Naue II Bronze Swords Received and Tested on a Gel Head
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 ก.ย. 2024
- Thrand and Eldgrim receive the long awaited Naue II Bronze swords from master bronze weaponsmith and Historian Neil Burridge . They marvel at them give short history, and decide to test them out on a really tough analog ballistic gel head with a hard skull to see how powerful a blow can come from the these revered ancient weapons of war! So sit back grab a mead, wine or ouzo and enjoy the package opened and bronze blades of a master smith tested.
www.bronze-age-...
Neil Burridges site to order these wonderful works of antiquity and learn from him as well!
www.bronze-age-...
Be sure and like us on Facebook / thrand
Be sure to Subscribe to our TH-cam channel at www.youtube.co...
Help us keep channel going on Patreon
/ thrand
Note from viewer css1971
Bronze hardness (Vickers) : 60-258 depending on the mixture of tin/copper
Iron hardness: 30-80
Steel (iron/iron carbide matrix): 175-458
Hard steel (late swords and modern steels): 650+
A good bronze sword wouldn't be a bad choice until steel came along, and even then the early steels would have been half a dozen of one six of the other.
Lovely swords btw. ... Only ￡350 ... hmmmm..... I know what I'm saving up for now.
the combination of you guys and my swords is scary, these are the first tests on ballistic gel and the results are quite shocking, there have been doubts that the death descriptions in the Iliad were true, but this makes it look all the more true.
The testing of bronze sword is a scary business from the point of the blade maker as people expect too much as they are used to steel but three thousand years ago this was the technology and a swords man had to work with in the limits of his blade and the material it was made from.
These swords preformed very well and are very lethal! Thanks for these works of fine craftsmanship and antiquity. We plan on testing them fully and using them in combat so this was but a small teaser. I will come back with more accurate analog ballistic gel head (this one being a bit tough due to wooded joint) with proper neck I am certain they can do a proper decapitation just like the Illiad!
Absolutely beautiful weapons. I love the color of bronze.
Yes they are breathtaking feel and appearance :D
Is that blacksmith the same gentleman who worked with Skallagrim on his bronze sword revievs? The name sounds familiar. Also, those brozne swords, man. The design looks like it could be from anywhere, Asia, Europe, Scandinavia. It remotely remind me of your Scottish Dirk. And I guess You guys will see how good can sword with no guard do, cuz that's something worth testing. Keep up the good work!
Also, Skalla said, that problem with sword bending can be fixed just by flipping the sword in the hand the other way and applying tge same striking force opposite direction. I'd looooove to see how You guys will resolve that an actuall combat!
Yes it is Neil Burridge!
RubberKidney - We will test it to its limits soon this was just a little fun at the spur of the moment!
ThegnThrand Oh hell yeah! :D
*****
Very true!
Looked like it bent a little on the neck strike...Bronze though so easy enough to bend back *shrug*. Gana see some thrusting with it as well?
Yes we will test thrusting in full video this was just the package opening we decided to test them on the head spur of the moment.
If it does bend you can bend it right back and it did bend a hair not too bad.
...yeah, I said that.
*****
:D
Albert Milbert If you let the sword do the work and not follow through with the arm it is less likely to bend but even if it does it is easy to straighten and really does not harm the blade. I do not follow through with the cuts is why mine does not bend except on the decapitation attempt but I expected it to go clean through which I hit the heavy wood inside the PVC pipe joint which was unintentional. Another wards if you force it and follow through it most likely will bend some if you let the sword do the work it will not bend. I tried to explain this to Eldgrim but hard not to follow through if you are use to modern steel weapons that have temper. These weapons normally were used to thrust not cut or hack most of the time. We will go over this in the actual video this was just supposed to be package opening video that got out of hand due to excitement lol
I've fiddled around with this steampunkish story idea, only fiddled. But one thing that I came up with is that firearms wouldn't be used in combat aboard airships for fear of setting off the hydrogen. So combat would be hand-to-hand (which BTW justifies cool sword fights). But then I thought about steel swords striking sparks. So, they would use bronze, which doesn't strike sparks. At least, I'm *pretty* sure it doesn't.
Bronze does not spark and you could even make an epic steampunk sheath or scabbard or even a modified grip if that is the theme :D
Thrand (Achilles) vs Eldgrim (Hector) Round One FIGHT!
