What is Quantum Spin?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ก.ย. 2017
- Small particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons are often shown to be spinning on an axis like a planet, but this simply cannot be the case. Quantum mechanical spin is actually an intrinsic property like charge, so how does that work?
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*Minor Correction:* The arrow diagrams beginning at 3:46 show several arrows attached to the particle. However, if we measure up and down (along the z-axis) for example, that does _not specifically_ determine the other two direction (x-axis or y-axis) as shown. Those other two axes (x and y) could point in _any_ direction in the plane perpendicular to the measured direction (z). That means there are an infinite number of arrows in the diagram. Imagine all those diagrams spun _really_ fast around the measured axis, such that the arrows blur into a cone shape. That would be a better representation.
The Science Asylum I like the cone analogy. That is what I pictured when you said infinite (infinity, such an impossible thing to imagine). But I can see a cone when the diagram spins “fast fast”.
So for higher spin particles, would it be several cones, and the particle is in a superposition of all of them?
So you're saying that whatever type of spin it is, the arrows are all in quantum superposition. Is that correct?
Can u do a show on the one electron universe
what dose it mean by half spin? and when we have only multiples of half spin why cant we take half spin as fundamental constant?
I seen many other videos on quantum spin so I knew that the electrons don't actually spin. But, this was the first time I've heard the argument that they can't be spinning is because there outer edge would have to be moving faster than the speed of light. Very interesting!
Thanks for saving my time.
Do you know how he did this calculation?
See Feynman's Lectures Volume II, section 28-3 for an explanation for the electron radius if it is a solid sphere. Using this radius, one can find the velocity of the outermost portion of the spherical electron based on the electron electron angular momentum (h-bar / 2).
@@lanevotapka4012 Thanks dear Lane, I was really confused about this, because I found an article with the same question, but the result led to be 99,9998% of speed of light, and I verified the calculations and was nice to me... Let's see Feynman
@@diversidadecientifica5450 I'd be very interested to see that article. I believe that Feynman addresses this question in more detail, but I may need to get back to you on more of his analysis.
I still don't quite understand spin, but at least now I know why it's not ACTUALLY spinning! Thank you, thank you, thank you! This has been driving me crazy! :)
Electricity and magneticism are one force. Electrons can create and be affected by magnetic fields. A magnetic field can be applied to molten iron and it will cause one of the unpaired valence electrons in each atom to align its spin in the direction of the field. When it solidifies, so does the electron configuration, leaving you with a magnet. Without the magnet applied, the molten iron atoms have electrons in a mixture of spin up and spin down. That is to say, each molten iron atom is its own magnet with a north and south end. The macroscopic magnet is comprised of trillions of small atomic magnets aligned in the same direction. When all spins of all atoms in the molten iron are aligned, we get what we know as north and south. So spin is an orientation of the magnetic field. Two magnets that are attracted can be thought of as a pair electrons with opposite spins. The electron pair's magnetic fields make them stick together like glue around the nucleus of an atom.
@@MichelleHell thank you so much. Spin is the orientation of the magnetic field yes yes yes. I thought correctly but couldn’t bring to make it easy like that.
So electrons do spin ?
@@MichelleHell that was an outstanding explanation, thank you!!!
@@muhammadhussain8556 Electrons are attracted and repelled by magnetic fields. In experiments they shoot electrons and watch its arc through the magnetic field. In soccer, an arc is made by putting spin on the ball. In physics, the physical spin isn't real, but an electron arcs like a spinning soccer ball. The electron can arc left or right. If you grew up playing soccer your anology would be spin.
Physically, an electrons shape isn't well defined. It's not a ball, it's a point about which electrical energy eminates. That electrical energy is responsible for its apparent "spin".
Best science videos! Unfortunately most science channels are either fun but very oversimplified/wrong/sensationalised, or are deep and informative but dull and slow. Your vids are both great entertainment AND go deep into topics with detail. That's a great and rare talent you have! I wish more science teachers, broadcasters and communicators were like you, then many of the public might have a much better understanding of and appreciation for science in general.
Thank you for sharing that talent!
RedButtonProductions agreed
This one is also "fun and oversimplified".
For a bit less simplified content we watch Susskind's lectures.
Then I seriously doubt you're "getting" the content all that well, thedeemon: Zip, right over the old noggin. And I'd bet Lenny might well agree, as only someone lacking a fair measure of comprehension would call this channel -- given a fair chance -- "oversimplified". So yeah... that's what creationists, e.g., say about "evolution", as they refer to natural selection in their comprehensive ignorance... perhaps one more comprehensive than your own with respect to physics; but the inference I draw from your pointless and unhelpful objection is that it's *you* still coming up short.
