Aromatic Hydrocarbons class 11 | NCERT Organic Chemistry | Hydrocarbons| Class 11 | JEE | NEET 2025

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DR. ASHIS MATHURI CLASSES
Structure of Benzene
Criteria for aromaticity
CLASSIFICATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUND
Distinguish Between Aromatic and Aliphatic compounds
% Percentage of carbon in Hexane
% Percentage of carbon in Benzene
Naphthalene belongs to which type of aromatic compound?
Methods of preparation of Benzene
1) From acetylene. (By cyclic polymerisation)
2) From sodium benzoate. (By decarboxylation)
3) From phenol (By reduction)
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BENZENE
REACTIONS OF BENZENE
ADDITION REACTIONS
Addition of hydrogen
Addition of chlorine
Addition of Ozone (O3)
SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
I. Nitration
II. Halogenation
a) Chlorination
b) Excess of Cl2
c) Bromination
III. Sulphonation
IV. Friedel-Craft’s alkylation reaction
V. Friedel-Craft’s acylation reaction
MECHANISM OF ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION
Formation of electrophile
Formation of carbocation
Removal of proton
DIRECTIVE INFLUENCE OF A FUNCTIONAL GROUP IN MONO SUBSTITUTED BENZENE
I) Activating ortho and para directing groups
II) Deactivating and meta directing groups
CARCINOGENICITY AND TOXICITY