LOL
Hector? ME? ha HA!! More like Odysseus :p
LordEldgrimr speaking of Odysseus,would you test bone armour?(Odysseus was said to have a boar's tusk helmet)
In that setting, I'd be that guy who jumped first out of the Trojan Horse and died falling... ;) but I like the idea. Might as well throw Nestor into it for lolz.
RubberKidney -
LOL
Can't underestimate the power of bronze.
Very true! Thanks to the fine craftsmanship of Neil!
ThegnThrand is your test skull ballistic gel and a coconut XD
Justin Light Yes it is and the better versions we make now include PVC spine and jaw. The old ones had hard wood joints which no sword has proven to cut through so they have been modified not to contain inferior joints that separate anyway.
Awesome to see one of these in action. I've seen Skall's tests with the Ewart Park, chopping wood, but it's awesome to see what it could do to a human target. I also had no idea about iron being a cheaper go-to, I always figured it was stronger. I hope I get my hands on of his Khopesh blades someday.
Also, what is that outro song? I need to know.
Check out Neil's site he will work with you and has excellent prices for individuals that just really want to own a piece of history.
www.bronze-age-craft.com/
Good to see Eldgrim gets to have some fun in this video lol. Beautiful swords, looking forward to them in future videos!
We will be back with many videos this weekend have had an outside project.
I've been drooling over Neil swords for a long time now... I really like the design you've got.
The Naue II was one of the longest used designs of any sword in history spanning the bronze age in to the iron age. We literately fell in love with them the feel in the hand and balance is superb. For those who have not been to his site the swords are are very affordable. www.bronze-age-craft.com/
I think the videos are very cool, it seems that you know what you are doing with weapon technique so I ask if you could apply some more footwork with the cuts and step into them rather than a more stationary hack. I would love to see that to get some perhaps even more realistic historical evidence.
I could use a bit more foot work but trying to see how well they hit from a shield style guard type natural attack. I was going to break out the aspis or hoplite shield but thought it might get in the way of seeing the strike and and results some.
We will be back and test theses much more as well as go over some combat techniques and recreation of bronze age combat.
Awesome ,are you still going to do Ewok vs Na'vi?
We have done rough draft concept but have not come to finished out line yet mostly been talking about episode.
ThegnThrand I hope to see it in the future brother!
SlingshotWarrrior
We do plan on making it! It started as joking about it after you said but working it into an episode would be interesting and it appears people love the Fantasy themes after the success of this video!
ThegnThrand I agree ,but its cool and I just can't wait to see it.
Beautiful reproduction! I totally want one. (: Those cuts are so gnarly!!!
I would love to see you do some ballistic testing with a Greek iron xiphos sword, and Iberian falcata!
Also, that's a nice jacket, Thrand, I have one of the same style. Like the beard, Eldgrim!
Thank you and will see if Neil sends us some in the future.
LOL thanks! Seems like the beard has become a part of my costume. I remember shaving it off for an important meeting I had a few months ago, and in the same day we were filming an episode for the channel. Needless to say, the reaction we got on the comments thread for that video was a mixture a disappointment and outrage that I shaved my beard off.
LordEldgrimr
:D
LordEldgrimr Hahah! People love them some beard. (: Looks good on ya.
Another wonderful video, thanks guys! I'm going out tomorrow with my ZT Vakra Kukri, I'll be sure to send you guys a link when I'm done :D
Thanks and looking forward to seeing it :D
ThegnThrand Well the guy with the camera just called and said he threw his back out last night bowling and probably wouldn't make it. We rescheduled for next weekend. I'll definitely make sure you guys see it though. As always, looking forward to the next video!
One thing I haven't heard touched on much is the unarmed techniques the vikings may have used? How did they scrap once they got disarmed, or perhaps attacked away from their group? I guess there's probably not much information regarding this, but I'd be interested to hear what opinions you guys might have on:
1) Unarmed when disarmed in group combat
2) Unarmed when 1v1
Why they are unarmed makes no matter. Maybe they were going for the morning piss, or maybe they got their sword stuck in a skull that turned away too quickly, I just wanna know what kind of blows these guys were throwing.
The Viking employed a open hand style very similar to mix of Jujitsu with MMA sort of thing I assume we have Glima as sport that surives from the viking age much like Judo but the original style with no rules is very brutal form of wrestling akin to Jujutsu that incorporates different punches, kicks strikes, arms locks and leg locks as well as cokes.
