Prefrontal Cortex
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 พ.ค. 2024
- The prefrontal cortex (PFC) allows us to engage in what scientists call “cognitive control” (also known as “executive functioning”) and it is crucial for our sense of self. This video explains what the PFC is, why this brain region’s properties make it well suited to cognitive control and the sense of self, and how each of the subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex contributes to these functions. Includes interview clips with neuroscientists David Badre (Brown University), Gregory Hickok (UC Irvine), and Taylor Guthrie (University of Oregon).
Learn more about the PFC and its role in positive emotions in this video: • Igniting Positive Emot...
Chapters:
00:00 The prefrontal cortex (PFC) allows us to engage in cognitive control (executive function) and the sense of self.
00:34 Prefrontal cortex in cognitive control according to David Badre
01:14 Prefrontal cortex location in the brain
02:11 Executive function
03:44 Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and motivation deficits (DMPFC)
05:14 Anterior cingulate cortex, motivation, and prediction error signaling
05:56 Medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)
06:45 Neuroscience of the self and the MPFC
07:44 Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
08:04 Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex damage and perseveration
08:43 DLPFC damage (in verbal and visual reasoning)
11:11 DLPFC in working memory
12:01 Caudal-rostral PFC gradient in abstract rule representation
14:39 Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)
15:18 VMPFC connections
15:57 VMPFC in cognition and emotion
17:07 Patient EVR and the VMPFC
18:01 VMPFC damage and acquired sociopathy
18:54 The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT)
21:00 VMPFC and reversal learning tasks
22:09 The VMPFC and feelings
23:56 The VMPFC and empathy (from Behave by Robert Sapolsky)
25:12 VMPFC damage and ethical reasoning
28:04 Summary and caveats
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References:
On Task: How Our Brain Gets Things Done, By David Badre, 2020, Princeton University Press, ISBN: 9780691175553 amzn.to/43RRSWE (I get a commission if you purchase a product through my affiliate link)
Fellows, L. K. (2019). The functions of the frontal lobes: evidence from patients with focal brain damage. Handbook of clinical neurology, 163, 19-34.
Reber, J., & Tranel, D. (2019). Frontal lobe syndromes. Handbook of clinical neurology, 163, 147-164.
Menon, V., & D’Esposito, M. (2022). The role of PFC networks in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 90-103.
Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022). The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 72-89.
Parijat, P., & Bagga, S. (2014). Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation-An evaluation. International Research Journal of Business and Management, 7(9), 1-8.
Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin.
Guthrie, T. (2020). Cognitive Neuroscience of Social Cognition - The Self. • Cognitive Neuroscience...
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Brain Images:
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amygdala: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amygdal...
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#prefrontalcortex #neuroscience #brain
⚠ CORRECTION!!! In this video, I said "this video is brought to you by the Diamond Mind Foundation." Well, as of December 2022, that is no longer the case.
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The topics that you go over in this video explain most of the cognitive processes that as someone with high functioning autism I consistently have difficulty with. This is very fascinating!
This video is literally gold. It's saddening there are so few views.
Thank you so much!
As a psychology undergraduate, this is a great source of information. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you for the contribution to the world! 🙏
A very good introduction to PFC anatomy and functions. Thanks!
Thx a lot for this Andrew
This is 🔥🔥🔥 You can definitely tell how much work went into putting this together and it was all really well done! I actually learned a lot too about research I hadn't heard of before. Thanks again for the shout outs!
Thank YOU! Your contribution was critical to this project 👌🙌
This video has been so helpful to studying for my licensing exam. Thank you!
Wow this video really hit its target audience damn. Yalls including myself, prefrontal context led you here haha 😂 That's sign 1 that you are blessed with the ability to make conscious decisions
Useful info. Thanks to you and TH-cam. Otherwise I couldn't access it easily.
This helps explain some potential causes of the problems with those who have things like autism and borderline personality (and likely other diagnoses, but those two are ones I’ve focused on for years).
So fascinating.
Thanks 😊
I had tms which targeted my dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. It was the best treatment for depression i ever had. I felt great and so motivated.
Unfortunately the effects wore off after 4 months or so, but I hope to get it again.
Would you be open to different treatments?
Regarding TS 22 and VMPFC patients I would add the term "personalization of experience" - the phenomena to have value, emotion, empathy reaction to experience something like identifying with a character in film or book and caring about what happens to him or her, as opposed to not caring what happens to a different character. Thus patients would have reduced personalization of experience.
Regarding cold and hot cognitive control, what about default mode or task positive networks and mentioning the fact that these are mutually inhibitory and that the VMPFC is one of the few I found that causes inhibition of serotonin production at the dorsal raphe nuclei.
