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I never really thought about such a basic construction as "this is," but from the perspective of someone learning Polish, it can actually be quite complicated. It is correct to say: "Nowy Jork to jest wielkie miasto" (New York is a big city), though it's usually shortened to "Nowy Jork to wielkie miasto." However, you can also use just "jest" instead of "to jest," but in that case, you would say: "Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem."
Well, that's the most correct and natural way to say it, but the teacher consciously avoided even mentioning that, because "wielkim miastem" enters, even when used in such a simple sentence, into the deep waters of declension and cases. She wanted to keep things safe and understandable -- i.e. stay in the nominative case.
A few explanations to your doubts. "wielki" turns into "wielkie", rather than "wielke", because the stem (the non-changing part) is "wielki". It just happens to be modified (well, they aren't always that unchanging, sorry) in some of the grammatical cases of the feminine form. But hardly anybody knows the rules for those changes, so the simpler explanation is that you will never ever see the ending "-ia" in any adjective. So, "wielkia" just looks weird a mile off. The "ę" is supposed to be pronounced nasally, but note that naturally it usually sounds like "en" with some nasalization (without the nasalization it still sounds okay), and, more importantly, at the end of the word the nasalization in "ę" is actually meant to be mostly dropped, so that it's a flawed pronunciation if you nasalize that ending "ę" too much. You can basically not nasalize it at all. One error you need to correct in your pronunciation, Wes, is the letter "j". In Polish it has the sound of the "y" in English words "yes" or "year". There's no trace of the English "j" in it. And well, yes, unfortunately, things get significantly more complicated. Because we have the infamous declension which turns stuff such as "miła osoba" into, for example, "miłej osobie": Daj książkę tej miłej osobie. -- Give a/the book to this nice person. "miłej osobie" is the dative case of "miła osoba", and the dative case is used for situations where the verb has a second object, which is the object that is affected by the action, although not directly handled by the subject.
"wielki" isn't the stem, "wielk" is. In old Polish not only "i" was a soft vowel (it can make consonant before soft) but also "e". This is a reason why "wielkie" has "i". Also "meduza" (jellyfish) -> "meduzie" (dative case)
@@butlazgazempropan-butan11k87 That's true. However, having some general idea about what the grammar is about might actually simplify things as you go.
You're quite smart guy! I'm impressed by how quick you're able to comprehend the idea behind the Polish language. I wish you well, because your comprehension and pronunciation is very promising. Have a good fun! Cheers!
Yes, but she teaches base for right now. "Wielkim miastem" is a lesson about declination and cases. So for right now in a simplest form you can say "to jest wielkie miasto" and it is correct, just in a simplest form for beginners.
Nope, there are rules, it's just there are so many that most primary and secondary school-level teachers cannot be bothered to explain them properly and resort to 'exceptional' argumentation instead, just like that 'teacher' in the video Wes was watching--saying that nouns ending with -ść in nominative are feminine as an exception; where in fact ALL Polish nouns that end with -ść in nominative are feminine: kość, złość, miłość... To add, all nouns that end with pallatalized c or used to end with pallatalized c are feminine: żółć, mać, noc and moc... yes, noc and moc used to have pallatalized c in old-Polish, just like in present-day Ukrainian.
@@soniaxxx7262 Gość jest bardzo starym zapożyczeniem, które uległo zmiękczeniu, pozostając przy tym w rodzaju oryginalnego zapożyczenia. Pewnie znajdzie się kilka podobnych wyjątków, choć posiadających uzasadnienie. Zasadniczo język polski respektuje oryginalny rodzaj zapożyczenia nawet, jeśli końcówki są niezgodne z konwencjami polszczyzny. Chociaż pod tym względem bywa niekonsekwentnie, słowo opus raz jest traktowane jako rodzaju męskiego, raz nijakiego - ponieważ w łacinie jest nijakie. Są też rzeczywiste osobliwości, kiedy zmiana rodzaju wiąże się ze zmianą znaczenia. Żołądź rodzaju męskiego to owoc dębu, podczas gdy żołądź rodzaju żeńskiego to zwieńczenie męskiego narządu płciowego.
@@SzalonyKucharz Twoje rozważania są tak odległe od poziomu polszczyzny tego Koreańczyka, że nie wiem, po co to przestawiasz. Jeśli Koreańczykowi powiesz, że -ość to rodzaj żeński, to będzie mówił "miła gość". Taki będzie efekt.
I congratulate you on such a challenge and wish you success in your studies. You will need it. In Polish schools, people who speak Polish learn grammar for many years and so many have a lot of problems with it :)
@@bakters Exactly. Many of us knew grammar practically before starting school. But sometimes many of us make basic mistakes even after graduating. So it is important to use correct Polish in practice at a young age.
Wes made a good observation asking why the male adjective ‘wielki’ changes in the neutral form to ‘wielkie’, instead of ‘wielke’. The woman in the video did not specify it, but if a male adjective is an exception and ends with ‘-i’ (instead of ‘-y’), you don’t replace ‘-i’ with ‘-e’, but add ‘e’ to make it ‘-ie’. E.g., ‘wielkie’, ‘szybkie’ ‘głupie’, etc..
This is very simple to explain and is not an exception but a rule. Standard Polish phonology does not allow for hard (non-iotated) k preceding vowel e. There is no hardened version of k either, meaning there is no ky or ký, as there is in other Slavic languages. You just can't say krótke, or króliky, kecka, kerownik, unless you speak with an old-Warsaw accent or something. It's krótki, króliki, kiecka, kierownik. The only exceptions would be borrowings from other languages in words like kendo, kepi, Janke.
@@SzalonyKucharz Your explanation is anything but simple. Thank God that you didn’t try to explain it to Wes, because you would only confuse him. He asked for practical advice on how to conjugate adjectives, not for a lecture on etymology of unrelated words. With your tendency to answer questions that were not asked, you would do well as a politician.
@@jurekprzychodzen6454 It is simple. Every language, apart from its grammar, also has its unique phonetic system that allows or does not allow for certain sound combinations. That's why wielkie and not wielke. Giermek and not germek. Gnieść not gneść. Szyszka and not sziszka. But if you want it even simpler, then ok. The reason for wielkie is because Polish is exceptionally hard, full of oddities which need to be learnt by heart. It is the most difficult of human languages to learn and we're proud of it. Are you picking what I'm putting down here?
Good job! Keep learning and don’t give up! And, just for you, I have to let you know that adjectives do not always preceed nouns in Polish. The can also follow them, because Polish is a very flexible language. It is simply that either of the forms can be preferred in tho common use. And this may also depend on what emphasis you want to apply. In general, the adjectives following the noons indicate the emphasis on the adjrctives rather than the nouns
Hey Wes, as a Germanic European, I also find learning Polish mind bogglingy difficult. I am sure that as a native speaker of the easiest language in human history, i.e. American English, and having learned the second easiest language in human history, I.e. American Spanish, the easiest foreign language anyone can learn as a native English speaker since more than half of the words in Spanish have Latin roots, I.e. more than half of the words are more or less the same in Spanish as in English, and while Spanish grammar is not as easy as English, it is still the second easiest in the world, I respect that someone like you is making an effort to learn some Polish, and I understand why and how it is difficult. I share some of your frustrations a propos learning Polish. Thanks for sharing your efforts in learning Polish 👍
I am impressed. And no, not because "Polish is the most difficult language in the world" (it isn't) but how you figure out stuff, you are thinking and using the knowledge about bits of grammar and applying it. With all the: "I just watch stuff and don't learn grammar" it's refreshing to see someone actually bothering to learn grammar. That warmed my heart.
When I watch your videos I always wonder how I would explain grammar to someone from abroad XD It its really nice to see someone trying to learn our language. Good luck!
wow you are good! You motivate me to start learn korean finally - I wait 3 years alredy because of fear of that challange :D Greetings from Tricity in Poland :-) This girl is good in explenation!
