This team are the best molecular biology animators of the world. Not only because the videos look great, but they pay a lot of emphasis in brownian motion, random collisions, molecular twitching and protein overcrowded cell compartments. Being the most accurate artist view of the molecular sized life process, duplicates the beauty. Congrats!
A los primeros 4 días después de la fecundación como se encuentran los cromosomas X provenientes del padre y de la madre ???? me podria explicar porfavor
This was absolutely amazing, with crystal clear explanation, visual and sound effects. The best educational video I have watched so far. Thank you very much!
@@michaelqiu9722 you mean it's basic for *doctors* who *specialize* in epigenetic diseases. This video DOES touch upon the very basic (general basics) of epigenetics - like DNA methylation, and nucleosome modification and remodeling.
This is blowing my mind. I dont understand like 80% of what hes saying but in highschool these are the questions I wondered but couldnt properly ask. I wanted to see. I wanted to see what was happening. Id ask questions but the teacher would look at me like I was crazy. I love watching these videos. Life is ridiculously complicated
I'm following the playlist "Biomedical Animation by wehi.tv" and I've got to say, this is one of the most amazing and beautiful things I've ever seen. Great work.
I don't see anyone else use audio as a metaphor. The sound effects makes these videos so much more engaging and accessible. I love stuff at this level of science that is meant for a wide audience. AND ITS 11 YEARS OLD!
2:55 what happens during meiosis, does the inactive X chromosome gets reactivated again? what happens during mitosis, does the inactive X chromosome gets inactivated again in the new cells?
Absolutely unbelievable. It's like magic. So hard to grasp that this evolved via stochastic processes. I do wonder if human technology will ever catch up. It's just so so far ahead of us, and took such a monumental optimization process to create.
Subscribed. Amazing stuff, but I would appreciate it if you go more into details. This is very general and I'm constantly looking for detailed descriptions.
Life is so incredibly complex. I don't think our brains are supposed to be able to understand all this, but it's fascinating that they can by naming things and understanding patterns. Compared to it, our micro-processors, CPUs, GPUs and AIs are children toys.
That's really, REALLY cool. But my question is why does the X chromosome undergo inactivation? If the female's autosomal chromosomes don't have to undergo inactivation and both of all her autosomal chromosomes can be active at the same time, then why must one of these X chromosomes be turned off?
considering that all this evolved over time by itself, seems the essence of brilliance itself, or perfection, isn't actually rooted in the idea of the miracle, or spontaneous creation, but rather the patient testing and selection of alternative possibilities, and openness to change.
Roger Levy Sorry, that assumes the conclusion. I'm open to possibilities. Though I prefer what is most probable. As you say, we are required to think about these things, we cannot learn about them by selecting our beliefs by "chance". :)
What you're saying really, is that if you have a jar of clock parts, and shake it for long enough, you may end up with a perfectly functioning timepiece? With the ability to not only write down its own plans, but also replicate itself by reading those plans. While the jar is still being shook.
That is the truly difficult part of it all. Get any (mathematical, logical or physical laws) system, then arrange it such that it does exactly what simple life/cells/DNA with RNA does. It seems to leave us with two difficult conclusions. Either the space of all possible arrangements is too large to allow for a chance, or we have to accept it as a given. The two ways to look at the requirement for the unprobable to have happened, is either that all possibilities did happen, or that one was more preferred over the other. No matter how we look at it, life is unique, and not mundane.
5:55 What directs and orchestrates this chromosomal (in-)activity in that it is purposeful executed in the cell's nucleus and that the cell's function as a whole does not fall into random chaos making it to distinction and die?
Can you explain me how does allele gene's interaction of 2 female's X chromosomes work? I mean, if, for example, haemophilla disease appears as an X-linked recessive inheritance and a dominant gene turned up to be in inactivated X chromosome, so how does recessive gene expression can be suppressed by an inactivated gene in allele chromosome?
