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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 31 พ.ค. 2024
- Learn about the Greek physician and philosopher Galen of Pergamon, whose experiments and discoveries changed medicine.
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In the 16th century, an anatomist named Andreas Vesalius made a shocking discovery: the most famous human anatomy texts in the world were wrong. While Vesalius knew he was right, announcing the errors would mean challenging Galen of Pergamon. Who was this towering figure? And why was he still revered and feared 1,300 years later? Ramon Glazov profiles the most renowned physician in medical history.
Lesson by Ramon Glazov, directed by Anton Bogaty.
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View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/ancient-ro...
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Patient: "Humor me."
Galen: "Which one?"
Up you go!
i dont get it
@@Lak1148 Humor has another definition meaning, "a normal functioning bodily semifluid or fluid (such as the blood or lymph)." In the video the physician talked about the balance of 4 fluids in the body.
Alberta Malachi - Haha! 😆 Good one!
@@catiecodes which has been proved wrong
Science becomes even more interesting when it joins hands with History.
SACHIN SUNDARESAN science is history
Yaaa bro
Also Mathematics
Galen's theory of the physiology of the circulatory system remained unchallenged until ca. 1242, when Ibn al-Nafis published his book Sharh tashrih al-qanun li’ Ibn Sina (Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon), in which he reported his discovery of the pulmonary circulation.
Even more so with epoche and gnosis
I like this animator.
Me too
agreed
Super Science Friends?
Reminds me of regular show, for some reason
Me too,the voice is very soothing
Thank god I'm alive in this era ..
Galen's theory of the physiology of the circulatory system remained unchallenged until ca. 1242, when Ibn al-Nafis published his book Sharh tashrih al-qanun li’ Ibn Sina (Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon), in which he reported his discovery of the pulmonary circulation.
System and Gaming use your inside voice, please
Your great grand grand kids will be thankful they didn't have to live like cave men did in 2020.
@blackapple89er *crazy coronavirus cures: BLEACH*
@Dexhead Cringe.
Isn't it an extraordinary coincidence that Galen and Ptolemy, who lived at the same time, were both discredited 1400 years later by Vesalius and Copernicus, with books published in the exact same year 1543?
Indeed an important year in human history!
The renaissance scientists continued where ancient Greeks had left off
Fausto Levantesi - Not so much of a coincidence as most think: Copernicus, Vesalius, Da Vinci, Rafael, Michelangelo, Galileo - and all the other Renaissance ‘iconoclasts’ - had direct access to Greek ideas which contradicted the orthodox Ancient Greek scientific canon that had long been accepted as unassailable in the Latin West. The 1204 sacking of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade, the subsequent ‘Frankish’ occupation of the Greek East, as well as the final Fall of Byzantium to the Ottomans in 1453, had a profound intellectual and cultural effect on Europe. For one thing, a huge influx of Classical Greek manuscripts and scholars made their way west, first to Italy, and eventually to other parts of Western Europe. The great scientists, artists, scholars, and inventors of the Renaissance, the Age of Reason, the European Enlightenment, and the Scientific Age, did not do it alone: they had direct access to Greek texts. Most of the ideas they investigated - from moral and natural philosophy, aesthetics, art, linguistics, literary criticism, political science, mathematics, mechanics, physics, astronomy, medicine, biology, even the much later theories of evolution and general relativity (!) - ALL had their origins several centuries before, in the intellectually audacious Classical Greek world, and in the culturally vibrant Hellenistic cities of the eastern Mediterranean. Much of that wisdom was lost for over a millennium, only to resurface in the West after the collapse of the Hellenized Eastern Roman Empire. It was this, more than anything else, which brought about the rupture with the old medieval worldview, and ushered in the European Renaissance and the modern Scientific Age: sine Graeci, nihil...
@@dorianphilotheates3769 nice!
They got reincarnated to fix their past errors.
I wonder what things we believe to be true will be proved incorrect in the far future! Its fascinating to think about. It'd be nice to be able to observe this and be like 'Ooooh we were so far off on that one. Whoops!'
Exactly my thoughts
This happens a lot less now thanks to the scientific method. Modern scientists are more conservative about declaring something as fact than they were in the pass. So *most* of what we know is probably true
@@gardenhead92 Still somemajor mistakes were able to pass on the mainstream in modern medicine, for istance a nobel prize was given to the inventorof lobotomy, an operation nowadays considered inhumane and cruel. That being said i believe that in the future we will be rediculed for the various forms of pseudo medicine like homeopathy
You mean like the global warming hoax?
the worst thing about this is that alot of people get ridiculed for thoughts of what could be
4:16 I'm about to destroy this man whole career
Hrs rolling in his grave
Galen deserves much criticism from historians. It is immeasurable how far he set back the advancement of medicine. How many lives lost as a result of his Cowshittery, over the ages?