6:20 you are right, "Y" and "I" sound similar and in many cases act as hard and soft versions of the same structure. And that leads to your question. K, G do not match with the vowel "y". That would sound too harsh and would be difficult to pronounce, so the "y" ending is replaced by the softer "i". In the neutral form, the "e" itself would also be too hard to pronounce (try to say it that way), so the "-i-" acts as a soft connector. Examples: Miejski -> miejskie (urban) Wiejski -> wiejskie (rural) Męski -> męskie (male) Damski, żeński -> damskie, żeńskie (lady's, female) Niebieski -> niebieskie (blue) 80% of basic adjectives ends with -Wy -Ny, -Ty, -Dy, -Ły C, S are "swap states" Kobiecy -> kobiece (woman's, female) Koci -> kocie (feline) Gorący -> gorące (hot) Łysy -> łyse (bald) Lisi -> lisie (foxy) Ok. I stop here because it's getting too detailed.
@@sanproekt trudność języka można sprawdzić grubością podręcznika do jego nauki, lub średnim czasem jaki potrzebowały osoby uczące się danego języka do opanowania go w stopniu pozwalającym na swobodną komunikację.
I have some anwers and comments for you Wes. Let's start with phonotactics. The letter "i" besides being a vowel can also function as a consonant when following another one (thus "i" in "miasto" is pronounced like "y" in "yes"), but it also palatalizes (softens) some consonants, merging with them and changing their pronounciation significantly as you may have noticed. That's why "dz" in "dziecko" is different from "dz" in "jedzenie". You could say that besides being a vowel the letter "i" in Polish also functions as a "palatalizer" (not sure this word even exists). Similarly English "u" softens "t" in "tube" or "you" softens "d" in "would you". If "i" is a "soft" vowel/consonant then "y" is a "hard" one, never following a "soft" consonant. Consonants "k" and "g" are "soft" by definition, even if they don't really sound like that. That's why "k" and "g" are never followed by "y". There is no "ky" and "gy" in Polish except for some rare foreign words like "kynologia" ("cynology" - a word of Greek origin). Similarly "e" is a hard, unpalatalized vowel, so it cannot follow "k" or "g" without being separated by a aforementioned "i" functioning here as a "palatalizer". Imagine that "k" and "g" "force" "e" to soften itself by their presence before and it has to be indicated by adding the right letter in-between. Also, nasal vowel "ę" doesn't follow the same rule. It can be placed right after "k" and "g" without adding "i" in the middle. Think about "ą" and "ę" as autonomous letters instead of variants of "a" and "e". These combinations are possible: ka, ga, ką, gą, kie, gie, kę, gę, gię, ki, gi, ko, go, kó, gó, ku, gu. These combinations are atypical, but can appear in certain loanwords: kia, gia, kią, gią, kię, kio, gio, kiu, giu. These are nonexistant, but do not conflict with aforementioned rules of palatalization: kió, gió. And these are impossible: ke, ge, ky, gy. That may be to much for a beginner, but it anwers your question. Another matter. Never pronounce "j" as an English "j" in "jeans", "Jerry", "jeep". It is ALWAYS pronounced as "y" in "yes" or "York", not counting foreign, particularly English names. Believe me, it's going to be better if you drop this as soon as possible. Polish is full of consonant clusters and bringing tendencies from English is going to mess up your pronounciation and take learning to a higher level of difficulty. And finally, you have noticed that adjectives come before the noun. The truth is that they can be placed before or after the noun. However as a rule of thumb when the adjective comes first then it creates a general description. When it comes after - it's definite. So, black coal in Polish is called "węgiel kamienny" ("węgiel" - coal, "kamienny" - stone/stony (it's an adjective)). In English you would say stone/stony coal, but in Polish we say coal stone/stoney. Why? Because it is a name of a specific element, so it requires definite description. The reverse combination - "kamienny węgiel" - doesn't sound like an name of a classified substance, but rather some sort of coal that happens to be stony. Another example: National Bank translates to "Bank Narodowy". "Bank Narodowy" sounds like the specific institution. "Narodowy Bank" would sound like a bank that is characterized by some reason as national/belonging to the nation. You could say that adjective before the noun gives a casual tone and adjective after the noun makes it feel more official. Or even though there are no articles in Polish, adjective before the noun is like a "a/an" type of a description and adjective after the noun is a "the" type of a description.
@@CSSuser How do you pronounce it? Check the link below and IPA translitaration of the word "miasto". Is "i" pronounced as a vowel or a consonant? pl.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/miasto
For clearing the confusion. In informal speach "ę" is pronuced like "e" and "ą" is like "om". Its just easier to not stress the tongue if you dont need to (but its good if you prounce them right if you speak formally).
If you're a foreigner you can simplify ę to en in the middle of a word, but keep in mind that natives will hear the difference. The two are close but not the same. Ą is more difficult because you can neither simplify it to O at the end of a word nor to OM or ON. All of those will sound bad.
I guess we should create a simplified version of Polish specifically for foreigners. It should be easy to learn and at the same time understandable for native Poles 🤔.
@@jacekwidor3306może i tak, ale łacina powstała z języków słowiańskich, więc ten uproszczony język kiedyś już powstał. A że każdy język jest żywy, jeśli używają go ludzie, to wydaje się, że powstały z innego, nie istniejącego już języka, ale to nie prawda, bo języki słowiańskie nadal istnieją.
When it comes to "ę" and "ą", at the beginning of learning pronunciation it is easier to pronounce ę - en/e, ą - om/on because in everyday, informal and fast speech they are in most cases pronounced this way, e.g. będę is pronounced "bende", małą is pronounced "małom", mąka is pronounced "monka", it doesn't sound 100% correct but it is similar enough that it is much more understandable and most people speak this way
If masculine adjective ends with i, the neutral ends with ie most likely, the reason is probably that certain pairs of letters are awkward to pronounce and you don't see a lot of ky, łi, żi etc.
Her video is great. Even though I speak polish my whole life she made me engage in all the exercises and i felt happy whenever I completed one correctly. That was so weird almost as if I was learning a new language
Small tip: for adjectives ending with -ki -gi to the neuter form we add just -e :) wysoki mężczyzna - wysokie dziecko, drogi telefon-drogie dziecko, szeroki pasek - szerokie okno. That's how it is in our language, not everything will be logical... A large part of these illogical elements in our language touches on historical grammar, which explains why we use this form today and not another. I don't recommend delving into this area though. Just accept that it is what it is and that's it. ;)
Regarding "i" with an "e". In Polish 'i' before other vowel just softens the syllable. My polish teacher back in the days explained it like that. Soft consonants with diacritics (ć, ń, ó, ś, ź) put of their hats in front of vowels (cie, nie, nio, sio, zio). Seems childish, but it helped me when I studied the basics :)
Just awesome! Congratulations. If just started learning Spanish for a while the Spanish was very similar to English and Polish. The Latin is the answer.
6:27 yes, we usually put adjective before noun. If the N+A order is applied, it usually means that both words are a specific term, like there are no longer separate words but more like one word with two parts? For example, pachnący (aromatic) and groszek (pea). 'Pachnący groszek ', so standard A+N order, means simply 'pea which is aromatic '. But we can say 'groszek pachnący 'is a scientific name for a type of pea (it is sweet pea i guess). Or 'planeta karłowata'. It is polish term for dwarf planet like Pluto or Ceres. Planeta -noun (planet) and karłowata (adjective, means dwarf). If we It is separate group of objects. These are not just 'small planets'/karłowate planety, they are their own separate type of objects. So with this order, N+aA, the meaning may be different than just the sum of 2 words. The order N+A may be also used in biblical ir poetic style, or when one try to make a parody of these styles. Oh, one more example, big 🐼.. 'Panda wielka' is the name of species. You can for example say 'mała panda wielka '. It doesn't make sense (small big panda) if you treat each word separately. But because we have this order N+A, we can treat 'panda wielka' like one word. And it suddenly makes far more sense, 'mała panda wielka' is the animal which is small (mała) in size, but belongs to a species 'panda wielka'. Ofc there will be some exceptions from this rule, but i think as a general way how the order of noun and adjective works it is covering most of everyday usege
The most incoman mistake is in "dz" a lot of foreigners still pronounce it like d and z making more separate sounds for both letters. It combines to one sound , shorter than d and z separately. "Jest" is starting with j like in "yay" word.You still thinking of it like in the word jet. Although I think you will learn to speak polish really quickly cause your abilty to catch up the pronunciation is just amazing! :)
I love learning polish from such a videos as a native speaker while doing my homework from that language. And I found out something! Now I know how we change adjectives for neutral nouns (not that I probably used that rule millions of times in my life. Just never cared enough to spot that)
I am Polish and I think neutral form has "ie", when its masculine form ends on "i" , and when M ends on "y" it is "e" Examples: Wielki ----> Wielkie Zły(evil, bad, angry) ----> Złe Zły człowiek ( evil human), złe dziecko (evil child )
6:20 the adjectives are regular. In an older form of the language they were indeed wielky, wielka, wielke. The newer forms are a result of sound changes, were ky/gy & ke/ge changed to ki/gi and kie/gie. Ke/Ge & ky/gy are possible in modern Polish, but are limited to loanwords (kynofobia, gyros, generał) 7:50 The letters ę & ą each represent a vowel + nasal consonant sequence. So: ę+p=emp, ę+t=ent, ę+k=eŋk etc. If the following xonsonant is L/Ł, the nasal element is simply lost (ą+ł=oł). If the following sound is fricative, or at the end of a word, the nasal turns into a nasal labial/labiovelar approximant, ie an English W-sound with nasalization. Most of the time, ę looses its nasalization word finally, so się=śe, bęndę=bende etc. Ę and Ą both descend from one single nasalized A vowel that differed in length; short ą became ę, long ą became nasalized o (but the old spelling was retained).