Excellent answer, thanks guys, I've got to look into Glima
Elgrims sword bent on his second strike. I believe it's the coconut that did that. I guess that's where bronze's limitation shows. It just goes to show how much more advance iron and steel swords that came after were.
Bronze wasn't actually cheaper than iron during the transitional period, in fact iron was alot more common and easier to find, but it took a while for forging techniques to be developed to actually make iron sturdier and hold a better edge than bronze.
In short, iron in general was cheap, but high quality weapons of either bronze or iron were expensive and rare.
I do love me my bronze, you dont have any bronze axe testing do you?
Damn, now I'm jealous.
I am way jelly
anyone else see his sword bend?
If you notice, the two hard hits bent the sword instantly. Not sure why they didn't show that. In a battle, if you didn't have some kind of technique to not have them bend all the time, you'd be walking around with a sideways sickle after the first couple of hits. "Impressive" would not be the word I'd use.
All swords even early pattern welded swords and old Katana bend only modern crucible or uniform spring style style tempered steel springs back to shape instantly. This is bronze just like iron, early steel and copper all bend. That is much better than breaking these are way harder than you would imagine. The bending is normal and they hardly bent and were easily straightened. The exception to early swords not bending and springing back would be the Ulfburt Viking age sword no other sword early period was spring tempered or could be to that degree until the 1900's. The early swords could have slight temper but will still bend under extreme force and require straightening this is normal.
ThegnThrand
Yea, of course it is normal; it's just that a review of a sword in my opinion should at least comment on the fact that a single chopping blow made it look like a pretzel. That is definitely relevant for our knowledge about the way it was used - for example: the material may dictate low likelihood that chopping and swing cutting was the primary mode of use, simply because thrust may have bent the weapon less often. The hilt corroborates this assumption by seemingly being designed primarily for thrusting and push/draw cutting:
1) no hand guard means less likelihood of hooking things like shields, clothing etc. on the way to the target in a thrust. There is just enough ridge to prevent sliding onto the blade, but not much more.
2) limitation to a hammer-style means very little wrist motion and "flicking", which doesn't really prevent thrust, but sucks for a chop or swing cut, because you need the ability to allow the blade to both use that throwing-type momentum to deliver more force, but also to dissipate the energy without wearing down your wrist in case of a miss.
3) the large pommel helps with retracting a weapon stuck tip-first in armor/clothes/flesh or a draw cut. It is of no real use for chopping or swing cutting - as we mentioned, it limits us to a hammer-style grip, so it is a pain in the ass, if anything.
To summarize: if you held a shield in one hand and did mostly thrust work with the weapon, the hilt would lock your fist and help with the thrust and the pommel would help with retraction of the blade, while not snagging on stuf on the way to and from the enemy. To top that off, there may be less bending involved in a thrust, eliminating some of the negatives of the material, while keeping the positives: the thing won't rust and get stuck in the scabbard. Roman gladius style fighting comes to mind. So yea, the sword seems awesome, IF you use it primarily as a thruster.
This is just my speculation and could be totally wrong - but that's why I watch you guys to tell me your thoughts about it. The pretzel blade becomes relevant, at least as a no-big-deal kind of comment somewhere in there. Your knowledge of the period, the armor, the equipment etc. is also super relevant here. When I look at the vid as is, it seems like a commercial for the guy making the sword and a bad one at that.
AlwaysReason Well apparently you did not see my actual video testing of this blade and it has been out for some time. I say everything you just said and explain it in more detail and test it out. We did the test in this video on one of our analog heads and had not even planned on doing. It was made for a another weapons test. Got the swords in an Eldgrim suggested it. Neil had menttioned he wanted to see used on one of our analog Ivar draugr heads harder than actual human heads by the way by 120%
So I have no idea why you even posted this. Here is my video and explains my interpretation of the blade and how it was used.
Naue II Mycenaean Bronze Sword Tests
th-cam.com/video/OvqanOEiGho/w-d-xo.html
ThegnThrand
Hey just saw that vid. It's very good and does mention most of the things I thought lacked in this one. Originally I posted because I've seen a few non-critical vids on bronze lately with little actual info, so this one was just the drop that tipped the glass kindof. Thanks for responding; turns out your channel was the only one with actual info.
What was the name of that source on bronze sword styles you mentioned in that vid? Couldn't catch the spelling.
