by gender. The first group is the feminine, the second the masculine, the third the neuter. But there are also other endings, for the sake of simplicity I have not given words that are more difficult to conjugate.
Hi Wes, I'm watching your struggles with polish from the beginning. This was already mentioned in other comments, but really, don't focus on exact grammar, but on pronunciation instead. If you will say "Oni chce jeść kolacja ("They wants eat supper") instead of "Oni chcą jeść kolację" ("They want to eat supper"), everyone will understand you and will be very happy that you're making an effort to communicate. Later on you will notice that "she" is "ona" and "they" are "oni (m) / one (f)" and will gradually improve what you are saying. However, if you're pronouncing "j" as "ż" (as in "jean-michelle jarre" instead of as in "yes", "yellow"), you have a guarantee that nobody will understand what you mean by "ża żem" when you meant "ja jem" (I eat). Pronunciation in polish is dead simple (as you saw previously on other video; there are very minor regional differences or slackers who just don't care how they pronounce), so nobody expects to hear "o" instead of "ó" or "że" instead of "j" - and as a result, nobody will understand it, as they are very different sounds. Just imagine if you would be saying in a sentence "fool" ("ó") instead of "fall" ("o") or "Jess" ("dże") instead of "yes" ("j"). "I like when leaves fool from the trees" or "Q: Do you want 100$? A: Jess.". I see you're using google translate to check the meaning of words - that's great (but very incorrect when you checked "swoj" which was incorrectly translated to "your", while "swój" is "belonging to one", where "one" can be any of "me"/"you"/"him"/"her"/"them". Think of when you're saying "Their car", when you don't know if it's in fact "his"/"hers"/"their".). But please, use polish diacritics to minimize translation errors - "ó", not "o", "ą", not "a" etc. Also - use the "speaker" icon in google translate to hear the pronunciation.
All cases answer to certain qustion. But kids learn this but adding to them whole sentence to better visualize what about they asking. Nominative - Who is this/what is this Genitive - Who is not there/what is not there Dative - who I am looking at/what I am looking at Accusative - Who I see/what I see Instrumental - Whom I am going with/with what I am going (which means "what or who is taking part in the action I am performing") Locative - Whom I am thinking about/What I am thinking about When it comes to the endings that are appropriate for this, there are as many rules as exceptions, so I don't even know how one could go about learning it.
I can see that you still have trouble with the letter "j". It's not pronounced like in English :) I think it would help you if you remembered that in Polish every "j" is in fact similar to "i" (pronounced like English "ee" in Polish). True, it is a consonant, not a vowel, but it is like a consonant equivalent of "i". So maybe just imagining every "j" as "i" would help? For instance try to see "jest" as "iest" and read it that way?
@@maxsz91 I am aware of it, but maybe when reading it would be easier for him to make this connection - "j" looks like a long "i" and is practically pronounced as such. Which also kind of historically correct, as "j" was originally a variant of "i" in Latin.
My mum is Bulgarian and we came to Poland when I was 6. It took her around 4-5 years to master 95% of Polish and then another 8 or so to master final 5%. I reached my peers' level in a few months. Small kids are some other creatures when it comes to learning languages.
Big props for trying to learn grammar for nouns, but from practical point of view, learning grammar for verbs is much more beneficial: "Tańczę" -> "i'm dancing" "Tańczy" -> "he/she is dancing" "Tańczył" -> " he was dancing" " Tańczyła" ->she was dancing. "Tańczyłem" -> I was dancing (and i'm a male) " Tańczyłam "-> I was dancing ( and i'm a female) "Tańczyli na weselu" -> They were dancing on wedding. "Tańczyły na weselu" -> Women (or children) were dancing on wedding (there was no grown up male dancing with them, because form " Tańczyły" stricty points out, there was no man dancing, only women/children. If there was at least 1 man dancing form would be " tańczyli") Single word just by changing it suffix gives information about: Time (present vs past) Whom (me, thou, he/she/it, us, you, them)
Well, that's when all of my foreign friends go nuts. So I help them with Polish; things are going smoothly at first. We go through important phrases and words, noun genders, etc., and everything seems fine, UNTIL I introduce the cases. Yep...in all honesty...it's like switching from A1 to C1 level in no time, only your mind is still at A2 at max. :D Also... I guess it's really hard to find a good Polish to English translator, as a sentence 'To jest Paweł, on ma swój samochód' would be translated as 'This is Paweł, he has his own car'. So "swój" in that very sentence, means something different than "your". If you were to say: wyzwól swój potencjał/unleash your potential...yep, then we can talk about that certain meaning. :)
Mam kawę vs nie mam kawy Mam (kogo co?) Nie mam (kogo czego?) Also I know this will be annoying, but please remember that J in Polish is read as Y from English (like in yellow). Moja kawa would be read as moya kava. Thank you :)
The way polish cases have been presented in the first video doesn't satisfy me, so I'll try to explain them to you myself. I'll only talk about the meaning of each case without touching on the forms as that would require me to have a knowledge of Polish grammar on a technical level that I simply don't possess. There are multiple declensions in polish and there isn't a single system that would organise all of them. I think I can confidently state that mastering polish declensions will be _the_ hardest step in learning this language. Mianownik - Nominative It's considered the base form of a noun. Any noun you find a translation for in a traditional dictionary will be in its nominative form. It's used to mark the subject in a sentence, that is someone or something performing an action: *kot* idzie - *a cat* is walking *ja* niosę - *I'm* carrying Dopełniacz - Genitive (possessive) Its main use is to mark a possessor of something. It works almost identically to the way it does in english, save for the word order: dom *pracownika* - *a worker's* house Pronouns however are usually placed exactly like in english: *mój* dom - *my* house there are other roles this case performs but first the accusative has to be introduced Biernik - Accusative On declension charts, dative comes before accusative but they will be simpler to explain by flipping the order. The accusative is used to mark the object of a sentence, that is someone or something that is being affected by the action directly: widzę *go* - I see *him* widzę *szkołę* - I see *a school* so: he - nominative, him - accusative szkoła - nominative, szkołę - accusative there are exceptions to this. first of all, in negative sentences the accusative is replaced by the genitive: widzę *szkołę* - I see *a school* (accusative) nie widzę *szkoły* - I don't see *a school* (genitive) second exception is a bit niche but maybe you'll find it interesting. The genitive replaces the accusative as the object when the object is of unspecified quantity or a part of something: dasz mi *wodę* ? - will you give me *water* ? (accusative) dasz mi *wody* ? - will you give me *some water* ? (genitive) third exception I can think of is that some verbs will simply require you to use genitive as their object: żądamy *chleba* - we demand *bread* (genitive) Celownik - dative It's used to mark the indirect object in a sentence, that is someone or something affected by the action indirectly. It's simpler in use then in definition: dała *koledze* książkę - she gave a book *to a friend* naprawił *mi* auto - he repaired the car *for me* Dative just like genitive is used to mark the object of certain verbs instead of the accusative: zaufał *przyjaciołom* - he trusted his *friends* (dative) Narzędnik - instrumental It's used to mark a tool or means by which an action is performed: uderzył go *patykiem* - he hit him *with a stick* Miejscownik - locative This one is used mainly after certain prepositions. As a matter of facts most if not all of the above cases are to be used after specific prepositions under specific circumstances, for example: o psie - about a dog (locative) do psa - to a dog (genitive) z psem - with a dog (instrumental) There is no easily explainable logic behind it, it's essentially arbitrary. that is a completely different topic though. Wołacz - vocative It's used to mark the adresee: boże! - oh god! chodź tu, *piesku* - come here, *doggy* Last thing I should mention, the adjectives also decline accordingly: duży pies - a big dog (nominative) dużego psa - a big dog's (genitive) dużemu psu - to a big dog (dative) dużego psa - a big dog (accusative) dużym psem - with a big dog (instrumental) o dużym psie - about a big dog (locative) o duży psie! - oh big dog! (vocative)
Yes, the 2nd was less complicated. We actually also learn it with verbs. Mianownik kto? Co? Dopelniacz kogo? Czego? Nie ma... Celownik komu? Czemu? Przygladam się Biernik kogo? Co? Widzę Narzednik z kim? Z czym? Miejscownik o kim? O czym? Wolacz o!
