Why does the Periodic Table look like that?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ค. 2017
- The different sections of the periodic table of elements are governed by electron orbitals and quantum spin. Those orbitals, as you'd expect, are the result of a quantum mechanical wave function. Here's a glimpse into how that works.
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VIDEO ANNOTATIONS/CARDS
What Does An Atom REALLY Look Like?
• What Does An Atom REAL...
What EXACTLY is a Bond?
• What EXACTLY is a Bond?
Orders of Magnitude (100th video):
• The Truth about Orders...
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RELATED TH-cam VIDEOS
Crash Course on the Periodic Table:
• The Periodic Table: Cr...
Crash Course on Orbitals:
• Orbitals: Crash Course...
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LINKS TO COMMENTS
Periodic Table - borg972:
• What Does An Atom REAL...
Periodic Table - Blazej Michalik:
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Periodic Table - Hythloday71:
• What Does An Atom REAL...
Equation - Samarth Sai:
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Orbitals - Jade Tan-Holmes:
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Orbitals - Josh Webb:
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I love it when different fields of science begin to converge. The periodic table was predicted by chemistry and verified by physics.
It's just like how Albert Michelson used rotating optical mirrors to predict that the speed of light should be 299,864 ± 51 kilometres per second, and James Clerk Maxwell used various equations of electromagnetism to show that an electromagnetic wave, if they exist, would travel at 298,000 km/s. Quite the coincidence.
It's all connected.
david21686 do you have any more examples of science converging? fascinating!
@@ScienceAsylum If it was not, the Universe would collabse maybe.
@@marin4311 Perhaps the Universe has already collapsed, maybe millions or more times. It's just that the last Big Bang hit the formula for steady existence perfectly and with enough time, here we are living in it.
@@localverse All science converges, exactly how it does that is called the "Theory of Everything" and it's still not known.
Probably one of the most under-rated channels in all of TH-cam. Don't ever stop...
I don't plan on it.
Well you will have to stop at some point, at the very least the day you die, hopefully that wont be anytime soon ofc ;)
@@GummieI bruh 😑
Looking forward to the Dr Seuss inspired book on quantum mechanics.
....Sorry Dr Seuss is banned by the “woke” communist party USA -otherwise known as the Demorats....on year 2021
The Lucid has spoke I am glad to say.
What spoke the Lucid upon this day.
He spoke the periodic table to day.
“One shift, two shift; red shift, blue shift!” ^.^
Hey thanks for the mention! Also really liked the explanation about energy and orbitals. I was wondering about that and why the shells seem out of order.
You're welcome. You're building a good channel. Stick with it.
Up and Atom its not proven
One major physics channel by now...
Very nicely done! Not so simplistic as to leave anyone wondering how the basics work; yet not so complicated that it makes everyone's head spin (intrinsically or not!).
It makes clear that, in this area, there are always more layers of complexity, and this could serve as a jumping-off point to the next layer...
I hope the author of that one comment you showed, claiming that all this is just made up as we go along, can now appreciate that, yes, there *are* actual rules of physics that can predict all the chemical properties, but that the calculations necessary to carry that out, are mind-bogglingly compicated!
BTW, I see that the up/down-vote ratio is 1726/17 > 100. Way to go!!
Fred
this fella can explain everything holly shit i was impressed before but now im stunned :O
I curled up into ball in the corner. I have no idea what spin I have.
I love it that Mendeleev figured out the table and because QM didn't exist every said "great work, but why?" Now we know :)
It's pretty impressive!
And Mendeleev actually predicted elements that were not yet discovered. He was a true genius but is not recognized by the general public.
