Was in San Jose next to the Berryessa Hillside when the Loma Prieta went off. It was about a 20 to 30 second shake period where I was at, which was clear on the other side of the Santa Clara Valley. No one talks about the very steep contours of the interior Bay, high potential for underwater landslides with all low lying area susceptible to Flooding.
This is a great, encouraging video. The San Andreas is less dangerous than people think. Especially appreciated given it runs right by my neighborhood! No shake n bake wanted. 👍
Thanks for addressing these points, Geology Hub. I do hope that more people become aware of this, especially the fact that there are more faults than just the San Andreas Fault. Additionally, I wish more people will become aware that the San Andreas fault may not be able to produce earthquakes as large as those in certain movies, such as 2015's San Andreas. Regarding the maximum possible earthquake magnitude that the San Andreas fault could generate, which is just 8.3, I wonder which place on the planet could theoretically produce a magnitude 10 earthquake, which is scary.
I don't think there are any faults in the world large enough to produce a M10. A large asteroid collision could potentially create that kind of shaking, but then we'd have a lot of concerns beyond just the earthquake magnitude.
Such an informative video! It’s great to see clear explanations of both the risks and the misconceptions about San Francisco’s earthquake situation. It’s crucial to separate fact from fiction to ensure we're all better prepared. Thanks for shedding light on this important topic!
1:25 love this map orientation. as someone who likes seeing things in new ways, i love a good non-standard map orientation. lets you see things you didnt even realize you missed, or come to conclusions you wouldnt otherwise even think about. Good stuff!
@@princessofthecape2078 No, SFO is on the east side. LA is on the west side. Watch the video again and you will see, or you can google san andreas fault sfo
@@princessofthecape2078 The San Andreas Fault drops into the Pacific Ocean about 50 miles south of the San Francisco peninsula, so all of the Bay Area cities are on the east side of the fault, on the North American Tectonic plate. Southern California, south of the Tehachapi Mountains, between Bakersfield and Los Angeles, is on the west side of the fault -- Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, San Diego. Fun fact: 60% of California's total population lives WEST of the San Andreas Fault system, on the Pacific plate.
I would appreciate a video on how the year of occurrence and magnitude of an earthquake with no historic record is determined. How far back can this go?
There is a field called paleoseismology that finds evidence for past earthquakes in the geologic record. How accurate you can get depends on what the site contains. They will look for things like tree rings, human artifacts, or radiocarbon-containing organic material that can be tied to the time of the quake. They are getting better at this all the time.
@@phocion1543Follow uo question from another person. How are we able to tell that a quake happened in the first place from the past? For example, the 1315 quake. Are there any noticeable signs or indicators that one did occur? Im trying to get my brain around this. Thank you much!
@MrQgips, they locate the fault and dig a trench perpendicular across it. As they go deeper, they will see layers of sediment offset. The layers on top will not be, as they are deposited after the quake. Each zone of offset is dated with radio carbon from charcoal from fires, old dead tree roots, etc. Each offset indicates a large quake event.
San Andreas fault runs thru' wilderness areas and off shore, but Hayward and Calaveras faults are under urban areas. You can go see the effect of the slow movement in the form of offset curbs and buildings. In fact, UC Berkeley's stadium is bisected by the Hayward fault and even after the recent renovation it's already showing cracks.
This week we've had 3 earthquakes in the continental US over 4.5. (four is you count the aftershock in TX) I hope GeologyHub will cover these quakes soon.
Just started watching your videos! Live in Minnesota, land of "Not much going on" but find your presentations helpful to see what happens with the "Solid Earth" we walk upon. Thanks 👍🏻
Reminds me of a short story I read about 40 years ago. Nerdy, absent minded genius at think tank near Pasadena predicts "the big one" and that everything west of the fault would sink into the ocean. Then he tempers his prediction that the computer model says he got a delta factor backwards. Word gets out and everyone travels east of the fault on the day predicted. He gets distracted and is busy in the building just west of the fault when the quake hits. He wanders outside, looks around, and says,"Damn, the computer was right after all." as he looks around knowing the next land to the east was Europe.
He went from gems to volcanoes to volcano news and volcanoes and meteors and geological odities to earthquakes and volcanoes and volcano news and meteors and geological odities. I have been watching since may 2021
Why are people convinced the western edge of California is going to fall into the sea, when its ultimate destiny is most likely going to be plastered along the southernmost edge of Alaska? Forget about buying SCUBA gear, and put orders in for thermal clothing!