The first dude cannot explain the topic, it's chaotic and too much stuff for one video. He makes me want to become a teacher because I'd do this better 😂 The lady nailed it way much better, it was simple and to the point 👍
The second video is better, but the order of cases is wrong. This is correct order: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, vocative. It is better to rembember the correct order of grammatical cases.
I've seen many videos about cases, not just in Polish, but in other languages too, and they're ALWAYS explained VERY TERRIBLY. Too much obscure grammar terms, too many examples that are incomprehensible to beginners, and too many errors made by the teachers who either don't speak Polish themselves, or cannot explain it well, because they use it intuitively without thinking. So my advice for you is this: Don't learn the cases and their grammar yet. Focus on vocabulary. Even if you use a wrong case while speaking, people should still be able to understand you anyway, or they will correct you on the go. Instead of studying large declension tables and grammar rules, focus on phrases and speech patterns, and learn cases gradually, one by one, as you need them. Obviously, the most important case is the nominative (mianownik), because that's the "dictionary form" that allows you to look up a word in a dictionary. You use it for naming things, people, pointing at them, asking about them etc. The next one might be the genitive (dopełniacz), which is used to form possessives, like "Ogon psa" = "The dog's tail" or "The tail of the dog" in English. Here "ogon" is nominative, because that's the main thing we're talking about, and "psa" (of the dog) is the genitive form of "pies" (dog). So in Polish you can talk about possessions and properties by simply changing the form of a word from nominative to genitive. You can practice this case by forming such phrases, e.g. "mama Tomka" (Tomek=Tom, a person's name in nominative) = "Tom's mom". Quite useful when talking about family, so you can learn it along with that. Genitives are also used in polish to talk about lack of something (notice the word "of", which is often an indication that you should use a genitive), e.g. "nie ma kota" = "There's no cat" (literally: "not have cat"), or you can think of it as "There's none OF the cat there" to bring the idea of genitive to your mind. (nominative: kot = the cat, kota = of the cat). I'll try writing some more about other cases in follow-up comments, if TH-cam will allow me :q
Part 3: Dative (celownik) is used for indirect objects, like "I gave food [to the cat]" or "I gave [the cat] food". In Polish it would be "Dałem jedzenie [kotu]". If you see "to someone/something" in English, it will most likely be dative in Polish. Kot = cat (nominative), kotu = to the cat (dative), kota = of the cat (genitive). Locative is used when you're talking ABOUT places, things, people etc. For example, "I heard about the cat" = "Słyszałem o kocie". If you see "about" in English, it will most likely be locative in Polish. Locatives are also used in prepositional phrases, to locate things in space and time. E.g. "Książka jest [na (stole)]" = "The book is [on (the table)]". The nominative "stół" = "table" changes into locative "stole" when used with certain prepositions such as "na" (on), "przy" (next to, at). Careful though, because certain group of prepositions go with certain cases. Some use locatives, other use accusatives, other still use instrumentatives, so it's best to learn these cases when you learn those groups of prepositions. Sometimes a preposition can use more than one case, changing the meaning slightly. But that's for later. Instrumentative is used when you use something as a tool, or as an aid to do something, or something or someone is accompanying you during an activity. For example, "Kopię nogami" = "I'm kicking WITH my legs" (i.e. using my legs for the kicking). "Nogi" = "legs" (nominative), "nogami" = "with my legs" (accusative). Or "Spaceruję z kolegą" = I'm walking with my colleague". So if you hear "with" or "using" in English, that's probably an instrumentative in Polish.
Part 4 (last): And finally, vocatives are used when you address someone or something directly, and this is pretty much the only use of that case. E.g. if someone's name is Michał (Michael), you can say to him: "Witaj, Michale!" (Hello, Michael!), or "Michale, uważaj na siebie" (Take care of yourself, Michael). But it wouldn't be too bad if you use nominative, people will still get it, and even some native Poles talk like that: "Witaj, Michał!", "Michał, uważaj na siebie". That's why I left this one for the end - because it's not that useful. So yeah, long story short: don't memorize declension tables - learn cases one by one, in the context in which they're used.
If Polish was not my native language, I couldn't learn it. I even have troubles with other Slavic languages. Similarities doesn't help. Slavic languages are incredibly hard. I don't think that any of those videos did a good job... As a Pole, we learn the proper endings naturally, by hearing, so when we go to school and do some exercises, we get more tricky and less popular words to learn more, but basically, it's just learned by heart. In other words, you can learn what cases in Polish are, how you apply them, some basic rules, but it won't teach you how to use them for real. That is why, Poles are also terrible when explaining cases, because they learned them in natural way, which is not an option for you, unless you are incredibly linguistically talented. What I found confusing is that the videos were constantly using different examples for various cases, instead of choosing one word and go over the cases, then do another one and so on. Another thing I found confusing is that they didn't convey the questions in the coherent manner. Questions for cases determine which case to use. Also, it is important to always match personal and object question together. For example: I am going to the cinema with my girl. You would ask with who (z kim?). If you replace the person with an object, like book, you would ask with what (z czym?). Having the pair of those questions points to the proper case. However, this is an easy example. Let's try a tricky one. For example, you want to say: I want to buy avocado. Avocado is an object. So you would ask, WHAT do you want to buy. Question WHAT points for two cases, either: Mianownik or Biernik. So you still don't know which one to use. To figure it out, you need to transform the object into a person, no matter how absurd that may sound. However, in this case, we have an issue. In English, you would ask for object (what - co?) or person (who - kto), which also leads to Mianowinik (Nominative), which is incorrect. This shows, how unintuitive this is for someone who tries to learn it from English. So why Nominative is incorrect? Because it's Biernik (Accusative), because in polish, we would ask, kogo/co, not kto/co. So the mystery lies in finding the right question and the rules behind them. Since I am not a teacher, I don't have that answer, but I'm sure there is one. But since you don't know it either, the whole concept of cases falls apart for you, because for some cases, you will be able to decipher proper questions, for others you won't. And let's talk about the elephant in the room. Even if you can figure out the case (first hardship), you need to know how to apply for the given adjective (two hardships at once, because there will different endings for different words, so probably multiple rules here), know exceptions (another hardship), gender of the noun (another hardship) which modifies the endings and so on. To figure it out is like a complicated puzzle and you don't have capacity to use on the fly. The only way to use naturally is... to remember endings without rules, just know that when using this verb you use this ending with this word... Imagine how many possibilities there are. You cannot learn them by repeating and learning consciously. This happens when you don't think about it and that is how adults rarely learn. Some tricks to learn it is to learn which verbs go with which cases. So HAVE is different case then IS. BUY is different from TELL and so on. Again, as Poles, it is easier for us to ask a question to figure out the case,so when asked, we don't know which case we are using, we must ask the question to figure out the case, but don't need to do it, because we use it naturally by knowing that this verb with this noun needs this specific ending.
Polish cases are complicated because of many reasons: -because kids have more stuff to learn instead of disturbing adults, and that's a lot of homework meaning more peaceful afternoon for parents -because no one can really pretend to know Polish unless he starts learning it at 6 years old, and using every day. Even Slavic nations finds it difficult. -because we find it sort of hilarious when foreigners try to even use our grammar sometimes that's basically free lol content -because we skipped 16 different god-damn tenses when 5 is enough to communicate precisely we went the easy way on this front and life just can't be too easy so we have cases instead.
Oh, my. Treading dangerous waters there, bud. Anyway, let's turn up the heat. Two given nouns of the same grammatical gender can have different endings in same cases, as we have different conjugations. (As we do in latin. And ancient greek. I don't know about any other languages.)
I certainly hope that when You finally learn Polish at least to the point that you can understand Polish songs then you will come back to some of your reaction videos. For sure you should revisit “Dziwny jest ten Świat”. I recommend songs written by Agnieszka Osiecka she is considered best song writer in Poland. Remember Coca Cola slogan? That’s It. Guess who’s idea that was.
But in these examples in the first, second minute, about nominativ, in the sentences, the noun is not subject(podmiot) any more, it is object(dopełnienie) What is this? This is ... .
