Brian Greene: The Truth About String Theory, Eric Weinstein, & TOEs (369)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 พ.ค. 2024
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Is it still possible to make a case for string theory? And should we treat the multiverse as a serious idea and explore it mathematically? Here to discuss these fundamental questions with me today is the one and only Brian Greene.
Brian Greene, of course, needs no introduction. He is an American theoretical physicist and mathematician. He’s a professor at Columbia University and the director of Columbia’s Center for Theoretical Physics.
Greene has gained a lot of popularity through his books that bring complex physical issues closer to general audiences: The Elegant Universe (1999), Icarus at the Edge of Time (2008), The Fabric of the Cosmos (2004), and The Hidden Reality (2011), a book he promoted in the TV show The Big Bang Theory!
In this episode, Brian and I discuss the experimental relevance of string theory, the multiverse hypothesis, the likelihood of alien life, and much more.
Tune in!
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Key Takeaways:
Intro (00:00)
What’s the experimental minimum? (00:51)
String theory’s experimental relevance (08:20)
An alternative path to Einstein’s equations (20:02)
Are we neglecting some ideas? (25:20)
Calabi-Yau manifolds in string theory (36:40)
Lorentz invariance and signals that are faster than the speed of light (42:27)
The multiverse and its implications for science (1:00:00)
Inflation doesn’t resolve all questions (1:04:32)
The role of a scientist as an educator (1:17:19)
UFO sightings and the likelihood of alien life (1:29:58)
Outro (1:40:40)
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One day ask if its possible string Theory is mapping this inside of our brain observation?
Since it hasn't contacted ,could it be that its all in our head and that it has contacted but we simply haven't modeled the brain correctly to give something to connect with?
Binary Mathematical Physics theory is better than String Theory.
@@smlanka4u ultimately is that not the last final one up on current evolutionary modeling?
That every plank length is allocated a qauntative value represented by vector or string or whatever want ?
For example in earths geology we have continents so now someone is trying to one up hyper split and claim we have micro continents. Then the next reduces it until finally we allocate a value to each grain of sand and this is the true model of earths evolution .
It increases complexity so that we need a massive amount of information to talk about a system which needs a massive amount of libraries to store it and massive amounts of class rooms to transfer the data and talk or teach it. Lol
@@dadsonworldwide3238, 0x2 = 0+0 = 1-1. The virtual gap between two zeros can make relative existence because zero is not a constant, just like the infinity is not a constant.
I've learned a lot of physics from Brian Greene. He's a great teacher and one of my favorite teachers.
That's awesome!
Before accepting the "science" of theoretical physics, scrutinize its epistemic justification. I don't consider these wild claims science. If scientific pluralism is the norm, i will never accept speculative cosmology.
@@czarquetzal8344what is Big Bang then ?? Big Bang isn’t speculative??
@@CR-ou2oc It is. You clearly misunderstood me.
If Brian Greene was speaking Chinese I would somehow think that I was understanding what he is saying! What a communication genius he manifests! One of my all time favorite interviews!!!❤
Brian Greene has a way of saying things that makes it easily digestible. Doesn’t he!
What a fantastic guest. Amazing interview, Dr. Keating!
Thanks so much! *What was your favorite takeaway from this conversation?* _Please join my mailing list to get _*_FREE_*_ notes & resources from this show! Click_ 👉 briankeating.com/list
@@DrBrianKeating My favourite takeaway from this conversation is firstly the amount of respect you have for each other, and secondly how you are both comfortable creating a positive tone throughout the interview even when holding different viewpoints.
Thank you Dr. Keating and Brian Greene for having these types of conversations, and making them public. You are doing huge services for the advancement of the study of physics (through the increasing of public awareness of it's importance and relevance), and you are inspiring the next generations of physicists (and probably other fields as well) discoveries.
YES.
but what we know of or see is only an almost finite part of the one Universe.
Just goes to prove, two Brians are better than one! That was a great conversation. I wish I could be more than a fly on the wall.
Wow! Brian Greens wedding anniversary is either the 9th or 10th October,,thats exactly the same 2 days my wedding with my wife was.