im sure version wielke was used in some dialects (or history), wy added an i to make it sound better ;) miasto wielkie, you can say that way! thats cool about polish - almost free word order.
I am impressed. Btw. The similarity with Italian may be due to the fact that the first written language in Poland was Latin and many Polish words have Latin origins. [e.g. oko (eye), okno (window), okulary (glasses) - pl, oculus (eye)- latin)
I tu się mylisz, łacina to uproszczona forma starosłowiańskiego, nie na odwrót. Wcześniej niż alfabet łaciński powstały inne alfabety, bardziej przystające do języków słowiańskich, ale częściowo zostały zapomniane, gdyż nie były kultywowane przez Kościół.
@@totujestraj Nooo chyba jednak nie... Łacina powstała wcześniej niż starosłowiański, znacznie wcześniej, więc nie mogła być "uproszczoną formą starosłowiańskiego". Łacina była pierwszym językiem PISANYM w Polsce, czyli takim, którego używano w Polsce w dokumentach, książkach itp. "Kultywowanie" (cokolwiek to znaczy dla ciebie) nie miało z tym wiele wspólnego. To po prostu konsekwencja drogi rozwoju, którą przyjęła Polska. Po prostu jedynymi piśmiennymi osobami, które mogły cokolwiek zapisywać, były osoby (głównie mnisi i księża), które posługiwały się łaciną.
@@obserwator1766to, że pisało się po łacinie nie znaczy, że łacina jest językiem starszym od starosłowiańskiego. Trzeba rozróżnić język pisany od języka mówionego.
@@totujestraj Ok. Możesz mieć "technicznie" rację co do czasu/pierwszeństwa powstania tych 2 języków tzn. staro-łacińskiego i staro-słowiańskiego (chociaż IMO to temat do dyskusji). Ale z pewnością żaden z nich nie wywodził się z tego drugiego. I wpływ łaciny na polskie słownictwo jest dość oczywisty i możliwy do poparcia poparcia przez przykłady, przy jednoczesnym braku dowodów takiego wpływu w drugą stronę.
@@obserwator1766słuchamy innych nauczycieli. Moi są w stanie pokazać, że łacina wywodzi się z języków słowiańskich. Ja nie mam takiej pamięci, by tu sypać przykładami.
6:00 - that's good question. You know... I use Polish for whole my life so I didn't think of that just spoke but that's a good point. That can be confusing.
explaining masculine femininc and neuter shout start with "ten, ta, to" meaning "this" - it makes it understand easier. F.ex '"ten chłopiec - masculine", "ta osoba - feminine", "to okno - neuter" etc.
Comparing to English you just have those exceptions to memorize at some point and the rest is based on rules. English is based on exceptions with just a bit of rules. Btw. You are cracking it!
05:46 It's a remnant of older Slavic languages in which the "e" was pronounced like "ye", kinda like it still is pronounced in Russian. 07:52 Yeah, it was a nasal sound in the past, but nowadays people will just say "pʲeŋkny" (that is, a regular "e" followed with the "ng" sound denoted as "ŋ" in the International Phonetic Alphabet, the same sound as in the english "sing"), especially when speaking fast or casually. The nasal "ę" is only pronounced when one wants to speak fancy and articulate everything perfectly. E.g. if you're a narrator or a voice actor, or interpreting a poem.
i wuld say Y and i in polish is pretty far apart for how they sound The area of throat you are using is simular but for i you are using the bottom part of the throat while for Y you are using the top
Wanna speak Polish forget about it’s grammar. Just listen, speak and practice pronunciation. Don’t make it harder than it is. Make it simple. Love Poland 🇵🇱😃
We also rahter say that: "Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem". The meaning is the same as: "Nowy Jork to wielkie miasto". Both sentences are corect, depend what question in what grammar form someone will ask you.
Jest = Yes+t (Yest) Pronunciation. I really admire the human mind watching my 3 year olds who understand it on instinct. As a Pole you go on automatic your whole life, then you watch a movie like that and you go "aaaaa that's why". It seems to me that sometimes we use, for example, 'ie' instead of just 'e' to make pronunciation easier. I mean, maybe according to the rules it should be like that, but the language evolved and everyone made it easier for themselves in this way, so now it's written like this.
Because if he wants to stay in the country and not be a permanent alien, he's got to, doesn't he? I mean, sure enough, you can live a good, comfortable and interesting life in big cities while remaining English-speaking only, but not only will the rest of the country be pretty much a huge white spot on the map, but even in Warsaw or someplace like that your experience of the local life and mentality will be quite filtered. Yup, the language is hard, but it's a question of attitude. If you're interested in the place you live, learning the language is a question of natural interest. If it's not, then it means you're just lukewarm about it and you just choose to stay foreigner. Nothing wrong about that, but a foreigner is a foreigner -- no matter what country we're talking about.
@@bartoszjasinski I didn't say I wasn't impressed. Although... to be honest, what we watched so far was _one_ video dealing with a fairly simple aspect of the language being introduced by a lovely-looking Polish girl (on which he didn't fail to remark). This might be a glimpse on one of Wes's first steps in embarking on this huge, long adventure that learning Polish inevitably is. Or it might just be a sort of reaction video. A one-off.
The problem with learning polish is the fact that it's rules were codified like 100 years ago. So it developed around the rule "what sound right is propably correct" and only those 100 years ago to codify it we had to rationalise and find any regularities in it. That's why there are so many exeptions and diffrent rules in it. So in my opinion the sounding of sentence can be a good indicator of if you said somethig correctly.
it's "wielkie" and not "wielke" because it's way easier to say it in polish when the consonant is softened by "i". consonants in polish are often softened because with our accent it's just simply hard to pronounce some letter clusters
Nice going! I know it's a long shot but if you'd like to I could try to explain to you these little pronaunciation differencies like "e" vs "ę" in words etc :)
When it comes to the order of adjective and noun, in Polish you can actually swap them, but it carries a slightly different meaning. When you want to describe the noun, you'd typically put the adjective before the noun. If you put it AFTER then rather than describing, you're categorizing the noun or expanding the meaning - essentially creating sort of a compound noun that, in many cases, has a special meaning. When a Polish person hears "podwodna łódź", they'll understand it as "underwater boat" - there is a boat and you're describing it as one that is/goes underwater. When you say "łódź podwodna", however, you're using Polish term for "submarine". If you say "żółty królik" (yellow rabbit), you're speaking of a rabbit that it yellow. A "królik żółty" will likely make the listener think that there exists a species or a race of rabbit that's called this. Of course, all this is just how it "generally" works, language is a complex, living thing and the context often makes a lot of difference.
1:10 I know this is a tiny thing but still... Zaczynamy - We begin / We are beginning Zaczynajmy - Let's begin the same with: Chodzimy - We go / We walk Chodźmy - Let's go
Well, adjectives actually could appear after the noun. IT happens when you talk about some general category of objects like szkoła podstawowa or ogród zoologiczny.
As a Polish native I've struggled in the primary school and in high school as well. Polish lessons....my goodness we invented some things I guess to confuse our enemies Is it different now? We avoid google censorship inventing terms The only way to learn Polish is to study it like you study medical sciences. Definitely good for your memory...