5:30 sorry bro, but I didn't even know what you said except "to jest". You keep pronouncing the "j" in "mój" as in English, although in Polish it makes the "y" sound. And "ó" is not an "o". It makes the same sound as "u" in Polish or similar to "oo" in cool. Ó is never O and J is never Dż. And as to the word "książka" you pronounced it completely wrong. If I were you I would focus on pronunciation. Polish is an extremely phonetic language, so it's not that hard to learn what sounds letters make. You seem to have a very basic understanding of it. It's nice to see you trying to learn Polish though. Don't give up!
hey mate, as a typical Polish person who complaints a lot...you declared 6 months ago on your channel, that you will not learn Polish unless you will have a Polish partner...either inconsistency or I sense a romance here is happening *END OF COMPLAINT* ->> keep up to good work. I am facing learning German and one of many Swiss German Dialects, so trust me, I am uniting with you in learning difficult confusing languge. Speaking of pronunciation -> you seem to pronounce 'j' as in English (J->Joker), whereas in fact, in Polish it is simply a longer 'i' ( like E in Echo). So 'J' would rather sound like English 'Y' in the word 'Yeti'. Hope you got it. Polish letters are systemised in a phonetic system. They always address the same sound...unlike in English...Knight or night etc. English has counter-intuitive rules of pronunciation, whereas in Polish the system is the same. So, you are doing amazing job, however, J is not pronounced as in the word 'Job' -> mojej, you would rather read as...'Moyey' (Mojej) using the sound like in 'Yeti'
Seriously, the time you should be focusing on grammar is years from now. 99% of daily language use depends on vocabulary alone, whether it's reading official documents, information placards, shopping or just hanging out with people. If you know your words, you will still be able to understand and say what you need to, because the information conveyed by grammar is usually doubled entirely in the contextual layer, e.g. it's obvious you've been reading a book, and not book has been reading you. I won't say nobody will mock you for saying "please coffee give" or stuff like that - but it's not about your language skills. We love self deprecating humor, so your mistakes will just fuel social interactions, not impede them - and superficial mocking aside, there's always solid dose of respect for anybody not born here trying to tackle Polish in depth. There's enough people with English skills in Poland for you to thrive without ever learning a word in Polish, so you are free to choose whether you want to - and if you choose the hard way, we will be aware and appreciative of it.
Żaden język nie jest prosty. Różnica jest taka, że polski jest trudny od początku bo jest dużo gramatyki, ale mało który Polak mówi dobrze po angielsku, mimo że gramatyka wydaje się taka prosta.
@@sylwiatime Problem jest taki że Polski ma mnóstwo określonych zasad i bardzo szczegółowych reguł, z wieloma wyjątkami. Dodatkowo jest czytany tak jak się pisze, z wyjątkiem ubezdźwięcznień. Angielski z kolei to po prostu pamięciówka. Uczyłem się chyba 10 lat wszystkich czasów typu future simple czy past perfect participle a dalej nie wiem który to który. Dodatkowo angielska gramatyka także nie ma sensu i zależy tylko od "bo tak jest". Wymowa wyrazów też od niczego nie zależy i należy się każdego słowa nauczyć na pamięć. Door a book czy read, dead czy great. Tough - thought - though.
@@Mr_Topek akurat gramatyka angielska ma dużo sensu (w przeciwieństwie do pisowni). Natomiast prawdziwa trudność w angielskim leży w idiomach. 99% Polaków zna angielski na średnio-zaawansowanym poziomie, mimo że się uczyli latami, ale dalej wierzą, że angielski jest prosty.
:) Once again nice Bro, a little fun sentence for You: "Ucz się ucz, bo nauka to potęgi klucz. Aaa jak będziesz mieć dużo kluczy to zostaniesz wożnym" ;) try to translate by yourself and get some contecst peace ✌
she missleads you though, potrzebuję kawę is the correct form. potrzebuję kawy is what people say, but its not correct. same with sth like chcę kawę/chcę kawy. the second one is plural, more general. but if you want just one drink, you say kawę.
Not to be rude but I am Polish and I was pretty good at grammar while at school. And I still wouldn't understand what that guys is saying. He needlessly complicates the whole thing.
I was taught in primary school these seven cases and what questions they answer and I could never learn it, considering this knowledge completely senseless and useless. Fortunately I am Polish and I never have to wonder which one to use ;)
Please please please react to "na szczycie" (you reacted to the original) but in the orchestra version, it's so goood❗️❗️🫶 th-cam.com/video/b8gbdeGUnR0/w-d-xo.htmlsi=n5GRwns00vEAH_Zx
Jesli masz na mysli "kazdy mlody Polak" to owszem. Moja ganeracja w przewazajacej wiekszosci umie. I potem widze takie kwiatki,ze cudzoziemiec mowi po polsku bardziej poprawnie niz polowa komentujacych.
@@xertijagee2812 no może nie każdy ale np moja mama czy mój tata mylą się i nawet nie zwracają na to uwagi. Powiedziałabym że często popełnia się błędy w odmianie tylko omy nie zwracamy zazwyczaj na to uwagi bo właśnie później jest tak że obcokrajowcy mówią bardziej poprawnie niż Polacy
@@sanjoriichan No dobrze a ile lat ma twoja mama? Ja mam 65 i nie mam z tym problemu. Nauczono mnie tego dobrze w szkole sredniej (zreszta nie tylko jezyka ojczystego paru innych rzeczy tez)
@@sanjoriichan No bo jestes z dyche mlodszy od mojego dziecka wszystko sie zgadza :) EDIT: Wiesz jaki jest najprostszy test na wiek rozmowcy? Jak nie wie kiedy uzywac "mi" a kiedy "mnie" i w kolko jest "mi mi mi mimi"Przyklad?"MI to sie sprawia problemu" (zamiast MNIE)
Honestly, you picked really bad video to learn cases. Guy explains cases in the way that is hard understand for a native. And he mixes in unnecessary and unrelated stuff, which makes it more complicated.
@@bonbonpony twój przykład z niemowlakami jest bezsensowny z kilu powodów. Po pierwsze aby dziecko zaczeło składnie mówić potrzebuje około 6 lat nauki podczas której cały czas mówi się do niego w języku. Pozatym nie umie innego języka dlatego nie mylą mu się zwroty czy zasady. Pozatym niemowlak to dziecko poniżej jednego roku życia. Oznacza to że wogule nie mówi. Dlatego powtarzam jeszcze raz, zastanówn się zanim coś napiszesz
We use mianownik to show who is doing something for example HE is running (ON biega). We use dopełniacz for example to say that there isn't a GIRL (tam nie ma DZIEWCZYNY) or i don't see SOMEONE (nie widzę KOGOŚ). I can't explain how celownik works, so I'll just give you example : I owe this success to my FRIEND (zawdzięczam ten sukces mojemu PRZYJACIELOWI). We use biernik to say on whom do the action. I'm looking at this COW (patrzę na tą KROWĘ), I'm holding this CUP (trzymam ten KUBEK), I invited your SISTER to the party (zaprosiłem twoją SIOSTRĘ na przyjęcie). Biernik is the same as mianownik for masculine and neuter things (not people and animals). We use narzędnik to say what we are using for an action or who/what we are doing this action with. Rzucam NOŻEM (I throw a KNIFE), I'm walking with DOG (chodzę z PSEM). We use miejscownik to say about who we are doing something, about who we are talking/listening. We are talking about HORSES (rozmawiamy o KONIACH), I'm taking a course about PHYSICS (mam kurs o FIZYCE). We use wołacz very rare, it's not so important as the others. We use it when we want to adress someone or something. Dear TEACHER ... (drogi NAUCZYCIELU). We also transform adjectives, numerals and some pronouns, not only nouns. I hope it'll help and sorry for all the mistakes but I'm also a student and I'm still learning about them too(8th grade).
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- What is your superpower?
- I speak Polish.....
-So do you understand all the rules in 100%?
-Mate, does Superman understand how he produces lasers from his eyballs? Exactly.
Yeah, mate, we learn that somewhere in 4th or 5th grade, and I believe some of us never passed that on tests ;)
Yeah, but you use it all the time without thinking what case it is. It's not that simple for him.
@@sylwiatime To be clear, I meant it is so complicated that most Poles learn how to use it properly in their adulthood ;)
Can't imagine what effort a foreign has to put into mastering it. 😱
@@OdZeraDoShootera Seriously, no one learns how to use them at school. You already know it if you grew up in Poland. It's intuitive. What we learn at school is the theory but we already know the usage from practice. Take 4-5 year old kids. They'll be using all the cases seamlessly.