Hi WEHI, I was wondering if someone could explain this for me! If a female has an X-linked recessive disease (say that the diseased or mutated gene was on the paternal X-chromosome), will the disease be less severe than if a male had the same disease, because half of her cells will contain active maternal X-chromosomes and inactive paternal X-chromosomes?
Yes, that's true. Males tend to experience more symptoms of the disease because they only have one X-chromosome (and thus only the mutated gene copy on this chromosome). And with many X-linked diseases, males have a higher chance of getting the disease in the first place. One little sidenote though: Males get their X-chromosome from the mother, so there is actually no "paternal X-chromosome" in males.
+Annika Victoria Yes, that is why males are very disproportionally affected by X-linked disorders such as colourblindness and haemophilia. But indeed fathers can never pass this on to their sons, only carrier daughters.
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia do Barr bodies make people attracted to men? Like woman are usually attracted to men, maybe gay men or trans women have x inactivation too. Lesbians dont have barr bodies and so on
Eat healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables. Exercise regularly, meet your friends or make some and your body would know how to repair itself and stay healthy.
bonjour Si un père ( cadet dans sa famille) qui a la calvitie et que à ses gène dans notre corps est ce que le fils est disposé à l’avoir ? Si oui y a t’il un moyen d’éviter cela ?
Thankyou for the detailed information. I liked the animation also. Can you help me solve the doubt which arised .. What happens when their is an X-linked disease in females if one of the X chromosome is inactive? We say that males are more susceptible to the X-linked diseases since they have only one X chromosome and females have another X-chromosome to overcome the defects in one X -chromosome.. So how it happens if the other X- chromosome is inactive?
Thank you so much. Very helpful (if creepy sound effects - maybe that helped the info imprint on my memory lol). At the point when the egg has both maternal and paternal X chromosomes - before methylation occurs to silence one of the Xs,: DOES Crossover occur at this point (just before the silencing)?
WEHI makes the best quality animations of this type by far! Definitely some nice artistic style and with attention to detail and accuracy. I would like to know what software is used to in the whole workflow to produce these animations?
Does the inactive gene get used as a backup in case of damage to the active one? How does RNA polymerase decide where to bind, which one strand of the double helix to read, and which direction to go?
RNA polymerase doesn't "decide" where to bind, it has an affinity to a specific short sequence of base pairs where it will always bond to. That sequence also determines which strand and what direction the polymerase will take. Due to the molecular structure of a DNA strand, the polymerase can only run in one direction; it can't go the other way around. The two strands of DNA double helix run on opposite directions; that means the polymerase goes one way transcribing one strand, and goes the other way when transcribing the other strand.
@@regulate.artificer_g23.mdctlsk thank you for the insight! Does it mean that both sides of the helix are useful for making proteins? I always thought that one side was the "master" and the other was the "consistency check/error detection and correction", otherwise proteins would have to be palindromes.
@@TheNasaDude The "sense" strand - the "master" - can be on either side of the double helix, though they're usually on one side most of the time. But they cannot be on both sides in a section of the double helix. Same for the complementary "non-sense" strand - the "consistency check". Both strands can act as the "consistency check" to one another, even errors on the non-sense strand need to be corrected.
can someone explain to me how these animations are made? are these real pictures (like stop animation) or are they just completely a computed driven animation. ?
there's a field called molecular dynamics that model how molecules behave based their physics. this video was probably made using a molecular dynamics model on a supercomputer.
Terrible background noise -- please please please get rid of it! (for those who like it: just search Soundcloud for "terrible sound" etc and play in background).
Who created us with this detail and harmony? I'm still baffled by one cell work, can't get my head wrapped around it and yet 100 billions of cell working in harmony which makes one of us a scientist, another a thief, a lawyer, doctor, a homeless, a brocker and so on and so forth. I am going crazy by all this precise detailed engineering that generates all kinds of molecular machines and regenerate itself. WOW.