Firstly, we didn't invent the complex grammar. We inherited it from the ancestor protoslavic languages, and then Latin's influence probably normalized and reinforced that. The complexities were not added on our land -- it was the other lands that have gradually done away with them. Latin has declensions, German has retained 4 declension cases (and varied patterns of noun inflection), Dutch, if I remember correctly, also had declension until relatively recent times. Secondly, there's a general consensus as to the general recommendation for students of a language with such complex grammar being _not_ to delve too deep into the theoretical details of grammar. For most people that would be the quickest way to get terminally discouraged. Also, the workings of our complex grammar are too difficult to grasp even for the majority of native speakers. The way to go is to surround yourself with as much comprehensible input as you can and rely on intuitive pattern recognition, and to reach for theory only to forma rough general idea of what you're dealing with, or to clear doubts.
Well, I may be wrong, but for me (Polish) it sounds more like "say whatever, it's correct". We have a lot of flexibility in word creation. Anyway, you have earned my respect
So starting from the easy stuff xd 1 ę/ą is usually pronounced in the end of sentence like e/oł, in the middle of sentence like en/on, before ł like e/o and before b and p like em/en which is needlessly complicated but the denasalisation of the nasal e(ę) and nasal o(ą) is pretty recent when it comes to standard polish so it didn't go through to written language yet 2 in polish pe, ke and ge never exist(if you hear them it means it's pę, kę and gę). We for some reason those 3 we soften into pie/kie/gie, both in speech and in written form. The same with ky, gy, we change them to ki, gi. 3 the/a/an doesn't exist in polish, just like in most of languages. But we have something similar. When you say "biały królik" that means a white rabbit, because the adjectice is first. In most names consisting of 2 parts in fields like geography and biology we use adjective 2nd, for example Ocean Atlantycki=The Atlantic Ocean(it doesn't work all the time though, because the Great Canyon=Wielki Kanion) 4 forming plural is in many cases easy, when talking about nationalities a bit more complicated. The most common way:adding -y on the end(of course ky doesn't exist so you out ki instead) of fem and masc and -a of neuter Kot(cat)->koty bank->banki mama(mum)->mamy córka(daughter)->córki miasto->miasta liceum->licea for some reason in plural gy changes to dzy so kolega->koledzy many words have other specific endings, especially ones ending with -ść, -ę and many masculine words. For adjectives it is 10x easier when talking about male humans: add "i/y" and if needed change consonant before which could be hard to remember what changes to what trudny->trudni(difficult) dobry->dobrzy(good) długi->dłudzy(long) krótki->krótcy(short) pi->pi, by->bi, sy->si(pronounced śi), ty->ci, wy->wi, dy->dzi, fy->fi, chy->si(=śi),ły->li, my->mi, szy->si, czy->czy, ży->zi(=źi) For everything else:add "e" and after k/g put an "i" in between miły(kot, bank)/miła/miłe->miłe długi/a/ie->długie krótki/a/ie->krótkie 5 the nouns/adjectives here are presented only in the most basic case, there are 7 of them in polish and 1-3 in english(most words have 1 but some basic words have more, for example he, his, him). So theoretically if you won't learn the other cases you will sound like that: "He has loved he girlfriend and she loved he as well" instead of sounding like that: "He has loved his girlfriend and she loved him as well". Everyone will know what you meant except of rare cases and for everyone it will sound like a non-native :p(just like me in German)
With this sentence about New York, I think we actually would say it more often as “Nowy Jork jest WIELKIM MIASTEM” but this is next level as noun declension kicks in
So the "i" at "wielkie" is there only to soften the "k" otherwise it would be "wielke" and it would sound oddly. In old polish it was the other way and with time it got changed. So the short answer to the question why is it "ie" not "e" (and many similar) is "because language evolves".
She was talking about "Nowy Jork to jest duże miasto" and I'm sitting right here with 'oh no, you won't teach THIS". She started "Polish people usually don't speak like that" and I'm so happy cause she would teach about cases, right? RIGHT?! For people who doesn't know - you can say this sentence in two ways. One way shown by her - Nowy Jork to duże miasto. But also - Nowy Jork jest dużym miastem. Polish is funny and flexible like that, we're dropping parts of a sentence on a whim
There is a big group of masculine nouns with -a ending, the rule to recognise them is very simple if noun describe a man it's masculine. Artysta (masculine) - man artist, artystka (feminine) - woman artist, tata (masculine) - dad/father. For feminine nouns not only -a can be an ending. Every noun with -ść ending is feminine (I can't find any exceptions). But there is group of endings which can have both, masculine and feminine nouns: -ć(without ś), -dź, -ś, -ź, -ń, -śń, -źń, -(i)ew, -c, -l, -cz, -dż, -sz, -ż, -szcz (I'm not sure if -śń, -źń masculine nouns exist). It might be not big group (I can find 114 nouns) but there are commonly used months' name with -ń and also rarely used. Neuter nouns can also have -(i)ę ending, for example imię - name, źrebię - young horse
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Every foreigner in Poland is terrified with pronunciation of our language... Well, actually it is the easy part XD
as a polish person i am scared by the rules i use by not even knowing them.
Odmiana rzeczowników przez przypadki - zabójstwo dla obcokrajowców...
pronunciation* mate! 😂🇵🇱
@@realdjoffski that's a bit prescriptivist, maybe it's his idiolect, not everyone speaks like you do.
@@realdjoffski Thx, corrected.
This guy! This is talent. And intelligence. I'm Polish myself, and I say, he's gonna nail it in 6 months.
We are happy we could help you learn Polish ! Fingers crossed for your progress! Dzięki :)
I never really thought about such a basic construction as "this is," but from the perspective of someone learning Polish, it can actually be quite complicated.
It is correct to say: "Nowy Jork to jest wielkie miasto" (New York is a big city), though it's usually shortened to "Nowy Jork to wielkie miasto." However, you can also use just "jest" instead of "to jest," but in that case, you would say: "Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem."
Well, that's the most correct and natural way to say it, but the teacher consciously avoided even mentioning that, because "wielkim miastem" enters, even when used in such a simple sentence, into the deep waters of declension and cases. She wanted to keep things safe and understandable -- i.e. stay in the nominative case.
Dude, I admire Your concentration and I'll be cheering you along on your journey. Best of luck!🌼
I'm so proud of this guy
You are good. I wouldn't catch so quickly just by hearing it once or twice. You have a talent for languages.
As a polish person, I thought I'm learning whole different language myself while watching this 😭
😆 true to that
A few explanations to your doubts.
"wielki" turns into "wielkie", rather than "wielke", because the stem (the non-changing part) is "wielki". It just happens to be modified (well, they aren't always that unchanging, sorry) in some of the grammatical cases of the feminine form. But hardly anybody knows the rules for those changes, so the simpler explanation is that you will never ever see the ending "-ia" in any adjective. So, "wielkia" just looks weird a mile off.
The "ę" is supposed to be pronounced nasally, but note that naturally it usually sounds like "en" with some nasalization (without the nasalization it still sounds okay), and, more importantly, at the end of the word the nasalization in "ę" is actually meant to be mostly dropped, so that it's a flawed pronunciation if you nasalize that ending "ę" too much. You can basically not nasalize it at all.
One error you need to correct in your pronunciation, Wes, is the letter "j". In Polish it has the sound of the "y" in English words "yes" or "year". There's no trace of the English "j" in it.
And well, yes, unfortunately, things get significantly more complicated. Because we have the infamous declension which turns stuff such as "miła osoba" into, for example, "miłej osobie":
Daj książkę tej miłej osobie. -- Give a/the book to this nice person.
"miłej osobie" is the dative case of "miła osoba", and the dative case is used for situations where the verb has a second object, which is the object that is affected by the action, although not directly handled by the subject.
"wielki" isn't the stem, "wielk" is. In old Polish not only "i" was a soft vowel (it can make consonant before soft) but also "e". This is a reason why "wielkie" has "i". Also "meduza" (jellyfish) -> "meduzie" (dative case)
You've never seen the "-ia" ending in any adjective? What about sowia, rybia, wielorybia, jastrzębia, tania, ostatnia, przednia, letnia?
@@sylwiatime Wow! True! What was I thinking? Thanks for being observant and correcting me!
Thoose are the things that will come naturally when you listen and try to talk in Polish.
Learning grammar first is just a mistake.
