Its a shame that like many of the nomadic cultures they barely wrote about their own histories, its lucky for us that they were close to the Greeks who loved writing things down.
Many more civilizations liked to write things down even more than the Greeks. It was simply the fact that the Middle Easterners in the age of Islam, who rightly considered Ancient Greeks their ancestors, preserved their works. That and the burning of the libraries in Carthage, Persepolis, Baghdad, Tyre and Alexandria resulted in a one sided history where only the Greeks get to tell the story.
@@manawa3832 The Greeks were simply the culture in that region that had the most remaining written records from the time periods. Also let's not forget when it came to Greece, the Byzantines existed up until the 15th century which was the greek speaking eastern part of the Roman Empire. So it wasn't only the Islamic cultures that preserved the greek text. Though my original point was more so on how its a shame that nomadic people groups (typically) don't have written records. The Chinese had well preserved records, The Egyptians as well. Where as the Persians had records the preservation of them faired less well. The Calaphates also had great record keeping, however they don't even exist until the 7th century C.E.
@@EmperorTakashi No, the Byzantines do not get credit for preserving Greek works. It was the Islamic civilization, with the introduction of books and a vibrant scholarly culture, that accomplished the permanent task of preserving what was left of ancient written works. Many texts were lost in the continuity of Byzantine rule. No such thing as "Greece" until a colonial British mandate. Ancient Greek peoples and Greek culture was decidedly Middle Eastern up until Europeanization following the conflict and subsequent rift between Christendom and the Islamic world.
@@manawa3832 To add to that, the Byzantines started neglecting building things and preserving works like their ancestors did because they didn't want to get attached to their pagan past I read a story about how an ancient Greek temple was converted and built into a mosque by the Ottomans in the 1800s with the approval of the Orthodox Greek Archbishop. They allowed it for the same reason.
@VeganCarnivore so pursuit of hereafter doesnt exist? its as old as the hypernym history itself lang war culture sedanter agriculture maritime silk road astronomic exploring also funne that pejorism made majusi offensiv now amelioration is dead-Goetzendaemmerung
I'm not a historian so take my words with a grain of salt. I've read over the years that the pastoral cultures of eurasian steppes were very good weavers. the color patterns in these garments resembled their clan. Over the years these colored patterns became more complex by marriage alliances between clans. the colors and patterns of one clan got mixed with the other clan and so on. This was probably important for recognition's sake. if a rider would encounter another group he could tell whether he was alligned with them or not. A shared white stripe in the middle could mean that they would be related eventhough the other colors might not match because their clans splitted a couple of generations before diversifying their woven clothes and flags etc.
@@isaackelly1294 I don't think it's that far fetched considering how far certain tribes migrated over the course of history. Is it true probably not but you can easily find Scottish writers claiming that ancestry. They do have some commonalities that are interesting.
As an equestrian and mounted archer myself, I honor the scythians so much for their impact on the world and horse culture. We overlook just how important the horse was for our civilization building somethings, but everytime I ride my horse, I remember how special this partnership truly is.
For a European, a nomad is something fabulous and magical, but in fact, nomads who deliberately led such a the brace of life in the great steppe, brought one grief, torment and destruction.
@@user-ms4cm4qf5j You're no doubt overlooking the beauty and awe that they primarily lived and experienced the majority of their days. It wasn't like they were constantly in a state of war and given that their sustenance depended solely on the availability of grass, unlike sedentary agriculturalists, they unlikely ever faced famines or food shortages. They sang, drank, danced, held festivals, cherished community, apparently led rewarding spiritual lives, etc. Arguably, they had much better lives than the overwhelming majority of cubical slaves today.
@@cletushatfield8817 A nomadic society does not produce civilizations, it does not have a wealth of resources, they move from site to site, depleting natural resources, and so on until a social or demographic catastrophe occurs. Nomadic societies were different, but this formula holds true in any case. Basically, this is a militarized version that robs the sedentary. As far as I know, for example, "Polovtsy", with the help of people living in the west of the Dnipro River, tried to create a normal version of a semi-nomadic lifestyle, with a transition to a sedentary lifestyle in winter, schedule and control of resources, as I know they even managed to organize their own blacksmith skill, but the invasion of the more eastern horde, the famous "Mongol invasion", destroyed it all.
@@cletushatfield8817 It is very difficult to explain, I myself do not know much about the history of the steppe. Those Kumans about whom I am talking did not roam much east of the Vologa River, they were not very friendly with those who were east of the Volga River, although in Wikipedia they are portrayed as one whole.
@@cletushatfield8817 In general, draw your own conclusions. As for freedom, you can live happily in a sedentary way of life, people just need to learn how to control their population.
"Philip was a military genius in his own right" Honestly, I'd argue he was the superior military leader of the two of them. He created the army Alexander used to conquer Persia, he trained most of Alexander's generals, and he had more consistent success consolidating his conquests. Heck, the plan to invade Persia was originally Philip's
And alexander was personally trained by phillip just to go even more. However what made alexander great were the strategies he used which werent the conventional form of fighting. Eg his very first battle where he hid infantry among his cavalry force and baited the enemy cavalry leaving the persian ruler open to attack. The attack failed but spooked him enougj to retreat to which the greeks recked the persian army with heavy casualties
They're both easily in the top five most skilled and dependable field marshalls ever, and they both relied on a hoard of skilled generals and other commanders. I give Phillip the slight overall edge because he mastered both warfare and diplomacy, but Alexander stands beside Ghengis Khan, Hannibal and Caesar as the most feared battle commanders ever.
I agree with your statement. Phillip II does not get the credit he deserves. He was a great king and truly loved his son Alexander and did everything he could to set him up for success.
@@geordiejones5618 I think genghis khan is wrongly placed on this list. He was a great military commander indeed, however; it was his skill at diplomacy what made him one of the greatest conquerors of all tine. His general sabutai was the one who won the mongols most of their battles and the one who invented most of the great battle tactics that carried the mongol army forward. Not all great conquerors have been amongst the greatest of generals and military strategists, many became conquerors mostly due to their political acumen.
@@jennifercenturion8273 It's a little known fact that before becoming the best general of the Mongolian Empire, Subotai made his initial fortune as a thief. And his partner in crime was the legendary "Conan of Cimmeria," who everyone knows _Became King by His own Hand!_ 😉🙂
I bought a "gnome-looking pointy hat thing" made of sheep skin in Budapest in 1996, and used it for ten years. I still have it in my wardrobe. I just gave up using it because it has become too warm in these recent mild winters. No thank you, global warming!
At the risk of sounding a bit well... I remember on TimeGhosts's WW2 channel hearing of the eventual decleration of war on Germany by Bolivia. Couldn't get the idea out of my head of Bolivian soldiers charging into battle with the steel equivelant of their dainty little bowler hats.
Those hats has a similar resembles of pileus. Yet it closer to the dacians hat called tarabostes(only chieftains an nobles wear). Also both dacians and schytians belong from the sarmatian origin.
@@user-g5hdk8a7 Pashtuns of Uthmankhel, Kurram, Tarkalani and Yusufzai dont have any steppe ancestry, they are heavily mixed with indians. But Pashtuns of North Afghanistan have 2-3% steppe ancestry.
@@postachamdi6286 Pashtoon of Great Kandahar region ( Kandahar, Helmand, urozgan, Zabul and Nimroz ) great Herat ( Herat, Farah, Badghis) and great Paktiya ( Paktiya, Paktika, Khost, Lawgar ) have heavy steppe ancestroy, you can see it in our faces, i am from Helmand by the way
I refer you to the gnome looking pointy hat thing on the seal of the US Arm y. This hat somehow through the ages became a symbol of freedom and the arms necessary to defend it. It became known I believe as the freedom cap
I'm glad you guys touched on language! Yep, the last modern remnant of the Scythian language(s) is indeed the modern Ossetian language of the Caucasus. It is spoken in the Russian republic of North Ossetia-Alania, and just over the Caucasus crest to the south in the breakaway South Ossetia region of Georgia. A related linguistic relic is the minority Yaghnobi language of parts of modern Tajikistan. It is the last surviving form of the ancient and medieval Bactrian and Sogdian languages, including the language of the Khwarazmian Empire.
@@kitshuter9735 They're pretty different from, say, Standard Farsi because they have a pretty different linguistic history and have evolved away from each other. But the basic vocabulary and grammatical forms can still show that they belong to the Iranian language family. For example, the Iron Ossetian words for "head", "ear", "tooth", and "liver" are , , , and , compared to Standard Farsi , , , and
@@aaronmarks9366 But that's the issue, like we know next to nothing about their actual language. Like I've seen a couple guys calling their words similar too, then look at their genes and they're central asian.
@@kitshuter9735 Well, from a linguistic standpoint, the language data speaks for itself, since it doesn't always line up with genes. For example, a lot of Iranians share ancestry with Arabs because of intermarriage after the Islamic conquest of Iran, but their language is still clearly Indo-European, not Semitic like Arabic. Or a US example, white and black people both speak English, but have pretty different ancestries originally (of course there are many mixed-race Americans now).
@farus killer Genetically, sure. That just means that the modern Ossetians are probably ancient Svans who at some point adopted the Alan/Ossetian language from conquerors arriving from north of the Caucasus. But the language is still clearly an Iranian language, not a Kartvelian one.
I'm genuinely thankful for those subtitles that you put on your videos, English isn't my native language and sometimes I can't quite catch the things you say, so that helps a lot. Keep up the great work!
The Scythian tribe like Sacae & Massagetae that migrated to India have descendants in JAT tribe of Northern India & Pakistan. They still specialize in Agriculture & Animal husbandry and never give up the virtue of warrior as an example they are just 2% of Indian population but have largest number in Indian Army and have their own regiment in Army named after them as JAT Regiment.
Indians: Pakistan should acknowledge its Indian heritage, Hindu ancestors instead of idolizing Turks and Arabs. Also Indians: jAtTs wErE sCyThIAn aNcEStOrs!!!!!!
The Pashtuns of Afghanistan are sakas. They even have a modern tribe called Sakzai and sakazai. Fun fact western Afghanistan is called sakastan by Persians and indians.
@@thorhaxor730 Gorkha's Are The Descendants Of Rajasthani " Mewar " King Bappa Rawal And Also His Descendant Was Maharana Pratap Too, Who Fought And Defeated Mughal King Akbar ! ✌️
@@GamingStarslegends01 the queen who defeated cyrus was from the Massagetae tribe....Kazakhs formed in the 1500 ad while massagetae are from the ancient past. Sakha people didnt use the name Sakha til the soviet union renamed them. Before that they were called Uriankhai and Yakut.
@@robwalsh9843 come to Pakistan. Most of the time(say 69% of the time) they are remeniscent of their North-West Indian sedentary civilization but when they are not they go all Saka,Huna,Aryan,Parthian and Turkic up your ass. Perhaps not that good of a idea :(
The Sakas had a prosperous kingdom in Western India, currently Gujrat and North Maharashtra. Most prominent of their kings was Rudradaman. He repaired Sudarshana lake in Gujrat and at there he built a stone inscription. It was the very first stone inscription in the Sanskrit language. He was a great patron of Sanskrit and Hinduism. Along with him Nahpan and Chastana were also some of the well known Saka kings.