History's antithesis of Jethro Tull (not the band) when it comes to individuals most influential Earths current population?
Course, now that we are about to hit 8 billion on this planet, maybe he really was a saviour.
Remember that period of 2 decades where taking it a chunk of someone's brain was thought to be a miracle cure?
Galen's theory of the physiology of the circulatory system remained unchallenged until ca. 1242, when Ibn al-Nafis published his book Sharh tashrih al-qanun li’ Ibn Sina (Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon), in which he reported his discovery of the pulmonary circulation.
Thermotom bruh he was born in like 300 BC and he couldn’t analyze people like what did they expect. They should’ve changed it when they found out
Just like blood letting was considered life saving centuries ago may be one day we laugh at the surgery we do today.
My guess is they’ll laugh at you even having to cut open a person to do surgery one day. Like nanobots possibly doing surgery inside one day.
@@nicholaslewis8594 or we develop telepathy and start operating patients without cutting body 🤯
I doubt that, but then again predictions about what technology isn't possible seem to age poorly 😂
Actually bloodletting can help the human body with somethings, like iron desiquilibrium, high blood preassure and some infections
@@lucasmaicelilopes7057 Yeah, but bloodletting is not a cure it all like we once believed centuries ago.
As an aspiring doctor, this was especially interesting. It just shows how our knowledge of medicine continues to grow and evolve.
For me it’s kind of a scary video because it shows how long we can co to use to believe something after it should have been clear it wasn’t true
I had never understood why in my country (Nicaragua), a common nickname for doctors or when referencing the doctor community as a whole, people call them 'galenos'. It has no meaning in Spanish so I always thought it was in reference to someone's name of some sort. Now I finally discovered why!
Cool! Thanks for the knowledge!
Wow! That is so interetsing omg
How on earth are these people producing such solid content 😁 simply amazing!!!
4:48 "Science is an ever-evolving process, which should always place evidence above ego."
A reminder that has needed and still needs, to be told countless times throughout history and today.
Yes.
Boy were they wrong!
~ TheOdd1sOut
@@muhammadabyanhafiz2369 no
lol
THE ODD1SOUT !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Yes they were!
@@muhammadabyanhafiz2369 no
The title is a bit misleading. Galen was way ahead of his times but calling him "notorious" just because he made some mistakes that were totally unintentional was kinda absurd.
Thank you. Some will just hate!
Sugar White exactly
For me, the title of the video is not misleading. It's quite like a conundrum. In the entire video, I analyze who's more worthy to be called as the most notorious doctor, and I supposed that it is Vesalius, not Galen who was feared and extolled during the ancient times. Just my viewpoint. ✌
a mistake is always unintentional :D
@@theali8oras274 notorious means famous, not bad due to mistakes
It is insane that he knew so much even without opening up humans. Even more so than those hundreds of years later who were actually observing human organs.
William Harvey (1578-1657) was the guy who worked out the mystery of blood circulation.
How did he?
Though It was Ibn al-Nafis who discovered and described the pulmonary circulation .
Yes😌
@@hellothere5843 William Harvey proposed a closed circulation model for blood, proved that it was blood, not air that circulated between the lungs and the heart and described the importance of the veins' valves among other things.
@@tteottaninguiayami thanks for the info, I dont really know anything about the discovery of the circulatory system, so that info was pretty, well, informative
Again, thanks! :)
The Four Humours? So that's why laughter is the best medicine!
0:05
that quote is just hilarious for some reason. basically "this helps everyone who drinks it except for the people who it doesn't help. they just die"
Why call him "notorious"? From what is stated in the video he advanced medicine far more than anyone of his time had, especially given the constraints. Yes, he was very wrong about some things, but it's not his fault the medical community took his writing as absolute fact for the following 13 centuries.
Agreed
That's modern dogma of science. Silencing and deplatforming everyone that doesnt agree with their current, always-right, set of laws. They are right in many instances such as global warming, but they still doesnt know anything, and pretend they do in their materialistic arrogance.
@@ANJROTmania Scientists do not pretend that they know everything. That would be religion. Modern science requires freedom of speech but if someone doesn't agree with the currently accepted ideas they better have solid evidence to support their own ideas. If you simply state "That is wrong" without reason to believe it is and without offering an alternative no scientist will take you seriously.
@@vladomaimun I'm agree with you, Sir, about how science must work
Don't worry. The world still has north korea performing human experimentation for us, with China and Russia as its backup.
The guy was a genius, he wasn't right on everything but he was literally creating a new field of science, not a new concept in an established category, a complete new addition to science as they knew it. Its as big of an achievement as the invention of a computer. Thank god we have more critical thinkers nowadays, or we would watch this video on a device the size of a fridge.