Szczerze, jestem na rozszerzeniu z polskiego i nic nie pamiętam z przypadków😂
@@sylwiatime So in other words, we know how to use it intuitively, but only a select few know how to explain the logic behind it. For instance, I know PL/EN/GER but if you asked me for grammar rules theory I couldn't tell you, even though I know how to use them perfectly in practice.
I'm Polish learning Portuguese and I have problems with memorising a few irregular verbs. When I lose motivation I always remind myself that there are people learning Polish right now 😄
LOL So many people told you to stay away from gramma and you haven't listened! The first guy was so confusing even I didn't understand him. The woman made it much simpler. But you really don't need cases early on. If you say in a coffee shop "Poproszę kawa" no one will shoot you.
Listening to the first guy made me doubt my competence in Polish and I always had very good grades in grammar classes at school. Seriously, it was so confusing.
@@leno_o17 That guy shouldn't be a teacher. He didn't have any clear idea of what he wanted to explain and kept introducing more grammar without thinking it's too much at once, like throwing in "swój" and then trying to explain what it means when it's a concept on its own rather foreign to English speakers. He kept forgetting what he was talking about and then ended up reading from his notes. If he can't grasp it how can he explain it to others?
Yeah, and you will easier understand everything, knowing the meaning of "base" words. I live in Germany and speak polish at home - my kids cas read and write polish and still sometimes make errors in cases. It sounds funny, but also cute and everybody will understand. I make similar mistakes in my german 😁
@@sylwiatime yea, but cases are something not existing in eng so explanation of it is hard like learning those while being native eng speaker, like for us, Poles, understenting the artickles
*Polish
Kochałam gramatykę i ortografię z j. polskiego. Przypadki są spoko👍mianownik kto? co?, dopełniacz kogo? czego? ( nie ma), celownik komu? czemu? ( się przyglądam), biernik kogo co( widzę), narzędnik z kim ? z czym?( się spotykam),miejscownik o kim, o czym( myślę ), wołacz o! (Matko)
Witam w klubie, uwielbiałam uczyć się tej zawiłości polskiej gramatyki ❤ a części zdania i pisownia fonetyczna, o matko, jakie to było cudowne!
The way I (and many others) learned cases in school was by remembering at least one verb that goes with a given case.
For instance:
Mianownik (Nominative) - just a basic form of a noun. Used as a subject in sentences. Mama. Pies. Góry (plural form of "góra").
Dopełniacz (Genitive) - nie mieć. Kogo/czego nie ma? (who/what is not there?) Nie ma mamy (Mom is not there). Nie ma psa (The dog is not there). Nie ma gór (The mountains are not there) etc. Another way is to remember about Saxon Genitive in English, meaning posession. Polish Genitive also works like that. My mom's birthday - Urodziny mojej mamy.
Celownik (Dative) - przyglądać się. Komu/czemu się przyglądam? (Who/what am I looking at?) Przyglądam się mamie. Przyglądam się psu. Przyglądam się górom.
Biernik (Accusative) - lubić (or kochać). Kogo/co lubię? (Whom/what do I like?) Lubię mamę. Lubię psa. Lubię góry.
Narzędnik (Instrumental) - interesować się. Kim/czym się interesuję? (Who/what am I interested in?) Interesuję się mamą. Interesuję się psem. Interesuję się górami.
Miejscownik (Locative) - mówić o. O kim/o czym mówię? (Who/what am I talking about?) Mówię o mamie. Mówię o psie. Mówię o górach.
Wołacz (Vocative) - o! (meaning exclaming oh!, used to call somebody or exclaim about something) Mamo! Psie! Góry! (you can imagine a poet starting his poem with the exclamation "Oh fair mountains! (O piękne góry!)" or sth like that).
You can google verbs going with specific cases. Just google for instance "czasowniki łączące się z rzeczownikiem w bierniku", and you'll have verbs that go with accusative.
And remember that adjectives follow the case of the noun they describe.
ja w szkole używałam przy bierniku "widzieć" - kogo/co widzę, a przy narzędniku używałam z kim/ z czym idę
Yes, such patterns are a great way of learning that.
Remember though: These patterns are for Polish primary school kids. They already know the conjugation by heart. They're just learning to recognize the structures and inner workings behind the language they already speak.
@@JedrzejP Well, yes and no. While learning languages it's good to learn patterns - whole sentences or at least phrases. And then expand from it. For instance teaching people about modal verbs in English I always tell them - if you know how to make sentences with "can", you can make sentences with all the other modals.
Hi Wes - Honestly don't learn cases like that because it's not very effective. The best way is to introduce each case in turn, during the course. Otherwise, it will be difficult for You to feel the differences between them. And.. we have many exceptions to the rules in Polish, so you will unnecessarily have a difficult start. So, if You really want to absorb Polish quickly, focus on a course (or textbook), and expand that with vocabulary related to your job, hobby, environment etc. Good luck and 加油!
Respect man for trying to learn our language! No easy feat! Once I taught Polish to someone in NYC for a while. It was incredibly hard on my end because every time I veered off the script and suggested a sentence my student would inadertantly stumble upon some strange case ending. I couldn't believe how frustrating it was to both of us.
Good luck!
You got this Wes! Enjoying watching your progress.
I love Krok po Kroku for Polish grammar learning. They have an online platform, their grammar course goes through each case with loads of exercises to complete to help consolidate learning. Each exercise set in different contexts and varying formats. Everything in their courses is written in Polish which can be intense but I find that level of immersion really helpful.
Hi , we are happy you've been learning with us again :) The video you have chosen is just an overview of cases, simply to get familiar with the concept of cases in Polish, but if you really want to dive into it, then I suggest you watch videos about specific cases, starting fro accusative and instrumental is a good idea. Also, for the accusative, think how in English you are saying 'I like her', rather than 'I like she', this is the exact concept of the accusative - 'she' is changed to 'her' because it is an object not a subject of your sentence. However in English you just do it with pronouns (him, her, me) whereas in Polish the changes are applied to nouns and adjectives as well. Hope it helps :) Fingers crossed for your progress, you are doing really well!
it's so funny how you say "mój" XD
Which is interesting, because he speaks Spanish, and "mój" is pronounced exactly like "muy" in Spanish, as in "muy bien".
Morz
Dawaj dawaj dobrze Ci idzie ❤
I think the best way for you to grasp this is to learn a useful sentence for each case (the lady introduced it well). This way you can later practice declination of the nouns and adjectives, but with the very same verb. In primary school children are always made to practice the declination going through all 7 cases. I remember using exactly the same verbs in my head to figure out the endings of the words (in order not to confuse the cases). For example:
Mianownik: kto? co? - Co jest w szufladzie? W szufladzie jest duża kawa. (What's in the drawer? There's a large coffee in the drawer. - I know, stupid, but grammatically it works.)
Dopełniacz: kogo? czego? - Czego nie lubię? Nie lubię dużej kawy. (What don't I like? I don't like a large coffee.)
Celownik: komu? czemu? - Komu dałam kwiaty? Dałam kwiaty dużej kawie. (Whom did I give flowers to? I gave flowers to a large coffee. - I know, stupid, but grammatically it works.)
Biernik: kogo? co? - Co widzę? Widzę dużą kawę. (What am I seeing? I'm seeing a large coffee.)
Narzędnik: z kim? z czym? - Z czym idę? Idę z dużą kawą. (What am I walking with? I'm walking with a large coffee.)
Miejscownik: o kim? o czym? - O czym rozmawiam? Rozmawiam o dużej kawie. (What am I talking about? I'm talking about a large coffee.)
Wołacz: o! - Hej, duża kawo! Posłuchaj mnie! (Hej, you large coffee! Listen up! - I know, stupid, but grammatically it works.)
Oh man I absolutely hated learning these god damn cases when I was a kid. Honestly, the videos you've watched confuse me because I've grown so used to using the language by the gut feeling. I definitely would *not* want to go trough the learning polish journey again. Mad respect for you Wes for attempting this. Powodzenia!
I think it helps a lot to first understand what cases are actually for. You see, most sentences have a subject, a verb and possibly a bunch of other stuff the verb refers to.