@@factshistory3193 They were Conquered by the first great rolling Campaign(Digvijaya) of Emperor Samudragupta of Gupta empire, they were finally finished by Candragupta-2, but ghier legacy lives on the Shaka Samvat calender in India still has thier name on it.
@@notorious9278True Maharaj Yashovarman king of Malwa in Madhya Pradesh and central Maharshtra called vidarbha defeated him along with a coalition of Indiab kings.
Please keep doing videos about nomad history. I m 31 y.o. kyrgyz woman. I completely missed out our history class because i found it boring back then. But now i m really interested to catch up with it.
@@SorinVertigo-dn8rj Kyrgyz are Mongols and horse eaters At the time of the Scythians and the Scythians, the Kyrgyz had not yet stepped from the seas to the land and had not completed their evolution. The Scythians gave their name to Sistan and Saqqez. The Parthians were part of the Scythians and their names were Persian. The Scythian language is also slightly different from Persian and Tajik and is known as the Sistani or Skaistani language.
@@SorinVertigo-dn8rj У них не было свои государства, это большевики чтобы ослабить Узбеков, из части территории Узбеков нарисовали для киргизов таджиков турмкенов казахов государства и Узбекам специально оставили маленький территория
Fun Fact, According to Iranian Mythology, the Forefather of Iranic People was a man named Fereydun who had three sons, Iraj the king of Iranians, Turaj the king of Turanians (Sakas/Modern Day Pashtuns), and Salm The king of Sarmatians.
they were human flesh eaters and they were drinking horse milk from human skulls ,epic to watch from far away behind computer screen maybe, if u have strong stomach
@Secret Politics Not of Western Europeans, but Scythians and Sarmatians left an hard genetic print on Eastern Europeans. They're still Indoeuropeans, so
@Secret Politics Well they were Indo Europeans dunno what "white" means I mean they weren't Norwegian :p but they had fair skin, blonde and red har and colored eyes
@@swampraider3488 The Alans made a huge impact on France and Britain: they intermarried with the locals and rejuvenated the ancient cavalry traditions. The personal name 'Alan' was originally given in honour of this ancestry.
@@zoetropo1 I know, I was trying to talk with those "help white supremacist!!1!!1". Yes, Scythians, Sarmatians, Slavs, Germans, Celts, Gauls and Italics are our ancestors. Fuck what others say, they don't know history
James Tod[25] writes that the tribes here alluded to are the Haihaya or Aswa, the Takshak, and the Jat or Getae; the similitude of whose theogony, names in their early genealogies, and many other points, with the Chinese, Tatar, Mogul, Hindu, and Scythic races, would appear to warrant the assertion of one common origin. Professor B. S. Dhillon states that the Jats are mainly of Indo-Scythian lineage with composite mixing of Sarmatians, Goths & Jutes in History and study of the Jats.[26] Historian James Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock.[27] Moreover, Sir Alexander Cunningham, Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, considered the Jats to be the Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) of Scythian stock who he considered very likely called the Zaths (Jats) of early Arab writers.[28] He stated "their name is found in Northern India from the beginning of the Christian era." These people were considered by early Arab writers to have descended from Meds and Zaths.[29][30] Sir Cunningham believed that they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century.[31] Stephen Fuchs suggests that the Jats probably migrated from Central Asia to India as a "predatory nomadic tribe".[32] Natalya Romanovna Guseva considered the Jats to be the descendants of the Sakas.[33] It has also been suggested that "the Rajputs proper were of mixed origin - pre-Muslim invaders such as Scythians, Bactrians, Parthians, Hunas and Gurjaras who came in before, say, the end of the 7th century."[34] Sir Alexander Cunningham, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: The Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) are very probably the Zaths (Jats) of the early Arab writers. As the Zaths were in Sindh to the west of the Indus, this location agrees very well with what we know of the settlement of the Sakas (Scythians) on the Indian frontier.[35] Sir John Marshall, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: "These Scythian invaders came principally from the three great tribes of Massagetae (great Jats), Sacaraucae, and Dahae (still exists as a Jat clan of Punjab)[36], whose home at the beginning of the second century B.C. was in the country between the Caspian sea (sea) and the Jaxartes river (Central Asia).[37] Arthur Edward Barstow wrote: "Greeks of Bactria (partly modern Afghanistan), expelled by the hordes of Scythians, entered India in the second and first centuries BC and are said to have penetrated as far as Orissa (an Indian province in south-east). Meanwhile the Medii, Xanthii, Jatii, Getae and other Scythian races, were gradually working their way from the banks of the Oxus (River valley in Central Asia) into Southern Afghanistan and the pastoral highland about Quetta (a Pakistani city), whence they forced their way by the Bolan Pass, through the Sulaiman Mountains into India, settling in the Punjab about the beginning of the first century AD. It is from these Scythian immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[38] A. H. Bingley wrote: "It is from these Scythian Immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[39] Professor Joyce Pettigrew wrote: "Another view holds that the Jats came from Asia Minor and Armenia in the successive invasions during the period 600 B.C. to A.D. 600."[40] Professor Henry Smith Williams wrote: "The extent of the Scythian invasion has been variously estimated. Some scholars believe that they virtually supplanted the previous population of India (means Punjab), and there seems little doubt that by far the most numerous section of the Punjab population is of Scythian origin."[41] Professor Pritam Singh Gill wrote: "There is a general concensus of opinion that Jats, and with them Rajputs and Gujjars were foreigners who came from their original home, near the Oxus, Central Asia."[42] Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski wrote: "The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas)/Massagetan ("great" Jat) tribes from the Syr Daria Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darian tribes; they also invaded North India."[43] Horace Arthur Rose wrote: "Many of the Jat tribes of the Punjab have customs which apparently point to non-Aryan origin. Suffice it to say that both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock. The former identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo (Greek Geographer of the ancient times) and the Jatii of Pliny (Roman writer) and Ptolemy (Another Greek Geographer of the ancient times); and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus (in Central Asia) very shortly after the Meds or Mands (still exist as one of the Jat clans of the Punjab), who also were Indo-Scythians, and who moved into the Punjab about a century before Christ."[44] Sir Henry Miers Elliot wrote: "These ignorant tribes (Jats) pointing to the remote Ghazni (Afghanistan) as their original seat, the very spot we know to have been occupied by the Yuechi, or, as Klaproth says, more correctly, Yuti, in the first centuries of our era, after the Sakas (a Scythian tribe) were repelled back from the frontiers of India, and left the country between India and Persia open for their occupation. The Jat tribes not doubt emigrated, no at all once, but at different times, and it is probable that those in the North-West are among the latest importations."[45] I. Sara wrote: "Recent excavations in the Ukraine and Crimea. The finds points to the visible links of the Jat and Scythians."[46] Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff wrote: "My conclusion, therefore, is, that the Jats may be of Scythian descent."[47] Ujagir Singh Mahil wrote: "Jat were called Scythians; because they were the inhabitants of the ancient country of Scythia. The Jats who invaded the Punjab and conquered India up to Benares were called Indo-Scythians."[48] James Francis Katherinus Hewitt wrote: "Further evidence both of the early history and origin of the race of Jats, or Getae, is given by the customs and geographical position of another tribe of the same stock, called the Massagetae, or great (massa) Getae."[49] Sir George Fletcher MacMunn (Sir and Lt. General) wrote: "Alexander came to India in his capacity as the holder of the Persian throne. From his camp near Kabul (Afghanistan), the Macedonian (Alexander) summoned those chiefs whom Skylax (Persian general) had conquered in the old time afore, to come and renew their homage to their ancient Persian overlord in the person of himself. Several obeyed his summons, others did not, and it has been surmised that those who did were later arrivals, of Jat or Scythian origin, outside the normal Aryan fold as later comers to India."[50] Syed Muhammad Latif wrote: "A considerable portion of the routed army of the Scythians settled in the Punjab, and a race of them, called Nomardy, inhabited the country on the west bank of the Indus (river). They are described as a nomadic tribe, living in wooden houses, after the old Scythian fashion, and settling where they found sufficient pasturage. A portion of these settlers, the descendants of Massagetae, were called Getes, from whom sprung the modern Jats."[51] Dr. Gopal Singh wrote: "The Jats of the Panjab, are Scythians in origin and came from Central Asia, whose one branch migrated as far south in Europe as Bulgaria. "[52] N. Singh wrote: "The Scythians appear to originate from Central Asia. They reached Punjab between 50 B.C. and A.D. 50. It seems probable that the Scythian ancestors of the Jats entered the Sindh Valley (presently in Pakistan Kashmir) between 100 B.C. and A.D. 100."[53] Satya Shrava wrote: "The Jats are none other than the Massagetae (Great Getae) mentioned in Diodorus as an off-spring of the ancient Saka tribe.... a fact now well-known."[54] Bakhshish Singh Nijjar wrote: "The Jats are the descendants of Scythians, whose kingdom's capital was Scythia, in the present Ukraine (Ukrainian), Soviet Social Republic, is the constituent Republic of the European USSR (Population 49,757,000) in 1947. Now Ukraine's capital is Kiev, the third leading city in Russia. Before the invasion of the golden herd, 13th century B.C. Scythian, ancient kingdom of indeterminate boundaries, centered in the area north of the Black Sea."[55] Rima Hooja suggests that the Jats are "probably descendants of the Scythians who entered India in early historical times".[56]
this narrative was propagated primarily by the british - we now know through genetic anthropology that no group south of the kazakh steppe has more than 1% scythian r1a or other associated scythian ydna haplogroups, which also includes jats. jats being scythians is now a rebuked larp, so jats are not descendants of scythians. jats exhibit the same r1a subclades as other indics, and thus are most likely also vedic in origin
What? Ancient aliens created our entire civilization! People driving trucks on icy roads is the only history that matters aside from aliens doing everything for us.
I just want to congratulate for this amazing effort and this magnificent video.!! Truly impressive how thw Scythians adapted and covered such large areas. Greetings from Argentina 🇦🇷
The basis of the Scythians was the Massaget and Sak tribesBy 3 AD, the Huns joined the Massagets and Saks and founded the Turkic tribes. their descendants today🇺🇿🇰🇬🇦🇿🇰🇿🇹🇷🇹🇲🤟🗿🐺⚔️👊
Scythians are awesome. I remember back in Rome Total War, if I wanted to have an easy time, I just play as them and just easily steamroll the entire eastern portion of the map. Horse archers are so OP against Seleucids, Parthia, Armenia, Pontus and Egypt.
Yup they were literally one of the most OP factions in the entire game. With those archers you could just cover the enemy in arrows, retreat back when the enemy charged,rinse & repeat. You'd lose very few casualties while doing it. The only factions in the game that could stand a chance against Sythians are the Roman's, Carthaginians,& maybe Parthia.