@@butlazgazempropan-butan11k87 That's true. However, having some general idea about what the grammar is about might actually simplify things as you go.
You're quite smart guy! I'm impressed by how quick you're able to comprehend the idea behind the Polish language. I wish you well, because your comprehension and pronunciation is very promising. Have a good fun! Cheers!
Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem 🙂 Wiktoria jest miłą osobą. For me such forms are more natural, but you'll get there soon 😄
tak, ale trzeba odmieniac przez przypadki...
Yes, but she teaches base for right now. "Wielkim miastem" is a lesson about declination and cases. So for right now in a simplest form you can say "to jest wielkie miasto" and it is correct, just in a simplest form for beginners.
keep in mind that polish is a language of exeptions. we have alot of rules that does not count because of exeptions that needs to be memorised.
Nope, there are rules, it's just there are so many that most primary and secondary school-level teachers cannot be bothered to explain them properly and resort to 'exceptional' argumentation instead, just like that 'teacher' in the video Wes was watching--saying that nouns ending with -ść in nominative are feminine as an exception; where in fact ALL Polish nouns that end with -ść in nominative are feminine: kość, złość, miłość... To add, all nouns that end with pallatalized c or used to end with pallatalized c are feminine: żółć, mać, noc and moc... yes, noc and moc used to have pallatalized c in old-Polish, just like in present-day Ukrainian.
If you think or language is full of exceptions, you have not tried to really analyse English...
@@SzalonyKucharz A "gość"? To rodzaj żeński?
@@soniaxxx7262 Gość jest bardzo starym zapożyczeniem, które uległo zmiękczeniu, pozostając przy tym w rodzaju oryginalnego zapożyczenia. Pewnie znajdzie się kilka podobnych wyjątków, choć posiadających uzasadnienie. Zasadniczo język polski respektuje oryginalny rodzaj zapożyczenia nawet, jeśli końcówki są niezgodne z konwencjami polszczyzny. Chociaż pod tym względem bywa niekonsekwentnie, słowo opus raz jest traktowane jako rodzaju męskiego, raz nijakiego - ponieważ w łacinie jest nijakie. Są też rzeczywiste osobliwości, kiedy zmiana rodzaju wiąże się ze zmianą znaczenia. Żołądź rodzaju męskiego to owoc dębu, podczas gdy żołądź rodzaju żeńskiego to zwieńczenie męskiego narządu płciowego.
@@SzalonyKucharz Twoje rozważania są tak odległe od poziomu polszczyzny tego Koreańczyka, że nie wiem, po co to przestawiasz. Jeśli Koreańczykowi powiesz, że -ość to rodzaj żeński, to będzie mówił "miła gość". Taki będzie efekt.
I congratulate you on such a challenge and wish you success in your studies. You will need it. In Polish schools, people who speak Polish learn grammar for many years and so many have a lot of problems with it :)
Nobody learns grammar in school. You learn *about* grammar there, but you learn the grammar itself while talking to people.
@@bakters
Exactly. Many of us knew grammar practically before starting school. But sometimes many of us make basic mistakes even after graduating. So it is important to use correct Polish in practice at a young age.
Wow, you catch that quickly. I'm impressed!
Wes made a good observation asking why the male adjective ‘wielki’ changes in the neutral form to ‘wielkie’, instead of ‘wielke’. The woman in the video did not specify it, but if a male adjective is an exception and ends with ‘-i’ (instead of ‘-y’), you don’t replace ‘-i’ with ‘-e’, but add ‘e’ to make it ‘-ie’. E.g., ‘wielkie’, ‘szybkie’ ‘głupie’, etc..
This is very simple to explain and is not an exception but a rule. Standard Polish phonology does not allow for hard (non-iotated) k preceding vowel e. There is no hardened version of k either, meaning there is no ky or ký, as there is in other Slavic languages. You just can't say krótke, or króliky, kecka, kerownik, unless you speak with an old-Warsaw accent or something. It's krótki, króliki, kiecka, kierownik. The only exceptions would be borrowings from other languages in words like kendo, kepi, Janke.
@@SzalonyKucharz Your explanation is anything but simple. Thank God that you didn’t try to explain it to Wes, because you would only confuse him. He asked for practical advice on how to conjugate adjectives, not for a lecture on etymology of unrelated words. With your tendency to answer questions that were not asked, you would do well as a politician.
@@jurekprzychodzen6454 It is simple. Every language, apart from its grammar, also has its unique phonetic system that allows or does not allow for certain sound combinations. That's why wielkie and not wielke. Giermek and not germek. Gnieść not gneść. Szyszka and not sziszka.
But if you want it even simpler, then ok. The reason for wielkie is because Polish is exceptionally hard, full of oddities which need to be learnt by heart. It is the most difficult of human languages to learn and we're proud of it. Are you picking what I'm putting down here?
@@SzalonyKucharz Hey, Kucharz, better stay with cooking. Teaching is not for you.
@@jurekprzychodzen6454Miszcz cientej riposty, I see...
holy crap you are amazing at pronunciation already
i have feeling you will be speaking polish in no time
Good job! Keep learning and don’t give up! And, just for you, I have to let you know that adjectives do not always preceed nouns in Polish. The can also follow them, because Polish is a very flexible language. It is simply that either of the forms can be preferred in tho common use. And this may also depend on what emphasis you want to apply. In general, the adjectives following the noons indicate the emphasis on the adjrctives rather than the nouns
Hey Wes, as a Germanic European, I also find learning Polish mind bogglingy difficult. I am sure that as a native speaker of the easiest language in human history, i.e. American English, and having learned the second easiest language in human history, I.e. American Spanish, the easiest foreign language anyone can learn as a native English speaker since more than half of the words in Spanish have Latin roots, I.e. more than half of the words are more or less the same in Spanish as in English, and while Spanish grammar is not as easy as English, it is still the second easiest in the world, I respect that someone like you is making an effort to learn some Polish, and I understand why and how it is difficult. I share some of your frustrations a propos learning Polish. Thanks for sharing your efforts in learning Polish 👍
I am impressed. And no, not because "Polish is the most difficult language in the world" (it isn't) but how you figure out stuff, you are thinking and using the knowledge about bits of grammar and applying it. With all the: "I just watch stuff and don't learn grammar" it's refreshing to see someone actually bothering to learn grammar.
That warmed my heart.
I am so proud of you wanting to learn some basic Polish. Powodzenia!
just adding the fact I don't really like her pronunciation and intonation that much, sounds somewhat off.
You are doing great Wes!
have to say, you do pretty great so far, keep up the good work
Did i answer all her questions despite me being Polish? 😂 i sure did 😅
You're doing great!
When I watch your videos I always wonder how I would explain grammar to someone from abroad XD It its really nice to see someone trying to learn our language. Good luck!
wow you are good! You motivate me to start learn korean finally - I wait 3 years alredy because of fear of that challange :D Greetings from Tricity in Poland :-) This girl is good in explenation!
I'm really impressed :). Keep going! You are doing great job!
6:20 you are right, "Y" and "I" sound similar and in many cases act as hard and soft versions of the same structure. And that leads to your question.
K, G do not match with the vowel "y". That would sound too harsh and would be difficult to pronounce, so the "y" ending is replaced by the softer "i".
In the neutral form, the "e" itself would also be too hard to pronounce (try to say it that way), so the "-i-" acts as a soft connector.
Examples:
Miejski -> miejskie (urban)
Wiejski -> wiejskie (rural)
Męski -> męskie (male)
Damski, żeński -> damskie, żeńskie (lady's, female)
Niebieski -> niebieskie (blue)
80% of basic adjectives ends with -Wy -Ny, -Ty, -Dy, -Ły
C, S are "swap states"
Kobiecy -> kobiece (woman's, female)
Koci -> kocie (feline)
Gorący -> gorące (hot)
Łysy -> łyse (bald)
Lisi -> lisie (foxy)
Ok. I stop here because it's getting too detailed.
Język polski uważany jest za bardzo trudny ale Ty radzisz sobie świetnie 👍👏👋
Chinski rowniez :)
czym to zmierzyć?
@@sanproekt trudność języka można sprawdzić grubością podręcznika do jego nauki, lub średnim czasem jaki potrzebowały osoby uczące się danego języka do opanowania go w stopniu pozwalającym na swobodną komunikację.