Omg!!!!! Omg!!!!! Omg!!!! How do all the bits know what to do????? As an open minded agnostic…. Can anyone please tell me how the bits know what to do???? I’d be very grateful 😊 xxxxx
They don't 'know' what to do, they simply do it because of random motion. Imagine having a bunch of triangle-shaped wooden pieces on a table, and the table has a triangle-shaped hole and a circle-shaped hole. If you shook the table side-to-side, eventually, through random motion, the triangle-shaped pieces would fall through the triangle-shaped hole instead of the circle-shaped, without ever conciously aiming for either hole. (I am no expert, this is simply my understanding)
Very nice sir.....sir what about the autosomes they are also the same just like the X-chromosomes , one from father n other from mother. so my question is that is there any dosage compensation means any epigenetic mechanism? hope u get my question.
This team are the best molecular biology animators of the world. Not only because the videos look great, but they pay a lot of emphasis in brownian motion, random collisions, molecular twitching and protein overcrowded cell compartments. Being the most accurate artist view of the molecular sized life process, duplicates the beauty. Congrats!
These animations are easily the best media productions in the history of the universe. [tear drop]
fact
if we ever meet aliens, this is what they need to see first!
the frightening sounds make the video more interesting for me :)
The X inactivation is FAKE NEWS.
@@eireannsg wut
@@colejohnson4941 You can't even write proper English. No wonder you don't understand anything.
@@eireannsg Wow, you just got a lot of information out of a one word reply. Anyhow, I'm just curious as to why X inactivation is "FAKE NEWS"
10 years later, still one of the best if not THE best video with regards to X-inactivation ever!
I love the sound effects.
Splat!
Drew Berry and Etsuko Uno are gods for making this kind of animations happen. The rest of the team also does great job. Thank you!
Thanks everyone!
@mdoerkse We use Maya for animation and After Effects for compositing.
A los primeros 4 días después de la fecundación como se encuentran los cromosomas X provenientes del padre y de la madre ???? me podria explicar porfavor
This was absolutely amazing, with crystal clear explanation, visual and sound effects. The best educational video I have watched so far. Thank you very much!
I absolutely love it! A whole lecture of epigenetics in 10 minutes. Hats down!
Fantastic video! But we have more than just epigenetics here 😃👏🏽👏🏽👏🏽
Not really. You don’t know basic stuff in epigenetics like H3K27me3, Chip-seq, DNMT and TET enzymes etc.
@@michaelqiu9722 that doesn't sound like "basic stuff", you just listed names of specific proteins/DNA sequences/RNA molecules (whichever they are).
@@Gelatinocyte2 It's basic for people who study epigenetics
@@michaelqiu9722 you mean it's basic for *doctors* who *specialize* in epigenetic diseases.
This video DOES touch upon the very basic (general basics) of epigenetics - like DNA methylation, and nucleosome modification and remodeling.
The best video of epigenetic ever, no doubt!!
This was riveting. This was included in my Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression class. Absolutely fascinating to watch. Thank you!
the best animation about epigenetics...
Amazing work. I can just imagine the time take to made all this thousand atoms dynamics to work for the video.
The computer did it.
I enjoyed the lecture.
Great animation, it helped me visualize what was going on.
This is one of the best channels on TH-cam. Great information, great animation, and weird, but great sound effects as well!
This is blowing my mind. I dont understand like 80% of what hes saying but in highschool these are the questions I wondered but couldnt properly ask. I wanted to see. I wanted to see what was happening. Id ask questions but the teacher would look at me like I was crazy. I love watching these videos. Life is ridiculously complicated
Exactly!
Those sound effects! I love how they convey how squishy it all is in there. Thanks for these videos!
this is one of the best descriptions + visuals
I'm following the playlist "Biomedical Animation by wehi.tv" and I've got to say, this is one of the most amazing and beautiful things I've ever seen. Great work.