@@andersbjrnsen7203 Germans have very poor armored units so actually that makes them most vulnerable to arrow tips. No armor means one arrow could potentially kill you.
Well, I'm trying to write a book in which I try to include different nations, a huge empire, different peoples all around the globe and of course a main plot, and the thing is that these videos of yours are amazing! I got symbology, history and lore all together. Great inspiration, man. New sub here.
Huns were Turkic Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1] *Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2] *The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3] *In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4] *One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5] *A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6] *It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7] *Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8] *Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9] * Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10] *Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11] *Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12] *By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13] *Who are the Turkic Peoples? This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14] *The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15] *Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16] *The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17] * By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18] * The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19] *While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20] Sources: *1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files *2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177 *3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964 (Harvard University Press) *4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press) *5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332 *6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002 *7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384 *8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15 *9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25 *10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations *11-China ancient and modern-Page-55 *12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press) *13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251 *14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings *15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73 *16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...] *17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261 *18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346 *19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202 *20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu
this is a controversial issue, most likely the author in vain marked the Scythians in all the steppes, those who are usually called Scythians were just the most western, those that settled on the lands of Ukraine, and most likely they should be perceived as exiles from the steppe
the fact is that when the golden horde captured the territory of Ukraine, they destroyed our libraries, so I advise you to be very careful about their right to any historical property
FYI: the museums in Odesa, Sevastopol, and Simpheropol (but especially the former) have outstanding collections of Scythian gold objects much of it derived from kurgan burials. The materials in Odesa are in fact dazzling.
@@user-ms4cm4qf5j The Scythians were the precursor to the warriors who came later like the Huns and the Turks. They are descended from what is called andronovo horizon they are Indo-Iranian horse nomads, Iranians speak, they have Iranian names.
For many years, I have been fascinated by the Scythians. As an old Cavalryman, I find their hit and run tactics quite appealing. I am currently building a 15mm Scythian army for tabletop use. It will be beautiful and deadly!
Great video. I find it interesting that the Skythans Greek made gold crowns would influence Korean crowns showing how interconnected the ancient world was.
@@henry-thepizzaeater-morgan704 The styling of the outer part of the crowns suggests a Korean connection with the Scytho-Iranians (Saka) through contact with people of the Eurasian steppe. The crowns are a uniquely Korean product and show no Chinese influence. The Silla crown is also notably distinct from the crown of Baekje, the crown of Gaya, and the crown of Goguryeo kingdoms. The tree motif of the crown is commonly believed to represent the idea of the world tree which was an important tenet of Siberian and Iranian shamanism.[1][2] However, some believe that the trident-like protrusions symbolize mountains or even birds. Additionally, the antler-like prongs also indicate a strong connection to Korean Shamanism or the importance of the reindeer. A crown in Afghanistan (see image) bears a strong resemblance to the other Korean crowns which is also evidence of a Scytho-Iranian connection. Additionally, the sophisticated metalworking of the crowns of Silla show that Silla gold smiths held an advanced knowledge of working with gold. Some have even theorized that these advanced goldworking techniques, such as granulation and filigree, came from the Greek or the Etruscan people, especially because Silla tumuli also contain beads and glassware which came from as far away as the Mediterranean Sea.[3] But researches and historical documents suggest a Persian connection or even origin.[4]
More interestingly, the histories and folklore of Turks, Mongols, Jurchens (now Manchus), Koreans, and Japanese record the existence of a lost ironworking tribe of eastwards-migrating nomads that they all encountered at one point or another and that may have spread knowledge of ironworking to them. The tribe was said to have remained in existence in the Japanese islands all the way to the end of the Sengoku era, after which Tokugawa persecution of the Emishi seemed to have driven them to extinction as they were categorized among the Emishi. Ironworking was one of the hallmarks of Scythian culture that all their neighbors noticed, as the Scythians were also famous (or infamous) for being able to find iron veins and exploit them, usually after persuading the locals to move away with a few friendly pokes.
@@andrewsuryali8540 Scythians are found in Northern India too . They are called jaats, and you wouldn't recognize them. They have heavily integrated into Indian Society and have lost their Central Asian Features . Some of them are still good horse riders though
12:50 Herodotus account of how Cyrus died has been disputed by some scholars questioning this version, mostly because Herodotus admits this event was one of many versions of Cyrus's death that he heard from a supposedly reliable source who told him no one was there to see the aftermath.
Weird how we only have second hand account of Cyrus's life from the Greeks. Why aren't there tons of first hand information from contemporary Persian sources? Didn't the Achaemenid empire leave written records?
@@wankawanka3053 they did lol alot in fact Iranians loved to creat artifacts or take notes from their events, but Iran/Persia have gone thru a lot of invasions including the Greeks, Arabs, Mongols, etc... Which left behind a lot of destruction of of course got rid of many things
Russia not too long ago made a historic epic film about the Scythians. It got good reviews from what I have seen from peoples' posting. I believe it's called "The last warrior." Theres another film with the same name so be careful if you decide to look for it.
Now as an Iranian, I regret it that we had wars with our nomadic Iranian cousins in central Asia. Maybe if those wars had never happened, we wouldn't see the domination of the Turkish culture in central Asia now.
Funny lad. The Turkic people that invaded you had already added the Scythians to their empires. The remnants of the Scythians are mostly in Turkic and Slavic societies. They have nothing to do with Iranians, even their language is a point of dispute.
An interesting detail about the Scythians that wasn't mentioned is that they might be the source of Greek myths about the Amazons. Modern archaeological excavations of Scythian burial mounds have found large numbers of women that were buried with weapons like the men, and in their bones evidence of war wounds & long lives spent in the saddle.
@@ladybug591 They were warriors. They were buried with weapons & armor just like male warriors, and also like the males had evidence of war wounds and lives spent in the saddle was present on their bones. Those features would not be present with camp followers. . While soldiering & warfare was typically a male occupation in the ancient world, female warriors were not completely unknown and they show up in a number of historical accounts from antiquity.
One of the Scythian tribes were conquered by another Scythian tribe. All the men were killed. The women took to the mountains and refused to take new husband's, they took their revenge on those that killed their husbands. They were the "Amazon's".
The history of the Scythian culture is widely brushed over the topic in western schools, which is sad, the horse lord's migration into Ukraine and Germany following the Danube river is important history in my opinion. Pale skin, blue eyes and red hair in some western tribes, and pale-skinned dark-haired eastern tribes mixing and interbred for millennia in the steppe the first cultural melting pot. Racial and religious equality born in the harsh steppe.
Herodotus and Hippocrates called the Turanians who drank horse milk and kumiss Scythians, the Persians called the same crew Saka, the Torah Ashkenazi, the Chinese Sak, Sai. Armenians called the Seljuks Scythians, Romans called the Konar nomads Huns, and Byzantium called the Huns TURKS. All of them have Free Women, Kumiss-Torre-Kurgan-Oath
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Again a golden documentary by the best channel on TH-cam. Many Turks believe Scythians are among their ancestors. These exciting videos will open everyone's eyes and hopefully drive people to make much more research. Thank you very much guys!!
@@bars6937 Contemporary descendants of western Scythian groups are found among various groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia, while similarities to eastern Scythian are found to be more widespread, but almost exclusively among Turkic language speaking (formerly) nomadic groups, particularly from the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages (Supplementary Note 1). Unterländer, M., Palstra, F., Lazaridis, I. et al.Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe. Nat Commun 8, 14615 (2017). In a comparison of our Tagar series with modern populations in Eurasia, we detected similarity between the Tagar group and some modern Turkic-speaking populations (with the exception of the Indo-Iranian Tajik population) (Fig 7; S2 Table). Among the modern Turkic-speaking groups, populations from the western part of the Eurasian steppe belt, such as Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region and Siberian Tatars from the West Siberian forest-steppe zone, were more similar to the Tagar group than modern Turkic-speaking populations of the Altay-Sayan mountain system (including the Khakassians from the Minusinsk basin) (Fig 7). Based on our results, we can preliminarily conclude that there was genetic continuity, at least partially, between the Early, the Middle and the Late Tagar populations. We did not find evidence of extensive gene exchange between the Tagar population and any genetically distinct (with respect to the mtDNA pool) human groups. Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC) Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, et al. (2018)Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC). PLOS ONE 13(9):
So say we all... literally. Everyone in this region isclaiming that Scythians are their ancestors: Turks, Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Iranians and so on. All true probablly.
Rostam is one of the characters in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh from the people of Saka. The name Sistan is derived from these people and many countries in eastern Iran have the word stan. The Soren family was one of these families during the Parthian period.
The format of having these constant color coded maps makes this so much more absorbable than other history channel’s videos. Keep it up guys. Well done.
The book of Colossians in the New Testament mentions Scythians as well as Barbarians. A very ancient people indeed. Thanks for the video Kings and Generals!
saka in hindhu refers to Surena of Saka tribe, later on family of surena were given a land near indus, then called as sakastan.. this is all about saka, as well as the year of saka in hindhu, it is related to the saka family of surena
@@asmrnaturecat984 Saka's are turkic people of Siberia. I think there were some pre-islamic turkic rulers somewhere in India, but they are more likely to come from Ozbekistan, my guess is they were akkoyunlu, and were budhist.
@@pritsingh9766 what does it have to do with religion? there were a lot of buddhist turkic khagans before, people can change religions overnight. but i think he was mistaken. he probably thought of sakha people today who live in yakut republic in northern russia.
By the time of the Apostle Paul, Roman and Greek culture considered the Scythians to be the lowest barbarian group which is why Paul’s words shocked his original audience when he said that the gospel makes “no distinction between Jews and Greeks, slave and free” and then he adds on at the end a final remark about gospel equality that would have upset many of the aristocracy, saying “even Sycthians” are to be seen as equal members of the Kingdom.
Your channel is just incredible all the things I’ve read about and haven’t , having it on here is just incredible. Thank you for your hard work, this is the good part of TH-cam
Also worth of remember Cyrus faced the Mesagetae twice, winning the first clash, and losing the second, but the Mesagetae whitdrew when Cambyses II send an army towards the Aral Sea region, thus begining the Persian dominion of the region
Herodotus mentioned that there are other stories about his death too And other historians who said he died in battle, didn't say anything about Tomyris or his tribe Xenophon and Strabo say he died in bed If i remember well, it was Strabo who mentioned that Cyrus defeated Scythians when he was young Ctesias says he fought Derbices/Derbikes (Iranian people who lived in Hyrcania, modern day Mazindaran) and won but died 3 days after his victory because he was wounded during the battle Another Theory says he Was killed while fighting Dahae (another group of Iranian nomad people) If he wanted to conquer another land, he would have go to war against Egypt which was a very rich kingdom and was worth conquering way more than Scythian lands Cyrus won the battle of Hyrba, battle of the Persian border, battle of Ptria, battle of Thymbra, siege of Sardis and Battle of Opis while he was out numbered by his enemies He conquered Gedrodia, Bactria, Parthia, Sogdia and reached Aral sea/lake You can take a look at Cyrus's conquests map His army was experienced enough during Cyrus's last days after all those battles and wasn't a small army anymore He even had 10 000 elite Immortals in his army who were trained since they were 5 so how can nomad Masagetaes who were only fighting themselves and didn't even have an army defeat him ?