That’s super interesting about the raphe nuclei and vmpfc! On your first point, you may need to school me a bit on what TS 22 is. Thanks so much for your thoughtful comment, by the way.
@@senseofmindshow TS 22 - time stamp of 22 minutes :-) a reference to the location in the video where topic was covered.
@@granitfog Ah haha okay thanks. That's really interesting and something I'd like to learn more about!
@@senseofmindshow Regarding "i'd like to learn more..." may I suggest searching using the key words meditation & task positive network; task positive vs default mode network, meditation and default mode network. Additionally I would suggest meditation eventually progressing to a form that involves looking objectively at the experience of sitting still and watching oneself, and for a duration of at least three 30-35 minute periods per day. All this will take months - but no rush.
@@granitfog Thank you for the search terms! And fi you have any specific articles or other content that you can point me to, that would be great. I have actually been doing mindfulness meditation for 10 minutes a day for about 5 years now (I had a brief stint where I got up to 30 minutes per day, but it didn't last long lol).
11:15 - working memory
Really would have liked to listen to this but I found the background music too annoying
Is it possible focusing on only a sound/word and image in your mind, while breathing fully through the nose and applying radical emotional advertising, if negative emotions arise, could help produce activity in the pre frontal cortex?
If we new how to promote activity in the pre frontal cortex, could that benefit humanity?
I am dealing with long term depression from cPTSD.
I have gone from pretty-much self actualizing; to living alone in a shipping container and laying in bed all day. I can’t seem to pull myself up very well anymore.
Do any of you have ideas? I am seeing a psychologist, he deals with military and is frustrated.
Sorry for the bad English. It’s early in the morning and my lowest time.
Some people did some seriously bad stuff to me.
3:50
8:50
Brother please reply me, I'm 26 years old now but i got dipression in 22 the problem is my frontal lobe not fully developed looking small head but now im 26 so many internet article showing 25 is final brain development.
What can i do to develop my frontal lobe people around me bullying and ragging for my small head. Also visit neurologist they told me to admitt hospital for week but I don't have much money to admitt.
So my question is if i get treated my frontal lobe will devolop or not (im 26 age now)
Please reply 🙏🙏🙏🙏
I have adhd and this part of my brain hasn't worked my whole life making my life hard and miserable, people in life complain they have it hard my life is much harder.
I'm sorry to hear that. I hope you can find some professional help, whether through therapy or pharmacology, so life can be a little easier for you.
@@senseofmindshowsame here, except I can't be diagnosed where I live. I have many of the described symptoms since childhood (motivation issues, can't normally process items in the working memory, slower than normal at formulating thoughts, hard to switch between tasks), but I can't remember having a brain injury. I want to find out if my defficiency is because I lack certain pathways or because of lack or mediators and receptors, which can be helped easier, I guess.
Thank you for your hard work, you made it so concise yet informative!
One thing that's jumped out watching these YT neuro sci videos is this issue of MRI activations by brain region not really matching well with historical 'ad hoc' ideas about behavior or thinking, except 'self' as mentioned in this video. This seems pretty unsurprising, it would be more surprising if historical colloquial concepts somehow evolved, with no knowledge of 'how to build a cognitive machine', to correlate with brain mechanisms and design. Why not try the other way around? Just forget historical hand-waving concepts like 'memory' and 'language', and just measure sensory input and MRI signals, then cluster with even basic ML like t-SNE as a starting point?
😢
Useless Theory unless this includes the ways to improve PFC.
Below Tips I found to improve it.
1) Celibacy (save your sexual energy) (most important 1)
2) Regular Head Massage with oils.
3) Meditatiion for self control and healing of brain (most important 2)
4) Playing Chess to improve decision making.
5) Reduce the Stress and Depression (Depression kills your PFC of the brain and you would be on instincts).
6) Watching Comedy
7) Nutrtion B12 and sound sleep in Dark room.
8) Physcial exercise including Yoga, Sports and Walking etc.
9) Eat Natual food and more fruits.
10) Delayed Gratification.
11) Medication (Allopathy or Ayurvedic or Hemopathic ) but they all make your mind slow so that you can't think.
last but least limited use of electronic gadgets and try to live in countryside instead of big cities.
How do you reduce depression?
Sad to see you comment "useless information" to so much work the guys have put in.
Many good suggestions you have provided. One thing that helps me greatly is reading Psalm 91 and Psalm 103:3. When I realized God loves me and wants to heal my broken parts, it's a relief to me. This knowledge also helps me with my daily life. God bless you, BIG TIME!
“No indeed! if he does not stop, we will seize him by the forehead, his lying, sinful forehead.” (Quran 96:15 & 96:16)
AKA The ADHD brain