Our friendly channel host, thanks to this Polish language learning, will stay longer in Poland and become a Polish patriot 👍
Oooo man :) I'm so happy that I didn't have to learn it all. You did pretty well. Good luck with learning the polish language :)
You are doing great!
I have some anwers and comments for you Wes.
Let's start with phonotactics. The letter "i" besides being a vowel can also function as a consonant when following another one (thus "i" in "miasto" is pronounced like "y" in "yes"), but it also palatalizes (softens) some consonants, merging with them and changing their pronounciation significantly as you may have noticed. That's why "dz" in "dziecko" is different from "dz" in "jedzenie". You could say that besides being a vowel the letter "i" in Polish also functions as a "palatalizer" (not sure this word even exists). Similarly English "u" softens "t" in "tube" or "you" softens "d" in "would you". If "i" is a "soft" vowel/consonant then "y" is a "hard" one, never following a "soft" consonant. Consonants "k" and "g" are "soft" by definition, even if they don't really sound like that. That's why "k" and "g" are never followed by "y". There is no "ky" and "gy" in Polish except for some rare foreign words like "kynologia" ("cynology" - a word of Greek origin). Similarly "e" is a hard, unpalatalized vowel, so it cannot follow "k" or "g" without being separated by a aforementioned "i" functioning here as a "palatalizer". Imagine that "k" and "g" "force" "e" to soften itself by their presence before and it has to be indicated by adding the right letter in-between. Also, nasal vowel "ę" doesn't follow the same rule. It can be placed right after "k" and "g" without adding "i" in the middle. Think about "ą" and "ę" as autonomous letters instead of variants of "a" and "e". These combinations are possible: ka, ga, ką, gą, kie, gie, kę, gę, gię, ki, gi, ko, go, kó, gó, ku, gu. These combinations are atypical, but can appear in certain loanwords: kia, gia, kią, gią, kię, kio, gio, kiu, giu. These are nonexistant, but do not conflict with aforementioned rules of palatalization: kió, gió. And these are impossible: ke, ge, ky, gy. That may be to much for a beginner, but it anwers your question.
Another matter. Never pronounce "j" as an English "j" in "jeans", "Jerry", "jeep". It is ALWAYS pronounced as "y" in "yes" or "York", not counting foreign, particularly English names. Believe me, it's going to be better if you drop this as soon as possible. Polish is full of consonant clusters and bringing tendencies from English is going to mess up your pronounciation and take learning to a higher level of difficulty.
And finally, you have noticed that adjectives come before the noun. The truth is that they can be placed before or after the noun. However as a rule of thumb when the adjective comes first then it creates a general description. When it comes after - it's definite. So, black coal in Polish is called "węgiel kamienny" ("węgiel" - coal, "kamienny" - stone/stony (it's an adjective)). In English you would say stone/stony coal, but in Polish we say coal stone/stoney. Why? Because it is a name of a specific element, so it requires definite description. The reverse combination - "kamienny węgiel" - doesn't sound like an name of a classified substance, but rather some sort of coal that happens to be stony. Another example: National Bank translates to "Bank Narodowy". "Bank Narodowy" sounds like the specific institution. "Narodowy Bank" would sound like a bank that is characterized by some reason as national/belonging to the nation. You could say that adjective before the noun gives a casual tone and adjective after the noun makes it feel more official. Or even though there are no articles in Polish, adjective before the noun is like a "a/an" type of a description and adjective after the noun is a "the" type of a description.
You've got to be from Warsaw if you pronounce "i" in "miasto" as "y" in "yes"...
@@CSSuser How do you pronounce it? Check the link below and IPA translitaration of the word "miasto". Is "i" pronounced as a vowel or a consonant? pl.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/miasto
@@CSSuser And I am definately not from Warsaw.
@@mrcnkk125 Some other parts of Mazowsze then :P
@@CSSuser Western Pommerania
For clearing the confusion.
In informal speach "ę" is pronuced like "e" and "ą" is like "om". Its just easier to not stress the tongue if you dont need to (but its good if you prounce them right if you speak formally).
"ę" is pronounced like "e" only in the word endings. In other places the sound can be simplified to "en".
@@barsorrro nie wiedziałem
edit: warto wiedzieć
If you're a foreigner you can simplify ę to en in the middle of a word, but keep in mind that natives will hear the difference. The two are close but not the same. Ą is more difficult because you can neither simplify it to O at the end of a word nor to OM or ON. All of those will sound bad.
@@barsorrro A w "pięć" to jest "en" czy "eń"? Co z twoją teorią? A "zęby" wymawiasz "zenby"?
The teacher is great❤️
And You are VERY CAPABLE student👍
Chapeau bas🎩!
I guess we should create a simplified version of Polish specifically for foreigners. It should be easy to learn and at the same time understandable for native Poles 🤔.
That's actually a great idea
Okropny pomysł. Zresztą został już wykorzystany do stworzenia języków europejskich kilkadziesiąt wieków temu.
Tak z łaciny powstały języki romańskie - z francuskim chyba nie bardzo się udało.
@@jacekwidor3306może i tak, ale łacina powstała z języków słowiańskich, więc ten uproszczony język kiedyś już powstał. A że każdy język jest żywy, jeśli używają go ludzie, to wydaje się, że powstały z innego, nie istniejącego już języka, ale to nie prawda, bo języki słowiańskie nadal istnieją.
"a" and "the" don't exist in Polish. That's why for many Poles usages of them is confusing and they often forget about them (including myself).
There is no "a" or "the" in Polish, you can say "some" = jakiś/jakaś/jakieś, or "that" = ten/ta/to. I hope I helped
this = ten/ta/to, that = tamten/tamta/tamto
Or you can say "one" = jeden instead of "a/an".
When it comes to "ę" and "ą", at the beginning of learning pronunciation it is easier to pronounce ę - en/e, ą - om/on because in everyday, informal and fast speech they are in most cases pronounced this way, e.g. będę is pronounced "bende", małą is pronounced "małom", mąka is pronounced "monka", it doesn't sound 100% correct but it is similar enough that it is much more understandable and most people speak this way
Tylko wtedy gdy ktos mówi niechlujnie, lub ma wadę wymowy. Osoba rozpoczynająca naukę języka polskiego powinna starać się mówić poprawnie.
You're doing great!
Super! Gratuluję i życzę szybkich postępów w nauce języka polskiego. Jestem pod wrażeniem. Pozdrawiam serdecznie.
If masculine adjective ends with i, the neutral ends with ie most likely, the reason is probably that certain pairs of letters are awkward to pronounce and you don't see a lot of ky, łi, żi etc.
Congratulations, you will do well:)
Her video is great. Even though I speak polish my whole life she made me engage in all the exercises and i felt happy whenever I completed one correctly. That was so weird almost as if I was learning a new language
Small tip: for adjectives ending with -ki -gi to the neuter form we add just -e :) wysoki mężczyzna - wysokie dziecko, drogi telefon-drogie dziecko, szeroki pasek - szerokie okno. That's how it is in our language, not everything will be logical... A large part of these illogical elements in our language touches on historical grammar, which explains why we use this form today and not another. I don't recommend delving into this area though. Just accept that it is what it is and that's it. ;)
7:07 WHY IS DORA INSULTING ME 😂
Wow! Jesteś WIELKI !❤
You did it. I'm amazed. 🎉 Just continue.
Ta pani to miła i piękna osoba!
Regarding "i" with an "e". In Polish 'i' before other vowel just softens the syllable. My polish teacher back in the days explained it like that. Soft consonants with diacritics (ć, ń, ó, ś, ź) put of their hats in front of vowels (cie, nie, nio, sio, zio). Seems childish, but it helped me when I studied the basics :)
pronunciation will come with time and practice. so far so good.
Just awesome! Congratulations.
If just started learning Spanish for a while the Spanish was very similar to English and Polish. The Latin is the answer.
Dzisiaj = dziś, so you said it correctly
On myśli że w języku polskim odmienia się tylko czasowniki i rzeczowniki
Haha, let him discover it later. It wouldn't be not nice to discourage him at this stage.
Let him enjoy the surprises as they unfold 😅🤍❤
@@lollylula6399 :D
@@michadybczak4862 :D
Nie straszmy go, bo ucieknie..