AlwaysReason They are made by Neil Burridge and he has lots of Historical information on his page which I will link. The Swords are Naue II design.
www.bronze-age-craft.com/
Bronze age combat is something that has intrested me in a long time. :-D
Please do testing in combo with a proper shield or buckler from the time period. And maybe do some push/draw cuts.
My theory is that early sword techniques evolved from the flint dagger and bronze dagger and therefore was used more like that. A flint dagger is brittle and cant be used for much hakking. And early bronze daggers and swords had handels riveted to the blade and was probably not intended for cutting in the same way as later swords. Stone and bronze axes was used in that way so they had an other weapon for the hakking technique. But when the swords got full tang they could do both techniques.
I suspect that bronze swords were used in very close up fights like a knife fight and that the swordman probaly wanted to go inn and grapple with a spearman or guy with an axe using maybe a spiked shield or buckler to bind the opponents weapon and then go in and thrust or slice the throat or back of the neck while he takes him down.
Hope you take mye humble theory in to consideration. Thank you anyway for great videos. :-D
We shall cover this in depth in upcoming videos.
You know, we met online at the Deadliest Warrior Forums when you started trying to debunk the bad history and technique on some of the standoffs and I have loved your videos ever since. *edit* gah, have my wife's acct signed in, not Jon Haynes.
Not a problem glad to still have you with us shield brother after all this time!
Beautiful swords Thrand, Steve here :p
Yes they are glad you enjoyed them we will be back with them soon and many more test and combat reconstruction.
For some reason the majority of people dislike bronze weapons because their own theory "Bronze Swords are not as sharp as steel or even iron!! Bronze is too soft to cut well..."
Let me tell you a simple answer to that theory: No, bronze swords were quite effective and cut/pierce well, some bronze swords cut just as well as steel but since it is copper/bronze it is softer than steel and iron, this does not change the fact they were blunt or just did not cut deep.
I would prefer a bronze sword over steel, not because it is better or worse, it is because it looks really nice when it is polished. I would probably never use it and just hang it on my well and look at the beauty :)
**wall
Thanks a good point I plan on showcasing just how sharp the blades are in the upcoming videos.
ThegnThrand Nice! Keep up the good work!
Bollok The Chopper
Thanks we shall!
you have iron sword?
We have a primitive wrought iron sword some where that was made by local metal smith Scary Larry for our old Spartan Deadliest Warrior episode.
Those are some nasty gashes!
We know they are good at draw cuts and thrust but figured we would really test them as cutting through bone and all to start out on some really tough analog gel heads!
Gentlemen,
We have fightbooks to teach us how later men-at-arms fought. How do we go about learning the fighting techniques of Bronze Age and Iron Age warriors?
Looking at ancient vases and art work as well as experimenting with actual weapons. I would assume these would mostly be used for thrusting but can be used to cut effectively as well. From looking at sword design it was used with a shield to block or parry blows not the sword it self to fence with. I have been reconstructing the styles from experimentation and research written accounts and test. We will see in upcoming episodes how this comes to gather. You can still use and take from basic principles from the European fight manuals and treatise as well they are still valid in body mechanics and what will work if ti applies to the weapons used.
ThegnThrand
Those wounds looked horrific. I used to not take edged weapons seriously, until you guys, Skallagrim, and Matt Eason taught me that if a guy is coming at you with a sword, you should run. Keep up the good work.
bjmccann1 Thank you and we shall!
Wow, I've seen Neil's swords from Skall's channel before but I'm still impressed every time I see them. The cutting on those really is amazing and they are just so dam..pritty lol. I love that Neil (from what I've seen of him) is a soft spoken man. In Skall's video and a few others he even has what I would call "soft hands" being rather delicate, always sorta a sedate pace. Smith in peoples minds, most think big guy smashing the hammer into metal a bunch of times, here is your sword. I like knowing about a bit about Neil, makes seeing one of his swords More impressive. Plenty of great sword makers out there but you don't get to see them, nice to know how the blade was made not just by the metal but by the man.
The swords are very awesome and very impressive as pleasure to test and we plan on doing much more with these well crafted works of antiquity.
ThegnThrand I'm really looking forward to the Iliad video, also plan to donate to you guys when spring comes around. Winter tends to leave my wallet very thin, slow time of year. I did have an idea for you though. I wondered if you would be interested in doing a discussion video about famous warriors in history, some of yours and Eldgrim's favorites. and/or discuss it with Skallagrim and Swordsage like you have before. I think everyone has their favorites and it would be fun to hear you guys talk about it knowing what you know about swords and martial arts.