I don't see anyone else use audio as a metaphor. The sound effects makes these videos so much more engaging and accessible. I love stuff at this level of science that is meant for a wide audience. AND ITS 11 YEARS OLD!
How can one not be simply fascinated and intrigued by this? Outstanding video.
Am pushing the like button over and over again
this is the most breathtaking animation of DNA. the sounds are everything
Thank you so much! The bast animations I've seen so far...
This was a very descriptive, easy-to-understand video. Thank you
Your videos are so good! Thanks for your scientific and artistic effort!
Amazing. Is there any debate about the sound effects ? I would vote for leaving them out. Thanks.
Thank you very much! You've saved my final exam!
I love genetics and these types of videos..matter of fact I plan to present my PHD dissertation in this format.
i love the sound on this!
hands down one of the best biology videos
Excellent video, loved the combination of audio/visual effects paired with the soothing, laconic narrator .
Very good explanation and a wonderful video, thank you, congratulations.
Really like the voice-over style too.
2:55 what happens during meiosis, does the inactive X chromosome gets reactivated again? what happens during mitosis, does the inactive X chromosome gets inactivated again in the new cells?
This is a very good clip. Great in terms of animation and explanation.
This video is fraggin' awesome. Thank you so much!
Absolutely unbelievable.
It's like magic.
So hard to grasp that this evolved via stochastic processes.
I do wonder if human technology will ever catch up. It's just so so far ahead of us, and took such a monumental optimization process to create.
Amazing animations!! How lifelike they are
the sounds always really brings me into this world.
Thank you so much, WEHI!
Awesome video! I think the eerie background sound and the bad ass graphics make it so engrossing.
I absolutely love it. Thank you very much for this video
Do the histones detach from the inactive X chromosomes during mitosis (and then reattach immediately after)?
the animation and sound effects so scary - i forgot to actually listen to the spoken word. I LOVED IT!
Subscribed. Amazing stuff, but I would appreciate it if you go more into details. This is very general and I'm constantly looking for detailed descriptions.
So which comes first: histone tail modifications or de-condensation (allowing TFs and histone modifying proteins to bind)?
Life is so incredibly complex. I don't think our brains are supposed to be able to understand all this, but it's fascinating that they can by naming things and understanding patterns.
Compared to it, our micro-processors, CPUs, GPUs and AIs are children toys.
Thank you for the AWESOME video!! HELPS A LOT!!!!!!!
Awesome video and graphics!! great explanation! Thank you
That's really, REALLY cool. But my question is why does the X chromosome undergo inactivation? If the female's autosomal chromosomes don't have to undergo inactivation and both of all her autosomal chromosomes can be active at the same time, then why must one of these X chromosomes be turned off?
A really well-done video, visual and informative
Nucleosome sliding? Wow. That is amazing. The fidelity and accuracy of the system is brilliant.
considering that all this evolved over time by itself, seems the essence of brilliance itself, or perfection, isn't actually rooted in the idea of the miracle, or spontaneous creation, but rather the patient testing and selection of alternative possibilities, and openness to change.
Roger Levy Sorry, that assumes the conclusion. I'm open to possibilities. Though I prefer what is most probable. As you say, we are required to think about these things, we cannot learn about them by selecting our beliefs by "chance". :)
What you're saying really, is that if you have a jar of clock parts, and shake it for long enough, you may end up with a perfectly functioning timepiece? With the ability to not only write down its own plans, but also replicate itself by reading those plans. While the jar is still being shook.
That is the truly difficult part of it all. Get any (mathematical, logical or physical laws) system, then arrange it such that it does exactly what simple life/cells/DNA with RNA does.
It seems to leave us with two difficult conclusions. Either the space of all possible arrangements is too large to allow for a chance, or we have to accept it as a given.
The two ways to look at the requirement for the unprobable to have happened, is either that all possibilities did happen, or that one was more preferred over the other.
