QFT: What is the universe really made of? Quantum Field Theory visualized
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ม.ค. 2020
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Many thanks and shout-out to David Tong's lecture on Quantum Fields for inspiring this video. I highly recommend his free lecture series. In my opinion, he and Richard Feynman are two of the best educators in physics.
What is the universe really made of? What is truly fundamental in the reality that we perceive? This video is about QFT: Quantum field theory - simplified.
Everything that you see is thought to be made of up of particles. This is what most people are taught in science class. The only problem is it is not true. And physicists have known this for decades. Particles are really not fundamental. The best theory in physics tells us that there really are no particles at all, only fields. Particles are merely waves in the field.
Fields are fluid-like substances that can be perturbed, vibrate, and experience excitations. What exactly are fields? Mathematically a field something that takes a value at every point in space. They are not really made of anything other than that from a strictly physicist’s point of view. If you have a fireplace in a room, the temperature at every point in that room would have a value. This would be a field of temperature - this is analogous to the quantum fields.
The vacuum of space is alive with these fields. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle means that a quantum field cannot sit still. Instead, They are vibrating and changing their value over time. All you can see is really only the excitations of 4 of the fields - Electromagnetic, electron, up quark, and down quark fields. But there are more. The total number of fields is 17, including the Higgs field. Space-time itself is thought to be a field, but so far has not been able to be incorporated in quantum field theory. It would be the 18th field.
One way to visualize the fields is to Imagine the volume of the universe being filled with about 17 different kinds of differently colored fluids instead of water.
Fields eliminate is the idea of action at a distance. In Newtonian gravity, the sun affects the earth which is 120 million kilometers away without touching it. Even Newton thought this was absurd. Einstein’s theory of general relativity eliminated this idea of action at a distance by replacing space with space-time, which is a field that pervades all of reality. In order for a force to propagate over distances, it has to affect its field locally, then propagate from the local point to the distant point, then affect the field locally at the distant point.
Fields can also explain how particles can be created and destroyed. When a Neutron decays to a Proton, an electron, and an antineutrino, it does this by giving its vibrations or energy away to the quarks fields of the Proton, electron field and antineutrino fields.
When you call someone on your cell phone, you are putting excitations in a field and affecting the electronics within the cell phone of the person you are calling. This is field excitations in practice.
#QFT
#quantumfieldtheory
But quantum mechanics is about discreet things yet fields are continuous. The combining of field theory with quantum mechanics is called quantum field theory or QFT. This means the excitations of fields happen only in chunks of energy. The energy of the wave is determined by the mass of the particle. The mass is just the energy needed to vibrate its field. The field will simply not accept energies below a certain threshold.
This discrete unit of energy that the field can accept is what we call the rest mass energy of particles in a field.
Fields are related to the probability waves of quantum mechanics and the Schrodinger equation by their shape. The shape of the electric field is the wavefunction of electrons, for example.
The wave function is what really exists. A "particle" is created when you measure the electron wave. This is when the wave function has collapsed into a discrete value. This can be predicted by the Schordinger equation. A particle has a location, but a field is spread out everywhere.
Who discovered fields? Michael Faraday came up with the idea and actually used the word “field” in his notebook in 1845.
Are fields a real thing, or are they just mathematical constructs? Most physicists believe them to be physical reality.
Are these fields fundamental? - only in the sense that it is the limit of our understanding. Fields may be just an approximation of a deeper level of reality. - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Still can’t get my mind completely around this subject. But this is one of the best explanations and visual aids I’ve ever seen.
Nobody can. If they say they can then they don’t really understand it.
It has certainly given me much to ponder.
You're not going to get any meaningful understanding of QFT from TH-cam videos aimed at a popular audience. If you truly want to get to grips with it, you need to master the prerequisite backgrounds (in terms of the mathematics and physics), and then work through a standard introductory QFT textbook. That takes about 3-5 years of work, though.
@@mrgeek434 I'm not a master of anything but I think a person of rather ordinary intelligence can grasp the basics of this if he has a fundamentally sound science foundation. I'm one. This is beyond my deeper comprehension, but I get the gist. There always seems to be useful analogies. Those are sufficient to general understanding, it seems to me.