Since this video touches on fissures and chasms from earthquakes, it would be interesting to hear a video about that enormous chasm that opened up in Turkey after its earthquake last year. The formation of that is one geological event i am sad no cameras seem to have picked up.
The Hayward and Rogers Creek Faults have recently been discovered to be a single fault now as a connection was confirmed under San Pablo Bay. Some geologists have suggested retiring the name Rogers Creek Fault with the entire fault being the Hayward Fault since that name is older. There is also recent evidence that the Hayward and Calaveras Faults are likely connected deep underground past where they split off each other but that hasn't yet been confirmed. If so, the southern Calaveras Fault would become the southern Hayward Fault. If this is true this makes the already dangerous Hayward Fault even more dangerous. The Hayward and Calaveras Faults are indeed the heavy hitters in the Bay Area producing most of the quakes felt in the region. Good video for pointing that out.
on the last question, even if the limit seems not to be at 9 but only at 8.3 the result of an earthquake at maximum power on these faults will still be very very catastrophic
The San Andreas is just a couple blocks from my house right before it goes into the ocean off the coast of SF. 89 was a very intense quake. It's been much much quieter than when I was growing up, but it's always in the back of my mind that it's just a matter of time. It's going to scare the crap out of all the non bay area natives when it happens.
People should be more concerned with the Cascadia Subduction Zone if you ask me. *That's* the one that has had the magnitude 9 quakes with the devastating tsunami.
IF ONLY IF ... NATURE would buckle-down and get with the percentages! I was in SFCA in 1989 -- just South of the Marina District -- when LOMA PRIETA struck without warning. Memorable experience, that.
My front yard. I remember well the Loma Prieta quake during the world series in '89. I have always worried more about the Hayward Fault than the San Andreas. As far as us falling into the Pacific Ocean - no, the rest of the country is going to slide into the Atlantic and Queen Calif shall rule her isle again! ; P
How is it determined what years earthquakes took place before historical records began? And, how do you determine the highest magnitude of a fault line? Genuinely interested in learning how that's done.
Out of curiosity is there any potential fault hazards on the western side of the Sierra Nevada like with the New melones fault zone ? Or the Bear mountains fault
What about Tanya Atwater's prediction of the San Andreas transform moving to the Walker Lane fault and most of California breaking away from North America?
How does the San Andreas Fault relieve stress on the southern section where it isn't running parallel to the northern and central sections? Mountain building? Breaking up the North American plate at this section? Something else? A combination of items?
It moves just like the Northern section and other things happen including a little mountain building, but erosion keeps them reduced to hills. The majority of the movement is North-South but there is also a little vertical component. Photos of the rupture from 1906 clearly show it but you can also see the uplift if you follow the fault through areas like the Carrizo Plains in Central Coastal California. Los Angeles will eventually end up under Reno as the Pacific plate subducts under the North American Plate. It's all very complex. Follow the fault south to the Salton Sea and you'll see it get broken into a series of sections with a couple of volcanoes, a mud volcano at the The Salton Buttes and a real volcano in Mexico. It's very complex.
I live in the Cascadia zone, and I think the people in San Francisco are nuts. No, of course everyone isn't going to die - there or here - when 'it' happens. But having the constant, high-chance threat of a 6.0+ quake over your daily life seems like a bit much.
I live in the SF Bay Area and we are prepared for quakes, new buildings have strict code (like being able to move in parts without breaking) and you just got to have emergency supplies like canned food, water, first aid etc...I would much rather be here than in a tornado zone!
I thought the rifting that forms the sea of cortez and ends at the south end of the salton sea would spread north causing the gradual separation of ca and the flooding of the salton sea basin.
I’m about 10 to 15 miles away from the Diablo & Concord faults. The Napa earthquake circa 2014 was a mild shake at 3am in 2014. Funny, a few of the most expensive zip codes in the US are actually on the San Andreas fault. DOESN’T SEEM LIKE SMART MONEY TO ME!!
I think Lois Lane proved that you can be unlucky enough to be at the right place and right time for your car to fall into a ravine during an earthquake. It was lucky superman was close by.