With 4-1/2+ decades of 'avocational' attention to theoretical physics (somewhat off & on, given real world contingencies) and a very strong science education, I can't say I'm at all impressed by either your vague, one dimensional critique, nor the name drop posturing...
Another great job, Nick.
Agreed although I could use a little more detail. I think for every topic should split into two explanations , one simpler and one advanced.
@@frederickj.7136
'Oversimplified' would be a _charitable_ criticism of some of this video.
Came across your Asylum by accident . . . Had a lot of Binge Watching to do ! ! ! Incredible ! ! !
Hope people post this comment on my videos someday.:D
@@quahntasy they will :)
Same
i see why Einstein rejected quantum mechanics initially; it seems that the reality is more strange than the fiction
Video game developers will accept quantum mechanics in no time, all those cheats in codes to increase performances... for the server of the world...
And Minecraft should use quantum mechanics to represent 45 degree angle or curved surface since day one.
He didn't really reject it, he just thought it was incomplete.
@@shrimpflea He did reject some of its conclusions. But was proven wrong.
@@c.s.christopher5801 Like what? Nothing he questioned has been definitively proven.
Subscribed. You're the first person to explain spin in something approaching understandability. (It's okay. If they can make up words like spin I can make up words like understandability. At least my words mean what they say.)
I didn't at all understand this vid, but liked it and now feel better about "spin". Are +/- spin somewhat similar enantiomers in Chemistry - which are "the same" but mirror images of each other?
I can't thank you enough. Despite your channel's lack of growth you still persist on making these very informative videos. I thank you for that.
lack of growth? I remember breaking 10k a while back, last month no one noticed 20k being broken and I just looked, in one month he broke 30k. I would say the shape of that growth curve is starting to be very healthy. Well deserved growth too :)
Seconded
What you said.
However this episode makes my brain hurt...
It will grow. keep patience. Smart people are still alive in this world.
Yes, indeed. If you are not a teacher, you should be.
This is a great video. It really took me a while to really understand what spin is. This is one of the rare videos telling about intrinsic property.
Most often it is described "like it is spinning but it is not really" that really does not help about an insight. Most seem to talk about rotating charges too. Almost nobody seems to mention neutral particles like neutrons. Well done!
Thank you the pace of your speech really keeps the lecture stimulating.
I just discovered your channel and I've been watching all your videos. You have great content and I recommend you to my friends. Thank you!!! Also the community in the comments here is awesome!!!
Isn't it?! The comment section is pretty positive overall.
Recently discovered this channel. Great content! Can't stop watching. Keep it up!
excellent video as always,im so happy to see this channel growing that fast,it totally deserves it
Sakurai's Modern Quantum Mechanics goes through this experiment too, and it's really well done. Wonderful video!
Watching you these days. All videos are quite thoughtful, accurate and precise. That's what I like about it. And also that you have put in more thought and creativity on the conceptual level, and the animations. Great effort. Unlimited love and support.
Yours are the only videos who’s internal commentary is funnier and more clever than anything I could possibly think on my own. Lol great writing.
I am so happy to see your channel grow. Such good video.
that was a really good explanation, esp of the difference between spin-1/2 / spin-1 / spin-3/2 / etc particles, which i've never quite grasped before. thanks!
I love the way Nick takes concepts physicists mention all the time as "already known" and then thoroughly changes my understanding of them. For the better I would say
Thanks man, you are awesome! And a little crazy :D
Johnny Joestar: Write that down *WRITE THAT DOWN*
Chumimi
@Kur Ajing
Buts still funny though
@Kur Ajing C'mon, its just some fun humor. Loosen up.
@Kur Ajing dude...cmon ur such a boomer loose up maybe u will get mad when u read the part about "Jesus"
@Kur Ajing kur ajing just mad because he cant use his fingernails with spin
I've tried to figure out spin a few times and this is easily the best video that's explained it in a brief and simple way. I definitely have a better understanding of spin than before. Also I really wish it wasn't called spin and just called intrinsic angular momentum
Honestly the best science YT channel I have ever been subscribed to. Very factual, humorous and very well edited an executed. Happy to see your sub count begin to expand within the past few days :D this is not a channel TH-cam deserves, it's one it needs :)
Glad to see you're getting way more views than usual. You deserve it for the quality content you've been putting out all these years.
5:27 "And until next time, remember, it's okay to be a little crazy."
That made my head spin.