We were married first on the 9th in the registar office ,then on the 10th by our (at the time ) church leader.
32 years ❤
Congratulations Dr. K. another home run Brian. I first heard of Brian Green in the late 1990's while on a business trip to LA. Brian was on a local PBS or NPR station plugging his new book, The Elegant Universe. I was fascinated with his presentation, I went out and bought the book the next day. A few years later I bought the DVD PBS series. It is a great gift to explain these complicated concepts to the everyday guy. Thank you!
Another congratulations, when I subscribed you had
Thanks for always being there for me
Awesome show so far, thanks for what you guys do! Happy thanksgiving
I LOVED that joke about theorists, thank you for this wonderful and interesting conversation
The segment about the solar system and the planets in Brian Cox human universe audio book with the British narrator is the best astronomy/planetary science thing I've ever heard. So well written. And narrated. Only Sagan's cosmos is in the same league
Brian’s Brian’s Brian’s, what can I say 👏🏻 👏🏻👏🏻
epic!
A power packed performance .We have enjoyed the pleasures.
You have unfolded the manifold , great job.
Benefits for all
My heroes. Can't get enough of you two. So much passion and enthusiasm for the big picture of reality and in general.
To my observation, Brian left, the Calabi-Yau shape is an attempt to confine the self exciting energy of a particle, presumably a quark, into a fixed volume. What if you don’t need to confine the energy, what if it is confined by the present scalar Higgs Field which we know is the key player in confining photons to the speed of light. If you have a dense package of energy in the nucleus of a Proton and Neutron, why would the Higgs Field not play a role in the confinement. We know that as a particle attempts to reach the speed of light the scalar field acquires immense energy, one would expect the same at the boundary of a Proton Nucleus. That scalar field energy in a balanced situation dissipates away from the boundary by the square of the distance, becoming the Gravitational force in the form of the Proton pushing away from the field gradient intensity towards other matter. A repulsion force rather than a force of attraction.
I was in grade 3.
The teacher asked which direction the sun rises.
One kid raised his hand and said “ the Sun raises in the West and set in the East.
Teacher: does anyone agree with Johnny.?
One by one every hand went up, but one...
“What do you say Kenny?” She asked.
“ it Rises in the East and Sets in the West”
Everyone laughed at, mocked him, called him dummy.
I learned several things that day.
- There is a Truth . Your desires and beliefs are irrelevant.
- People will mock you (and worse) if you go against the group.
- Related to this video: it doesn’t matter how large and inclusive the “community” they can still be wrong..
- Seeking Truth is better, using any metric, than seeking approval.
- speaking Truth can be dangerous and unpopular.
Five lessons I learned at 8 that the majority of adults today still haven’t learned.
Brian Keating is such a great interviewer. And a very likable guy. I subscribed!
Even if there is a multi-verse it doesn't exist to us. I think a better question would be if Absolute Time exists or not. I think it does as the present time is obvious. Time dilated objects still exist in the present.
Cool discussion!!!
For the first time I saw Dr Brian Keating on Lex Fridman podcast and it was a completely remarkable and particularly mind-blowing interview. And now an interview with Brian Greene - one of the greatest theoretical physicists of our time! Couldn't be better!
My 2 favourite Brians ❤
Subscribed for more great content 😊 I know Brian from the 2000s from the discovery channel. Nice talk.
Great Value Prop! Subscribed!
"To be entangled
in your cosmic strings
By wires in my brain
It's the nature of things" 💫
a theory of strings, a song I wrote inspired by it 💫
Another really interesting chat / interview! I would like to find out more about how to understand more starting from Newtonian Physics and up to String Theory via VR - where is a link?
Favor delivered Dr. Thank you for your great content! New sub
I enjoyed the conversation and subscribed I also viewed a portion of the Michio Kaku video of which I will return and see them in full..
I hope that you continue with more of Michio's videos in the future as I enjoy them very much, Michio has a way of not only covering the material but also making it fun to listen too, that said I do notice a big difference in the way you did your questioning as seen here vs the Michio video and I would of been interested in seeing this video with Michio as the guest that said I enjoyed this one
In modern physics, String Theory is considered unscientific, and, increasingly, a stupid joke. Bear that in mind.