Take for example the sentence "Tom dug out the tree's roots with a shovel.". There are several things going on here. At the beginning we have the subject. The verb is the past tense form of "to dig out", which itself is a phrasal verb formed from the regular verb "to dig" and the preposition "out". Then you have the object which has been dug out, "the tree's roots". We can tell it's the direct object because of where it is in the sentence. And finally there's the "with a shovel" part, which tells us what he used to dig out those roots.
In Polish that sentence would be:
"Tomek wykopał łopatą korzenie drzewa."
First we have the subject, as always in the nominative case. Then we have the verb "wykopał" which is a conjugated version of "wykopać" - "to dig out" (and "to dig" would be just "kopać"). Then there is "łopatą". It is the instrumental form of "łopata" - "shovel". The case tells us that this is what he used for the digging. Finally we have the direct object - "korzenie drzewa". It's in the accusative form, but as it sometimes happens, it's exactly the same as the nominative would be.
As you might have noticed, the Polish version used a bit different order than the English one did. But in contrast to English, the role a noun plays in the sentence isn't purely determined by its position. The cases are doing most of the work, so we can write "Tomek wykopał korzenie drzewa łopatą." and it would be perfectly fine! The focus of the sentence has just shifted from the roots to the shovel. (You can achieve a similar thing in English by applying the right intonation btw.)
Gdybym nie był Polakiem, to wolałbym się uczyć języka, dajmy na to, argentyńskiego zamiast polskiego, tym bardziej, że taki język jak argentyński nie istnieje.
Polish language. A Pole will always recognize someone who did not grow up in Poland.
:)
The word "swój" is a possessive pronoun, that is used when the subject of the sentence and the possessor of an object are one and the same:
Jan has Jan's car - Jan has *his own* car - Jan ma *swój* samochód
Jan has Adam's car - Jan has *his* car - Jan ma *jego* samochód
another example:
I have *my* book - mam *swoją* książkę
You have *my* book - masz *moją* książkę
In the first sentence the possessor and the subject are the same, but in the second one that is no longer the case, which is why a specifying "moją" pronoun is used instead of "swoją". There are exceptions though and don't be surprised to hear people ignore this rule sometimes. I'm sure that once you become more fluent you will be able to subconciously copy the intricate speach patterns people use everyday.
I polish you can say "musieć"(to have to")instead of "potrzebować"(to need) oftentimes
So instead of potrzebuję you can say muszę
So it's a bit like in english that you can say "require" but most of the time you rather say "need"
Swój is like "su" in Spanish - it replaces all possesive words like "my, his, her, theirs" etc.
He kinda explained the mianownik badly. It's not only used in "to jest X", but mainly in "X verb ..." Whenever you say Noun is doing something you use the Noun in nominative. "Dog is eating a sousage" = "Pies (mianownik) je kiełbasę (biernik)".
But in the end don't worry about the cases too much. Kids speak perfect Polish without understanding what a case is, they just know what sounds "right". Then they learn at school they were using these complicated 7 cases system :)
Yes, the noun in mianownik should be a subject( podmiot), not object( dopełnienie).
bro, as a pole i think you're actually really good keep up like that
"Kogo jest samochód?" is a WRONG form. The right question is "CZYJ jest samochód?"
You're doing great man, don't get discouraged ❤
u actually tried out cases? daaaamn. respect bruh
haha if I didn't know polish after watching this I would never learn it for sure ;) It must be so damn confusing.
Im Polish and im confused watching this
I have the impression that learning that as Polish in Polosh school was looking much easier. I mean that I dont remember even half of this terminology, we just drilled questions for each cases that helped to create it from base word. I suppose learning as foreginer is different and more difficult in the result.
02:50 There's so many errors in this video! ;o Don't learn from that dude. "Kogo jest samochód?" is grammatically incorrect. It should be "Czyj jest samochód?" (Whose is the car?) So ironic that they used the wrong case in a video that is supposed to teach about cases :q You use "kogo?" when you ask about a person, not possession. For example, "Kogo lubisz bardziej?" = "Whom do you like more?", or about someone who's missing, e.g. "Kogo nie było na imprezie?" = "Who was missing at the party?"
True xD. It looks like Polish is hard even for the Poles.
„swój” samochód = „his own” car I think this the closest it gets in translating “swój”. You are doing great cracking polish pronunciation! Keep it up and in few months you will speak the language. ❤
02:26 The search engine misguided you :q "swój" is not "your" (that would be "twój"), it's more like "his/her/its own". For example, you can say "Widzę swoje nogi" = "I can see my (own) legs", the ones belonging to me and not someone else's.
Dont give up
Pay attention: it's MÓJ, not MOŻ.
dałem miskę mojemu psu - I gave my dog the bowl (not of my)
dałem pieniądze mojemu koledze - I gave my friend money (not of my)
Yeah i think the first video was better but I understand how it would be harder to understand than the second one, there is soo much to learn about cases and they have to mix flawlessly in normal conversations it really is almost impossible to speak Polish like a native if you dont live here
In my opinion, the easiest way to start is to learn combinations of verb plus noun (as the lady in the second video demonstrates), and each time you learn a new noun, learn that word along with the verb or phrase you need. E.g. it will be useful to learn the expression "Nie mam + gen." ("I don't have+ gen."), i.e.:
Nie mam kawy, herbaty, wody, dziewczyny, rodziny.
(I don't have coffee, tea, water, girlfriend, family.)
Nie mam psa, kota, chłopaka.
(I don't have a dog, a cat, a boyfriend.)
Nie mam dziecka, krzesła, biurka, mieszkania.
(I don't have a child, a chair, a desk, an apartment.)
As you may have noticed, I have divided the nouns by gender. The first group is the feminine, the second the masculine, the third the neuter. But there are also other endings, for the sake of simplicity I have not given words that are more difficult to conjugate.
Hi Wes, I'm watching your struggles with polish from the beginning. This was already mentioned in other comments, but really, don't focus on exact grammar, but on pronunciation instead. If you will say "Oni chce jeść kolacja ("They wants eat supper") instead of "Oni chcą jeść kolację" ("They want to eat supper"), everyone will understand you and will be very happy that you're making an effort to communicate. Later on you will notice that "she" is "ona" and "they" are "oni (m) / one (f)" and will gradually improve what you are saying.
However, if you're pronouncing "j" as "ż" (as in "jean-michelle jarre" instead of as in "yes", "yellow"), you have a guarantee that nobody will understand what you mean by "ża żem" when you meant "ja jem" (I eat). Pronunciation in polish is dead simple (as you saw previously on other video; there are very minor regional differences or slackers who just don't care how they pronounce), so nobody expects to hear "o" instead of "ó" or "że" instead of "j" - and as a result, nobody will understand it, as they are very different sounds. Just imagine if you would be saying in a sentence "fool" ("ó") instead of "fall" ("o") or "Jess" ("dże") instead of "yes" ("j"). "I like when leaves fool from the trees" or "Q: Do you want 100$? A: Jess.".
I see you're using google translate to check the meaning of words - that's great (but very incorrect when you checked "swoj" which was incorrectly translated to "your", while "swój" is "belonging to one", where "one" can be any of "me"/"you"/"him"/"her"/"them". Think of when you're saying "Their car", when you don't know if it's in fact "his"/"hers"/"their".). But please, use polish diacritics to minimize translation errors - "ó", not "o", "ą", not "a" etc. Also - use the "speaker" icon in google translate to hear the pronunciation.
I don’t really like how this man is explaining, I would never understand if I wasn’t Polish
Wow jak dużo już umiesz,robisz szybkie postępy,masz już duży zasob słownictwa
All cases answer to certain qustion. But kids learn this but adding to them whole sentence to better visualize what about they asking.
Nominative - Who is this/what is this
Genitive - Who is not there/what is not there
Dative - who I am looking at/what I am looking at
Accusative - Who I see/what I see
Instrumental - Whom I am going with/with what I am going (which means "what or who is taking part in the action I am performing")
Locative - Whom I am thinking about/What I am thinking about
When it comes to the endings that are appropriate for this, there are as many rules as exceptions, so I don't even know how one could go about learning it.
I can see that you still have trouble with the letter "j". It's not pronounced like in English :) I think it would help you if you remembered that in Polish every "j" is in fact similar to "i" (pronounced like English "ee" in Polish). True, it is a consonant, not a vowel, but it is like a consonant equivalent of "i". So maybe just imagining every "j" as "i" would help? For instance try to see "jest" as "iest" and read it that way?