Haha! Thanks for the bad chemistry joke! I know all the good ones Argon!
a MUSEd i know, right? we try making good compound jokes but we just end up saying "NaH"
Omg....why do they teach the old bc in schools? What they taught us in chemistry class is absolutely wrong! I mean...they way they've explained how to comprehend the energy levels and most definitely the orbitals! Nothing about the letter grouping, nothing about orbital overlapping, nothing about quantum spin and max of 2 (even though I do remember the teacher saying electrons don't really _spin_ , but just forget about it right now...) They need to change the school programmes! Yeah, it will blow some brains out, but it is even more difficult to "unlearn" something... I think they need to start teaching the atom model by teaching quantum states and particle properties first, instead of going from the classical model and breaking it down into nucleus and then quarks... and most certainly everybody need to stop saying "everything is made of atoms"!
Simon Inkin Omg... All what was required from us was to memorize the table, elements, atomic weights and valence numbers. Still trying to understand what the blessed table means... This video is still way beyond my league. :-)
@@MariaMartinez-researcher knowledge that I hope they don't try to teach kids and teenagers these days, because with a smartphone in almost every pants It became a useless knowledge do held on to.
That “Green Eggs and Ham”-inspired quote was epic. My hat, if I wore one, would be tipped to you.
The idea of round periodic table is brilliant, never thought about that :)
OH MY GOD YOU ARE JUST A DREAM CHANNEL I WISH EVERYONE WILL SEE THIS CHANNEL PLEASE DONT STOP MAKING VIDEOS. I just find this channel I hope everyone finds you too
Amazing channel. I must thank you, so very much, for producing content that allows me to grasp, albeit cursory, the complex and amazing.
Recently found your channel... I’m addicted. Love these videos.
My favourite part: No, Electron doesn't do anything like that.xD
3:50
My first visit to your channel. Simply wow!
Amazing content Nick! Keep it up :D
this channel is a real gem!
Regarding the question posed at the end of the video for the best way to represent the understanding visually: What about trying for a 3-D model? As noted in this great video from Science Asylum, the shell numbers and the orbital types are basically numeric and so could form 2 increasing axes (shell no.s 1, 2, 3, 4 etc; orb types: s (a), p (b), d (c), f (e), g (f), etc): it is the groupings that are awkward.
Using the a, b, c letters for visual simplicity, the groupings look like this:
1
2a, 2b
3a, 3b
4a, 3c, 4b
5a, 4c, 5b
6a, 4d,5c,6b
7a,5d,6c, 7b
8a, 5e, 6d, 8b
...
What about if we use some variation of a family tree? So here is my lunatic idea:
1 - Child
2a, 2b - Parent M/F
3a, 3b - GrandParents M/F
4a, 3c, 4b - Child + Parents
5a, 4c, 5b - Child + Grandparents
Child
Parent Male (M), Parent Female (F)
Grandparent as Parent (M), Grandparent as Parent (F)
Gt-Grandparent as Parent (M), Parent as Child, Gt-GrandParent as Parent (F)
Gt-Gt GP as Parent (M), GrandParent as Child, Gt-Gt GP as Parent (F)
GGG-GP as GrandParent (M), Gt-GP as Parent (M), Gt-GrandParent (M) as Child, GGG-GP as Gt-GrandParent (F)
4G-GP as GrandParent (M), GG-GP as Parent (M) , Gt-GrandParent (F) as Child, 4G-GP as GrandParent (F)
5G-GP as Gt-GrandParent (M), GGG-GP as GrandParent (M) , GG-GP as Parent (F), 4G-GP as Gt-GrandParent (F)
What I like about this mad logic is that it does model the categories as:
1 Generation
1 - Child
1 of 2 Generations
2a, 2b - Parent M/F
3a, 3b - Grandparents M/F
2 of 3 Generations
4a, 3c, 4b - Child + Parents (M/F)
5a, 4c, 5b - Child + Grandparents (M/F)
3 of 4 Generations
6a, 4d,5c,6b - Parent/Child + Grandparents (M/F)
7a,5d,6c, 7b - Parent/Child + Grandparents (M/F)
8a, 5e, 6d, 8b - Grandparent/Parent + Great Grandparents (M/F)
That is, if I have got my own naming consistent? 😜😀
I made a circular periodic table in Adobe illustrator that has each atom on the energy level ring in which the new electron rests (distinctly from the prior)
Another killer vid man. I know it's been explained away and it's old news, but I always wonder about the rigidity of quantum states in the midst of such uncertainty. I also wonder how the topology of the quantum world leads to processes in our world, such as emergence and self organisation.