What if you excite the field with one and a half electron masses? Sure you create one electron. And the energy of the other half? In other words, what if you add energy that is less than 1 quanta of any particle? What happens to that energy?
this guy is a fantastic speaker. doesn't use that default intonation news people use. thanks for the video
And calls a smartphone a cellphone lol.. how smart ;D
“Is the Universe made of fields? News at 11!”
j j What are news people? You mean those talking heads that used to be called “journalists?”
john very true.
Maybe here is a bit of a revolutionary idea about the Electron which shows the nature of Attons th-cam.com/video/1PD3uxHyhuY/w-d-xo.html
Unbelievably well explained. This man is by far the best teacher I have come across.
Finally after a decade of trying to understand the quantum world, this is the first time I'm actually able to understand the explanation..
Really amazing work Arvin! Please, please keep it up!
All it took was someone telling you.
Finally! FINALLY someone explains this without using all these auxiliary notions and phrasings that only add to the confusion in most explanations. Thank you SO much!
All of these fields that fill up all space are often referred to as "the waters" in alchemy and occult teachings. The allegories of Isis wondering and wading through the waist deep water in search of her husband is pretty much also the real occult significance of the statue of liberty out in the middle of New York's harbor.
YES! I cannot state my jubilation in words. It was painful to not understand these things and now it's not. This guy and his channel rules!
@@rucjos Ditto.
I agree! Explaining things this well is an absolute gift. Great job!
@@guidedmeditation2396
Which reminds me, was there not something in the Bible about "god's spirit floating above the waters" just before the creation ?
Thank you, 10 years of school in Physics done in 15 minutes :)
Lol
Don't exaggerate!
Something tells me you can use math to make use of this in ways way beyond what I can, having watched the video and not done the decade in higher education on this...
Your explanations are invaluable, I have always been interested in physics and maths, but the textbooks and teaching that I had received in high school put me off it for life. I felt stupid for not grasping calculus, so I gave up.
20 years later I find videos like this and another TH-camr called Eddie woo who explains maths in a similar way. As a result I’ve just gained a university place to study electrical engineering, all this at 44. It’s never too late, thank you mate.
Good for you brother!
This whole discussion gave me existential chills.
Arvin, in my opinion, this is absolutely your best video yet !!! Thank you for this !!!!!
Thanks for watching my friend!
@@ArvinAsh Enjoyable as always but it left me wondering why a field for every particle and not (also) one for every universal constant..?
Is it just me or does anyone else feel that the deeper you dig into the science of reality the more metaphysical and philosophical it all starts to feel - like i just realised that we are all very joined up by these fields to everyone and everthing else - like we are all just constituent parts of a single entity - the universe - not very scientific i know but it makes you think.........
And yet very scientific! This is why Quantum Entanglement works! Because it is actually connected, all the time.
Really the only reason we perceive us as separated is because we are humans with an individuality. Nothing defines objects (or beings) as separate except humans extrapolating their subjective experience onto the external world (there are no "stars" as singular objects for example, only stars as arbitrary subcomponents of totality).
Our self is the greatest mystery.
@@ekszentrik So true. We are SOUL which is created beyond SpaceTime, yet, we experience spacetime thru minds and bodies, in order to grow in our Capacity to Give and Receive Unconditional Love to all beings, and thus expand our DIVINE NATURE. THAT what gives all of this PURPOSE....in my humble view...
Far Voice well I very much disagree. We are simply existing, and consciousness is NOT special or different from the rest of reality. It is merely the way our brains function and act
VIBaJ 16 I understand where you are coming from, but I hope you realize that there is no more evidence to support your theory than the one you disagree with. We will just have to wait and see......
Phenomenal video - probably my favorite! A great balance between asking fundamental questions and sharing the best known answers we have to date. I’m in awe of your ability to make the most complex things simple. Brilliant!
I love that ending, “when we know enough to ask the right questions” really make you think.
probably the best explanation of this subject I ever got.