“That science is an ever evolving process and should always place evidence above ego.”
As should every other aspect of human study and field.
I love that opening quote. "This cures everyone, except for all the people it doesn't cure. Oh yeah, and those people also die."
Before anyone cries out against animal abuse, let’s thank Galen for laying down the basics. Sometimes, a few uncomfortable facts create a comfortable future
One of the most enlightening and educative channels on TH-cam ever!
The lovely illustrations and great voice over artists makes each video a treat to watch! 🥰
Way to go, leaving out one of his most important innovations: applying observation to the study and treatment of illness rather than using ritual to drive out bad influences. He might not have gotten everything correct but he was a damn sight further along than his contemporaries.
I love Ted anything. I don't want to sound cheesy, but you guys have such interesting things to teach.
"Place evidence over ego."
We need this mindset in more than just science. If we allow politics or economics to be consumed by ego rather than evidence, then the powerful will force scientists to abandon their scruples.
Whenever i click on a ted ed video, I just listen to the first 15 seconds to see if the narrator is Addison Anderson. If it is, then I keep watching.
I know I'm not the only one
What if it is not?
@@Dimitri88888888 I usually leave unless I can be hooked in within the next 10 seconds. I come to this channel mostly just to listen to Addison lol
I guess you're the only one.
I prefer you to watch ASMR vids.
The minute you click, they get the view.. Job done! Doesn't matter if you watch till the end or not..
this raises an interesting question on the disadvantages of talent, his discoveries were extremely important because of how good he was but because he was so good people trusted him to much and it arguably hindered the field more then it helped
Watching videos about Rome always amaze me. Hard to believe that people two thousand years ago were so advanced.
I love Addison Anderson's voice. He is by far my favorite narrator. Keep making videos, please!
u got insta
I watch ted ed videos because of this narrator's soothing voice
Ancient Patient: _Hey doctor! I've high fever,sweating, diarrhea, headache.._
Doctor: _Don't worry! Its Malaria!_
Patient: _Come'n everybody! This a witch!!!_
"Don't worry! It's malaria!" The most comforting thing a doctor could ever say to you.
"Come'n"?
Hi ted-ed
Another amazing topic..
Learned a new lesson..
Thanks to you...🙏👍😊
And this is why replicating finds should be as important as reporting new finds.
@Dylan L How did you arrive at that number?
I love the way he talks and explains things so much.
That ancient doctor is intellegent though. Imagine being only one who's into anatomy and physiology in that time
Anatomy: one of the most important branch of Biology. It was awesome video
Thank you thank you thank you for casting light onto Andreas Vesalius, who's widely underappreciated. Perhaps do a video on his work next? 🙏
the narrator's voice is really relaxed! for me, i can calmly process information, even though im not into medical discoveries and history
An unlucky title for poor old Ramon Glazov:
"Ancient Rome’s most notorious doctor - Ramon Glazov"
This was one of my favorite TEDed videos so far.
Why not also produce a video on the influence of the physician and polymath Ibn Sina (Avicenna)? Arguably just as influential on medicine in the middle ages as Gaelen.
Ahmed Al Suwaidi yeah, who ever wrote this doesn’t really know medical history. A big disappointment.
😢
Thank you so much for making this video TedEd.
this really stimulates learning
Definitely took my Netter's anatomy textbook for granted in med school. It's so interesting to learn a bit about the history and evolution of the practice of medicine.
I love TED-Ed videos.. and I love this voice! ♥️
Ted Ed and team thankyou for this valuable content.....and this video,it's amazing...
Well made, Thanks for making this possible!
Sushruta was ancient India's renowned physician. Please make a video on him. He's known as the "Father of Plastic Surgery"
Top quality video as always ted-ed, keep it up!
Wow, I want to hear more about this
I love this channel, I enjoy learning about different topics and fill my brain with knowledge, the videos make learning enjoyable and easy to absorb
It's an fantastic job done by you guys... keep it up
Why couldn’t the bicycle stand up by itself?
*It was two tired.*
O'SSÉIN - Master Your Mind With Me XD This is great
Why couldn't the bicycle stand up for itself?
*Because it was a wimp.*
Right...
Indigo Fenrir Cuz it was winded? : D Cuz u like put air in the tires right? Im the worst at puns ;-; Im even confused by my own attempt at a pun XD
The scientific method is a wonderful ideal. But it sometimes struggles when dealing with complex systems such as human nutrition, in which it's exceptionally hard to accurately isolate a single variable. Moreover, scientists themselves are only human and, as such, are subject to human weaknesses---and, as a result, science sometimes has its "holy writ" and "orthodoxy" and "heretics." It sometimes takes decades or even centuries for critics to amass enough evidence to overturn well-established errors. Galen's errors are only a few among so many. Kudos, TED-Ed.
Spot on, sir!
