Eukaryotic Translation (Protein Synthesis), Animation.
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 พ.ย. 2014
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The translation process involves the following components:
- mRNA or messenger RNA containing the genetic information to be translated.
- tRNA or transfer RNA bringing in the amino acids - the building blocks of the protein.
- Ribosome - the machine that performs the translation. The ribosome has two subunits: small and large.
- Several initiation factors, elongation factors, and release factors. These factors assist with initiation, elongation and termination of the process, respectively.
Steps of the translation process:
Initiation (eukaryotes) : The small ribosomal subunit binds to the initiator tRNA carrying the initiator amino acid methionine. This complex then attaches to the cap structure at the 5’ end of an mRNA and scans for the start codon AUG. The process is mediated by several initiation factors. At the start codon, the large ribosomal subunit joins the complex and all initiation factors are released. The ribosome has three sites: the A-site is the entry site for new tRNA charged with amino-acid or aminoacyl-tRNA; the P-site is occupied by peptidyl-tRNA - the tRNA that carries the growing polypeptide chain; the E-site is the exit site for the tRNA after it’s done delivering the amino acid. The initiator tRNA is positioned in the P-site.
Elongation: A new tRNA carrying an amino acid enters the A-site of the ribosome. On the ribosome, the anticodon of the incoming tRNA is matched against the mRNA codon positioned in the A-site. During this proof-reading, tRNA with incorrect anticodons are rejected and replaced by new tRNA that are again checked. When the right aminoacyl-tRNA enters the A-site, a peptide bond is made between the two now-adjacent amino-acids. As the peptide bond is formed, the tRNA in the P-site releases the amino-acids onto the tRNA in the A-site and becomes empty. At the same time, the ribosome moves one triplet forward on the mRNA. As a result, the empty tRNA is now in the E-site and the peptidyl tRNA is in the P-site. The A-site is now unoccupied and is ready to accept a new tRNA. The cycle is repeated for each codon on the mRNA.
Termination: Termination happens when one of the three stop codons is positioned in the A-site. No tRNA can fit in the A-site at that point as there are no tRNA that match the sequence. Instead, these codons are recognized by a protein, a release factor. Binding of the release factor catalyzes the cleavage of the bond between the polypeptide and the tRNA. The polypeptide is released from the ribosome. The ribosome is disassociated into subunits and is ready for a new round of translation. The newly made polypeptide usually requires additional modifications and folding before it can become an active protein.
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This is by far the best animation and explanation of eukaryotic translation I've ever seen. Thank you!
I wildly agree😂
Why there is not option to like more than one time??
I can feel it
I come back to this video every two years or so whenever a class or exam covers the topic of translation. You'd think I'd have it down by now, but every year I forget how it happens, and it's a hard concept for me to understand for some reason. This video has been so helpful and has saved me so much time over the past ~6 years LOL thank you!!!
great idea
Biochemistry in a nutshell xD
GOD BLESS YOU AND WHO EVER RAISED YOU
it's 8 years and still this video remains the most up-to-date and excellently explained tutorial one could ever get, God, bless you
Thank you for this video! This is exactly what I was looking for when reviewing for my Biochemistry final. Most other videos I have watched did not mention anything about the initiation factors, and that was one of the key things I needed to review. Thank you again.
Thanks for watching!
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Best video on eukaryotic translation I've found. Short, concise, but has all the important details. I always refer back to this video whenever I need to refresh my memory on translation
I cannot tell you how incredibly helpful this channel has been for me! thank you!
This is seriously the best video I have found on this topic. I would like this a 100 more times if I could
I swear I can never thank you enough for this fascinating work. It helped greatly.
Very beautiful animations that explain everything so clearly. Thank you so much for making this video!
wow the animation that i wanted and i needed tnx from that Alila Medical Media
This is incredibly helpful, wow this cleared up many questions
This video is so good! The important points are not missed and the video is really short and time saving! Thank you so much ✌️
It was a really good video. Compared to all the other videos,this one had more detailed explanation to it especially the A,P,E sites it was really clear .Thanks for the video.
This video is the best! Simplified translation so well after I have been struggling to master it. Thank you so much!
Thank you so much for explaining this in such an easy manner. I was overwhelmed looking at my textbook and duration of lecture videos, but this video has cleared the concept in just 3 minutes
This is really good, thanks for clearing things up
Perfect video for review and even for first timers...amazing work sir. U saved me. Thank u very much
this is the best translation video on youtube, thank you!!!!
By far the best animation for the topic. Great work.♥️
The mRNA is also looped before elongation with the EIFs at the 5'cap and PolyA tail
This is such a huuuuge help! Thank you for posting ❤
AMAZing! Thank you so much. That is what i was looking for!
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This is in perfect alignment with the Standard Level IB curriculum. Thank you so much.
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Thank u man❤️
This is THE BEST explanation of this I've found out there and I'm a bio major! Thank you!!!!
Thank you!!! This really helped me out!
This video is soooo helping!! Finally understood the concept ;) Huge thanks
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Dont know what to say
Just saved my life man ❤
Best explanation of translation, thank you so much
Really concise, easy to understand video. Thanks a ton :)
Thank you!!!!! I finally understand this now.
It explained each and every concept
Best animation for translation
Thank you so much....it really helped me to clear my concept....I was finding a video which also include initiation factors which I couldn't find in other videos....
Best ever explanation of translation!!! Thanks a lot!!
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Tomorrow I have a presentation and I need to explain this process. It helped me a lot.
Great video really cleared translation up
This is so helpful to prepare my bio exam :) Thank you
This is so helpful to help visualize the process. Thanks
Thank you so much for making this easy to understand 👏
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It's amazing .. Thanks for clearing that 💙
THIS IS he best video for understanding how to move 5'>3' mRNA!!!
I've been having many lessons for this by using blackboard and not get it.
Finally!!!🎉
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Loved this video! THANKS A TON
Thank you so much I finally learned what was going on in my biology class
Legit amazing video, thank you I love you
What a fantastic video. Thank you!
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These types of videos are very effective for me..thankyou
FINALLY I UNDERSTAND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, WOW, UNBELIEVABLE, BE BLESSED ABUNDANTLY
Such a saviours this video is 🙌
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Thanks
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From India ❤️
Thanks this video really helped me.
The releasing factor name's " eRF " for the Eucaryotic and "RF" for the prokaryotic.
Thank uu ♥️
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This was very helpful!
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thank you that helped me a lot
Thank you so much for this video. I am preparing for my medical PG entrance and I had forgotten all my school basics. After watching this, it's like some rewiring has occured in my brain circuits 😄
Thank you for the clear cut explanation!!
this video is NOT according to the latest discoveries. Ignore it and get other sources
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Thank you so much sir ❣ . After watching this video it's become too easy. Really so helpful .❤
GREATEST EVER EXPLANATION 💯💯💯❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
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Love this; thank you!