Masterful. I can't tell you how many things I've watched that gloss over quantum fields. I've never understood the concept of quantum fields until now. Well done, and thank you for this and your other videos.
It's the animation that helps a lot with the explanations.
What I fail to understand is how is there so much order in the human scale when everything is so tenuous at the quantum scale. We don't see things jump in and go out of existence in real life randomly. There is a definite continuity that doesn't square with the randomness at the quantum level. Maybe we'll have to wait for the Theory of Everything to explain that.
@Daniel Paulson or maybe we haven't really cracked quantum physics. It is likely we are just curve-fitting our math.
@Johnny AppleStead Normally if I dont agree with a comment I try to be respectful...but you dont deserve a respectful respose. You are an idiot and flat earthers are dumbing down the population by abusing peoples religious beliefs. Its good to question EVERYTHING. But believing the Earth is flat means that your ignoring all the information that doesnt agree with what you WANT to beleive. You need to stay off of channels dealing with ACTUAL science and stick to vids of people in hot air balloons and flying drones really high asking "wheres da curve"? 😂😂😂
@Johnny AppleStead wow...you have managed to misundertand the point of every single thing you posted....just...wow
This guy is a great teacher without confusing us with the math like others might enjoy doing to only make me look like a dummy.
Thanks to Arvin. I am embarrassed to say that things that I should have known are becoming clearer after watching these videos. These are some of the best videos - and I parse through every word Arvin has to say. Thanks, Arvin.
This has gone ahead and blown me right out of my own field.. Arvin sir! Thank you for this! It's beginning to all make sense now..
Agbor Ekara until it doesn't.
@@ditchweed2275 😛
@@n1k32h how'd you know?? 🤔🤔🤔
@Johnny AppleStead - Yes! You got it! "teach" is "CHEAT" spelled backwards!
@@brucelarsen6650 It's actually 'hcaet' unless you rearrange the letters; but yeah, I guess phonically, the sound reversed is 'cheat'. Not the spelling, tho 😂
As a lay person, this is the best short explanation of this stuff I have seen. Really made things clearer, thank you!
This channel is the Holy Grail of physic. This man is extremely good at explaining particle physics. I've studied physics for years now and this is the most accurate well said video I've ever watched! 👍
Hey Arvin. I think it would be awesome with a series that explains what experiments these scientists performed to reach the conclusions that they did (like, how was the electron discovered etc). Love your channel! Thanks.
Suddenly, a wild shredder appears! 🔥🔥🔥
@@TonyJDas They're everywhere these days. #ungovernable
I believe your documentary, with explanations and sophisticated visualisations, is the first - even before the big players (BBC, NatGeo, Discovery). Well done, Sir!
agreed
You can try PBS space time, that channel is also a big one and explores this in lots of videos
@@just_one23 Thank you for the tip!
We have millions of proofs to confirm flat earth theory is ridiculous and absolutely wrong.
the most amazing and ridiculous thing in our planet earth is that some people still believe in flat earth and Sun is few thousands miles away. Flat earther will never be Convinced due to a genetic problem
These videos are like Gold! Seriously the best science content on YT. 👍
Let's get Arvin to 1M Subs in 2020 People!
I'll drink to that!
Wait WHAT?!? How are there so few subs???? SUBBED!
Yeah man he desrves it. I hope he will get to 1M
Hell yeah!! 110% agree. This channel is amazing
Yes! The best science content on TH-cam!
Best physics teacher I’ve ever come across. The talent of how he’s able to explain things so simply is nothing short of astounding
My eyes has got filled with tears after listening that Particles do not exist but waves of field's exist. When I discussed these things with my friends few years ago, they teased me and made jokes about my understanding😉
Ha...you knew something they didn't!
I have never understood QFT until you explained it. This is true for all your videos. I am a chemical engineer and have limited theoretical physics knowledge which is the result of fascination and enthusiasim of Physics. Thank you Arvin! for all you have taught me.
You described this so elegantly it actually touched me
Wow. Amazing explanation. I've searched for this for days, and this video absolutely enlightens me. Thank you very much!
Wao! I'm always left in awe each time I watch your videos. And you once answered a question of mine so humbly yet smartly that I felt like an actual physicist. Thank you so much.