"y" is used for /j/ sound in English. No need to play with "i" as a consonant :)
Yellow, yes, yesterday, yeast, buy, Guyana etc.
@@maxsz91 I am aware of it, but maybe when reading it would be easier for him to make this connection - "j" looks like a long "i" and is practically pronounced as such. Which also kind of historically correct, as "j" was originally a variant of "i" in Latin.
that's a great tip!
3:05 Paweł Pawła (good) PAWOŁY (What?)
Mówi się: czyj jest samochód? Nie: kogo?
Zgadza sie.Nie dosc,ze uczy to jeszcze niepoprawnie :)
Współczuję
My mum is Bulgarian and we came to Poland when I was 6. It took her around 4-5 years to master 95% of Polish and then another 8 or so to master final 5%. I reached my peers' level in a few months. Small kids are some other creatures when it comes to learning languages.
How many cases there is in Bulgarian?
The key to understanding grammar cases in Polish is the fact that only in Polish Nominative
Big props for trying to learn grammar for nouns, but from practical point of view, learning grammar for verbs is much more beneficial:
"Tańczę" -> "i'm dancing"
"Tańczy" -> "he/she is dancing"
"Tańczył" -> " he was dancing"
" Tańczyła" ->she was dancing.
"Tańczyłem" -> I was dancing (and i'm a male)
" Tańczyłam "-> I was dancing ( and i'm a female)
"Tańczyli na weselu" -> They were dancing on wedding.
"Tańczyły na weselu" -> Women (or children) were dancing on wedding (there was no grown up male dancing with them, because form " Tańczyły" stricty points out, there was no man dancing, only women/children. If there was at least 1 man dancing form would be " tańczyli")
Single word just by changing it suffix gives information about:
Time (present vs past)
Whom (me, thou, he/she/it, us, you, them)
Well, that's when all of my foreign friends go nuts. So I help them with Polish; things are going smoothly at first. We go through important phrases and words, noun genders, etc., and everything seems fine, UNTIL I introduce the cases. Yep...in all honesty...it's like switching from A1 to C1 level in no time, only your mind is still at A2 at max. :D Also... I guess it's really hard to find a good Polish to English translator, as a sentence 'To jest Paweł, on ma swój samochód' would be translated as 'This is Paweł, he has his own car'. So "swój" in that very sentence, means something different than "your". If you were to say: wyzwól swój potencjał/unleash your potential...yep, then we can talk about that certain meaning. :)
Mam kawę vs nie mam kawy
Mam (kogo co?)
Nie mam (kogo czego?)
Also I know this will be annoying, but please remember that J in Polish is read as Y from English (like in yellow). Moja kawa would be read as moya kava. Thank you :)
Don't worry, if you use nominative all the time, you will be understood anyway. In most cases at least.😁
The way polish cases have been presented in the first video doesn't satisfy me, so I'll try to explain them to you myself. I'll only talk about the meaning of each case without touching on the forms as that would require me to have a knowledge of Polish grammar on a technical level that I simply don't possess. There are multiple declensions in polish and there isn't a single system that would organise all of them. I think I can confidently state that mastering polish declensions will be _the_ hardest step in learning this language.
Mianownik - Nominative
It's considered the base form of a noun. Any noun you find a translation for in a traditional dictionary will be in its nominative form. It's used to mark the subject in a sentence, that is someone or something performing an action:
*kot* idzie - *a cat* is walking
*ja* niosę - *I'm* carrying
Dopełniacz - Genitive (possessive)
Its main use is to mark a possessor of something. It works almost identically to the way it does in english, save for the word order:
dom *pracownika* - *a worker's* house
Pronouns however are usually placed exactly like in english:
*mój* dom - *my* house
there are other roles this case performs but first the accusative has to be introduced
Biernik - Accusative
On declension charts, dative comes before accusative but they will be simpler to explain by flipping the order. The accusative is used to mark the object of a sentence, that is someone or something that is being affected by the action directly:
widzę *go* - I see *him*
widzę *szkołę* - I see *a school*
so:
he - nominative, him - accusative
szkoła - nominative, szkołę - accusative
there are exceptions to this. first of all, in negative sentences the accusative is replaced by the genitive:
widzę *szkołę* - I see *a school* (accusative)
nie widzę *szkoły* - I don't see *a school* (genitive)
second exception is a bit niche but maybe you'll find it interesting. The genitive replaces the accusative as the object when the object is of unspecified quantity or a part of something:
dasz mi *wodę* ? - will you give me *water* ? (accusative)
dasz mi *wody* ? - will you give me *some water* ? (genitive)
third exception I can think of is that some verbs will simply require you to use genitive as their object:
żądamy *chleba* - we demand *bread* (genitive)
Celownik - dative
It's used to mark the indirect object in a sentence, that is someone or something affected by the action indirectly. It's simpler in use then in definition:
dała *koledze* książkę - she gave a book *to a friend*
naprawił *mi* auto - he repaired the car *for me*
Dative just like genitive is used to mark the object of certain verbs instead of the accusative:
zaufał *przyjaciołom* - he trusted his *friends* (dative)
Narzędnik - instrumental
It's used to mark a tool or means by which an action is performed:
uderzył go *patykiem* - he hit him *with a stick*
Miejscownik - locative
This one is used mainly after certain prepositions. As a matter of facts most if not all of the above cases are to be used after specific prepositions under specific circumstances, for example:
o psie - about a dog (locative)
do psa - to a dog (genitive)
z psem - with a dog (instrumental)
There is no easily explainable logic behind it, it's essentially arbitrary. that is a completely different topic though.
Wołacz - vocative
It's used to mark the adresee:
boże! - oh god!
chodź tu, *piesku* - come here, *doggy*
Last thing I should mention, the adjectives also decline accordingly:
duży pies - a big dog (nominative)
dużego psa - a big dog's (genitive)
dużemu psu - to a big dog (dative)
dużego psa - a big dog (accusative)
dużym psem - with a big dog (instrumental)
o dużym psie - about a big dog (locative)
o duży psie! - oh big dog! (vocative)
Brawo!
This is something we as kids learn in schools to speak correctly so don't stress about it to much ;)
Yes, the 2nd was less complicated. We actually also learn it with verbs.
Mianownik kto? Co?
Dopelniacz kogo? Czego? Nie ma...
Celownik komu? Czemu? Przygladam się
Biernik kogo? Co? Widzę
Narzednik z kim? Z czym?
Miejscownik o kim? O czym?
Wolacz o!
Taa, szczególnie to "o!" :) Zupełnie nic nie mówi…
Yeah, especially that "o!" - tells you absolutely nothing :q
@@bonbonpony wiem, cóż
The first dude cannot explain the topic, it's chaotic and too much stuff for one video. He makes me want to become a teacher because I'd do this better 😂
The lady nailed it way much better, it was simple and to the point 👍
agreed
All that plus the mistakes he makes...
Answer for your question from the title: because yes
The second video is better, but the order of cases is wrong. This is correct order: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, vocative. It is better to rembember the correct order of grammatical cases.
swój is one of million forms of saying your in polish
I've seen many videos about cases, not just in Polish, but in other languages too, and they're ALWAYS explained VERY TERRIBLY. Too much obscure grammar terms, too many examples that are incomprehensible to beginners, and too many errors made by the teachers who either don't speak Polish themselves, or cannot explain it well, because they use it intuitively without thinking.
So my advice for you is this:
Don't learn the cases and their grammar yet. Focus on vocabulary. Even if you use a wrong case while speaking, people should still be able to understand you anyway, or they will correct you on the go. Instead of studying large declension tables and grammar rules, focus on phrases and speech patterns, and learn cases gradually, one by one, as you need them.
Obviously, the most important case is the nominative (mianownik), because that's the "dictionary form" that allows you to look up a word in a dictionary. You use it for naming things, people, pointing at them, asking about them etc.