My question is, why isn't the pacific plate subducting under the north American plate in that area like it is everywhere else? I always thought that because the pacific plate was off older heavier rock then the north American plate, it should subduct under like it is up in Alaska.
How did they notice the 1906 4inch tidal wave? Most normal waves are ten times bigger so how does anyone spot a 4 inch wave and take note of it when every other wave is 4 feet high.
The Hayward isn't likely to have a large earthquake until it locks up again. As it is now, it's sliding pretty well as evidenced by the 4 inch separation of the two halves of Memorial Stadium in the 80 years after it was finished and before it was refurbished Magnitude 6 earthquakes do happen on other faults in the Bay Area as evidenced by the 6.1 South Napa earthquake in 2014
California has bigger issues than geological to worry about, but I'm not gonna get political. It is sad to see what's happening to that beautiful state.
They've already appeared where they're going to on the San Andreas and connected faults. There's a mud volcano at the Southern "end" of the San Andreas at the The Salton Buttes but the related fault zone continues into Mexico where you'll find a volcano named El Pinacate. Most of the related volcanism happened 105 to 85 million years ago and gave us the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
I fear the worst coming earthquake in California will hit the southern area. But the subduction zone earthquake and tsunami on the coast to the north of California will be even stronger.
I've never been worried about earthquakes in the sf bay area. There will be damage but not catastrophic damage imo. Many things have been retrofited since the loma prieta quake. The one that does scare me is the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the pacific northwest. It's enough to make me decide not to move to seattle and buy a home there. Pss, use that to keep Californians away, Washington! ;-)
This video will mean a couple of dozen people will move out of the area in the next few months as it is in no way phrased in a non-alarmist way. It might be "factually correct", but only from the viewpoint of someone with autism.
Just love how these videos are always straight to the point, no BS, and full to the brim with information.
Was in San Jose next to the Berryessa Hillside when the Loma Prieta went off. It was about a 20 to 30 second shake period where I was at, which was clear on the other side of the Santa Clara Valley. No one talks about the very steep contours of the interior Bay, high potential for underwater landslides with all low lying area susceptible to Flooding.
This is a great, encouraging video. The San Andreas is less dangerous than people think. Especially appreciated given it runs right by my neighborhood!
No shake n bake wanted. 👍
Thanks for addressing these points, Geology Hub. I do hope that more people become aware of this, especially the fact that there are more faults than just the San Andreas Fault. Additionally, I wish more people will become aware that the San Andreas fault may not be able to produce earthquakes as large as those in certain movies, such as 2015's San Andreas. Regarding the maximum possible earthquake magnitude that the San Andreas fault could generate, which is just 8.3, I wonder which place on the planet could theoretically produce a magnitude 10 earthquake, which is scary.
I don't think there are any faults in the world large enough to produce a M10. A large asteroid collision could potentially create that kind of shaking, but then we'd have a lot of concerns beyond just the earthquake magnitude.
@@phocion1543 Thanks.
Great. Now do one about Cascadia and all the misconceptions that came from that New Yorker article a few years back.
Such an informative video! It’s great to see clear explanations of both the risks and the misconceptions about San Francisco’s earthquake situation. It’s crucial to separate fact from fiction to ensure we're all better prepared. Thanks for shedding light on this important topic!
1:25 love this map orientation. as someone who likes seeing things in new ways, i love a good non-standard map orientation. lets you see things you didnt even realize you missed, or come to conclusions you wouldnt otherwise even think about. Good stuff!
Think of it this way.
The drive from Los Angeles to San Francisco gets shorter every year.
That's not true. They're both on the west side of the fault; they are both moving the same direction.
@@princessofthecape2078 No, SFO is on the east side. LA is on the west side. Watch the video again and you will see, or you can google san andreas fault sfo
One day a million or so years from now, SFO will be suburban LA 🤣🤣🤣
@@scpatl4now Yes San Francisco is just barely EAST of the fault line, some people live right on top of it in the hills South-West of the city.
@@princessofthecape2078 The San Andreas Fault drops into the Pacific Ocean about 50 miles south of the San Francisco peninsula, so all of the Bay Area cities are on the east side of the fault, on the North American Tectonic plate. Southern California, south of the Tehachapi Mountains, between Bakersfield and Los Angeles, is on the west side of the fault -- Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, San Diego.