If it was only jest in last example it would be Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem bcoz it’s instrumental case of the noun (and so is of the adjective)
Your biggest issue now IMHO - Spell polish J as Y like "new York", not English J. It's "jestem", not "dżestem" 😉 cheers
Wow, you're doing so well 🤩🤩 I am amazed. And I'm Polish 😉
Yes, I’ve reviewed a few other channels and PolishWithBlondes is a practically helpful channel to learn Polish from.
Punch thru it , man! You are doing good :)
You're doing good, keep going. "Trzymam za ciebie kciuki" :)
6:27 yes, we usually put adjective before noun. If the N+A order is applied, it usually means that both words are a specific term, like there are no longer separate words but more like one word with two parts? For example, pachnący (aromatic) and groszek (pea). 'Pachnący groszek ', so standard A+N order, means simply 'pea which is aromatic '. But we can say 'groszek pachnący 'is a scientific name for a type of pea (it is sweet pea i guess). Or 'planeta karłowata'. It is polish term for dwarf planet like Pluto or Ceres. Planeta -noun (planet) and karłowata (adjective, means dwarf). If we It is separate group of objects. These are not just 'small planets'/karłowate planety, they are their own separate type of objects. So with this order, N+aA, the meaning may be different than just the sum of 2 words. The order N+A may be also used in biblical ir poetic style, or when one try to make a parody of these styles. Oh, one more example, big 🐼.. 'Panda wielka' is the name of species. You can for example say 'mała panda wielka '. It doesn't make sense (small big panda) if you treat each word separately. But because we have this order N+A, we can treat 'panda wielka' like one word. And it suddenly makes far more sense, 'mała panda wielka' is the animal which is small (mała) in size, but belongs to a species 'panda wielka'. Ofc there will be some exceptions from this rule, but i think as a general way how the order of noun and adjective works it is covering most of everyday usege
The most incoman mistake is in "dz" a lot of foreigners still pronounce it like d and z making more separate sounds for both letters. It combines to one sound , shorter than d and z separately. "Jest" is starting with j like in "yay" word.You still thinking of it like in the word jet. Although I think you will learn to speak polish really quickly cause your abilty to catch up the pronunciation is just amazing! :)
I love learning polish from such a videos as a native speaker while doing my homework from that language. And I found out something! Now I know how we change adjectives for neutral nouns (not that I probably used that rule millions of times in my life. Just never cared enough to spot that)
I am Polish and I think neutral form has "ie", when its masculine form ends on "i" , and when M ends on "y" it is "e"
Examples:
Wielki ----> Wielkie
Zły(evil, bad, angry) ----> Złe
Zły człowiek ( evil human), złe dziecko (evil child )
konjugation is term used for verbs only, for nouns, pronouns, adjectives and numerals the correct term is declension
6:20 the adjectives are regular. In an older form of the language they were indeed wielky, wielka, wielke. The newer forms are a result of sound changes, were ky/gy & ke/ge changed to ki/gi and kie/gie.
Ke/Ge & ky/gy are possible in modern Polish, but are limited to loanwords (kynofobia, gyros, generał)
7:50 The letters ę & ą each represent a vowel + nasal consonant sequence. So: ę+p=emp, ę+t=ent, ę+k=eŋk etc. If the following xonsonant is L/Ł, the nasal element is simply lost (ą+ł=oł). If the following sound is fricative, or at the end of a word, the nasal turns into a nasal labial/labiovelar approximant, ie an English W-sound with nasalization. Most of the time, ę looses its nasalization word finally, so się=śe, bęndę=bende etc. Ę and Ą both descend from one single nasalized A vowel that differed in length; short ą became ę, long ą became nasalized o (but the old spelling was retained).
im sure version wielke was used in some dialects (or history), wy added an i to make it sound better ;) miasto wielkie, you can say that way! thats cool about polish - almost free word order.
I am impressed.
Btw. The similarity with Italian may be due to the fact that the first written language in Poland was Latin and many Polish words have Latin origins. [e.g. oko (eye), okno (window), okulary (glasses) - pl, oculus (eye)- latin)
I tu się mylisz, łacina to uproszczona forma starosłowiańskiego, nie na odwrót. Wcześniej niż alfabet łaciński powstały inne alfabety, bardziej przystające do języków słowiańskich, ale częściowo zostały zapomniane, gdyż nie były kultywowane przez Kościół.
@@totujestraj Nooo chyba jednak nie... Łacina powstała wcześniej niż starosłowiański, znacznie wcześniej, więc nie mogła być "uproszczoną formą starosłowiańskiego".
Łacina była pierwszym językiem PISANYM w Polsce, czyli takim, którego używano w Polsce w dokumentach, książkach itp.
"Kultywowanie" (cokolwiek to znaczy dla ciebie) nie miało z tym wiele wspólnego. To po prostu konsekwencja drogi rozwoju, którą przyjęła Polska.
Po prostu jedynymi piśmiennymi osobami, które mogły cokolwiek zapisywać, były osoby (głównie mnisi i księża), które posługiwały się łaciną.
@@obserwator1766to, że pisało się po łacinie nie znaczy, że łacina jest językiem starszym od starosłowiańskiego. Trzeba rozróżnić język pisany od języka mówionego.
@@totujestraj Ok. Możesz mieć "technicznie" rację co do czasu/pierwszeństwa powstania tych 2 języków tzn. staro-łacińskiego i staro-słowiańskiego (chociaż IMO to temat do dyskusji). Ale z pewnością żaden z nich nie wywodził się z tego drugiego. I wpływ łaciny na polskie słownictwo jest dość oczywisty i możliwy do poparcia poparcia przez przykłady, przy jednoczesnym braku dowodów takiego wpływu w drugą stronę.
@@obserwator1766słuchamy innych nauczycieli. Moi są w stanie pokazać, że łacina wywodzi się z języków słowiańskich. Ja nie mam takiej pamięci, by tu sypać przykładami.
6:00 - that's good question. You know... I use Polish for whole my life so I didn't think of that just spoke but that's a good point. That can be confusing.
explaining masculine femininc and neuter shout start with "ten, ta, to" meaning "this" - it makes it understand easier. F.ex '"ten chłopiec - masculine", "ta osoba - feminine", "to okno - neuter" etc.
Comparing to English you just have those exceptions to memorize at some point and the rest is based on rules. English is based on exceptions with just a bit of rules.
Btw. You are cracking it!
05:46 It's a remnant of older Slavic languages in which the "e" was pronounced like "ye", kinda like it still is pronounced in Russian.
07:52 Yeah, it was a nasal sound in the past, but nowadays people will just say "pʲeŋkny" (that is, a regular "e" followed with the "ng" sound denoted as "ŋ" in the International Phonetic Alphabet, the same sound as in the english "sing"), especially when speaking fast or casually. The nasal "ę" is only pronounced when one wants to speak fancy and articulate everything perfectly. E.g. if you're a narrator or a voice actor, or interpreting a poem.
i wuld say Y and i in polish is pretty far apart for how they sound
The area of throat you are using is simular but for i you are using the bottom part of the throat while for Y you are using the top
Shit no makes my day. All the best!
Wanna speak Polish forget about it’s grammar.
Just listen, speak and practice pronunciation.
Don’t make it harder than it is.
Make it simple.
Love Poland 🇵🇱😃
We also rahter say that: "Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem". The meaning is the same as: "Nowy Jork to wielkie miasto". Both sentences are corect, depend what question in what grammar form someone will ask you.
Jest = Yes+t (Yest) Pronunciation. I really admire the human mind watching my 3 year olds who understand it on instinct. As a Pole you go on automatic your whole life, then you watch a movie like that and you go "aaaaa that's why".
It seems to me that sometimes we use, for example, 'ie' instead of just 'e' to make pronunciation easier. I mean, maybe according to the rules it should be like that, but the language evolved and everyone made it easier for themselves in this way, so now it's written like this.
I'm amazed that you even try to learn this freaking language. WHY?! :D Kudos for you. A lot.
Because if he wants to stay in the country and not be a permanent alien, he's got to, doesn't he? I mean, sure enough, you can live a good, comfortable and interesting life in big cities while remaining English-speaking only, but not only will the rest of the country be pretty much a huge white spot on the map, but even in Warsaw or someplace like that your experience of the local life and mentality will be quite filtered. Yup, the language is hard, but it's a question of attitude. If you're interested in the place you live, learning the language is a question of natural interest. If it's not, then it means you're just lukewarm about it and you just choose to stay foreigner. Nothing wrong about that, but a foreigner is a foreigner -- no matter what country we're talking about.