No matter how we look at it, life is unique, and not mundane.
@@WellThatsSilly that's not how evolution works.
how did scientists understand all these mechanisms which are so complex and invisible, thank you
Beautiful molecular animations!
absolutely love the narration and sound effects!thnx!:)
Great job on the 3D animation for this video.
Great video. Great explanation. Thank you.
Love the sound track!
5:55 What directs and orchestrates this chromosomal (in-)activity in that it is purposeful executed in the cell's nucleus and that the cell's function as a whole does not fall into random chaos making it to distinction and die?
Excellent graphics and narrative!
Can you explain me how does allele gene's interaction of 2 female's X chromosomes work? I mean, if, for example, haemophilla disease appears as an X-linked recessive inheritance and a dominant gene turned up to be in inactivated X chromosome, so how does recessive gene expression can be suppressed by an inactivated gene in allele chromosome?
OMG. I'm female, and I'm a little freaked out right now. >:O
Awesome animation, though, and a great pedagogic tool.
AMAZING. seriously, this is so useful. the animation is superb!!
Thank you very much....great explaining..
Hi WEHI, I was wondering if someone could explain this for me!
If a female has an X-linked recessive disease (say that the diseased or mutated gene was on the paternal X-chromosome), will the disease be less severe than if a male had the same disease, because half of her cells will contain active maternal X-chromosomes and inactive paternal X-chromosomes?
Yes, that's true. Males tend to experience more symptoms of the disease because they only have one X-chromosome (and thus only the mutated gene copy on this chromosome). And with many X-linked diseases, males have a higher chance of getting the disease in the first place.
One little sidenote though: Males get their X-chromosome from the mother, so there is actually no "paternal X-chromosome" in males.
+Annika Victoria Yes, that is why males are very disproportionally affected by X-linked disorders such as colourblindness and haemophilia. But indeed fathers can never pass this on to their sons, only carrier daughters.
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia what about lgbt people?
@@hugodaniel8975 Could you be more specific in your question?
@@ThePathOfEudaimonia do Barr bodies make people attracted to men? Like woman are usually attracted to men, maybe gay men or trans women have x inactivation too. Lesbians dont have barr bodies and so on
I know the colors and shapes can be abstracted away to understand what is "really going on"... can those sounds be abstracted away as well?
Loved the animations!
Eat healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables. Exercise regularly, meet your friends or make some and your body would know how to repair itself and stay healthy.
bonjour
Si un père ( cadet dans sa famille) qui a la calvitie et que à ses gène dans notre corps est ce que le fils est disposé à l’avoir ? Si oui y a t’il un moyen d’éviter cela ?
Bravo! Oncore oncore fro Aotearoa. Thank you for your amazing knowledge
Thankyou for the detailed information. I liked the animation also. Can you help me solve the doubt which arised .. What happens when their is an X-linked disease in females if one of the X chromosome is inactive? We say that males are more susceptible to the X-linked diseases since they have only one X chromosome and females have another X-chromosome to overcome the defects in one X -chromosome.. So how it happens if the other X- chromosome is inactive?
it was really helpful thank you so much
what happens to the inactive X chromosome during segregation ???? is it active or inactive ????
Thank you so much. Very helpful (if creepy sound effects - maybe that helped the info imprint on my memory lol). At the point when the egg has both maternal and paternal X chromosomes - before methylation occurs to silence one of the Xs,: DOES Crossover occur at this point (just before the silencing)?
This makes me love science even more
What is the name of that nucleosome sliding protein @4:33 ?
Nobody knows....
this is so helpful, it clears everything!
But if both X-chromosomes were active, what would happen then? Would genetical abnormity appear?
Is it possible to have gene or chromosome contribution in a child from only the mother and not the father?
No, unless it is an exact clone of the mother.
If her brother is the one who impregnates her, she could have a child that i 70% off the same genes, but that could result in unhealthy mutations.