@@ramtinfazeli5106 How do you know the Massagetae didn't have an army? And nomads have easily beaten settled armies many times throughout history. It's not strange ata ll.
@@weirdofromhalo These Iranic nomads lived in places where there wasn't to much supplies or rich lands and they had tribal lives They couldn't live in large numbers since they couldn't feed everyone Plus these tribes were at war with each other over land and food most of the times They sometimes attacked villages or cities of the Achaemenid empire in raiding parties The Achaemenid army was way larger and experienced than the first years of Cyrus's reign They were atleast 70 000-100 000 and also had 10 000 elite Immortals which were trained to kill since they were 5 Cyrus's army also had Bactrian, Parthian and Scythian cavalry units after he conquered their lands so they knew how to deal with other nomads because their battle tactics were similar If Massagetaes had an army why didn't they try to conquer a part of the east of the Achaemenid empire which was very rich ? How many Scythians could live in a tribe combined with the elders and children in 530 bc ? 2000 ? 3000 ? 4000 ? How could they beat a large, organized and experienced army with way better weapons with such small numbers ? However is true that their numbers grew after a period of time Like when Toucharians (a group of nomads who came from the north of China) went to war against the Parthian empire and gained some victories at first but were defeated at the end during the reign of Mithradates II
@@ramtinfazeli5106 You're vastly underestimating the size of nomadic tribes. When confederations came together, they could field an army nearly a hundred thousand strong, as shown by multiple Chinese records. And pastoralists don't have a need for settled wealth either. Only at times of necessity or power hungry leadership did they leave the steppe.
@@weirdofromhalo We are talking about Scythian population in 530 BC not in 200 BC or in 100 BC or after christianity when nomad Turkic tribes started to invade china and other empires and kingdoms Achaemenids had more than 100 000 (only Persians and Medians combined) soldiers even if you put other races who fought for them in their army aside They even had better weapons And this wasn't all about numbers i was mentioning other theories about Cyrus's death
Thank you for mentioning the archeological evidence of Scythian women's participation in warfare, as I feel it is often overlooked. To anyone wanting to know more, I recommend Adrienne Mayor's book The Amazons.
It's amazing how things like discrimination against women and homosexuals were introduced globally when Christianity arrived. There's so much evidence of women participating as allies and even as the greatest warriors and athletes. Also, bisexuality was completely normal in Ancient Greek where there was also democracy before going to medieval times and therefore the whole monarchy system, which quite frankly, I believe those times set us back a couple decades as human beings
@@moranii1843by tribes you mean just the tribal societies or do you think all of these had only tribal societies? Also in a lot of cases the gender relations were way more complicated than just "women are subjugated to men"
Thats because the Roman , Greek Antique , Persian egocentric world and their pride. Scythians and Etrusces etc is not well mentioned in history , their history was even oppressed until 1900 century
@@jbrev7951 That is quite a statement. Something can't be suppressed if no-one has access to digging sites, etc. Also please consider when archaeology became a 'proper' profession, taught at universities. A random person digging up sites and not documenting them destroys historical sites and the valuable lessons and insights they could have given. Those same people aren't going to tell the world about their finds either, because of the value of grave goods to be had. As with everything else - history isn't strictly black and white. Apologies for the long post!!
On the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria in 1968, a metallurgical complex dating to about 3500 BC was discovered. The most amazing was that the treated ore was not local, but imported by sea !
@mutta Thank you for the information. I read it the 1st time in an 1969 1ssue of the French magazine "Science Et Vie". But since then, I haven't found anything more on the subject. One phrase in the article stayed with me : "... that those prehistoric civilizations "were not as primitive as thought." But I'm unable to recall the name of the Bulgarian scientist who studied it. Perhaps the public lost interest in the subject because of no suggestion of erichvondanikenancientalienism in it !
@mutta They didn't miss much regarding monuments. Since despite Zahi Hawass' hard rock dogmaticks, the Egyptian paternity of the Pyramids is at best questionable. Better a simple civilization that celebrated life 😃😃😃😃😃 than a brilliant civilization that built enormous temples to death.😵💀💀💀💀😈
@mutta I recommend you the site "Ancient Origins". Although far-fetched articles are not scarce, serious studies abound. According to British author James Churchward, the Mu continent, probably the contemporary of Atlantis, that disappeared under the waves of the Pacific was in fact connected to the Indian sub-continent before it crashed into the Asiatic land mass to form the Himalayas. And the swastika was a legacy of Mu to mankind. The Vedic Scriptures are the earliest religious texts & they include the swastika even before Hinduism. And Ukraine is not that far from India. Moreover, the swastika is largely present in the US South-West Native American tribes. The US 45th Infantry Division formed with Navajo tribes had the swastika for shoulder patch. Then before going overseas to fight the nazis, it was changed into a fiery bird, which was precisely the meaning of the swastika for the Natives. I want to introduce you to the book "Earth Earliest Ages"(1876) by G.H. Pember republished 1975 at Kregel. Look forward to read you again.
I actually taught a few classmates about the Scythians today! I needed to come up with a (historical) subject to teach, and i just couldn't come up with one, until i remembered your video about the Scythians! It's a very interesting subject, and unlike ww2 and the likes, a less covered one too. Some had never heard of the Scythians
@Kosh giup They were iranic. Yes, they showed to turkic tribes how to use the horse in warfare and gave them a culture, but they were nor turkic tribes.
@@vencislavgynev8282 The Proto-Turks had already been mastering the ways of equestrianism, at the eastern end of the eurasian steppe. The only cultural similarities I can think of between Scythians and the following Turkic confederations are pastoralist nomadism with an emphasis on equestrianism and archery... I don't think they got that from the Scythians.
In this video the nomadic people that you explain it were proturkic people in all around central Asia and Eastern of central Asia. It's nothing to do with Iranian south Asian. Specially the language, their way of living such as their tent, drinks and being a horseman and the way that they are moving from one corner to another corner of central Asia with their herds and equipments..Trust me they still living that way today. Thanks
Yeah, I find them really fascinating. But the anti-nomadic bias is very deeply entrenched into our psyche. As a settled society, we just can't comprehend them, and dismiss them as something "lesser" and "barbaric". Even the ancient Greeks clearly saw nomads as something barely better than animals. It's sad that media in form of movies and TV shows, keep portraying them so poorely and inaccurately. Even the somewhat recent TV series about Mongol Empire, titled "Marco Polo" did a poor job in portraying the Mongolians. I haven't seen any Mongolian production, but having said all that, I hope that Mongolian movies portray their ancestors slightly better than we tend to do here in the West?
@@Vitalis94 I think the fact that most nomadic peoples didn't leave behind written recordings of their history/traditions enforces this image of the "barbarian marauder" even more, since we have to rely on texts that were written by settled peoples such as the Greeks/Chinese who viewed them with a strong bias.
@@Leon--- I get where it comes from. There is a prevailing bias in the Western world - a civilization without written records, or even using their own script seems barbaric to us. Also, the usage of wood as a construction materials. All throughout Eastern Europe, parts of Asia and Africa, wood was the most important building material. Obviously, wood doesn't preserve as well as stone buildings would have, so in the end, there were whole civilizations which build impressive buildings and whole cities with it, but as none of it was preserved to this day, we discard those civilizations as "lesser" or more barbaric. Which is sad, one's civilization doesn't have to leave behind written records to be sophisticated. I mean, look at the Incas. They had a heavily centralized state, which build whole, impersive cities, had this whole system of fast distrubution in place, as well as they relied heavily on bureaucrats, had their own string counting system, and all of that, but in the end, they didn't leave "real" written records, so it's deemed as "lesser".
@@rockstar450 Oh, in comparison to earlier western movies about the Mongols and nomads it did a better job, obviously. They didn't portray them as brutal genocidal barbarians, so that's all good. Yet it seemed very whitewhased to me, like I was viewing Mongols through a Western lens. Obviously, they had to make them appealing to Western audiences, but I wish they didn't do that in such a way. And armour, clothing, and few other things leave something to be desired. I also didn't like how the Mongols weren't played by the actual Mongols, but the Chinese or even non Asian actors. But it may be just me.
Literally just conquered Crimea setting a colony as rome in rome 2 and I was interested in the Scythians to the north of me. This is why I love your videos and INVICTAS sometimes they just appear like they were personally for me. Keep up the great work
14:10 Darius actually attacked Scythians from Thrace after crossing Bosphorus. The campaign took place mainly in the lands that we know today as Ukraine.
As a side note, I've read that Scythian influence extended into Celtic Europe. The Celts took to wearing trousers and adopted a cult of the head, where the heads of opposing warriors were severed and kept and sometimes displayed in notches in small standing stones.
I don't believe in Aryan theory but There is a tribe in kerala called thiyya which shows a jentics and linguistics origin in the thian sha mountains of central asia according to the linguistics the Iranian word deva is first mentioned in Sanskrit in 2 century BCE and it originated from proto indo European language 'dievo' many proto indo european language has this word with same meening which meens in english as 'shining' or divine this word changes in to thiya in central asia thiyan sha mountains that meens mountains of god/deva and one particular hindhu caste in kerala called thiya meens 'divyan' in native language malayalam wich meens in english shining or divine also practices theyyam/ daivam or god as their religious rituals and their oral folk storys and songs clearly mentions they came from somewhere else meening of the word thiyya is divine and the first place where genitics and linguistics both meet together is the beginning of the tian Sha mountains and indo-sythrians religion is an ancient greek religion and buddisam mixture and thiyyas shows an almost same mixture with hindhuism and thiyya have a rich marshel treditions in recorded history and their folk songs and fougrin records from 16th century onwards clearly shows they are the one who practiced and developed kalaripayattu to the world and thiyyar is the only hindhu warrior caste in entire india which formed 3 European colonial army regiments in their own caste name with Britishers they formed thiyya regiment and with french they formed french thiyya pattalam and with dutch they formed dutch chegons the chekars are a warrior section among thiyyas who's duty is to fight in wars and they are ethinically from Malabar north kerala and all this units are started to form in 1730s onwards and all royal force in kerala before Indian indipendance had thiyya soldiers in their force and in entire south india there is no other hindhu caste ever had a caste based army regiment with any colonial European powers but in north India Britishers started few other warrior caste army regiments also and latest gentical study from Indian government institutions like center for cellular science and molecular biology in Hyderabad also clearly shows thiyyas have central asian anciant Iranian ancestry and in sre lankan history srilankan people also consider thiya/Divya as indo sythrians and devas even german nazi seintists before Indian indipendance also came this area to study these groups but indian government is now trying to eliminate this caste people from history now all their historical records are only getting from outside sources and trying to mix with a south kerala caste called ezhava a native caste which never even allowed to take a sword or never ever participated in a royal army or a war before Indian indipendance according to the recorded history and they blocked all thiyya Wikipedia pages from 2013 and blocked remaining thiyyar pages in 2022 even the smallest caste in india has their own wiki pages thiyyas are the biggest hindhu caste in Malabar kerala and with the support of government they are changing all thiyya warriors as ezhavas and because of thiyyas fougrin origin government also trying to eliminate thiyya community from all records to localise or indianise Indian history even more deeper
The Scythians do live actually in the Hungarian folklore, as legends that talk about the time before the conquest of the Carpathians (896AD) call the people "Szittya magyarok" (Scytha Magyars), also medieval chronicles talk about the conquest as "When they second time came out from Scythia". It is "second time" because Arpad held a direct bloodline to Atilla and so his people were considered Huns and took the Carpathian Basin on the right of legacy. Folklore draws a direct line of horselords from Scythians through Huns to Hungarians.