The next one might be the genitive (dopełniacz), which is used to form possessives, like "Ogon psa" = "The dog's tail" or "The tail of the dog" in English. Here "ogon" is nominative, because that's the main thing we're talking about, and "psa" (of the dog) is the genitive form of "pies" (dog). So in Polish you can talk about possessions and properties by simply changing the form of a word from nominative to genitive. You can practice this case by forming such phrases, e.g. "mama Tomka" (Tomek=Tom, a person's name in nominative) = "Tom's mom". Quite useful when talking about family, so you can learn it along with that. Genitives are also used in polish to talk about lack of something (notice the word "of", which is often an indication that you should use a genitive), e.g. "nie ma kota" = "There's no cat" (literally: "not have cat"), or you can think of it as "There's none OF the cat there" to bring the idea of genitive to your mind. (nominative: kot = the cat, kota = of the cat).
I'll try writing some more about other cases in follow-up comments, if TH-cam will allow me :q
Part 3:
Dative (celownik) is used for indirect objects, like "I gave food [to the cat]" or "I gave [the cat] food". In Polish it would be "Dałem jedzenie [kotu]". If you see "to someone/something" in English, it will most likely be dative in Polish. Kot = cat (nominative), kotu = to the cat (dative), kota = of the cat (genitive).
Locative is used when you're talking ABOUT places, things, people etc. For example, "I heard about the cat" = "Słyszałem o kocie". If you see "about" in English, it will most likely be locative in Polish.
Locatives are also used in prepositional phrases, to locate things in space and time. E.g. "Książka jest [na (stole)]" = "The book is [on (the table)]". The nominative "stół" = "table" changes into locative "stole" when used with certain prepositions such as "na" (on), "przy" (next to, at). Careful though, because certain group of prepositions go with certain cases. Some use locatives, other use accusatives, other still use instrumentatives, so it's best to learn these cases when you learn those groups of prepositions. Sometimes a preposition can use more than one case, changing the meaning slightly. But that's for later.
Instrumentative is used when you use something as a tool, or as an aid to do something, or something or someone is accompanying you during an activity. For example, "Kopię nogami" = "I'm kicking WITH my legs" (i.e. using my legs for the kicking). "Nogi" = "legs" (nominative), "nogami" = "with my legs" (accusative). Or "Spaceruję z kolegą" = I'm walking with my colleague". So if you hear "with" or "using" in English, that's probably an instrumentative in Polish.
Part 4 (last):
And finally, vocatives are used when you address someone or something directly, and this is pretty much the only use of that case. E.g. if someone's name is Michał (Michael), you can say to him: "Witaj, Michale!" (Hello, Michael!), or "Michale, uważaj na siebie" (Take care of yourself, Michael). But it wouldn't be too bad if you use nominative, people will still get it, and even some native Poles talk like that: "Witaj, Michał!", "Michał, uważaj na siebie". That's why I left this one for the end - because it's not that useful.
So yeah, long story short: don't memorize declension tables - learn cases one by one, in the context in which they're used.
If Polish was not my native language, I couldn't learn it. I even have troubles with other Slavic languages. Similarities doesn't help. Slavic languages are incredibly hard.
I don't think that any of those videos did a good job...
As a Pole, we learn the proper endings naturally, by hearing, so when we go to school and do some exercises, we get more tricky and less popular words to learn more, but basically, it's just learned by heart. In other words, you can learn what cases in Polish are, how you apply them, some basic rules, but it won't teach you how to use them for real. That is why, Poles are also terrible when explaining cases, because they learned them in natural way, which is not an option for you, unless you are incredibly linguistically talented.
What I found confusing is that the videos were constantly using different examples for various cases, instead of choosing one word and go over the cases, then do another one and so on.
Another thing I found confusing is that they didn't convey the questions in the coherent manner. Questions for cases determine which case to use. Also, it is important to always match personal and object question together.
For example: I am going to the cinema with my girl. You would ask with who (z kim?). If you replace the person with an object, like book, you would ask with what (z czym?). Having the pair of those questions points to the proper case. However, this is an easy example.
Let's try a tricky one.
For example, you want to say: I want to buy avocado.
Avocado is an object. So you would ask, WHAT do you want to buy. Question WHAT points for two cases, either: Mianownik or Biernik. So you still don't know which one to use. To figure it out, you need to transform the object into a person, no matter how absurd that may sound. However, in this case, we have an issue. In English, you would ask for object (what - co?) or person (who - kto), which also leads to Mianowinik (Nominative), which is incorrect. This shows, how unintuitive this is for someone who tries to learn it from English. So why Nominative is incorrect?
Because it's Biernik (Accusative), because in polish, we would ask, kogo/co, not kto/co. So the mystery lies in finding the right question and the rules behind them. Since I am not a teacher, I don't have that answer, but I'm sure there is one. But since you don't know it either, the whole concept of cases falls apart for you, because for some cases, you will be able to decipher proper questions, for others you won't.
And let's talk about the elephant in the room. Even if you can figure out the case (first hardship), you need to know how to apply for the given adjective (two hardships at once, because there will different endings for different words, so probably multiple rules here), know exceptions (another hardship), gender of the noun (another hardship) which modifies the endings and so on. To figure it out is like a complicated puzzle and you don't have capacity to use on the fly. The only way to use naturally is... to remember endings without rules, just know that when using this verb you use this ending with this word... Imagine how many possibilities there are. You cannot learn them by repeating and learning consciously. This happens when you don't think about it and that is how adults rarely learn.
Some tricks to learn it is to learn which verbs go with which cases. So HAVE is different case then IS. BUY is different from TELL and so on. Again, as Poles, it is easier for us to ask a question to figure out the case,so when asked, we don't know which case we are using, we must ask the question to figure out the case, but don't need to do it, because we use it naturally by knowing that this verb with this noun needs this specific ending.
Polish cases are complicated because of many reasons:
-because kids have more stuff to learn instead of disturbing adults, and that's a lot of homework meaning more peaceful afternoon for parents
-because no one can really pretend to know Polish unless he starts learning it at 6 years old, and using every day. Even Slavic nations finds it difficult.
-because we find it sort of hilarious when foreigners try to even use our grammar sometimes that's basically free lol content
-because we skipped 16 different god-damn tenses when 5 is enough to communicate precisely we went the easy way on this front and life just can't be too easy so we have cases instead.
Oh, my. Treading dangerous waters there, bud. Anyway, let's turn up the heat. Two given nouns of the same grammatical gender can have different endings in same cases, as we have different conjugations. (As we do in latin. And ancient greek. I don't know about any other languages.)
It's been a good choice to change the film. The lady explains this much better.
TBH At some point you will need to swap that water for vodka.
Greetings for you
I feel sorry for this guy
You can say: trzeba mi kawy :)
Nareszcie
you still often pronounce j english way. its a common mistake, working on it will realy make you sound more polish
I certainly hope that when You finally learn Polish at least to the point that you can understand Polish songs then you will come back to some of your reaction videos. For sure you should revisit “Dziwny jest ten Świat”. I recommend songs written by Agnieszka Osiecka she is considered best song writer in Poland. Remember Coca Cola slogan? That’s It. Guess who’s idea that was.
J in Polish is Pronounced like i but little harder (not something like ㅈ)
But in these examples in the first, second minute, about nominativ, in the sentences, the noun is not subject(podmiot) any more, it is object(dopełnienie) What is this? This is ... .
5:30 sorry bro, but I didn't even know what you said except "to jest".
You keep pronouncing the "j" in "mój" as in English, although in Polish it makes the "y" sound. And "ó" is not an "o". It makes the same sound as "u" in Polish or similar to "oo" in cool.
Ó is never O and J is never Dż.
And as to the word "książka" you pronounced it completely wrong.
If I were you I would focus on pronunciation. Polish is an extremely phonetic language, so it's not that hard to learn what sounds letters make. You seem to have a very basic understanding of it.