I am from Germany and I don't even (completely) understand the german videos about qft but this one is just great! Thank you very much for creating and uploading such amazing content.
"But before we talk about the fundamental nature of the universe, I want to take a moment to tell you about the sponsor of today's video."
That's got to be the most TH-cam line I've ever heard! lol
esp. if he were sponsored by a bespoke Manscaping product.
I don't mind a little ad if it allows him to make these great videos
Buddy noone minds Little ad so he can make more videos but it shouldn't be this way that's what he is saying. We are living in a money centric world and this is a perfect example of it. It should have rather been a knowledge centric world.
Explained exceptionally well, this is by far the best video on this subject. First time I really understood and can somehow, for myself, visualise how fields could actually look like.
Sir u are amazing at explaining tough concepts, in a extremely simpler manner, loved the content on the channel 🙏🙏🙏
Hands down the best explained video I have ever watched in physics. Thank you for making this
Same here, it very good.
“If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration.”
― Nikola Tesla
No surprise, since QFT was developed prior to Tesla's death.
And the Wikipedia page on Nicola Tesla says that he never believed in electrons until his passing away. It surprised the hell out of me that this brilliant man who had advanced the knowledge of electricity to such levels had this mindset. He also had the habit of picking on the theoretical phycisists of his time including the great Albert Einstein.
@@tdhanasekaran3536 fuck Tesla . Tired of hearing about this overrated person.
And fuck Elon Musk too 🙄
We must protect the future for white children - Angela Merkel
@@TheGreatAlan75 Alan, Alan fucking in anger is not a Darwinian success vector.
Just discovered these videos. Excellent. I'm filling in, late in life, things that were current while I did a physics degree (in the 60's) and failed. If Arvin Ash's videos had been around I might have made more sense of the maths.
Probably the best and more easy to understand video about particle and fields I have ever seen, congratulations !
This must be the clearest explanation of QFs I've ever seen. Thank you! You also made me realise that, for some unknown reason, I was carrying a false memory around with me: that electrons were made of two quarks. I've no idea where I got that from! Probably confusing them with mesons, I think.
This might be my fav physics video on YT.
The best quick description of QFT I've ever heard, and I've heard a lot. Left out the part about a good chunk of physicists not buying it - yet.
Best QFT explanation video yet
Probably the best and easier to understand Physics channel on youtube
Thank you, Arvin. This is the most beautiful video I've seen on TH-cam.
Arvin, I really got to say. I watch some pretty good quantum/cosmology/physics channels and I really like the way you explain things! This is just the video I'm commenting on but several of your videos have also given me context to some tough concepts that I've already been exploring. Thank you so much!
You really give the best explanations out there! I've learned so much from you, and I only found you this month!
How about an explanation of absolute Truth rather than scientific theory. For, Truth is much simpler.
What the Universe is REALLY made of is so simple that it can be stated in TWO WORDS. And if you were to accept that simple truth, then what would you do? You couldn't make endless speculative videos or magazines about IT, because there is no longer any need for speculation. Science can't make money off of IT, because IT is free and within grasp of even the simplest of men. You wouldn't build multi-billion dollar particle accelerators, because IT cannot be divided. You can't make a bomb out of IT, so governments would have no motivation to admit the truth. You couldn't make a living off of IT by writing books, because the book that explains everything has already been written. And that book is tiny, and it is free: "The Book of God" at A Course in Truth website.
For, "GOD" is simply Reality; "GOD" is the Mind that is ALL. And the Universe is made of the only thing that truly exists: GOD'S THOUGHT. GOD's prophet has spoken.
oh yeah, this is like what i asked you for Arvin Ash - Zero point energy! I'm obsessed by it
I absolutely love this channel! Keep up the good work Arvin!
GREATEST VIDEO OF ALL TIME! I AM ABSOLUTELY MIND-BLOWN! I have always wanted to see something like this, and now I have. You have opened my mind to the possibility of AMAZING things. AND everyone knows it to be true. I now know the meaning of life. I now know everything. I now have purpose. And it's all thanks to you.