Tomris also exists in turkish legends. Tomris means iron in old turkish language and she is grand daugter of alper tunga. As mentioned central asia is a conflux of various tribes and people were mixed and it şs very hard to talk about race. So it is not suprizing that we have shared legends
@@fanzy1338 Joseph Marquart made the connection the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) that were cited by Ptolemy 150 CE. The text from Ptolemy: "The northern regions of the country are inhabited by the Bolitai, the western regions by the Aristophyloi below whom live the Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). The southern regions are inhabited by the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), the eastern regions by the Ambautai. The towns and villages lying in the country of the Paropanisadai are these: Parsiana Zarzaua/Barzaura Artoarta Baborana Kapisa niphanda" Strabo the Greek geographer, in the Geographica (written between 43 BC to 23 AD) makes mention of the Pasiani (Πασιανοὶ), this has been identified with Afghans given that Pashto is an Eastern-Iranian language and Pashtuns resided in the area once termed Ariana. Strabo states "Most of the Scythians...each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes (Syr Darya)" Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). Johnny Cheung, reflecting on Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) and Strabo's Pasiani (Πασιανοὶ) states: "Both forms show slight phonetic substitutions, viz. of υ for ι, and the loss of r in Pasianoi is due to perseveration from the preceding Asianoi. Greece in 480. Herodotus mentions their turbans, bows, and spears, and tells that during the battle of Plataea in 479. the Arians started to live in towns; the Greek geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria (Geography 6.17.3) states that there were many towns and villages in the valley of the river, and that there were nomadic tribes who were living in the mountains. The center of the government was the palace at Artacoana, which is usually identified with the modern town of Arachosia the regions of Herât and Kandahar (Arya) Abdul hye habibi, the most eminent scholar, has given a list of Pashto words, which resemble other languages of house of Aryans. Arians lived in the country along the river Arios (the modern Hari Rûd), which is more or less identical to the Afghanistan province of Herât (Arya) Ahuramazda's special creations (Vendidad, Fargard 1.9). In Achaemenid times (ca. 550-330 B.C.E.), the surrounding district was known as Haraiva (in Old Persian), and in classical sources the region was correspondingly known as Areia. In the Zoroastrian Avesta (Yašt 10.14; Vidēvdāt 1.9), the district is mentioned as Harōiva. The name of the district and its main town is derived from that of the chief river of the region, the Hari Rud (Old Iranian *Harayu “with velocity”; compare Sanskrit Saráyu [Mayrhofer, Dictionary III, p. 443]), which traverses the district and passes just south (5 km) of modern Herat. The naming of a region and its principal town after the main river is a common feature in this part of the world. (Compare the adjoining districts/rivers/towns of Arachosia and Bactria.) the Bisotun inscription (q.v., DB 1.16) of Darius I (ca. 520 B.C.E.) They are wearing Scythian-style dress (with a tunic and trousers tucked into high boots) and a twisted turban around the head. This costume is also worn by the representatives from nearby Sistān (to the south) and Arachosia (to the southeast) strongly influenced by the Scythic cultures from the Central Asians steppes in the North. the representative from Areia is also shown wearing a long coat worn around the shoulders with empty sleeves. This type of coat is known from classical sources (Gk. kandys) and was sometimes also worn by the Persians and the Medes. The origin of this coat should be sought among the nomadic Scythians of Central Asia. (See further in Gervers-Molnár, 1973.) Herodotus (7.61 ff.) tells that Areians were listed together with the Parthians by the Achaeminians.3.89 ff.),, the Areians in Xerxes’ army were dressed in the Bactrian fashion, which means that they were wearing a Scythian-type outfit. together with ancient Bactra (modern Balḵ, the capital of ancient Bactria), and Old Kandahār, the capital of ancient Arachosia. In late 330 B.C. Alexander the Great, according to his biographers,the Areian capital that was called Artacoana (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3.25.2-6; Curtius 6. 6.33 [Artacana]; Diodorus 17.78.1 [Chortacana]; Pliny, Nat. hist. 6.61.93; Strabo 11.10.1 [Artacaena]). Areia was briefly attacked by Scythic nomads from the north (Pliny, Nat. hist. 6.47). In the following years, Areia became a frontier area between the empire of the Parthians to the west and that of the Greco-Bactrians to the east. In the late second century B.C.E. northern tribes, and Scythians (or Sakas) traversed the district of Areia;, they finally settled in nearby Sistān (Mid. Pers. skstn “Sakastān”), farther to the south. The Scythians migrated from Central Asia toward Eastern Europe. They disappeared from history after the Hunnish invasion of Europe in the 5th century AD, and Altaic (Avar, Batsange, etc.) and Slavic peoples probably assimilated most people speaking Scythian. However, in the Caucasus, a dialect belonging to the Scythian-Sarmatian linguistic continuum remains in use today, namely Pashto and Ossetic. The early Sakas or Scythians are remembered by Greek (e.g. Herodotus, Megatheses, Pliny, Ptolemy) and Persian historians as tall, large framed and fierce warriors who were unrivalled on the horse. Herodotus from the 5th century BC writes in an eye-witness account of the Scythians : " They were the most manly and law-abiding of the Thracian tribes. If they could combine under one ruler, they would be the most powerful nation on earth." According to their origin myth recorded by Herodotus, the Sakas arose when three things fell from the sky: the I. plough, II. sword and III. cup. The progenitor of the Sakas picked them up and hence the Saka race began its long history of conquering lands, releasing its bounties and enjoying the fruits of their labor (the cup has a ceremonial-spiritual-festive symbolism). A branch of the Sakas kown as the Alani reached regions of Europe, Asia Minor and the Middle East. They have been connected to the Goths of France/Spain, Saxons and the Juts of Denmark. The following sections deal mostly with popular traditions of Saka descent found among numerous Asian and European peoples. The Saka/Scythians are considered by mainstream historians and linguists as being Eastern Iranic peoples originating from the steppes of central asia and spoke a Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranic Branch of the Iranic branch of indo-iranian/Aryan family. Who were the Saka Iskuzai or Azkuzai Scythians ? The Scythians or Scyths or Saka (from Greek Óêýèçò), a nation of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who spoke an Eastern Iranic language. Saka means blood brother in Pashto and Nasaka means Step brother,Zai or Zoi/Zoy means descendant or son in Pashto.For e.g. an Afghan tribe living in Afghanistan known as the Azkazai or Sakzai means Son of Saka another example the Dawoodzai sons of David or Yusufzai sons of Joseph etc.Where did the Sakas or Sakae Or Xiongnu Huns originate from? The steppes of central asia of North Afghanistan.According to genetics and DNA tests conducted the Pashtuns of Afghanistan have the highest steppe ancestry of r1 peeking up to 70 or 80 percent Bibliography: F. R. Allchin and N. Hammond, The Archaeology of Afghanistan. Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan / Catalogue des sites archéologiques d’Afghanistan, Paris, 1982 in History of Civilizations of Central Asia III. The cross-roads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750, Paris, 1996, pp. 103-18. Veronika Gervers-Molnár, The Hungarian Szür. Une statue de Darius decouvert à Suse,” JA 260, 1972, pp. 235-66. H. Torrens, Õn a Cylinder and certain Gems, collected in the neighbourhood of Herat, by Major Pottinger,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, 1842, pp. 316-21. W. J. Vogelsang, The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire. The Eastern Iranian Evidence, Leiden, 1992. Idem, The Afghans, Oxford, 2002.
In India and Pakistan there is a big community... JAT which are Scythian....... And JATs are the people which give most soldiers (40%) to both countries and give 90% of medals in wrestling🤼♂️..... And most awarded people's are JATs..
These beyond 4k years old forgotten people are the best history subjects... when we were baby stepping out of our stone age, and yet, we had become so solicitated... so early...
The modern telling of hystory is quite off, they seem to think society started with egypt where in fact it is far older, they think that one can not cross an ocien pre age of discovery and against this is quite wrong.
Excellent work King and Generals! It would be great if you could do an episode on the Slavs. While you guys have covered Kievan Rus, it would be interesting to see you address western and southern Slavic history as well.
Is there a community called Slavs? Did you know that the word Slav comes from the word Slave? White Slave! genetically - archaeologically - linguistically and scientifically proven who they are...
Excellent history Now I know, there is a little Scythian in all of us. From Europe, Middle East, Northern India and Western China . They became us. Mystery solved and educated. Excellent video thanks 😊
This is true, they live on genetically (to an extent) through the peoples living in Eurasia today, and distantly to the peoples of Europe, Middle East, India etc., and linguistically the live on through the Ossetians and distantly to other Iranic groups.
I am from the Saki people who have Scythian roots and I know that Scythians are Indo-European in terms of face, language and culture and are very close to the Parthians.
@@vladimirthegreen6097 yes I have, but I never claimed Scythian ancestry - just stated the name of the village my mother is from is of Saka origin (believed to be).
@@AeneasGemini thanks a lot for the recommendation! I have watched that already. And no I'm not new, been on this channel before it had 50k followers, that was years ago, can't even remember when was that.
The North Indian Jat in Punjab are the descendants of Scythians they kept long unshorn hair so called Jatta-a person with long hair ,they are large people much larger and taller than common Indians even today.
@farus killer no offense taken. But that is a myth created because of haplogroups. Alan tribes living in the Caucassus region had the same haplogroups as Ossetians. People tend to compare them to early Scythian tribes, not medieval Alans, that’s why they often get this notion. You can apply this logic to pretty much everything and say that English people are mostly not Anglo Saxon but Celtic. And that Balkan people are not Slavs but Illyrians. Besides, if someone is a part of one culture for like more than a thousand years they are a part of that culture and nothing else.
@@yousafdaudzai3078 saka in pashto means blood brother and Scythians were east Iranian by language as well as ethenicy which means modern day all east Iranian by language as well as by ethenicy are one even he is pashtun,ossetians,wakhi,yagnobi or pamiri they should unite and call themself Scythians.
And also Yaghnobi. They are the only remaining northeastern Iranian languages. The sad part is they are slowly dying thanks to the politics of the countries they are in and gradual assimilation of the people.
no wonder nomads with turkic like features(like the huns, avars, bulgars, magyars, khazars) are called by the same name sometimes, Ungri.(it stuck with the Hungarians) and that they were also called Scythians when they were at the north of the Black Sea. like the Sarmathians and Iazyges once were.