The clone spinning on himself and you pointing the finger at him whit that expression on the face is super funny!
your video are amazing and your sense of humor as well! (:D)
Amazingly, I only discovered your videos a few days ago, and I have been totally blown away, I don't think I've ever seen complex scientific ideas distilled and expressed so well without dumbing them down in any way. Your channel is brilliant, keep up the good work! Do you plan on doing a video on string theory at some point?
At some point, yes. I have so many topics I want to cover though.
I can well imagine. Still, I look forward to it, and all the rest!
Always nice to see fresh perspectives on spin! Such a strange quantum feature!
Couldn't find a video on spin that was actually understandable. Then I came across this. Well done!
Best explanation of spin. Now I understand it's a simple label on a phenomenon more complex than a spinning ball.
Exactly.
The take-home message is:
_... there is always Quantum weirdness ..._
This is the most important concept in Quantum mechanics
Paul Gross Accurate!
This channel is too good. I binge-watched all your videos, lol.
The getting up and mesuring up part was nicely done. ^^
Keep up the good physics explaining work!
I really enjoyed every part of this video. Subbed
Man I love your presentations. There are alot of thick and abstruse ways to describe Quantum Theory and Astrophysics, but you have a style that makes them fun instead. A giant thank you from those of us who can't get enough of the tiny/giant stuff. TNQ
I have to say, your channel and videos are really well made and informative. A pleasure to watch.
Comprehensible, simple, clear, lucid science videos.I love your work, I hope you grow fast and have a big great channel soon instead of just great one.
I have a physics degree and now I teach physics in a high school. I love your videos. They help me better understand, in a more intuitive way, the concepts that once I used but did not necessarily understand. But I wonder, how much does a person who has not studied physics understand about your videos? Or maybe all of us who follow you are or were physic's students. Anyway, great job.
People who have never studied physics before definitely get a different experience from my videos. They still learn something though, I think (based on the comments I see).
Great video as always , congrats on passing 30k subscribers
Thanks! 30k hit out of nowhere.
After piecing through various science / math videos today, this is my favorite takeaway for the day.
You give a great amount of detail for a lay person. A lot of channels dumb it way down to basically the double split experiment every time. I always learn something a little more specific on your videos. Thanks.
You're welcome. I also find a lot of other videos leave me wanting, which is part of the reason I make these.
WOW Nick, I LOVE your Advanced Physics book!
I paid double the asking price and still feel I got a steal!
It’s clearer and more concise than text books I used in school. You are an excellent writer with command of these subjects. I particularly like the chapters on Vectors and Tensors. I think they would help any math, engineering or physics student, and at your asking price, they are a BARGAIN. THANK YOU for this fantastic work!
Thanks! I self-published so it could be cheap. I wanted lots of people to have access. It took me 6 years to write in my (non-existent) free time. I didn't want some publishing company to charge some outrageous amount or, worse, not publish it at all.
Your channel deserves to be way bigger man. Have you ever done collabs with other youtubers? That seems to be the most effective way to get a boost.
I collabed with Looking Glass Universe back in March. There's a lot of coordination involved, so I don't do it often.
@@ScienceAsylum
Best explanation of "Quantum Spi...", I mean "Intrinsic Angular Momentum" and "Quantum Superposition"(3:32) I've seen yet! Very well done Sir!
1:23 That "Intrinsic/Extrinsic" Table really made the nature of the property click for me!
This is the best explanation of spin I've encountered so far :)
These videos are soooooo good!
Hats off! You have the most underrated channel ever
Your videos do not waste time and are awesome. They are interesting too.
Stuff I couldn't understand you explained in seconds!
you're great!!!
Thanks for the video! I feel like you've "upped" your game with this one, very well made.
Slowly learning Adobe After Effects.
A little disclaimer about the arrow representation in xyz-space: it's not just 4 or any discrete number of direction the spin value could point to but the arrows should be in any possible direction on a circle around the eigenstate axis. This is because, as you even said in the video, the orientation of the measurement device doesn't change the general effect. Thus the superposition of the Sx and Sy states also holds for any other axis perpendicular to the z axis (or any other axis that is measured). Otherwise the video is very on point and well made.
Hmmm... I hadn't considered the arbitrary nature of the x and y axes. Good point.
The Science Asylum and just like that I ruined every video where you show this spin representation :D
Well, this mistake is similar to the picture of spatially perpendicular px and py orbitals for atoms. If you want to discuss molecular bonding with orbitals then this simple picture is fine, but otherwise it makes no sense that the x and y directions are somehow special for the symmetric situation of the atom.