It's nice to see you trying to learn Polish though. Don't give up!
hey mate, as a typical Polish person who complaints a lot...you declared 6 months ago on your channel, that you will not learn Polish unless you will have a Polish partner...either inconsistency or I sense a romance here is happening *END OF COMPLAINT* ->> keep up to good work. I am facing learning German and one of many Swiss German Dialects, so trust me, I am uniting with you in learning difficult confusing languge. Speaking of pronunciation -> you seem to pronounce 'j' as in English (J->Joker), whereas in fact, in Polish it is simply a longer 'i' ( like E in Echo). So 'J' would rather sound like English 'Y' in the word 'Yeti'. Hope you got it. Polish letters are systemised in a phonetic system. They always address the same sound...unlike in English...Knight or night etc. English has counter-intuitive rules of pronunciation, whereas in Polish the system is the same. So, you are doing amazing job, however, J is not pronounced as in the word 'Job' -> mojej, you would rather read as...'Moyey' (Mojej) using the sound like in 'Yeti'
Jak to dobrze, że nie muszę już się uczyć języka polskiego 😜
Seriously, the time you should be focusing on grammar is years from now. 99% of daily language use depends on vocabulary alone, whether it's reading official documents, information placards, shopping or just hanging out with people. If you know your words, you will still be able to understand and say what you need to, because the information conveyed by grammar is usually doubled entirely in the contextual layer, e.g. it's obvious you've been reading a book, and not book has been reading you.
I won't say nobody will mock you for saying "please coffee give" or stuff like that - but it's not about your language skills. We love self deprecating humor, so your mistakes will just fuel social interactions, not impede them - and superficial mocking aside, there's always solid dose of respect for anybody not born here trying to tackle Polish in depth. There's enough people with English skills in Poland for you to thrive without ever learning a word in Polish, so you are free to choose whether you want to - and if you choose the hard way, we will be aware and appreciative of it.
Przypadki to jest coś co zawsze będę nienawidzić do końca swojego życia
To avoid thinking about words, you should prepare some texts for yourself
Oh fuck that, i'm native Polish speaker but I don't even know what he is talking about :D
Dotarło do niego że język polski to nie zabawa
Żaden język nie jest prosty. Różnica jest taka, że polski jest trudny od początku bo jest dużo gramatyki, ale mało który Polak mówi dobrze po angielsku, mimo że gramatyka wydaje się taka prosta.
@@sylwiatime Problem jest taki że Polski ma mnóstwo określonych zasad i bardzo szczegółowych reguł, z wieloma wyjątkami. Dodatkowo jest czytany tak jak się pisze, z wyjątkiem ubezdźwięcznień. Angielski z kolei to po prostu pamięciówka. Uczyłem się chyba 10 lat wszystkich czasów typu future simple czy past perfect participle a dalej nie wiem który to który. Dodatkowo angielska gramatyka także nie ma sensu i zależy tylko od "bo tak jest". Wymowa wyrazów też od niczego nie zależy i należy się każdego słowa nauczyć na pamięć. Door a book czy read, dead czy great. Tough - thought - though.
@@Mr_Topek akurat gramatyka angielska ma dużo sensu (w przeciwieństwie do pisowni). Natomiast prawdziwa trudność w angielskim leży w idiomach. 99% Polaków zna angielski na średnio-zaawansowanym poziomie, mimo że się uczyli latami, ale dalej wierzą, że angielski jest prosty.
:) Once again nice Bro, a little fun sentence for You:
"Ucz się ucz, bo nauka to potęgi klucz.
Aaa jak będziesz mieć dużo kluczy to zostaniesz wożnym" ;) try to translate by yourself and get some contecst peace ✌
she missleads you though, potrzebuję kawę is the correct form. potrzebuję kawy is what people say, but its not correct. same with sth like chcę kawę/chcę kawy. the second one is plural, more general. but if you want just one drink, you say kawę.
That's NOT CONJUGATION!!!! Verbs conjugate! Nouns decline! It's called declension! Not conjugation.
You have a great pronounciation! Just work on saying "J" as more of a "ee"
Not to be rude but I am Polish and I was pretty good at grammar while at school. And I still wouldn't understand what that guys is saying. He needlessly complicates the whole thing.
I was taught in primary school these seven cases and what questions they answer and I could never learn it, considering this knowledge completely senseless and useless. Fortunately I am Polish and I never have to wonder which one to use ;)
Like for Mocny Gaz
kawa kawy
kawy kaw
kawie kawom
kawę kawy
kawą kawami
kawie kawach
kawo kawy
Please please please react to "na szczycie" (you reacted to the original) but in the orchestra version, it's so goood❗️❗️🫶
th-cam.com/video/b8gbdeGUnR0/w-d-xo.htmlsi=n5GRwns00vEAH_Zx
It will be easy if ypu start listen and talking. It will came naturaly way
😂😂😂
you making good progress but you make J sound like ż, probably from your spanish, but you can work it in eventually
Mi się to samej myli także no. W sumie to chyba każdy Polak tego do końca nie umie
Jesli masz na mysli "kazdy mlody Polak" to owszem. Moja ganeracja w przewazajacej wiekszosci umie. I potem widze takie kwiatki,ze cudzoziemiec mowi po polsku bardziej poprawnie niz polowa komentujacych.
@@xertijagee2812 no może nie każdy ale np moja mama czy mój tata mylą się i nawet nie zwracają na to uwagi. Powiedziałabym że często popełnia się błędy w odmianie tylko omy nie zwracamy zazwyczaj na to uwagi bo właśnie później jest tak że obcokrajowcy mówią bardziej poprawnie niż Polacy
@@sanjoriichan No dobrze a ile lat ma twoja mama? Ja mam 65 i nie mam z tym problemu. Nauczono mnie tego dobrze w szkole sredniej (zreszta nie tylko jezyka ojczystego paru innych rzeczy tez)
@@xertijagee2812 moja mama coś około 55 a tata z 57 chyba
@@sanjoriichan No bo jestes z dyche mlodszy od mojego dziecka wszystko sie zgadza :) EDIT: Wiesz jaki jest najprostszy test na wiek rozmowcy? Jak nie wie kiedy uzywac "mi" a kiedy "mnie" i w kolko jest "mi mi mi mimi"Przyklad?"MI to sie sprawia problemu" (zamiast MNIE)
The cases are like in Russian.
Hi. I subscribe u channel.
If u will i can help u to learning more Polish language.
I can very well speak in Polish language.
Honestly, you picked really bad video to learn cases. Guy explains cases in the way that is hard understand for a native. And he mixes in unnecessary and unrelated stuff, which makes it more complicated.
Not only that, but he also presents ungrammatical examples :q
Try reading this one:
Konstantynopolitanczykowianeczka
yes, this is a real word
Olej gramatykę, tylko się zniechęcisz
Mówić nie będzie mógł bez tego
@@janeczek303 Kurcze, to jak niemowlaki dały sobie radę bez grubej książki do gramatyki?…
@@bonbonpony weź się zastanów zanim coś napiszesz
@@janeczek303 Zawsze to robię. Ty najwyraźniej nie.
@@bonbonpony twój przykład z niemowlakami jest bezsensowny z kilu powodów. Po pierwsze aby dziecko zaczeło składnie mówić potrzebuje około 6 lat nauki podczas której cały czas mówi się do niego w języku. Pozatym nie umie innego języka dlatego nie mylą mu się zwroty czy zasady. Pozatym niemowlak to dziecko poniżej jednego roku życia. Oznacza to że wogule nie mówi. Dlatego powtarzam jeszcze raz, zastanówn się zanim coś napiszesz
We use mianownik to show who is doing something for example HE is running (ON biega).
We use dopełniacz for example to say that there isn't a GIRL (tam nie ma DZIEWCZYNY) or i don't see SOMEONE (nie widzę KOGOŚ).
I can't explain how celownik works, so I'll just give you example : I owe this success to my FRIEND (zawdzięczam ten sukces mojemu PRZYJACIELOWI).
We use biernik to say on whom do the action. I'm looking at this COW (patrzę na tą KROWĘ), I'm holding this CUP (trzymam ten KUBEK), I invited your SISTER to the party (zaprosiłem twoją SIOSTRĘ na przyjęcie). Biernik is the same as mianownik for masculine and neuter things (not people and animals).
We use narzędnik to say what we are using for an action or who/what we are doing this action with. Rzucam NOŻEM (I throw a KNIFE), I'm walking with DOG (chodzę z PSEM).
We use miejscownik to say about who we are doing something, about who we are talking/listening. We are talking about HORSES (rozmawiamy o KONIACH), I'm taking a course about PHYSICS (mam kurs o FIZYCE).
We use wołacz very rare, it's not so important as the others. We use it when we want to adress someone or something. Dear TEACHER ... (drogi NAUCZYCIELU).
We also transform adjectives, numerals and some pronouns, not only nouns.
I hope it'll help and sorry for all the mistakes but I'm also a student and I'm still learning about them too(8th grade).