The Nomadic Migration Domino Effect is one of the most interesting continuous events through all of history, in my eyes. It bridges the perceived gap between the West and East, destroys the notion that China and the West were essentially worlds apart, and allows the tracking of how a people moves throughout time, by determining when said people leaves China and arrives in Europe. The Huns are my favourite example, because their departure and arrival are recorded by two empires who were very meticulous about recording events. It also dispels the air of mystery around the nomads, especially groups such as the Vandals and Goths, who seem to have come from nowhere and descend upon Germania and Gaul and Italia like the wrath of Jupiter's bolt, where, in fact, it can be tracked where they come from, and why they migrated to and attacked Rome with such frenzy.
@@edwartvonfectonia4362 Eastern Scythians Turkic Contemporary descendants of western Scythian groups are found among various groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia, while similarities to eastern Scythian are found to be more widespread, but almost exclusively among Turkic language speaking (formerly) nomadic groups, particularly from the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages (Supplementary Note 1). Unterländer, M., Palstra, F., Lazaridis, I. et al.Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe. Nat Commun 8, 14615 (2017). In a comparison of our Tagar series with modern populations in Eurasia, we detected similarity between the Tagar group and some modern Turkic-speaking populations (with the exception of the Indo-Iranian Tajik population) (Fig 7; S2 Table). Among the modern Turkic-speaking groups, populations from the western part of the Eurasian steppe belt, such as Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region and Siberian Tatars from the West Siberian forest-steppe zone, were more similar to the Tagar group than modern Turkic-speaking populations of the Altay-Sayan mountain system (including the Khakassians from the Minusinsk basin) (Fig 7). Based on our results, we can preliminarily conclude that there was genetic continuity, at least partially, between the Early, the Middle and the Late Tagar populations. We did not find evidence of extensive gene exchange between the Tagar population and any genetically distinct (with respect to the mtDNA pool) human groups. Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC) Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, et al. (2018)Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC). PLOS ONE 13(9):
@@robwalsh9843 I am a descendant of Arpad Dynasty proven by dna tests, Almos mother where scythian called Emese and i am turk or turkic with Kipchak ancestry. And i am for sure not iranic or indian.
Me as a central asian Tajik, i can relate to this in many aspects especially facial and body features of Tajiks are exactly what you describe about scythians. even though we identify ourselves as eastern Persians, it is mostly a matter of language. but the fact that we look like more to the scythians than persians explains it all.
Greeks were in central asia before persians. Thats why blonde blue eye people exist in areas like Pamir. Then persians came mixed with greko bactrains. After all Turks came and done deal. No persians, no greeks left in central asia and became Turkestan.
@@1212-m6b stfu, there isn't even one blue eyed blonde Greek in Greece. What are you on? Do you really think Greek people are Scandinavian looking? The reason those people in Pamir mountains are blonde is due to them being kipchak-kuman Turks forcefully exiled there during Soviet times. Kipchak Turks are known to be the only Asians to have blonde hair and blue eyes.
@@1212-m6b true "Persians" came later but the natives of central Asians were Iranians (aryans) aka scythian, sakas, Massagetae etc. and that's why they have those blue green eyes and red blonde hair, not bcuz of Greeks. in fact Greeks themselves aren't that much blonde or white
@@KadirAksu28 I m saying mordern day Tajik look like a Turkic or Mongol.I m not saying Turkish Because Turkish or Turkic is Different Turkish people's mix with Greeks n Turkic mix mongol n tajik
You forgot to mention the possible link between Parni tribe and the later Arsacids (Parthians) with the Scythian/Saka People. Fun fact: The region historically known as Sistan is named after the Saka people. The original name must have been Sakestan meaning the land of Sakas. Also it seems there are some connections between Rajputs in India and Scythians.
A group of scythians may have settled in modern day sistan/balochistan province of Iran. Sistan was known as saka-stan in ancient times. Great video btw 👌
@@historyandgenes9991 Also, you must know that karachay, balkars, ossetians, bashkort people, tatar, kyrgyz, altay, uighur, kazakh, nogai, turkmen, uzbeks, sakha people, ukrainians, crimeans have the most saka-scythian genes.
The video says that the Scythian language was distantly related to Persian which is only partially true. At that time they were very close to each other and mutually intelligible. The divide between East and West Iranian languages only became prominent during the Middle Ages. In fact Scythian warlords and king Darius communicated without an interpreter.
You guys always make some of the best history content on YT. I have learned so much about history - of topics that are either known or unknown to me - from your amazing videos!
Head to keeps.com/kings to get 50% off your first order of hair loss treatment!
Any plan for exploring anglo-mysore wars or anglo-marathas wars or Kannujj tripartite struggle?
زیر نویس ایرانی😭😭😭
@@Abhishek-sr2pu Yes !!
I don't know if this is right or not, but are you actually using rise of nations soundtrack as your background music?
The more I learn about aintcient history, the more I find it fascinating.
"These gnome looking, pointy hat things" -Kings and Generals 2021
Y E S
He's getting sillier and I'm loving it
That's the official name of such head wear.
it's the actual historical name. Trust me, I'm a historian
Yes, I too wear a hat-thing
Herodotus: The scythians are a bunch of brutes and barbarians.
Scythian, totatlly high: Yeah, well, you know, that's just, like, your opinion, man.
We just like to chill out man. No need to say such things
Haha that sounds like propaganda used today.
@@subutaynoyan5372 Herodotus can still hear that ?
@@Charlesputnam-bn9zy diogenes* Mas'udi before animus is on attair hand
"The Dude" from The Big Lebowski was definitely a Scythian in an earlier life 🤣
Atteas: Invades Macedonia.
Phillip II: What are you doing steppe bro?
Nice one 😂
😂
😂😂
Kind of an inversion. Phillip was the one doing the fucking in the end.
kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
Its a shame that like many of the nomadic cultures they barely wrote about their own histories, its lucky for us that they were close to the Greeks who loved writing things down.
And that is the Great Difference between Nomadic and Settler Iranians
Many more civilizations liked to write things down even more than the Greeks. It was simply the fact that the Middle Easterners in the age of Islam, who rightly considered Ancient Greeks their ancestors, preserved their works. That and the burning of the libraries in Carthage, Persepolis, Baghdad, Tyre and Alexandria resulted in a one sided history where only the Greeks get to tell the story.
@@manawa3832 The Greeks were simply the culture in that region that had the most remaining written records from the time periods. Also let's not forget when it came to Greece, the Byzantines existed up until the 15th century which was the greek speaking eastern part of the Roman Empire. So it wasn't only the Islamic cultures that preserved the greek text. Though my original point was more so on how its a shame that nomadic people groups (typically) don't have written records. The Chinese had well preserved records, The Egyptians as well. Where as the Persians had records the preservation of them faired less well. The Calaphates also had great record keeping, however they don't even exist until the 7th century C.E.
@@EmperorTakashi No, the Byzantines do not get credit for preserving Greek works. It was the Islamic civilization, with the introduction of books and a vibrant scholarly culture, that accomplished the permanent task of preserving what was left of ancient written works. Many texts were lost in the continuity of Byzantine rule. No such thing as "Greece" until a colonial British mandate. Ancient Greek peoples and Greek culture was decidedly Middle Eastern up until Europeanization following the conflict and subsequent rift between Christendom and the Islamic world.
@@manawa3832 To add to that, the Byzantines started neglecting building things and preserving works like their ancestors did because they didn't want to get attached to their pagan past
I read a story about how an ancient Greek temple was converted and built into a mosque by the Ottomans in the 1800s with the approval of the Orthodox Greek Archbishop. They allowed it for the same reason.
As far as I'm concerned, Heracles x Snake Waifu is the only acceptable canon for the Scythian genesis.
Hercules screwed a snake?!
@@GeorgeEstregan828 Hope it wasn't a Boa constrictor.
@@GeorgeEstregan828 yes
@@GeorgeEstregan828 He takes after his father so that probably isnt surprising.
To further clarify, apparently it was Echidna
@@GeorgeEstregan828 Echidna, the mate of Typhon, according to Herodotus.
Nomadic history and society is criminally underrated. Even in the modern day this fascinating lifestyle is suppressed.
I wouldn't say suppressed more like ignored
@@teddgenn1308they were suppressed last century tho
@@Slomozau by who?
@@teddgenn1308 soviet people harmed kazakh people
"One trick Steppe ponies".......did one of the writers just become a dad!? CONGRATS!
Explains why he’s losing hair as well lol.
@VeganCarnivore so pursuit of hereafter doesnt exist? its as old as the hypernym history itself lang war culture sedanter agriculture maritime silk road astronomic exploring
also funne that pejorism made majusi offensiv now amelioration is dead-Goetzendaemmerung
@@Adhjie and that’s after editing
@@Harshharsh111 also the OP comment should include sweet(ened) mead pontic steppes
I'm not a historian so take my words with a grain of salt. I've read over the years that the pastoral cultures of eurasian steppes were very good weavers. the color patterns in these garments resembled their clan. Over the years these colored patterns became more complex by marriage alliances between clans. the colors and patterns of one clan got mixed with the other clan and so on. This was probably important for recognition's sake. if a rider would encounter another group he could tell whether he was alligned with them or not. A shared white stripe in the middle could mean that they would be related eventhough the other colors might not match because their clans splitted a couple of generations before diversifying their woven clothes and flags etc.
That's interesting! I've heard some Scottish believe they're decendants of Scythians.
@@cor4neb Its more likely that the Turks are descendents of the Scythians.
@@cor4neb what a silly thing to believe
@@isaackelly1294 I don't think it's that far fetched considering how far certain tribes migrated over the course of history. Is it true probably not but you can easily find Scottish writers claiming that ancestry. They do have some commonalities that are interesting.
@@affye3127 most likely but other small bands may have went out even further
As an equestrian and mounted archer myself, I honor the scythians so much for their impact on the world and horse culture. We overlook just how important the horse was for our civilization building somethings, but everytime I ride my horse, I remember how special this partnership truly is.
For a European, a nomad is something fabulous and magical, but in fact, nomads who deliberately led such a
the brace of life in the great steppe, brought one grief, torment and destruction.
@@user-ms4cm4qf5j You're no doubt overlooking the beauty and awe that they primarily lived and experienced the majority of their days. It wasn't like they were constantly in a state of war and given that their sustenance depended solely on the availability of grass, unlike sedentary agriculturalists, they unlikely ever faced famines or food shortages. They sang, drank, danced, held festivals, cherished community, apparently led rewarding spiritual lives, etc. Arguably, they had much better lives than the overwhelming majority of cubical slaves today.