This was spectacularly well explained. Thanks for expanding my understanding of the universe!
Idk how the hell I got here but I can’t believe I watched the entire thing without understanding a word he said but understanding what he meant
@Armenias Thunk
However, there is no period at the end of the sentence.
@@dr.jamesolack8504 read that again
@@akshitmannan8718
I’m not seeing it. What did I miss? Don’t worry, I won’t melt.
Wow thanks arvin. I'll definitely have to watch this many times over to still be confused lol
Ding! :)
Its completely fine. We humans are not designed to understand this universe. We are just like a germ living in body of the blue fish in a large aquarium. We will never understand what is water ( space ) and other fields unless we can see the aquarium ( universe) from outside like a human ( higher intelligence ). From human point of view.. its a fish tank contains of water as medium with fishes and other objects but from germs point of view.. we are just floating mysteriously in a field which we cant see ( dark matter )
The most clarifying explanation I've seen on the subject!
One of the best explanations I've ever gotten. Thanks you! Awesome vid. Cheers!
The more we know the less we actually do. Amazing video, very insightful, gives a deeper view of the cosmos in its entirety.
there's a game that matter and energy play, that makes you go in circles. Just like Logic and emotions.
Pretty sure that this has become my favorite TH-cam channel! Mind-blowing content that is also scientifically accurate (as far as I can tell)!
Who needs woo when you’ve got reality illuminated by science?!!
Keep ‘em coming, Mr. Ash!
(BTW, what’s your background? You seem to really know what you’re talking about.)
I got a lot out of this video. I haven't found other videos that explain this quite so thoroughly and clearly.
I'm sure this is one of the best explanation I've ever heard. Brillant! Congrats!!!!!
“Thumbs up” before I even watched it and now, after viewing, I wish I could “love” it; great job, as always! Ah, I just love this - it’s all *so* fascinating to think about!
Thank you for helping me build some critical intuition for when I begin my formal studies in quantum mechanics.
probably the BEST explanation I've ever heard. I (almost, I think) understand! Thankyou Sir!
This video definitely helped put certain things into perspective for me, thank you.
Wow. This is mind breaking. Thanks Arvin Ash. Life keeps becoming more interesting every day. KEEP CALM and keep investigating. Yeah!!
Outstanding explanation. I can't wait to see more
I have watched this video four times, each time a little more sinks in. Wonderful stuff - thank you very much !
My mind just disintegrated amongst this field of exquisite instruction. Thank you :)
This was a perfectly simple and visual way to explain a very complicated and confusing topic. Really loving your vids more and more every time
The most informative videos and comment section on TH-cam IMO.
I thought my mind was blown until I heard Mr. Ash quote Donald Rumsfeld. Double blown
One of the best science educator in TH-cam.
Arvin Ash, your great video kicks me to pursue my PhD in QFT. I wish, all college professors would be able to explain tough subject in a simple and comprehensible way as you do. Hat's off.
Great! Go for it - you can do it my friend!
@Willy H. R.
I’m just curious.....did you ever get after that PhD? Arvin certainly has a way with words. One of the best, in my book!!
And a big 👍 for you, Willy. Take care.....and be safe, my friend.
Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman said that if he couldn't explain an advanced physics theory to his first year students, he had to admit that he really didn't understand it himself. He also famously said, "I think I can safely say that no one understands quantum mechanics." THAT is wisdom. And here's the simple understanding that the wisest of physicists, like Max Planck, have come to (see his 1944 Florence Italy lecture "On the Nature of Matter):
What the Universe is REALLY made of is so simple that it can be stated in TWO WORDS. But if you were to accept that simple truth, then what would you do? You couldn't make endless speculative videos or magazines about IT, because there is no longer any need for speculation. Science can't make money off of IT, because IT is free and within grasp of even the simplest of men. You wouldn't build multi-billion dollar particle accelerators, because IT cannot be divided. You can't make a bomb out of IT, so governments would have no motivation to admit the truth. You couldn't make a living off of IT by writing books, because the book that explains everything has already been written. And that book is tiny, and it is free: "The Book of God" at A Course in Truth website.