@@barsorrro He could go anywhere, i'm still impressed.
@@bartoszjasinski I didn't say I wasn't impressed. Although... to be honest, what we watched so far was _one_ video dealing with a fairly simple aspect of the language being introduced by a lovely-looking Polish girl (on which he didn't fail to remark). This might be a glimpse on one of Wes's first steps in embarking on this huge, long adventure that learning Polish inevitably is. Or it might just be a sort of reaction video. A one-off.
The problem with learning polish is the fact that it's rules were codified like 100 years ago. So it developed around the rule "what sound right is propably correct" and only those 100 years ago to codify it we had to rationalise and find any regularities in it. That's why there are so many exeptions and diffrent rules in it. So in my opinion the sounding of sentence can be a good indicator of if you said somethig correctly.
it's "wielkie" and not "wielke" because it's way easier to say it in polish when the consonant is softened by "i". consonants in polish are often softened because with our accent it's just simply hard to pronounce some letter clusters
jest --> you should read "J" as "y". The word "jest" is similar in pronunciation to the word "yeast"
Nice going! I know it's a long shot but if you'd like to I could try to explain to you these little pronaunciation differencies like "e" vs "ę" in words etc :)
When it comes to the order of adjective and noun, in Polish you can actually swap them, but it carries a slightly different meaning.
When you want to describe the noun, you'd typically put the adjective before the noun. If you put it AFTER then rather than describing, you're categorizing the noun or expanding the meaning - essentially creating sort of a compound noun that, in many cases, has a special meaning.
When a Polish person hears "podwodna łódź", they'll understand it as "underwater boat" - there is a boat and you're describing it as one that is/goes underwater. When you say "łódź podwodna", however, you're using Polish term for "submarine". If you say "żółty królik" (yellow rabbit), you're speaking of a rabbit that it yellow. A "królik żółty" will likely make the listener think that there exists a species or a race of rabbit that's called this.
Of course, all this is just how it "generally" works, language is a complex, living thing and the context often makes a lot of difference.
1:10 I know this is a tiny thing but still...
Zaczynamy - We begin / We are beginning
Zaczynajmy - Let's begin
the same with:
Chodzimy - We go / We walk
Chodźmy - Let's go
Well, adjectives actually could appear after the noun. IT happens when you talk about some general category of objects like szkoła podstawowa or ogród zoologiczny.
It's crazy, but as a native I learned polish grammar rules with you today 😂
As a Polish native I've struggled in the primary school and in high school as well. Polish lessons....my goodness we invented some things I guess to confuse our enemies
Is it different now? We avoid google censorship inventing terms
The only way to learn Polish is to study it like you study medical sciences. Definitely good for your memory...
Firstly, we didn't invent the complex grammar. We inherited it from the ancestor protoslavic languages, and then Latin's influence probably normalized and reinforced that. The complexities were not added on our land -- it was the other lands that have gradually done away with them. Latin has declensions, German has retained 4 declension cases (and varied patterns of noun inflection), Dutch, if I remember correctly, also had declension until relatively recent times.
Secondly, there's a general consensus as to the general recommendation for students of a language with such complex grammar being _not_ to delve too deep into the theoretical details of grammar. For most people that would be the quickest way to get terminally discouraged. Also, the workings of our complex grammar are too difficult to grasp even for the majority of native speakers. The way to go is to surround yourself with as much comprehensible input as you can and rely on intuitive pattern recognition, and to reach for theory only to forma rough general idea of what you're dealing with, or to clear doubts.
Well, I may be wrong, but for me (Polish) it sounds more like "say whatever, it's correct". We have a lot of flexibility in word creation.
Anyway, you have earned my respect
8:04 actually, "ę" is pronounced practically the same as "eu"
So starting from the easy stuff xd
1 ę/ą is usually pronounced in the end of sentence like e/oł, in the middle of sentence like en/on, before ł like e/o and before b and p like em/en which is needlessly complicated but the denasalisation of the nasal e(ę) and nasal o(ą) is pretty recent when it comes to standard polish so it didn't go through to written language yet
2 in polish pe, ke and ge never exist(if you hear them it means it's pę, kę and gę). We for some reason those 3 we soften into pie/kie/gie, both in speech and in written form. The same with ky, gy, we change them to ki, gi.
3 the/a/an doesn't exist in polish, just like in most of languages. But we have something similar. When you say "biały królik" that means a white rabbit, because the adjectice is first. In most names consisting of 2 parts in fields like geography and biology we use adjective 2nd, for example Ocean Atlantycki=The Atlantic Ocean(it doesn't work all the time though, because the Great Canyon=Wielki Kanion)
4 forming plural is in many cases easy, when talking about nationalities a bit more complicated. The most common way:adding -y on the end(of course ky doesn't exist so you out ki instead) of fem and masc and -a of neuter
Kot(cat)->koty
bank->banki
mama(mum)->mamy
córka(daughter)->córki
miasto->miasta
liceum->licea
for some reason in plural gy changes to dzy so
kolega->koledzy
many words have other specific endings, especially ones ending with -ść, -ę and many masculine words.
For adjectives it is 10x easier
when talking about male humans: add "i/y" and if needed change consonant before which could be hard to remember what changes to what
trudny->trudni(difficult)
dobry->dobrzy(good)
długi->dłudzy(long)
krótki->krótcy(short)
pi->pi, by->bi, sy->si(pronounced śi), ty->ci, wy->wi, dy->dzi, fy->fi, chy->si(=śi),ły->li, my->mi, szy->si, czy->czy, ży->zi(=źi)
For everything else:add "e" and after k/g put an "i" in between
miły(kot, bank)/miła/miłe->miłe
długi/a/ie->długie
krótki/a/ie->krótkie
5 the nouns/adjectives here are presented only in the most basic case, there are 7 of them in polish and 1-3 in english(most words have 1 but some basic words have more, for example he, his, him). So theoretically if you won't learn the other cases you will sound like that: "He has loved he girlfriend and she loved he as well" instead of sounding like that: "He has loved his girlfriend and she loved him as well". Everyone will know what you meant except of rare cases and for everyone it will sound like a non-native :p(just like me in German)
You are very intelligent. Jesteś bardzo inteligentny 👍
With this sentence about New York, I think we actually would say it more often as “Nowy Jork jest WIELKIM MIASTEM” but this is next level as noun declension kicks in
So the "i" at "wielkie" is there only to soften the "k" otherwise it would be "wielke" and it would sound oddly. In old polish it was the other way and with time it got changed. So the short answer to the question why is it "ie" not "e" (and many similar) is "because language evolves".
Trzymam kciuki 🙂
You are doing great bro, keep up the good work and maybe one day you will be able to say "Grzegorz Brzęczyszczykiewicz"
Nowy Jork jest pięknym miastem.
Wiktoria jest miłą osobą.
Good job
She was talking about "Nowy Jork to jest duże miasto" and I'm sitting right here with 'oh no, you won't teach THIS".
She started "Polish people usually don't speak like that" and I'm so happy cause she would teach about cases, right? RIGHT?!
For people who doesn't know - you can say this sentence in two ways. One way shown by her - Nowy Jork to duże miasto.
But also - Nowy Jork jest dużym miastem.
Polish is funny and flexible like that, we're dropping parts of a sentence on a whim
You can say as well: "Nowy Jork jest wielkim miastem"
Za trudne na początek.
There is a big group of masculine nouns with -a ending, the rule to recognise them is very simple if noun describe a man it's masculine. Artysta (masculine) - man artist, artystka (feminine) - woman artist, tata (masculine) - dad/father.
For feminine nouns not only -a can be an ending. Every noun with -ść ending is feminine (I can't find any exceptions).
But there is group of endings which can have both, masculine and feminine nouns: -ć(without ś), -dź, -ś, -ź, -ń, -śń, -źń, -(i)ew, -c, -l, -cz, -dż, -sz, -ż, -szcz (I'm not sure if -śń, -źń masculine nouns exist). It might be not big group (I can find 114 nouns) but there are commonly used months' name with -ń and also rarely used.
Neuter nouns can also have -(i)ę ending, for example imię - name, źrebię - young horse