I don't mean deflating the legend btw. I mean quite the opposite. Lately I've noticed that every time a historic figure of legendary status comes up. People immediately start to dismiss it or feel like they have to poke a hole in the legend. I know things get romanced and old stories take on the mythic side of things. But I think it would be really nice to have it discussed by people like yourself who know about weapons and training and fighting.
For example some video ago Ajax came up and his huge shield. That for a normal man doesn't seem practical. But for the second deadliest s.o.b. in Greece second only to Achilles, also known for his size? I saw a video last week of a guy pulling a semi truck with chains wrapped around his body lol so think along those lines but with the knowledge of how fighting is done, is it in the realm of the possible but people just dismiss it because we just think of deflating hollywood too much? Another example, I heard of a warrior in ancient china who cut through three men at once, some time later seen some one mocking that. Yet I see a video of a fairly normal size women lifting a car to save her kids. Also saw a video of a really fat guy lifting a small helicopter to save the pilot lol. Musashi fighting twelve men at once, etc etc. So the thought comes, would a legendary warrior be able to call upon that kind of strength/endurance to some degree? He certainly could get enough chances with how the ancient world was. Anyway, apologizes for the length of this comment. We Magi think too much and are very hard on the comment boxes lol. Again thanks and looking forward to whatever vids you guys make.
Midwest Mage Thank you and very good points about heroes of legend!
Now I want to make one for myself XD
The top warriors of the Iliad would of been wearing bronze plate Dendra Armour but classical Greek vases tended to depict them wearing contempory armour. Loyd has a video about how he thinks the "Linothorax" was made out of leather not linen. th-cam.com/video/oHjDMF78SDY/w-d-xo.html I think I agree with him there also seems to be a common assumption that many other organic armours are made from many layers of cloth with very little evidence also. But if you think about how long it would take to weave all that cloth on an ancient loom and spin all that thread on a spindle it could be more expensive than metallic armour. Why not press the raw material directly into felt instead that would seem to be a cheaper way of making a jack. And for padding mail you could probably get away with something made of knotted string or crocheted out of thick cord, that would retain one of the primary advantages of mail, its ventilation.
We do have evidence of early gambeson type armors being used. They would have padding even under bronze it was only 18 gauge sheets of bronze and would require padding as tight fitting as it was to work effectively.
One of my theory's good cloth was very valuable becasue of its use in armor. Just a few layers are very difficult to cut through contrary to popular belief cloth is armor and leather in many cases does not preform as well. Why I ask this in cultures were nudity was not a taboo as modern society and climates were idea why would cloth and women who could weave such cloth be so revered if it was mostly for fashion. Although it has always been a highly valued commodity. I believe cloth replaced leather armor becasue it can be washed more flexible and protective and can be combined with leather to make formidable protection. That is why I laugh at programs like Deadliest Warrior that do not take things like the Viking trousers with multiple layers of clothing and and leg wraps armor when they most indeed are and would require proper testing as thus.Cloth is just labor from slaves or loving wives to keep their husbands or sons alive a small price to pay. Most women were the ones who had to patch them up as well :D
Warbow vs Padded Gambeson
th-cam.com/video/CULmGfvYlso/w-d-xo.html
Medieval Broadhead Arrow Test - Medieval Shoppe
th-cam.com/video/ucmqglNgYoM/w-d-xo.html
Interesting has anyone compared layered cloth to felt, felt would seem to be less labour intensive and the are references to crusaders using it. I have just been browsing The Morgan Picture Crusader Bible it is curious www.themorgan.org/collection/crusader-bible/1 It shows mail shirts with integrated hoods and full mittens worn over normal clothing without padding. It does show padded armour but always worn separately, except for an ocassional neck brace and a couple worn on top of mail, like underneath the horse here www.themorgan.org/node/559/zoomify the padded armour might be early coats of plates. There are also a couple of examples of padded battle shorts on a guy on the right here www.themorgan.org/node/546/zoomify and on Goliath www.themorgan.org/node/606/zoomify with unpadded iron greaves. But presumably armor was more effective than shown in there almost every other page has some people cut to pieces. Perhaps they reasoned that if you put an effort into defending yourself most blows that get through will be light snap cuts and stabs that unpadded mail can protect you from without making you too hot.