3:55 that lyric was epic 😁
Heyy , TheScienceAsylum you deserve much more subs, How did i not know about you before today 😆😎. You're AMAZING , i wanna chat with you somehow
Hey! I was mentioned! I'm slightly more famous than the mailman. Thanks for the response, sir.
You're welcome :-)
I will have to watch this video again and again, thanks!
"Hey crazies, ready for some more quantum vidoes....?! Yeah...me neither" Best science video intro ever! :P
thi channel needs to grow,
and i hope it does exponentially. =)
I always wondered if "spin" is just the fact that waves could co-exist because when one wave is a crest the other is a trough and vice-versa. This also works well with Hund's rule, electrons always enter an empty orbital before they pair up.
Who else knew most, if not all of this, but still liked the video because the Science Asylum made it?
Keep them coming. I love QM.
Hey dude... your videos are amazing so dont stop making them at all!
Mabye make videos that are longer and more in depth possibly making it even more technical? Perhaps make a 3-4min video touching the surface and another much longer video explaining it all in depth. (Only on the videos that require a lot of it like relativity etc) Just a suggestion, i want to see this channel grow
I would make longer videos if I had time (or employees to help).
The Science Asylum Thank you for replying. What about if you rested a bit on getting out so many videos and concentrated on a series instead? So you make small episodes of 'Einstein's General Relativity' (as an example) like you did with explaining the general quantum physics?
Hi Nick, I haven't been around in a while. I'm lost .. I need to watch a lot more of your videos.
Catch-up time!
Always with something to add to our knowledge.
I love your videos!
Every element should have a classical alchemical symbol assigned to it (many of them classically do; antimony, tin, sulfur, etc.), and the whole thing should be arranged in a Fullmetal Alchemist-style geometric array, where each element's position let's you calculate it's atomic number and keeps rows and groups together. So, basically the circular arrangement you showed, but more badass-looking.🤘 The periodic chart that's useful for organic chemistry and creating homunculi. 👌 Or clones! :D
Thinking outside the box I see...
6 months trying to understand that in school, 7 minutos to understand it completly with this video!
please do a video on the spin of the fermions and bosons . and also explain their spins that why fermion have 1/2,3/2... spin and bosons have 0,1, 2.
Very useful video, thank you :)
Oh I remember this periodic table from school and it was so boooooring. Why was it not told like this..
School tends t make all the good stuff boring for some reason (obligation is always much worse than scientific entertainment/passion).
Thankyou it is very helpful
very good explanation :)
I like your clock very much the equation tells the number that's amazing
It was a gift from my brother.
Can you do a video more on spin and what different spins mean for different particles, even if there is little to no recordable information on said spin numbers?
Yes, please; do this; it's a question I have held for years now
This video kinda helped, but spin still seems so mysterious
Agree. A video on spin would definitely help. This spin thing is quite confusing indeed.
Other than knowing it's angular momentum, there really isn't anything else we can say about it. Quantum is a very mysterious thing. I will be getting into specifics about spin with specific particles soon though :-)
Thank you! We'll be waiting :D
Quantum mechanics can be a real bitch and require an abstract way of describing things.You need some patience to try to understand some concepts😳 . i can recommend a great video by Prof. Leonard Susskind about the spin of an electron.
th-cam.com/video/VtBRKw1Ab7E/w-d-xo.html&list=PL-Iy7aIrWvUT9bK5F5JpWtGGHgkxD-asD&index=3
I love this dude!
A four year degree in chemistry, a graduate degree, teaching chemistry... and today I learned that the N also gives the number of types of orbitals in the shell.