Also the spin states lying on a circle is connected to Larmor precession of classical magnetic dipoles. If you apply a static field along the z-axis if the spin is in the z eigenstate, the degeneracy of the perpendicular states on the circle is lifted. Instead the definite spin vector rotates on the circle around the eigenstate axis just like you would expect from a precessing object.
Another thing you could consider for a future episode is the spin representation on the bloch sphere, where spin direction maps 1 to 1 to a spatial direction, which could also be connected to quantum/classical polarization or any 2 level system and where these concepts ultimately become unified under the qubit formalism. So people better understand how quantum computing/communication is actually connected to the physical system.
OK, now you are just being a know all d**khead.
I'm a wannabe physicist and i love your videos, they are not oversimplified cartoons for the dummies, they are actually straight to the point, and doesn't misinform the audience. Some channels make quantum mechanics sound like some voodoo practice where a conscious observer makes reality happen, and some other bull crap, when in reality, it's just our measuring equipment and our understanding that's stopping us from fully grasping quantum mechanics.
Looking Glass Universe does a great job too, but she does a lot more of the math.
@@ScienceAsylum Thanks for the recommendation, i'll check her channel out as well
@@ScienceAsylum Can you do a video on looking glass technology described by Dan burisch?
As to the sentiments below me, I too, have enjoyed stumbling onto your channel. I have *only* an English literature major, but you haven't lost me as yet with your science-speak. Cheers.
I tried understanding this from long time despite of watching so many videos and lectures it was always confusing.
Finally you answered some of the missing key aspects i was looking for. Hats off to you.
Please make a video on supersymmetry, arrow of time and vacuum decay.
Regards
I always thought that electrons actually spin. Seems they don't.
No. Pop and lock, spin is so 80's.
JUst because they BELIEVE they don't spin doesnt make it true. Matter of fact everything spins in nature and they will find that electrons do too.
@@michaelcgrasso1986 At speeds multiple times higher than c? I don't think so.
@@MysticleMonster They spin. We'll calculate the speed when we have the proper technology, but first they will see that they spin and they are in the form of a torus/dual-torus, to be specific.
Michael C Grasso but the fact they may spin ( and why not) does not correlate to spin as a property measurements.
Linear combinations of atomic orbitals having high principal quantum number "n" can indeed produce a wave function that looks a lot like a particle orbiting a nucleus; however, unless we force the electrons to continue interacting with lab equipment to retain such a state, these linear combinations quickly decohere into wave functions that looks like overlapping pictures of the smeared out wave functions we see depicted in chemistry texts.
Good point 👍
This is the craziest thing I ever heard. Thank you for sharing.
Thanks for clearing that up. I've only seen other videos say "It is spin...but it isn't really spinning." For which I thought, "I understand, but I don't really understand."
My head spins! Does that mean it is charged?
Obviously this is a joke, but if someone else has a similar question, I'll answer it. Photons are obviously uncharged and are either spin 1 or spin -1 (having spin 0 would violate the fact that light travels at the speed of light - but for completely nonobvious reasons). So having spin does not imply charge. Having a particle with spin AND charge means that you can (in principle) do a Stern Gerlach experiment with that particle.
@@JeffOuellette
Great answer. Thank U. Never thought 'bout it.
er, spin up or down?
Mine is charging towards the desk
Perform an esr and you will know it
This channel should have 1000000 + subcriber
technical r did you think someone would like your comment?, cuz they wont
That was some extremely concentrated high-quality awesomeness.
Excellent! Now to watch again so I might understand it.
1300 views.... 0 dislikes.... proof you are awesome
Adding a dislike for good measure. I'm sorry but he failed to even explain the terms, let alone describe the function of spin.
Pelican1984 He failed to explain _anything,_ and for that reason I just gave this video its 100th dislike.
Have you done the Higgs field yet? And you should be a bigger channel.
I did a video on the Higgs field a few years ago, but people immediately corrected me on several huge mistakes I made, so I deleted it. I'm hoping to get back around to it soon with a correct video.
Will look for it. If you can find away for me to understand the Eating of the Glodstone Bosons, what the degrees of the Higgs field do, and so on, you will be a total genius.
Breath and a Scream gvgg
Evi1M4chine Don't watch then. Ever thought of that?
He really doesn't act all that crazy. TBH I always thought the name "Science Asylum" was somewhat of an overstatement. Not every video on such subjects has to be 20 minutes long. From what I've seen, his videos are impressively accurate considering how short they are.
I loved the Dr. Suessesc poem, btw. Awesome idea!