@@JimEadon No need to bear it in mind who said that I was unaware of that..
I may not have an edu adress, but I do devote my life to learning.
1:30:20
Thank you Dr Keating, for bringing up the UFO question
As a string player, I'm rooting for string theory! 😂I've read the elegant universe a while ago and it always inspired me a sense of wonder!
Nobody with a "brane" believes in string theory..., 😂😂😂
@@GeneralSulla haha! Good one 😆
@@GeneralSulla seems like u r a renowed scientist to say that eh
Definitely , it has wasted a lot of our time but not unworthy and what is "believes" lmao , its mathematically proven
And acknowledging that it's the leading candidate for a theory of everything or quantum gravity by far I also root for String Theory 👍
String teory is most stupid teory ever
Raw conversations like this is the best!
Brian, please hold and moderate more debates!
This was great! 2 communicators communicating. 2 Brian's, actually. I just am not sure how the universe allows such particles to be in the same state.
Wow, 20 years ago I started reading his books, still fun to hear him talk even though little has changed since.
& the Daleks still havnt been destroyed! 😮
She - He ehhhh wot about Trans brainboxes 😅
@@user-cw3gw3ms3l well, I take that back, Brian finally did smoke weed for the first time in Amsterdam and was terrified for his life, so that was a big deal.
Great show!!! A pleasure to watch it. Thanks.
Thanks so much! *What was your favorite takeaway from this conversation?* _Please join my mailing list to get _*_FREE_*_ notes & resources from this show! Click_ 👉 briankeating.com/list
@@DrBrianKeating Many, but to select a couple: i) Signals at velocities faster than light, and ii) the open and clear position on the possibility of a multiverse.
Great discussion and Dr Keating, one good thing you do is that you are not afraid to push back when need and ask the hard questions. Good! That's what we want to listen!
I’m grateful for your comments 😀
Brian greene❤
I like that painting.
Amazing talk, lots of interesting topics, all the best.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Hi, i always like Brian Green, but whit this talk i realize is importance in physics, special whit this Calabi-yau manifolds....
lol Brian! lol!
Reminds me of something my friend says to people exiting a washroom - “now get back in there and wash your hands”
But before he can say “just kidding”, they’ve turned around and gone back in, to subscr… I mean wash their hands.
Brian, do you keep up with the current ongoing debate regarding the problems in cosmology? A gentleman spoke on the iai channel about it recently. Your thoughts?
If the universe is, indeed, infinite, then there *must* be both simple and complex life out there somewhere. The only real question is how far away it is from us.
I personally doubt that there is any life of any kind anywhere close to the Earth.
But I could be wrong.
I recently watched an Event Horizon video, the thumbnail was Mars with the words "A New World," where the guest suggested we should be looking for artificial stars within 1000 light years. I commented with my shock at that optimism. Event Horizon responded that there was a recent statistical SETI paper by Claudio Maccone that suggested the nearest advanced civilization would be 50 to 250 LY and, depending on some factors, a maximum of 2200 LY.
I have not read the paper, so I'm still skeptical. Watched a couple of videos of Maccone and he seems like a smart guy. Brian should consider interviewing him. There are just so many filters along the way to advanced technological life. Even if we accept that every ocean has single-celled life, it took a billion years to get a cell nucleus, another billion to get multi-cellular. Even after you go through more filters: Neandertals lasted 150,000 years, and went from fire and stone tools ... to fire and stone tools. The tipping point for us may have been towns and agriculture.
32:50 if particles are made of momentum the E8 model could be useful in showing us how each particle is made, which momentums make which particles
It could be like the next periodic table.
Such an enjoyable, relaxed and intelligent conversation. Cheers
1:26:04 Brian Greene using the repelling force of electromagnetism in the atoms of his hand to knock down the microphone... fascinating demonstration!
Subscribed thanks for discussions
Thanks so much! *What was your favorite takeaway from this conversation?* _Please join my mailing list to get _*_FREE_*_ notes & resources from this show! Click_ 👉 briankeating.com/list
You've just painted, from scratch, an intuitive image in my head of our galaxy's path through the universe and its relationship to other celestial objects in under half hour.