You get to learn so many things from watching these kind of videos. I learn to relax by listening to the narrator’s voice
It's one of the best narrated prehistoric video I've seen by Ted
00:40
Galon of Pergamon: _Don't you dare spot out any error in MY anatomy!_
Very nice sating: Science is an “ever-evolving” process that should place “evidence” above “ego”. Thank you
This channel makes you never want to stop learning!
Love watching your videos...as always
Do a video on the plague doctors plz
Imagine how hard it must have been for the first physician to conduct those experiments and finding the ideas.
Videos like these are so interesting. I hope you guys can make more videos about discoveries and inventions from Asia though. I think people concentrate too much on famous Roman and Greek thinkers or inventors
This channel is amazing the voices.of the narrator is so calming
I love how I can click on a ted Ed video and never be disappointed
Galen: *Exists*
Vesalius: *I'm about to end this man's whole career*
A summary of what happened.
Great animation. Thank you guys 👍
should've mentionned ibn al-nafis
he was an arab-syrian physician in the 13th century he recognised that blood moved from the right to the left side of the heart via the lungs. This was revolutionary, in that it corrected some of the mistakes Galen had made when describing the role of the heart and blood.
Never heard of this doctor Ramon Glazov, doesn't sound that Roman to me
Haha
Can confirm. That’s definitely Qyburn
Beautiful.
Do cover Sushrut and Charak at some point!
He is a man truly beyond his era.
If it wasn't for him we wouldn't know all this.
In my opinion, I think Galen wasn't to blame. It was the doctors who did the real human dissections and knowingly repeated such mistakes that helped perpetuate this.
Sounds like inspiration for Qyburn from Game of thrones
Finally a new TED video!
even if i don’t understand much but i stay for the beautiful animation and narration
What I learned -Science as we see it today has evolved from some damn creepy experiments
He is basically ahead of his time.
This gave me a throwback to year 11 history
“Evidence above ego?” I’m surprised TH-cam hasn’t take this down as misinformation >.
p.s. the video title makes it seems this video is about a doctor called Ramon Azov. It should have the name of the actual doctor referenced in the title, Galen of Pergamon.
*I'm Nigerian and I can tell you that some parents and grand parents still practice the bloodletting as treatment for some things.*
Bloodletting has benefits and does help with certain medical problems. If there isnt proper medical equipment for modern procedures, its not surprising a doctor would turn to bloodletting.
"Doctors still use bloodletting, for instance, in cases of polycythemia-an abnormally high red blood cell count-and in a hereditary disease called hemochromatosis, which leaves too much iron in the blood."
www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2015/10/27/bloodletting-is-still-happening-despite-centuries-of-harm/
@@persephone3892 *How does reducing amount of blood reduce red blood cells and not white blood cells? At the end, you still have same equivalent.*
@@theotherside931 Not a doctor, but usually when done properly and not excessively, bloodletting can strengthen arteries and heart muscles (like donating blood). So by stressing the body/blood, it would create more white blood cells than normal, as the body does when you are sick or hurt.
This is likely why the practice happened for so long, because it actually might help you heal faster (depending on the illness), as long as the cut/opening doesnt get infected.
Its kind of like when you work out, then youre sore, and after a few days your muscles heal and your muscles are stronger.
(Im not recommending/encouraging the practice, just giving some insight.)
lmaooo i’m nigerian and i’ve never heard of that
Please make a video on Indian physician and this book Sushruta Samhita. It will be awesome!
There should be video of " What would be it like to live in 100AC"
It would be so interesting to see what was actually happening at that time.
Sometimes change is for the greater good, even if its changing what seems to be good.
Andreas: These organs are wrong!
Galen: I see... you have chosen death
For someone that wasn't allowed to use human cadavers, he did a damn good job.
This is very good way to understand science in easy and interestingly....
Thanks for bringing back Addison Anderson
Galen:*thinks all body parts are used*
Appendix: haha
Jokes on you it was recently proven useful.
That opening quote! "This treatment always works, except when it doesn't."
Good to see some medical history videos. I feel it's one of those sciences whose history is not that much shed light on.
If you didn’t get “medicine is about life-long learning” from this, you need to watch it again.
Wow he makes me want to be human anatomist too
This is amazing!
Galen's theory of the physiology of the circulatory system remained unchallenged until ca. 1242, when Ibn al-Nafis published his book Sharh tashrih al-qanun li’ Ibn Sina (Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon), in which he reported his discovery of the pulmonary circulation.
I love ted ed
Vesalius: “PEE IS *NOT* STORED IN THE BALLS!
Garl Vinland 😂
Good introduction to Galen.
The title seemed to be saying that ancient Rome’s most notorious doctor WAS Ramon Glazov! Knowing that couldn’t be true led me to click, and I found some interesting information!