For, "GOD" is simply Reality; "GOD" is the Mind that is ALL. And the Universe is made of the only thing that truly exists: GOD'S THOUGHT. GOD's prophet has spoken.
Nice one, i didnt grasp anything the first time, but it confirmes my understanding of what matter is. Need to watch it a couple times over tho.
Best understandable explanatation so far! Visualisation helps so much!
You explain better and more thoroughly than anyone else I’ve seen
I'm glad i found this channel. Best thing that happened to me. ❤️
Dude.....your delivery is awesome!
So, this explain may how all the matter of the universe could have existed in one dimensionless singularity.
Similarly, perhaps the proposition of singularities at the center of black holes is the result of the 'unravelling' of particles back to their field components.
At any rate, a spectacular presentation. succinct and understandable.
It's not too hard to imagine that a field of energy without high or low enough excitations to form quarks/matter could be compressed to a zero-sum singularity. Fields can be compressed, so "empty" fields can be compressed to a point, no? Maybe a good question would be what could've done the compressing of fields and why is the universe now expanding infinitely instead of being compressed from outside. It's almost as if someone pushed play on a universe simulation... :]
Relating to above... Can gravity have any effect if the other fields don't have any matter, even quarks? In other words, could gravity have held the singularity universe together before big bang, or did gravity only start to have an effect after first matter formed?
This is probably not the best place to ask these, but maybe someone knowledgeable will answer these, or can correct me if they are nonsensical ideas.
Pyry Parkkola he has another video on what gives atoms weight, most enlightening!
No background noise, i love it!!!
Absolutely fascinating. Wish I was back in university. Thank you for brightening my day and expanding my knowledge.
This video is just AMAZING. I love this channel
Thanks for a great class on QFT. Your videos are awesome and I appreciate them very much.
Thanks for watching. Much appreciated.
Great explanation,! Arvin Ash explains these concepts incredibly well and the images help you visualize what he is saying
Wow...that was explained wonderfully. The visual aids are phenomenal. It is becoming difficult to understand what is real and what is not; when we can measure something's effects without a full understanding of what it is we're measuring. Mentioning these fields are real, helped.
It's really great video. ..best part is...easy to understand
You really have a gift at this. National Geographic should offer you a deal with a TV show or MagellanTV
Such a great video…… thanks Arvin for your hard work!
Fascinating video. Arvin you're awesome.
Great video. Love science so thought provoking. I try to learn something everyday. It's a challenge but it's very rewarding.
Good for you! More people should be more curious like you.
I need more time to grasp the lesson. Thank you. I learn something new everyday in my old age .l find interesting this subject .amazing..spoken language is excellently clear and audible👍👍🙏🙏
I love your videos. I tried Magellan TV and I was disappointed by the fact they do not show the date of production on each documentary, so there is no way to really know how updated they are. This of course is absolutely critical for science documentaries.
I enjoy the way you concluded this fantastic video... i will be sharing the link arvin . Great job.
Thanks Rock. Yes, feel free to share.
Excellent content, as always! Many thanks for your great efforts.
Great video! I learned so much in this video than some others👍🏼
This is amazing, it makes so much more sense now.
This was some mind boggling stuff.I never thought that we could think of particles as field,bringing us closer to the fundamental nature of reality.
LoL
This video is one of the best in your channel
Thank you for more information
I love this video and explanation. Great show man
Thanks Arvin for another great video. The wonderful graphics made understanding complex principles very easy. I'm so glad I saw this video, I now have a new way of thinking about the Universe.
" May the force of the fields be with you " 💥💥💥
This is without a doubt the best explanation of QFT I've ever heard 👏👏
Wow.... thank you for this, amazing video!
Another awesome video. Thanks and can't wait for more.
Greetings Arvin Ash!
Two thumbs up!
First rate presentation n material with such great clarity in illustrating subject matter.
This is crazy awesone.
Thanks very much.
kind regards
From Malaysia.
I’m going to watch this over and over ‘till my brain bleeds’ (not to be confused with a hematoma - it’s more metaphorical). Thanks, Arvin!