I think the periodic table should be presented in something that would be shaped like a 4 dimensional rhombus that was elongated like it was in the accretion disk of a black hole. This would be much better than the rectangle, and more understandable.
Haha, very convenient for an astronaut falling into the BH
3:03
That got me . "i was like "wait thats my name lol"
😂
I just found your channel and I really like it. Especially the way you point out to things that seem kind of contradicting. ("Electrons don't obey the rules we are used to.") People that understand what you're talking about appreciate that.
Please correct me if I am wrong but you didn't entirely answer the unclarity of borg972, did you? It is also unclear to me. Sometimes I read things like "those elements like to do that!" and I am always kind of scratching my head how one could conclude that. Maybe I can specify the question of borg972 a little bit:
Statements like the one above ("those elements like to do that!"), are they concluded from empirical observations or from heavy numerical efforts including things like self consistent Hartree-Fock-method and then calculating transition probabilities?
Could you do a video on emergence or self organisation?
I'm hoping to get around to this eventually.
They don´t orbit but have angular momentum so what is angular momentum?
Great question! I've been meaning to do a video on it, but I need to get access to a pool table I can film.
I think he is rather telling you, so you don't loose top level visitors from your well elaborated topics as well.
I now want a periodic wheel of elements so bad . . .
you still do?
I like your version of the periodic table, so could you provide a link to a downloadable higher resolution image of it? I haven't been able to find it on my own, so thanks.
Your videos really are crazy excellent!
There is an HD wallpaper available only to Patreon patrons of a certain pledge level.
Thanks, but what's the required level?
Wasn’t there a spiraling table long ago that also predicted then still unknown elements (and particles)?
Watching this video I remember that we learned some of these things in chemistry, some in physics, some in biology and also math. But it seems someone forgot to tell me to merge this knowledge together. Thanks for video. I need to watch it few times so it would stick to my poor brain
You're very welcome 😊
This should go in the magazine section.
I wanna know how come different elements have different properties when all that they are is just protonts and electrons? What's so special about positive charges and negative charges ? Or is there more than just that?
lovely video :)
How determine an elements properties to confirm in which row of the periodic table it belongs to?
Gee, that chart at 6:20 says 100 times more to me than the periodic "table" which is some kind of crazy all by itself.
Please do a video on how the "shape" of the orbitals change, and how double bonds are usually associated with s and p orbitals. And discuss why d and f, and g (but we haven't seen that one yet, so maybe don't do g), don't react that much with bonding, eh but d has some involvement with reactive heavy atoms, but not as much as s and p which are usually 100% necessary with bonding, I know it may have to do with the heavier the atom, the more metallic and electron-givy they get, and bonds happen with non-metallic and sorta metallic elements.
Edit: When I say "bond" I mean non-ionic bonds, since those are more an electromagnetic between two differently charged atoms, I'm talking about where the electrons get shares more equally and there is crazy orbital mixing or covailent-like bonds.
Orbitals s and p tend to have the higher energy, so they contribute the most to bonding. Orbitals d, f, and g get kind of buried (especially f and g). That's why elements in the "f-block" don't get their own group number. They all tend to share chemical properties because the f-orbital doesn't do much.
The Science Asylum, Oh ok, Interesting... Poor f and g, at least d gets some action with halogens and "semi-halogens (sorta like an oxygen or nitrogen equivalent)" after the transition metals. Still feel bad for f and g, heck g isn't on the table yet and can only exist for fractions of a second, :(, Thanks for the reply, jeez, atoms are wierd...
once again great vid - did you go to Harrison high school? cant help but to guess based on 2:14 ?
PS: I want more vids added to the quantum mechanics playlist :)
Perhaps a quantum biology vid? So many questions on QM so whatever you know how to explain with great analogies and killer animations lighted up by humor; I'll be sure to watch
I did not go to Harrison high school, but where I went high school the roads aren't on a grid like that.
P.S. There are a few more QM vids coming this summer.