Fun fact: 60% of California's total population lives WEST of the San Andreas Fault system, on the Pacific plate.
Lester: "Who's this 'Sam Andreas' and why's everything always his fault?!"
You joke, but in the extreme weather seasons in Southern California, several people named Al Nino have reported getting death threats.
DUDE I'm ROLLING! Brilliant!
I would appreciate a video on how the year of occurrence and magnitude of an earthquake with no historic record is determined. How far back can this go?
There is a field called paleoseismology that finds evidence for past earthquakes in the geologic record. How accurate you can get depends on what the site contains. They will look for things like tree rings, human artifacts, or radiocarbon-containing organic material that can be tied to the time of the quake. They are getting better at this all the time.
@@phocion1543Follow uo question from another person. How are we able to tell that a quake happened in the first place from the past? For example, the 1315 quake. Are there any noticeable signs or indicators that one did occur? Im trying to get my brain around this. Thank you much!
@@phocion1543 Thanks. "Paleoseismology" gives me a keyword to start from.
@MrQgips, they locate the fault and dig a trench perpendicular across it. As they go deeper, they will see layers of sediment offset. The layers on top will not be, as they are deposited after the quake. Each zone of offset is dated with radio carbon from charcoal from fires, old dead tree roots, etc. Each offset indicates a large quake event.
@@brendanh8978 oh dang! I never thought about them digging it up.
San Andreas fault runs thru' wilderness areas and off shore, but Hayward and Calaveras faults are under urban areas. You can go see the effect of the slow movement in the form of offset curbs and buildings. In fact, UC Berkeley's stadium is bisected by the Hayward fault and even after the recent renovation it's already showing cracks.
This week we've had 3 earthquakes in the continental US over 4.5. (four is you count the aftershock in TX) I hope GeologyHub will cover these quakes soon.
Seems like the majority of misconceptions are people confusing the San Andreas fault with the scale of the cascadia subduction zone.
Wan the fukka plate. It's nearly all gobbled up.
@skateboardingjesus4006your spelling 💀
@@skateboardingjesus4006 lmao so I'm not the only one who occasionally pronounces it like that as a joke
If you're not worried --i'm not worried.
@@earkittycat
I know, but it's still better than
Won the F*ck*r plate.
Thanks for all the hard work on these videos!
Just started watching your videos! Live in Minnesota, land of "Not much going on" but find your presentations helpful to see what happens with the "Solid Earth" we walk upon. Thanks 👍🏻
MUCH BEYTER than the last video on San Andraes. Hat off for doing great research.
Reminds me of a short story I read about 40 years ago. Nerdy, absent minded genius at think tank near Pasadena predicts "the big one" and that everything west of the fault would sink into the ocean. Then he tempers his prediction that the computer model says he got a delta factor backwards. Word gets out and everyone travels east of the fault on the day predicted. He gets distracted and is busy in the building just west of the fault when the quake hits. He wanders outside, looks around, and says,"Damn, the computer was right after all." as he looks around knowing the next land to the east was Europe.
He went from gems to volcanoes to volcano news and volcanoes and meteors and geological odities to earthquakes and volcanoes and volcano news and meteors and geological odities. I have been watching since may 2021
All good stuff, eh? 😊
Well you're way late to the party if you joined in 2021 .
@jjMcCartan9686I joined when Iceland started so I'm way later
Well that is a little early when you realise that he started the daily scedual in december of 2020
I mean he even deleted a lot of older videos because most of the pictures were blured out
By the way can you do a video on the Meers fault and other intraplate faults that are capable of producing large earthquakes in the intraplate years
I find the structure of San Andres fault interesting as mystical element of natural art. Ripples and valley ravines are most interesting.
Thank you. Interesting and informative.
Why are people convinced the western edge of California is going to fall into the sea, when its ultimate destiny is most likely going to be plastered along the southernmost edge of Alaska? Forget about buying SCUBA gear, and put orders in for thermal clothing!
As a San Franciscan, thank you so much for this!
Since this video touches on fissures and chasms from earthquakes, it would be interesting to hear a video about that enormous chasm that opened up in Turkey after its earthquake last year.
The formation of that is one geological event i am sad no cameras seem to have picked up.