Thanks Brian for coming on giving updates in their community.
Every model has a time and place application even if its sci fi or psuedo . Drawing inspiration is just as important as applications ans just behind operations.
I ask this because clearly history has synonymous and alogorical social behavioral urge to atomize reality down to qauntative plank length gradiants and vectors.
The strings imulate our artist vector graphics.
This is how we rationalize things obviously
In Brian's case -pseudoscience
I think the experimental minimum should also include inventing and experimentally testing perpetual motion machines in adolescence.
Dr Keating your on fire I just got word your going on Julian Doreys Podcast . You’re my new favorite scientist now . Great job keep up the good work and being an ambassador for science and physics. Ty from Sammy Owens III US Army (Ret)
No Thank you, so much hoo rah
Thanks!
In the multiverse, can there be a universe where no multiverse exists?
welcome to meta physics
@@gtavtheavengergunnerlegend3340😂
Not in this multiverse 😂
I just love the ideas of multi verses.
No.
me subscribed for long; i think you're one of the best of the hosts...
Thanks very much 😀
My two favourite Brian's in such a short conversation together in the same room thanks a lot guys for effort, reminds me how podcast been done before covid, something bugs me in those zoom talks this days
Glad you enjoyed it!
At 41:00 Yes there is an “honest to goodness force” not yet recognized.
The and we should expect it to define the origins of inertia, gravity, energy, charge, matter etc.
No woo, no new particles, just a new point of view.
What? I just voted Greene, and in a second, I found podcast was delivered. Faster than light.
Well not really faster than light. You literally told us it took a second ;)
Right. They probably produced the episode in other universe or curled dimension, which still could fit in to c.
2^n qubit form N dimension for all possible entanglement between N particles, add one more particle to 2^(n+1 ) qubit form N+1 dimension.
For example the simples way to cook up a classical description of the correlations of a bell pair does involve one side changing the other faster tham light, and sending information in a sense, but it isnt readable information, that is to say if you took the quantum state in one of the labs it still doesn't allow you to exchange information faster than light even in cases where one of them being measures permits a full description of the other in a reduced state because of a causal influence that went at much faster than light.
Good interview dr brian
Glad you enjoyed it
WaaaaAAAAaaay back in the daaaaAAAAaaay I recorded his documentary about string theory onto VHS because I loved it so much! The theory had had it's ups and downs and zigs and zags, but I think there are things about it that may describe in a roundabout way the physical world.
Earth is flat
@@PetarNedic-ei4vb Yo mama's flat.
Earth is a donut you klutz
Great show
The Brians rock 👍
Really good episode. Both of you are excellent teachers/communicators in that you are able to keep the feeling informal and approachable without dumbing it down too much.
I will click on literally any Brian Greene video
I don't think unification can happen without modifying GR, same for QM. What ever the common ground is will change the way we look at both.
Oooh faster than light comms? Compression may be a good way to think about it. A lazy river gets sped up when forced to flow through a narrow pass, but it loses energy in the process.
Hey Brian! Great conversation. A little tip for your audio quality: Try using dynamic microphones when in a room full of echo. Condenser mics tend to capture way more reverb from the room than dynamic mics.
Keep up the good work
Thanks for the tip!
@@DrBrianKeating 👊
Dr. Keating, I think the way you speak, your character, and the way you explain science is so exciting. Watching you on TH-cam is one of my favorite things to do. I'm a scientist myself, and you are so amazing to listen to. Keep it going.
Fascinating conversation, love Brian Greene, but I think there is a limit to announcement intrusion, really hard to engage and enjoy
Well said!