Very informative. What are the sounds based on?
WEHI makes the best quality animations of this type by far! Definitely some nice artistic style and with attention to detail and accuracy. I would like to know what software is used to in the whole workflow to produce these animations?
Thanks a lot, I really love the video. Can you guys make another video explain more specific how one X chromosome is inactivated
Subscribed - In theory, can X-linked genetic polymorphisms potentially be “inactivated” through this mechanism?
Epicgenetics.
Absolutely fantastic video!
Does the inactive gene get used as a backup in case of damage to the active one?
How does RNA polymerase decide where to bind, which one strand of the double helix to read, and which direction to go?
RNA polymerase doesn't "decide" where to bind, it has an affinity to a specific short sequence of base pairs where it will always bond to. That sequence also determines which strand and what direction the polymerase will take. Due to the molecular structure of a DNA strand, the polymerase can only run in one direction; it can't go the other way around. The two strands of DNA double helix run on opposite directions; that means the polymerase goes one way transcribing one strand, and goes the other way when transcribing the other strand.
@@regulate.artificer_g23.mdctlsk thank you for the insight! Does it mean that both sides of the helix are useful for making proteins? I always thought that one side was the "master" and the other was the "consistency check/error detection and correction", otherwise proteins would have to be palindromes.
@@TheNasaDude The "sense" strand - the "master" - can be on either side of the double helix, though they're usually on one side most of the time. But they cannot be on both sides in a section of the double helix. Same for the complementary "non-sense" strand - the "consistency check". Both strands can act as the "consistency check" to one another, even errors on the non-sense strand need to be corrected.
@@regulate.artificer_g23.mdctlsk thankbyou for the clear explanation
Amazing compilation!!
when the view changes when the nucleosome remodeller attaches its like frodo put the ring on
Very helpful, Thank you.
What software do you use to make these? I remember there was a Maya plugin for molecular modelling, but I can't recall its name.
th-cam.com/video/qbyzEiBvbXw/w-d-xo.html
@@WEHImovies Very interesting, thanks very much sir, especially the part about alphafold
This is just awesome
this like something straight out David croninberg
The nocturnal animals have a gene in common? A human being can have this gene?
Love the sound effects !
What's with the weird sound effects? Distracting.
can someone explain to me how these animations are made? are these real pictures (like stop animation) or are they just completely a computed driven animation. ?
It is computer animation. The molecules are far too small to photograph.
The reason for the strangeness is to show how the molecules actually behave.
there's a field called molecular dynamics that model how molecules behave based their physics. this video was probably made using a molecular dynamics model on a supercomputer.
Terrible background noise -- please please please get rid of it!
(for those who like it: just search Soundcloud for "terrible sound" etc and play in background).
Who created us with this detail and harmony? I'm still baffled by one cell work, can't get my head wrapped around it and yet 100 billions of cell working in harmony which makes one of us a scientist, another a thief, a lawyer, doctor, a homeless, a brocker and so on and so forth. I am going crazy by all this precise detailed engineering that generates all kinds of molecular machines and regenerate itself. WOW.
Omg!!!!! Omg!!!!! Omg!!!! How do all the bits know what to do????? As an open minded agnostic…. Can anyone please tell me how the bits know what to do???? I’d be very grateful 😊 xxxxx
They don't 'know' what to do, they simply do it because of random motion. Imagine having a bunch of triangle-shaped wooden pieces on a table, and the table has a triangle-shaped hole and a circle-shaped hole. If you shook the table side-to-side, eventually, through random motion, the triangle-shaped pieces would fall through the triangle-shaped hole instead of the circle-shaped, without ever conciously aiming for either hole.
(I am no expert, this is simply my understanding)
Very nice sir.....sir what about the autosomes they are also the same just like the X-chromosomes , one from father n other from mother. so my question is that is there any dosage compensation means any epigenetic mechanism? hope u get my question.