The Hayward and Rogers Creek Faults have recently been discovered to be a single fault now as a connection was confirmed under San Pablo Bay. Some geologists have suggested retiring the name Rogers Creek Fault with the entire fault being the Hayward Fault since that name is older. There is also recent evidence that the Hayward and Calaveras Faults are likely connected deep underground past where they split off each other but that hasn't yet been confirmed. If so, the southern Calaveras Fault would become the southern Hayward Fault. If this is true this makes the already dangerous Hayward Fault even more dangerous. The Hayward and Calaveras Faults are indeed the heavy hitters in the Bay Area producing most of the quakes felt in the region. Good video for pointing that out.
on the last question, even if the limit seems not to be at 9 but only at 8.3 the result of an earthquake at maximum power on these faults will still be very very catastrophic
The San Andreas is just a couple blocks from my house right before it goes into the ocean off the coast of SF. 89 was a very intense quake. It's been much much quieter than when I was growing up, but it's always in the back of my mind that it's just a matter of time. It's going to scare the crap out of all the non bay area natives when it happens.
The Rock lied to me!?
My disappointment is immeasurable.
(Greetings from NZ)
People should be more concerned with the Cascadia Subduction Zone if you ask me. *That's* the one that has had the magnitude 9 quakes with the devastating tsunami.
IF ONLY IF ... NATURE would buckle-down and get with the percentages!
I was in SFCA in 1989 -- just South of the Marina District -- when LOMA PRIETA struck without warning.
Memorable experience, that.
I blame it on up-bringing. I don't think Nature was disciplined properly as a child... Just a thought.
@@scillyautomatic YEP. DISCIPLINING BABY HUEY comes to mind... MAYBE... The Mouse chastising The Elephant in the Room.
All that awesome weather and scenery comes with a few downsides.
My front yard. I remember well the Loma Prieta quake during the world series in '89. I have always worried more about the Hayward Fault than the San Andreas. As far as us falling into the Pacific Ocean - no, the rest of the country is going to slide into the Atlantic and Queen Calif shall rule her isle again! ; P
Fun fact, The San Andreas Fault is named after San Andreas Lake in San Bruno, just south of San Francisco.
How is it determined what years earthquakes took place before historical records began? And, how do you determine the highest magnitude of a fault line?
Genuinely interested in learning how that's done.
Could a quake on the San Andreas Fault trigger a quake on the Cascadia Fault (or visa/versa)?
Out of curiosity is there any potential fault hazards on the western side of the Sierra Nevada like with the New melones fault zone ? Or the Bear mountains fault
What about Tanya Atwater's prediction of the San Andreas transform moving to the Walker Lane fault and most of California breaking away from North America?
speaking of submirine land slides; what about the Pacific Rim damage if a major slide occurs on the big island Hawaii?
Is this the same video as yesterday?
How do seismologists determine the largest magnitude quake a given fault can produce?
The San Andreas Fault is why I still believe in Baja BC. Do you have any thoughts on this?
How does the San Andreas Fault relieve stress on the southern section where it isn't running parallel to the northern and central sections? Mountain building? Breaking up the North American plate at this section? Something else? A combination of items?
It moves just like the Northern section and other things happen including a little mountain building, but erosion keeps them reduced to hills. The majority of the movement is North-South but there is also a little vertical component. Photos of the rupture from 1906 clearly show it but you can also see the uplift if you follow the fault through areas like the Carrizo Plains in Central Coastal California. Los Angeles will eventually end up under Reno as the Pacific plate subducts under the North American Plate. It's all very complex. Follow the fault south to the Salton Sea and you'll see it get broken into a series of sections with a couple of volcanoes, a mud volcano at the The Salton Buttes and a real volcano in Mexico. It's very complex.
Just add water.... like a gold pan. Plus add the subduction zone. Many factors in California
I live in the Cascadia zone, and I think the people in San Francisco are nuts. No, of course everyone isn't going to die - there or here - when 'it' happens. But having the constant, high-chance threat of a 6.0+ quake over your daily life seems like a bit much.
I agree, San Fran is a no go for me.
We rock and roll through anything smaller than a 5.0! 😂😂😂
i just moved back to Atlanta from Seattle for this same reason.
The cascadia slip and resulting tsunami will be far worse then the San Andreas
I live in the SF Bay Area and we are prepared for quakes, new buildings have strict code (like being able to move in parts without breaking) and you just got to have emergency supplies like canned food, water, first aid etc...I would much rather be here than in a tornado zone!