I believe von Braun was thinking about this very thing. Great interview Brian 👍. Peace ✌️
I have a technical question about the counterfactual, of you didn't have qft or gr, how would you recognise that it is the right framework? The reason why people went "yey qft" is because of predictions that got the right answers. Isn't it still not feasible to make those spesific predictions in the context of string theory? Thats my only objection, but the counterfactuals are telling an important story anyway, i think the point is that postdiction is the same as prediction, only a lot more susceptible to fudging. But it is a good consistency check at least, but i think we should view predictions as also being just that, consistency checks, but in domains we havent probed yet it is kind of more impressive, but the relationship to nature is the same, only that not knowing the putcome of experiments beforehand means that its not possible to just massage a theory into the right shape to fit some data. So its really the ability to fine tune a theory to fit any datapoint we havemt checked yet that is concerning, it isnt a check on truth, just a danger in terms of ending up building castles out of sand. The limit is ofc just a list of experimental results and observed events, as general as it gets but not predictive at all.
Just found this excellent. Subscribed
Welcome aboard!
Where do I buy that awesome painting in the background?
Long live Brian’s brother
Here's a question, so in the vacuum mass is equal to 0, in an atmosphere environment how do you remove the weighted mass from a craft. How do you get the crafts weighted mass to 0Msquared? ThTs what I've been thinking about.
Experience is observations of pressure in equalization throughout space. Mass occupies space as neutralized resistance within it. Quatum mechanics works as long as there are frequencies that vibrate towards the weakest point of resistance until resistance can't be overcome. Mass occupies space as it vibrates through space. It doesn't bend, collapse, or move. Distance of forward momentum is redirected trajectories contained in magnetic fields of forced pressure cycling circulation patterns. Outward force of pressure is maintained in mass as outward force of pressure from repulsion within mass as outward force. Magnets show the bonding power and repulsion of resistance to thermaldynamics singularities. Physics works as long as gravity doesn't work in quantum mechanics. Vibrations settle into the weakest point of resistance. Magnetic fields are proof of equalization of pressure into cycling thermaldynamics singularities. Physics works for the greater magnetic fields. Force of pressure equalization to cold resistance. Waves of thermaldynamics singularities are the decay of stars mass as dark energy waves outside of entanglement of mass until resistance can't be overcome. Examples of observations are atmospheres being struck by these waves as sparks or if you prefer electrons of light. Forward momentum exchanges energy and resistance point to point timed interactions of forward maximum momentum velocity in resistance equal to distance traveling through space. Lightning burns through atmospheres as sparks of electrons as decay of mass as Light. Atmospheres collapse back in on the void created by the atmospheres breaking down into thermaldynamics singularities as thunder. Heat waves. Light is only present in resistance. Electrons are sparks of light in resistance. Lightning proves hypothesis. Observations are experiences of physics. Electricity is rapid decay of thermaldynamics singularities passing through resistance. Heat is always present in decay of mass breaking down into thermaldynamics singularities. Physics works. Resistance is always equalization as cold space itself. Mass decays by loss of thermaldynamics singularities. Cold resistance of space itself is always leftover. Space itself remains. Thermaldynamics singularities in proximity fill the void. Resistance can't be overcome. It is always present. Thermaldynamics singularities are the variable in degrees of temperature. Quatum mechanics works with cold resistance of occupational space neutralized within mass. Physics works.
OMG!!! What is going on here? Why nobody told me the other Brian is coming? You know that famous quote? “Two Brians better than one?” . Anyway, joking apart, I listen to both of you religiously and devoutly. Thank you very very much ❤
Thanks so much! *What was your favorite takeaway from this conversation?* _Please join my mailing list to get _*_FREE_*_ notes & resources from this show! Click_ 👉 briankeating.com/list
@@DrBrianKeating I like his imagination, hope and optimism, and your sticking to facts, proves and data. Both are necessary for advancement of true science. And yeah, I am sorry, someone have to debunk that oumouamoua and those pollution beads on ocean floor. I am glad you touched on those. And I am on your mailing list.
I pay for premium to avoid the ads interrupting the video. Content is awesome. Sneaky ads in the middle of the video that circumvent my PAID efforts are sad.
Ooh nice didn’t realise Professor Keating has their own channel 🤩
Awesome.