I have heard felt was used for padding as well in helms very interesting we shall test this and its use in armor. Braided horse hair was used to make and fill gambeson too from accounts.
Yeah! Something about the look of bronze. Good stuff.
I love it my self and very fine swords!
ThegnThrand Ancient beauty.
John Ratko :D
This was an absolute awesome video! Did the blades bend at all (I thought I saw a little bit of that), also when you said you'd but them up against iron I got really worried. It would make me cry if something that gorgeous got ruined!
Yes a hair but this was an extreme test these analog heads are tougher than a real human head. We bent it back easily :D
ThegnThrand Oh yeah I figured, cause aren't there accounts of troops having to bent the swords back into place in the middle of a battle?
mavmanish Yes even in the iron age and and beginning of the steel eras :D
Looked like the swords bent quite a bit, did you have to straighten them afterwards? Would iron sword bend even more?
Copper, Iron and most pattern welded iron combined with steel will bend. Even the famed early Katana can bend early swords were not spring steel like the modern counter parts are. As for the question a wrought iron sword will bend as well. We can test this in an upcoming episode comparing wrought iron against good bronze. IT is easy to straighten and does not cause damage to it if it bends slightly. It is also normal with such swords if used like we did hitting very hard materials.
ThegnThrand Cool, thanks for the reply. Can't wait to see these get compared with iron swords :)
prowokator That was request by Niel Burridge to see them against early wrought iron swords or mild steel.
Were they bending at all during tests? I've read about gallic warriors bending their bronze swords and actually straightening the blade themselves in battle by stepping on the blade and bending it back in the right direction. Not sure how legitimate these tales are but it would be worth testing.
+Jake Williams Von Starcher This was done in the iron age as well to straighten swords.
+Jake Williams Von Starcher That was why the greeks slashed more than they stabbed. When you stab with a sword it is more likely to bend.
+Crimson Chaos that might explain some of the large leaf shaped blades and swords like the kopis which would be superior for cutting
Great video! I have a Neil Burridge sword too and I absolutely love it.
Then you would know as we do how much work and pride goes into his work!
ThegnThrand Absolutely. Speaking to him on the phone you can tell how important the quality of his work is to him and he's an absolutely lovely bloke. He was a pleasure to buy from.
andrewkgsmith
Very true!
Do you guys have any idea who disliked and why?
I have no idea no mention from anyone and we got a dislike on our reply to Dagger fighting our reply to Lindybeige. Strange we have one quite anti-fan it would seem. Wish they would let us know what they did not like about it so if it was a valid reason we could do a reply or attempt to correct the problem.
th-cam.com/video/iQYgAS_hGZM/w-d-xo.html
Heh anti-fan, good one. Gonna watch that clip for sure.
Great video, guys. What's the POB on these? Thanks!
I believe it came to be in Northern Italy
www.bronze-age-craft.com/Naue_II.htm
Thanks for the quick reply! What's the point of balance on the blade? 2 or 3 inches? Something like that?
Patrick Bishop
Will check get right back with but believe your are correct.
Thanks. I appreciate you looking into that for me!
Hey Thrand. Please don't make a "linothorax". The idea that Hellenistic Greeks used a form of armour made from multiple layers of linen glued together has been debunked. The armour they used was made of leather and was called a spolas. If you do a search on the romanarmytalk.com forum you will find in-depth discussions on this topic.
Linen used like gambeson though has been used since the history of textiles began in the civilized world. I will have to check out the article but multiple layers of good cloth is armor. Leather is much older though.
ThegnThrand yep multiple layers of linen has been used by many many cultures for a very long period of time. I just hope you weren't planning on using glue to make a linothorax, as there is absolutely no evidence for this, even though it has become a popular idea in recent times.
Stephen Curtin
We thought of sticking multiple layers of linen like gambeson to a lather backing as suggested by Barry Jacobsen.
*****
We do test cloth layers in this video against an arrow and a sword at end. We will do better episodes later on this subject!
Medieval Broadhead Arrow Test - Medieval Shoppe
th-cam.com/video/ucmqglNgYoM/w-d-xo.html
ThegnThrand hey Thrand sorry for the late reply, busy weekend. Anyway AFAIK there is no evidence for combining linen and leather in this way. When you think about it, it doesn't make much sense. Linen is great for wicking sweat away from the body. A leather backing would make for a very hot and uncomfortable textile armour.