Why do you talk so weird? No way you talk like that irl. Anyways great video and very happy when all the information is correct. Good job.
What about the blind thrust faults in the region?
I thought the rifting that forms the sea of cortez and ends at the south end of the salton sea would spread north causing the gradual separation of ca and the flooding of the salton sea basin.
Amused to Death worldwide 🎶 🎵 ?
The Bond-villain idea of pumping water into the fault to trigger an earthquake is ridiculous! 'Cause we don't have water!😜😜😜
I’m about 10 to 15 miles away from the Diablo & Concord faults. The Napa earthquake circa 2014 was a mild shake at 3am in 2014.
Funny, a few of the most expensive zip codes in the US are actually on the San Andreas fault. DOESN’T SEEM LIKE SMART MONEY TO ME!!
Always love the facts…no fluff just facts (unless of course it’s April Fool’s Day 😬)
How are the magnitudes of prehistoric earthquakes determined?
Why two videos with the same thumbnail?
I think Lois Lane proved that you can be unlucky enough to be at the right place and right time for your car to fall into a ravine during an earthquake. It was lucky superman was close by.
My question is, why isn't the pacific plate subducting under the north American plate in that area like it is everywhere else? I always thought that because the pacific plate was off older heavier rock then the north American plate, it should subduct under like it is up in Alaska.
There's a rotation going on. Check out Nick Zentner on this.
How did they notice the 1906 4inch tidal wave? Most normal waves are ten times bigger so how does anyone spot a 4 inch wave and take note of it when every other wave is 4 feet high.
The Hayward isn't likely to have a large earthquake until it locks up again. As it is now, it's sliding pretty well as evidenced by the 4 inch separation of the two halves of Memorial Stadium in the 80 years after it was finished and before it was refurbished
Magnitude 6 earthquakes do happen on other faults in the Bay Area as evidenced by the 6.1 South Napa earthquake in 2014
It creeps in some areas, and is locked up in others.
Oh yes we do
On behalf of California, please allow me to say, we don’t need magnitude 9.0 earthquakes. 8.3 magnitude earthquakes are big enough, thank you.
I cas see the Hayward fault from my house. Its very very quiet. All the time.....
California has bigger issues than geological to worry about, but I'm not gonna get political. It is sad to see what's happening to that beautiful state.
It's San Andreas fault. At least we know who is to blame.
😉
And no volcanoes are likely to appear? :)
They've already appeared where they're going to on the San Andreas and connected faults. There's a mud volcano at the Southern "end" of the San Andreas at the The Salton Buttes but the related fault zone continues into Mexico where you'll find a volcano named El Pinacate. Most of the related volcanism happened 105 to 85 million years ago and gave us the Sierra Nevada Mountains.
I fear the worst coming earthquake in California will hit the southern area. But the subduction zone earthquake and tsunami on the coast to the north of California will be even stronger.
What about the faults under NYC that are capable of producing big quakes & im not talking about the new madrid fault zone .
4:46 The largest earthquake the Fault can produce is an 8.3. Whew! I don't know why I was worried. Not like it's a Nine or something!
I've never been worried about earthquakes in the sf bay area. There will be damage but not catastrophic damage imo. Many things have been retrofited since the loma prieta quake. The one that does scare me is the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the pacific northwest. It's enough to make me decide not to move to seattle and buy a home there. Pss, use that to keep Californians away, Washington! ;-)
4 inch tsunami?
🎉🎉
Meh. I'm not paying for the clean up.
The big bogey man earthquake tsunami is lurking on the canary fault.
New york to miami watchout
I feel sorry for Japan because they get more serious stuff than this.
most people forget "it's all your fault " 😂
Calaveras or Hayward is gonna go first.
6.7 is barely even deadly
This video will mean a couple of dozen people will move out of the area in the next few months as it is in no way phrased in a non-alarmist way. It might be "factually correct", but only from the viewpoint of someone with autism.
Boring AI generated video. Not real content. More as "not interested"
audio engineering professional, here...i enjoy your content, but i wish you would move the microphone a bit farther away from your mouth.
I am first comment again.
You must be proud 😂
c'est quoi ce commentateur, un IA ? c à chier !