Hi, your videos are a lot of fun to watch. Many thanks
Why his channel isnt growing up
TH-cam is messing with him
"If you have any question, please ask in the comments"
I have so many questions, problem is I'm not sure I'm capable of even formulating them due to my brain exploding 😂
Thanks a lot for all of these subtitles, i'm russian and it's kinda hard to understand these termins especially when you're talking with such professionalism. Keep up a good work!
Just subscribed. You deserve WAY more
theoretical physics is superior:.
theoretical physicist: " Hey I want't to investigate spin behavior could you build me some kind spin seperator?"
experimental physicist: "What, how the f**k should i do that?"
theoretical physicist: " magnets and stuff, i'm sure you'll figure it out, by the way would be nice if you can make it till thursday so my paper still will gets nominated for THIS years nobel prise "
experimental physicist: " but tomorrow is my daughters birthday, hello hello did you hang up? ugh fine"
the theoretical physicist still came up with the discovery initially :)
well... depending on the context.
IS THIS A JOJO REFERENCE
Great job! Thanks my friend.
Another outstanding video! Keep it up!
"Assume a spherical cow" ... lol I see what you did there.
Assume a spherical chicken...LOL. Physics was hard in college. Physics is beautiful now.
Very, very good explanations! Not too deep, but the essence is there in simple terms. That's how everything should be explained.
thank you sir
very good as usual. I wish you make longer videos. 5min isnt enought . my bain ask for more !
this channel is way underrated. perhaps because the host gives a lot of info quickly, unlike vsauce and veritasium? Also,this guy is asking for $500 / month on patreon. that's nothing compared to other youtubers: strange mysteries asks for $15K, scishow over $21K. If I hadn't been a jobless illegal immigrant in the UK I would donate massively
Ohhhh, now i def get it. I couldn't grasp how a particle has spin but is not spinning. I get it spin up angular momentum
Spin down angular momentum.
Have you done a video on spooky action at a distance. ? Def signing up for patreon, you deserve that with how comprehensive you a dress physics
cant wait for this channel to grow!
I wonder how many times I'll have to watch this video before it begins to make any sense. Let's find out! Thanks for the great work.
This show is great at debunking all the popular physics myths, that unfortunately have actually been popularised by physicists themselves.
You'd make a better science guy.
Nye gets his science from elementary school books, filtered through liberal politics.
At last a channel on science who's videos I can understand. Well half understand anyway. Great channel
not fully understanding it but definitely give me some idea of what quantum spin is.Great video.
1:24 PRANKED
HAHAHA PSYCH!
4:31 , you mentioned 4 possible directions but showed 6. Simple minded Confused
Each of those 6 pictures has 4 arrows (4 directions).
I don't understand sh*t but I love this channel so much, I can't stop watching it.
Great Review Video! Definitely going to help for my test monday
Good luck on your test!
Normal Person : What is a quantum spin?
Physicist : Slaps him hard on the face
Normal Person : What ?! why !? My head is now spinning
Physicist : Can you now explain what you mean by your head spinning ?
Normal person : I now understood completely. Thank you !
There are some great videos on TH-cam of Feynman doing this to interviewers. My favorite ends with the quote "I cannot explain it to you in terms of things you're more familiar with, because I do not understand it in terms of things you're more familiar with."
th-cam.com/video/36GT2zI8lVA/w-d-xo.html
Hey me again. I should finish my masters in physics in the spring ( and recently got accepted to be a PhD student). Sorry I got sidetracked, but the more I watch your videos the more impressed I am about turning the technical talk about very unintuitive subjects to English. As you could imagine by any physics student the more questions I answer the more questions arise disproportionately towards the latter. I would love to be able to talk to you privately about things in more technical detail if you have the time. You seem more like my kind of person than any professors I have and feel like It could help with my PhD. Thank you again and as always rock on man.
Tysm... best possible explanation I could ask for
i'm honestly watching your channel cuz i've chemistry exams but i know i'm bona continue watching all your other videos after i finish my midterms cuz i'm enjoying this so much
This is awesome, thanks for the "arrows" this is what I needed to visualize the electron spin!
I'm glad it helped 🤓
I love how the Universe is explainable and yet all attempts to explain it just make the explainer sound crazy and/or like s/he's just making it all up :-)
You make it so simple. Feynman would be proud.
The best video for spin I’ve ever seen.
Thanks
You're welcome 🤓
Very succinct and understandable video. Many thanks
Very nice. Just the right amount of crazy. Thanks for the teachin'.
your videos makes me think and laugh at the same time
So enlightening! Thanks