@@ScienceAsylum of course has a scientific approach haha thanks
What physicist/scientist/chemist would you most like to meet? I think I would pick Feynman, even over Einstein.
Maxwell
Nikola Tesla
Planck.
Albert Einstein.
myantispambox Michael Faraday
can you recommend me a good quantum mechanics book? i finished physics graduation a few years ago and need practice!
great video!
It's hard to find a good quantum book. My undergraduate quantum textbook was by David Griffiths, which is good because it's in SI units (not common for quantum books for some reason). Resnick and Eisberg did a great one, but I think it's out of print.
Can't stop thinking about all the flat wrong shit we were taught in high school. (and, sadly, college)
I thought the Periodic table was able an elements chemical properties which seems like the "shape" of the electron shells would be important since those determine bonds and bonds aren't they like pretty much what causes chemical reactions?
You asked what shape should the periodic table be? That's a great question -- Could it be in a pyramid (maybe it doesn't have to be 2D)? I don't know... that's an interesting question, I don't have a physics or chemistry background, but I love these videos as they breakdown the knowledge for folks like us -- thanks so much, keep 'em coming!
3D would show more info, but it would be hard to show in a textbook.
I can understand the accessibility aspects of it fitting in a textbook, but that seems limiting... the textbook could be augmented by online content... besides, how cool would it be in VR? Again you give an interesting tease that there would be more information shown. What might it look like? What would be shown in the 3rd dimension that would offer new insights perhaps the structure of nature itself that a 2-D table cannot?? BTW: I googled 3-D periodic table and there are people out there making them including a McGraw-Hill Textbook. Somehow though, I think there's some organizational structure that hasn't be done yet that would really be amazing.
you are really the best .
“just like anything real, it's complex". Mathematician: What the f**k?
amazing explanatioon.which is your latest video
This is the most recent: th-cam.com/video/sufAlWP4Ak8/w-d-xo.html
...but I have another one going up today.
Can you make a video on what would happen if we arrange the elements of periodic table for real .......like cube of hydrogen over cube of lithium and so on for every group
If you make it 3D, you're basically making a model of the atom _itself._
Nice Dr suess reference
how about coil periodic table of elements?
Why fermions are "prohibited" to have the same properties?
I thought they just "become" the same particle but with "bigger" wave function because of their fuzzy wavie nature.
Could you elaborate on this?
Thanks!
I organized the thing by number and by the most amount of elements in the color/category
I have yet to do it alphabetically
What are the wave functions of all the other elements?
Great video! But I still have one important and itchy question.
Why do atoms seem to be the most stable with filled p-orbitals?!? Isn't that the main driving force in chemistry and the formation of molecules?
When you fill up a row on the periodic table, there are no spots left for electrons, which means it can't react.
All this time I thought electrons orbited and span like planets... I can't believe my physics teacher lied to me
Not lied, he's just not enlightened. Tell him to watch Science Asylum for some up-to-date information. Then he will know as much as you do.
willcant quickscope Many teachers resort to lies when they should say "it's more complicated than this but for now, pretend what I'm saying is true."
but what if they're telling the truth and every physicist are lying?
JiaMing Lim Please tell me you are joking.
willcant quickscope To understand better why electrons cannot orbit just "like a planet", think of this. If they where then their motion would be accelerated (since they change orientation along the "circular flight path"). But accelerating particles emit radiation, so they would lose energy, so they would finally collapse in the nucleus. So yes they lied, but just because it would become too complicated to explain the real situation. In highschool you do not have either the mathematical or the physics background required to understand quantum mechanics. Even the scientists that invented it had very hard time understanding it. Schrodinger, the guy that discovered the wavefunction did NOT understand what that represented. It took another physicist to explain him what was that he discovered.
periodic table could maybe be in the shape of a platonic Planck Leangth, represented in a Euclidean Space paradigm.
Glenn seaborg is responsible for discovering so many new elements late 1940s that a new row became necessary but Mendeleev discovered the periodic table of elements in his dream 1869.