Btw without consideration of the full effects of such a force, a force that conveys information between entangled systems in a non lorentz invariant way, doesn't break much of anything, because we habe theories that are invariant in every other way, meaning energies would be simimar, qft calculations would still work pretty much the same, the point is, we habe the results and if the forces are direct consequences of the stuff the rest emerges from but explains correlations that are already in the theories we have, then it is not so worrying to speculate about messing everything up u see. :) that is to say the consequences at the micro macroscopic level might just be the correlations and other hysterisis like effects, after all entanglement is kind of like a hysterisis effect where the fact that a particle is produced innconcert with another effects the correlation, which is basically changing the physics depending on mutual consequences of something that happened in the past. So i think there are decent ways to break the symmetry without ruining everything else right away.
;) that asmr intro was weird. lol. Great questions, nice podcast.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Whats cool about physics is that it is both fundamental to our existence and yet abstract enough to not take things so personally. So we can potentially all be friends, more or less. The aspect of money is a reality. One that could potentially be assisted with string theory based quantum computed blockchains. But, thats a far removed reality. Heading into the new year, I’m going to think of anywhere or anybody that I owe an apology to. It appears in the physics community, some of us owe apologies to one another.
Interesting discussion for sure, but I don't understand why the thumbnail would ask the ridiculous question "PROOF OF PARALLEL UNIVERSES?" in big block letters, when you know full well that no such proof would be presented, and that none is known to exist.
proves the old adage that - Two Brian's are better that one. xx
Amazing podcast but the sound isnt perfect yet.
Regarding life on other planets. . . Considering that we only see the transit of Venus years apart, it seems to me that ANY exoplanet discovered by its transit of the parent star would indicate that
1. the planet would be really close to the star. . . i.e., well outside a habitable zone, and
2. So massive as to be not amenable to life
Im upset Mr. Keatong didn't push back more about the alien topic. Mr. Greene was very hyperfixated on interstellar travellers thousands of light years away. We have many exoplanets orbiting stars less than 50 LY away from us. Some even 15-30 LY away. A civilization only a couple centuries older might be able to send a probe or physically travel a fraction of the speed of light and make it to earth in our lifetime. Those civilizations are more likely to crash or be shot down.
Copies in time ?? Maybe Indices of reflection and refraction thru time via Quantum coupling. Wolfgang Pauli
I like hearing about mismatches.
I found myself being far to distracted by the artwork. Great content as always.
Understandable
One thing I take from the case of Mt Mazama is that stratovolcanoes do not obliterate themselves ... until they do. A large edifice that has built up over a very long time (for a stratovolcano), from relatively gentle eruptions, does not mean that the volcano will not produce a caldera-collapse eruption in the future.
One is none, two is one. It is possible to reduce three dimensions to two, virtually. ADS to CFT. String theory is reducing it again to one dimensional strings. It is possible to do this with math, but that same math can produce many landscapes, so it is telling us about every possible landscape, not specifically our reality. It is too generic to be useful in this way. Because it can be used to describe anything, it describes nothing specific, so it is a cop out just like M-theory. Therefore, my argument is that the reduction to one dimensional strings is going too far.
In addition to quantum physics young people need to be taught trades like plumbing, carpentry and fixing things… America’s is rebuilding our manufacturing base that will triple the blue collar ranks in the next decade.
In regard to the topic of aliens your thinking, analogies and assumptions are knowledgeable and insightful. You had me in fits of laughter.
Experimental physics is REALLY CRAZY HARD, at least these days.
AI computing may make it much easier. And our knowledge of the universe is growing rapidly. And maybe growing faster. One problem maybe that most of the low hanging fruit has been discovered.
Parallel Universes? I think, it depends on the definition of "Universe". If it has to emit Mass, Radiation, and Energy, like ours then NO. We can already detect that. If it is something out of our perceptional reach, then yes, because it describes things that happen in parallel, but out of our detection range.
So I would say this, if ant hills started smoking from everywhere would we take a closer look at those ant hills to see what's happening? Or if we could travel to other systems and we needed water to replenish our supply and we found a civilization where water was abundant what would we do? Would we observe and even grab one to see if they had intelligence as we do. Would we do that.
Assuming the generous, that Brian Greene did not make a single false statement during this fine interview; what is the closest he came to making a statement that could be debated to be the least reliably true? [Not a trick question, a sincere one]