@@cletushatfield8817 A nomadic society does not produce civilizations, it does not have a wealth of resources, they move from site to site, depleting natural resources, and so on until a social or demographic catastrophe occurs. Nomadic societies were different, but this formula holds true in any case. Basically, this is a militarized version that robs the sedentary. As far as I know, for example, "Polovtsy", with the help of people living in the west of the Dnipro River, tried to create a normal version of a semi-nomadic lifestyle, with a transition to a sedentary lifestyle in winter, schedule and control of resources, as I know they even managed to organize their own blacksmith skill, but the invasion of the more eastern horde, the famous "Mongol invasion", destroyed it all.
@@cletushatfield8817 It is very difficult to explain, I myself do not know much about the history of the steppe. Those Kumans about whom I am talking did not roam much east of the Vologa River, they were not very friendly with those who were east of the Volga River, although in Wikipedia they are portrayed as one whole.
@@cletushatfield8817 In general, draw your own conclusions.
As for freedom, you can live happily in a sedentary way of life, people just need to learn how to control their population.
"Philip was a military genius in his own right" Honestly, I'd argue he was the superior military leader of the two of them. He created the army Alexander used to conquer Persia, he trained most of Alexander's generals, and he had more consistent success consolidating his conquests. Heck, the plan to invade Persia was originally Philip's
And alexander was personally trained by phillip just to go even more.
However what made alexander great were the strategies he used which werent the conventional form of fighting.
Eg his very first battle where he hid infantry among his cavalry force and baited the enemy cavalry leaving the persian ruler open to attack. The attack failed but spooked him enougj to retreat to which the greeks recked the persian army with heavy casualties
They're both easily in the top five most skilled and dependable field marshalls ever, and they both relied on a hoard of skilled generals and other commanders. I give Phillip the slight overall edge because he mastered both warfare and diplomacy, but Alexander stands beside Ghengis Khan, Hannibal and Caesar as the most feared battle commanders ever.
I agree with your statement. Phillip II does not get the credit he deserves. He was a great king and truly loved his son Alexander and did everything he could to set him up for success.
@@geordiejones5618 I think genghis khan is wrongly placed on this list. He was a great military commander indeed, however; it was his skill at diplomacy what made him one of the greatest conquerors of all tine. His general sabutai was the one who won the mongols most of their battles and the one who invented most of the great battle tactics that carried the mongol army forward. Not all great conquerors have been amongst the greatest of generals and military strategists, many became conquerors mostly due to their political acumen.
@@jennifercenturion8273 It's a little known fact that before becoming the best general of the Mongolian Empire, Subotai made his initial fortune as a thief.
And his partner in crime was the legendary "Conan of Cimmeria," who everyone knows _Became King by His own Hand!_ 😉🙂
"Gnome looking pointy hat things." The narrator always sounds so educated and intellectual, it's always awesome when he takes a shot.
Yeah! The narrator has no idea what those "gnome looking pointy hat things" are called by the Scythians and historians. So, it's pretty funny.
Bwhahaha thought I was the only one who noticed that
I bought a "gnome-looking pointy hat thing" made of sheep skin in Budapest in 1996, and used it for ten years. I still have it in my wardrobe. I just gave up using it because it has become too warm in these recent mild winters. No thank you, global warming!
At the risk of sounding a bit well...
I remember on TimeGhosts's WW2 channel hearing of the eventual decleration of war on Germany by Bolivia.
Couldn't get the idea out of my head of Bolivian soldiers charging into battle with the steel equivelant of their dainty little bowler hats.
Those hats has a similar resembles of pileus. Yet it closer to the dacians hat called tarabostes(only chieftains an nobles wear). Also both dacians and schytians belong from the sarmatian origin.
As a half tajik and half pashtun, this history really connects to me. Thank you for this video.
me too, full Pashtoon though
@@najibullahghafori3739pashtuns or any indian group (afghan paki bengal) arent related to scythians
Are pashtoons decendents of scythians?
@@user-g5hdk8a7 Pashtuns of Uthmankhel, Kurram, Tarkalani and Yusufzai dont have any steppe ancestry, they are heavily mixed with indians. But Pashtuns of North Afghanistan have 2-3% steppe ancestry.
@@postachamdi6286 Pashtoon of Great Kandahar region ( Kandahar, Helmand, urozgan, Zabul and Nimroz ) great Herat ( Herat, Farah, Badghis) and great Paktiya ( Paktiya, Paktika, Khost, Lawgar ) have heavy steppe ancestroy, you can see it in our faces, i am from Helmand by the way
A Scythian hotbox is the only thing that can qualify as a real party to me from now onwards XD
Haha offf
If you want to make it real authentically spicy you've got to get yourself some of that soma as well
Smoke weed everyday sung in Scythian when?
where did they mention it in the video
You were predestined to be different(Romans 8:29), he who has an ear to hear, let him hear(Mark 4:9).
HALLELUYAH!(PRAISE YE YAH!)
"This gnome looking, pointy hat things" made me laugh so hard...
Timestamp?
Same. He probably tried several times to say the name but just gave up and the producers were probably not bothered at that point.
@@someguysomeone3543 5:20
it wasn't funny
I refer you to the gnome looking pointy hat thing on the seal of the US Arm y. This hat somehow through the ages became a symbol of freedom and the arms necessary to defend it. It became known I believe as the freedom cap
I'm glad you guys touched on language! Yep, the last modern remnant of the Scythian language(s) is indeed the modern Ossetian language of the Caucasus. It is spoken in the Russian republic of North Ossetia-Alania, and just over the Caucasus crest to the south in the breakaway South Ossetia region of Georgia.
A related linguistic relic is the minority Yaghnobi language of parts of modern Tajikistan. It is the last surviving form of the ancient and medieval Bactrian and Sogdian languages, including the language of the Khwarazmian Empire.
Genetically tho they don't look very iranian? Reading through a few comments I'm not sure if K&G got the language right on this one
@@kitshuter9735 They're pretty different from, say, Standard Farsi because they have a pretty different linguistic history and have evolved away from each other. But the basic vocabulary and grammatical forms can still show that they belong to the Iranian language family. For example, the Iron Ossetian words for "head", "ear", "tooth", and "liver" are , , , and , compared to Standard Farsi , , , and
@@aaronmarks9366 But that's the issue, like we know next to nothing about their actual language. Like I've seen a couple guys calling their words similar too, then look at their genes and they're central asian.
@@kitshuter9735 Well, from a linguistic standpoint, the language data speaks for itself, since it doesn't always line up with genes. For example, a lot of Iranians share ancestry with Arabs because of intermarriage after the Islamic conquest of Iran, but their language is still clearly Indo-European, not Semitic like Arabic. Or a US example, white and black people both speak English, but have pretty different ancestries originally (of course there are many mixed-race Americans now).
@farus killer Genetically, sure. That just means that the modern Ossetians are probably ancient Svans who at some point adopted the Alan/Ossetian language from conquerors arriving from north of the Caucasus. But the language is still clearly an Iranian language, not a Kartvelian one.
Thank you for this! I have always found the lacking material available on the Scythians, Thracians, Dacians, and Sarmatians to be truly criminal.
Remember, just light a beacon to call for the aid of the horse lords.
Muster the Rohirim!
have these scythians nothing to offer but these amazons?
@@aromanlegionnair5096 "Muster"
@@andreas956 ah shit..thanks for letting me know
I think if you would of light up the beacons, you could have used the horse lords to conquer Russia yourself Napoleon
I'm genuinely thankful for those subtitles that you put on your videos, English isn't my native language and sometimes I can't quite catch the things you say, so that helps a lot. Keep up the great work!
Lets remember the brave man that lost his hair in the making of these videos...
Xd
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
The Scythian tribe like Sacae & Massagetae that migrated to India have descendants in JAT tribe of Northern India & Pakistan.
They still specialize in Agriculture & Animal husbandry and never give up the virtue of warrior as an example they are just 2% of Indian population but have largest number in Indian Army and have their own regiment in Army named after them as JAT Regiment.
Indians: Pakistan should acknowledge its Indian heritage, Hindu ancestors instead of idolizing Turks and Arabs.
Also Indians: jAtTs wErE sCyThIAn aNcEStOrs!!!!!!
The Pashtuns of Afghanistan are sakas. They even have a modern tribe called Sakzai and sakazai.
Fun fact western Afghanistan is called sakastan by Persians and indians.
@@teovu5557 it isn’t surprising that the most warrior-like people of South Asia, other than the Gurkhas, are all descendent from Scythians.
@@thorhaxor730
Gorkha's Are The Descendants Of Rajasthani " Mewar " King Bappa Rawal And Also His Descendant Was Maharana Pratap Too, Who Fought And Defeated Mughal King Akbar ! ✌️
@@GamingStarslegends01 the queen who defeated cyrus was from the Massagetae tribe....Kazakhs formed in the 1500 ad while massagetae are from the ancient past. Sakha people didnt use the name Sakha til the soviet union renamed them. Before that they were called Uriankhai and Yakut.
7:43
Scythian Husband: Honey I'm off to get the milk
Scythian Wife: Getting drunk again? You never change, your barely the man I married 🙄
Skythian Husband: Whathever, woman, just light up the fire, today we'll burn that Hindu Kush weed
Skythian wife: 😳
I need to find a Scythian wife.
@@robwalsh9843 come to Pakistan. Most of the time(say 69% of the time) they are remeniscent of their North-West Indian sedentary civilization but when they are not they go all Saka,Huna,Aryan,Parthian and Turkic up your ass. Perhaps not that good of a idea :(
Whoom my father gave me to. 🤝 My father was tricked with fermented milk. 😄
@@robwalsh9843 Careful. She might loose an arrow in your butt if you misbehave. Tough customers, those Scythian warrior women.
The Sakas had a prosperous kingdom in Western India, currently Gujrat and North Maharashtra. Most prominent of their kings was Rudradaman. He repaired Sudarshana lake in Gujrat and at there he built a stone inscription. It was the very first stone inscription in the Sanskrit language. He was a great patron of Sanskrit and Hinduism.
Along with him Nahpan and Chastana were also some of the well known Saka kings.
@@factshistory3193 They were Conquered by the first great rolling Campaign(Digvijaya) of Emperor Samudragupta of Gupta empire, they were finally finished by Candragupta-2, but ghier legacy lives on the Shaka Samvat calender in India still has thier name on it.
Mihirkul was xiongnu hun and he put end to Gupta Empire until he was defeated by another king.
@@notorious9278True Maharaj Yashovarman king of Malwa in Madhya Pradesh and central Maharshtra called vidarbha defeated him along with a coalition of Indiab kings.
@@pkgpk5564 but his sonnos were defeated indians majarastras maharajas
@@factshistory3193 Right 👍🏻👍🏻
Please keep doing videos about nomad history. I m 31 y.o. kyrgyz woman. I completely missed out our history class because i found it boring back then. But now i m really interested to catch up with it.
School makes everything boring. Discovering things you didn't expect however can make anything interesting :)
@@Kempshaw kirghis are scityans tribe
@@SorinVertigo-dn8rj
Kyrgyz are Mongols and horse eaters
At the time of the Scythians and the Scythians, the Kyrgyz had not yet stepped from the seas to the land and had not completed their evolution.