It looks like whatever I read In our high schools textbooks , they are nothing in front of this
I 'm still not clear about those Energy states .
Why are they present there ?
What if they weren't present there??
And why atom has to bee to this way ,Only??
What is Spin???
If anyone can please explain me
These questions, I'ill be glad😁😁.
Is the Pauli exclusion principle the reason most atoms "want" 8 valance electrons?
In a way, yes, but that specific number is the result of several things together. First, the shells contain orbitals: s (1) + p (3) = 4. The Pauli exclusion principle says that identical electrons can't occupy the same state. Aside from orbital states, there are also 2 spin states... 4 orbitals x 2 spins = 8 electrons per shell.
Usually I see the f-block separated from the rest unlike the depiction of the periodic table in this video.
It's usually separated because it fits better that way on the page of a book or a poster. I like to put it all together because it makes more conceptual sense that way.
Break each topic of this video in a single video would be better!!
Fermi smiles like Jonathan Price. 4:34
Rectangular easier to see.
But circular is easier to understand the concept.
The worst homework someone can get in chemistry or qm is "make a triangular model of the periodic table, from scratch"
My gosh, I only think you gone and done it, thx bro. Orbitals in under 7 minutes, take some internalising for self of course. Oh, yeah, almost forgot, but yes what about the shape, why the shape ? I bet its to do with that Fourier business and waves isn't it ? And another thing. I don't get that whole energy level / orbital number mismatch business, OK fill up least energy first, but how do we know a higher orbital has lower energies sometimes than a lower orbital number ?
We know the energy of each of the orbitals because we see the light the atom emits as the electron(s) move between orbitals (emission spectra like I mentioned in the last video). And yes, the shapes have to do with "that wave business."
Did my Chemistry at high school flat lie to me ? I been looking for electron configurations in the periodic table since your video that showed the patterns we were told about = SHELLS = 2: 2,8: 2,8,8: 2,8,8,16 ... This doesn't quite fit the shell / orbital model. In periodic tables they give us: 2s: 3s2p: 4s3p: 5s4p3d: 6s4p3d etc .In physics they were happy to lie about light being a wave.
Dos cosas
Muy buenos videos, muy entretenidos
Para cuando los subtítulos en español?
I can't translate into Spanish myself, but viewers can translate my captions if they generously donate their time. Many viewers have done this on my videos over the last year.
How did people way way way back when, before modern technology, know about atoms, molecules, electrons... etc and how they are structured??
Do particles actually exist? How do we determine the position of a particle from measurement?
*"Do particles actually exist?"*
We don't know.
*"How do we determine the position of a particle from measurement?"*
We do this through some kind of particle interaction. Usually, we use photons to localize other particles.
I'm ... going ... to comment ... periodically ... too.
Man, that was an awful pun you through in, but it had me laughing!
A friend once told me "When in doubt, embarrass yourself."
@@ScienceAsylum A truly wise one. Or crazy. But you know what they say: it's ok...
The periodic table fits perfectly into the Fibonacci Series Spiral.
1:33 "since two properties of a prticle are definite at the same timre, the can be measured at the same time"
me: " i thought quantum mechanics didnt allow that"
Please explain why light is reflected
I should also point out that the Platonic model, while based more in religion and philosophy than science, was quite elegant and poetic compared to our jumbly-looking periodic table. Just four elements; associated with cardinal directions, seasons, bodily fluids and what-have-you. (There's a fifth one, but we're too mortal and corrupt to ever touch it. Also it's the medium that light travels through.)
Oh Sir it made my head spin
Sir what are rules for science asylum
everybody thinks positive negative electricity is one and the same thing it's not, the difference is they're two different polarities, thank me somebody got it right. It takes a Psychic and My Friend ! Don't forget to push or pull
Please explain how a siphon works no one seems to be able to
How do you manage to make the clones
th-cam.com/video/a9T26ItpcDA/w-d-xo.htmlm34s