The Scythians gave their name to Sistan and Saqqez. The Parthians were part of the Scythians and their names were Persian. The Scythian language is also slightly different from Persian and Tajik and is known as the Sistani or Skaistani language.
@@SorinVertigo-dn8rj У них не было свои государства, это большевики чтобы ослабить Узбеков, из части территории Узбеков нарисовали для киргизов таджиков турмкенов казахов государства и Узбекам специально оставили маленький территория
Лично мне про скифов и про саков не было скучно, когда мы проходили в школе.
На видео только про скифов из Европы.
Fun Fact, According to Iranian Mythology, the Forefather of Iranic People was a man named Fereydun who had three sons, Iraj the king of Iranians, Turaj the king of Turanians (Sakas/Modern Day Pashtuns), and Salm The king of Sarmatians.
Pashtuns are not Saka , they more Persians
Turanians are the tocharian not schytia turan were tajiks people
@@РазрушительМифов-ч2э Ancient Pashtunis were not Persians and mingled with the Gökturks
Scythian parties must have been epic. With that Mary J and mare's milk combo.
And the "Amazonian" women.
basically every men, women, children, horses and goats were high af lmao
@@d.c.8828 smoking that loud and sppin that drank
Based on primary source accounts, their culture and that of the Vikings was very similar to how GoT depicted Dothraki horsemen (except for the attire)
they were human flesh eaters and they were drinking horse milk from human skulls ,epic to watch from far away behind computer screen maybe, if u have strong stomach
Only true men of culture watch Kings and Generals before breakfast
K&G is breakfast. With a side of grain dole bread with garum.
How about during breakfast? Nothing wrong with munching on eggs and toast while learning about marauding hordes of steppe potheads.
I watched it whilst eating cereal
@@robwalsh9843 nothing wrong at all
Breakfast? It was already nearly evening when they uploaded this :D
Scythians: "I was riding across steppes over entire continents before it was cool!"
@Secret Politics Pretty sure white supremacists claim everything remotely white as their ancestor XD
@Secret Politics Not of Western Europeans, but Scythians and Sarmatians left an hard genetic print on Eastern Europeans. They're still Indoeuropeans, so
@Secret Politics Well they were Indo Europeans dunno what "white" means I mean they weren't Norwegian :p but they had fair skin, blonde and red har and colored eyes
@@swampraider3488 The Alans made a huge impact on France and Britain: they intermarried with the locals and rejuvenated the ancient cavalry traditions. The personal name 'Alan' was originally given in honour of this ancestry.
@@zoetropo1 I know, I was trying to talk with those "help white supremacist!!1!!1". Yes, Scythians, Sarmatians, Slavs, Germans, Celts, Gauls and Italics are our ancestors. Fuck what others say, they don't know history
James Tod[25] writes that the tribes here alluded to are the Haihaya or Aswa, the Takshak, and the Jat or Getae; the similitude of whose theogony, names in their early genealogies, and many other points, with the Chinese, Tatar, Mogul, Hindu, and Scythic races, would appear to warrant the assertion of one common origin.
Professor B. S. Dhillon states that the Jats are mainly of Indo-Scythian lineage with composite mixing of Sarmatians, Goths & Jutes in History and study of the Jats.[26] Historian James Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock.[27] Moreover, Sir Alexander Cunningham, Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, considered the Jats to be the Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) of Scythian stock who he considered very likely called the Zaths (Jats) of early Arab writers.[28] He stated "their name is found in Northern India from the beginning of the Christian era." These people were considered by early Arab writers to have descended from Meds and Zaths.[29][30] Sir Cunningham believed that they "were in full possession of the valley of the Indus towards the end of the seventh century.[31]
Stephen Fuchs suggests that the Jats probably migrated from Central Asia to India as a "predatory nomadic tribe".[32] Natalya Romanovna Guseva considered the Jats to be the descendants of the Sakas.[33]
It has also been suggested that "the Rajputs proper were of mixed origin - pre-Muslim invaders such as Scythians, Bactrians, Parthians, Hunas and Gurjaras who came in before, say, the end of the 7th century."[34]
Sir Alexander Cunningham, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: The Xanthii (a Scythian tribe) are very probably the Zaths (Jats) of the early Arab writers. As the Zaths were in Sindh to the west of the Indus, this location agrees very well with what we know of the settlement of the Sakas (Scythians) on the Indian frontier.[35]
Sir John Marshall, (Former Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India) wrote: "These Scythian invaders came principally from the three great tribes of Massagetae (great Jats), Sacaraucae, and Dahae (still exists as a Jat clan of Punjab)[36], whose home at the beginning of the second century B.C. was in the country between the Caspian sea (sea) and the Jaxartes river (Central Asia).[37]
Arthur Edward Barstow wrote: "Greeks of Bactria (partly modern Afghanistan), expelled by the hordes of Scythians, entered India in the second and first centuries BC and are said to have penetrated as far as Orissa (an Indian province in south-east). Meanwhile the Medii, Xanthii, Jatii, Getae and other Scythian races, were gradually working their way from the banks of the Oxus (River valley in Central Asia) into Southern Afghanistan and the pastoral highland about Quetta (a Pakistani city), whence they forced their way by the Bolan Pass, through the Sulaiman Mountains into India, settling in the Punjab about the beginning of the first century AD. It is from these Scythian immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[38]
A. H. Bingley wrote: "It is from these Scythian Immigrants that most of the Jat tribes are at any rate partly descended."[39]
Professor Joyce Pettigrew wrote: "Another view holds that the Jats came from Asia Minor and Armenia in the successive invasions during the period 600 B.C. to A.D. 600."[40]
Professor Henry Smith Williams wrote: "The extent of the Scythian invasion has been variously estimated. Some scholars believe that they virtually supplanted the previous population of India (means Punjab), and there seems little doubt that by far the most numerous section of the Punjab population is of Scythian origin."[41]
Professor Pritam Singh Gill wrote: "There is a general concensus of opinion that Jats, and with them Rajputs and Gujjars were foreigners who came from their original home, near the Oxus, Central Asia."[42]
Professor Tadeusz Sulimirski wrote: "The evidence of both the ancient authors and the archaeological remains point to a massive migration of Sacian (Sakas)/Massagetan ("great" Jat) tribes from the Syr Daria Delta (Central Asia) by the middle of the second century B.C. Some of the Syr Darian tribes; they also invaded North India."[43]
Horace Arthur Rose wrote: "Many of the Jat tribes of the Punjab have customs which apparently point to non-Aryan origin. Suffice it to say that both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian Stock. The former identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo (Greek Geographer of the ancient times) and the Jatii of Pliny (Roman writer) and Ptolemy (Another Greek Geographer of the ancient times); and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus (in Central Asia) very shortly after the Meds or Mands (still exist as one of the Jat clans of the Punjab), who also were Indo-Scythians, and who moved into the Punjab about a century before Christ."[44]
Sir Henry Miers Elliot wrote: "These ignorant tribes (Jats) pointing to the remote Ghazni (Afghanistan) as their original seat, the very spot we know to have been occupied by the Yuechi, or, as Klaproth says, more correctly, Yuti, in the first centuries of our era, after the Sakas (a Scythian tribe) were repelled back from the frontiers of India, and left the country between India and Persia open for their occupation. The Jat tribes not doubt emigrated, no at all once, but at different times, and it is probable that those in the North-West are among the latest importations."[45]
I. Sara wrote: "Recent excavations in the Ukraine and Crimea. The finds points to the visible links of the Jat and Scythians."[46]
Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff wrote: "My conclusion, therefore, is, that the Jats may be of Scythian descent."[47]
Ujagir Singh Mahil wrote: "Jat were called Scythians; because they were the inhabitants of the ancient country of Scythia. The Jats who invaded the Punjab and conquered India up to Benares were called Indo-Scythians."[48]
James Francis Katherinus Hewitt wrote: "Further evidence both of the early history and origin of the race of Jats, or Getae, is given by the customs and geographical position of another tribe of the same stock, called the Massagetae, or great (massa) Getae."[49]
Sir George Fletcher MacMunn (Sir and Lt. General) wrote: "Alexander came to India in his capacity as the holder of the Persian throne. From his camp near Kabul (Afghanistan), the Macedonian (Alexander) summoned those chiefs whom Skylax (Persian general) had conquered in the old time afore, to come and renew their homage to their ancient Persian overlord in the person of himself. Several obeyed his summons, others did not, and it has been surmised that those who did were later arrivals, of Jat or Scythian origin, outside the normal Aryan fold as later comers to India."[50]
Syed Muhammad Latif wrote: "A considerable portion of the routed army of the Scythians settled in the Punjab, and a race of them, called Nomardy, inhabited the country on the west bank of the Indus (river). They are described as a nomadic tribe, living in wooden houses, after the old Scythian fashion, and settling where they found sufficient pasturage. A portion of these settlers, the descendants of Massagetae, were called Getes, from whom sprung the modern Jats."[51]
Dr. Gopal Singh wrote: "The Jats of the Panjab, are Scythians in origin and came from Central Asia, whose one branch migrated as far south in Europe as Bulgaria. "[52]
N. Singh wrote: "The Scythians appear to originate from Central Asia. They reached Punjab between 50 B.C. and A.D. 50. It seems probable that the Scythian ancestors of the Jats entered the Sindh Valley (presently in Pakistan Kashmir) between 100 B.C. and A.D. 100."[53]
Satya Shrava wrote: "The Jats are none other than the Massagetae (Great Getae) mentioned in Diodorus as an off-spring of the ancient Saka tribe.... a fact now well-known."[54]
Bakhshish Singh Nijjar wrote: "The Jats are the descendants of Scythians, whose kingdom's capital was Scythia, in the present Ukraine (Ukrainian), Soviet Social Republic, is the constituent Republic of the European USSR (Population 49,757,000) in 1947. Now Ukraine's capital is Kiev, the third leading city in Russia. Before the invasion of the golden herd, 13th century B.C. Scythian, ancient kingdom of indeterminate boundaries, centered in the area north of the Black Sea."[55]
Rima Hooja suggests that the Jats are "probably descendants of the Scythians who entered India in early historical times".[56]
this narrative was propagated primarily by the british - we now know through genetic anthropology that no group south of the kazakh steppe has more than 1% scythian r1a or other associated scythian ydna haplogroups, which also includes jats. jats being scythians is now a rebuked larp, so jats are not descendants of scythians.
jats exhibit the same r1a subclades as other indics, and thus are most likely also vedic in origin
You guys do what the history channel should be doing. Fantastic work as always guys
True. Hope someone sponsors this team so they can develope more of their knowledge
What? Ancient aliens created our entire civilization! People driving trucks on icy roads is the only history that matters aside from aliens doing everything for us.
That's because Kings and Generals channel is run by aliens
Интересный ролик теперь нужно показать на русском языке.🤝🖐️
I just want to congratulate for this amazing effort and this magnificent video.!! Truly impressive how thw Scythians adapted and covered such large areas. Greetings from Argentina 🇦🇷
The basis of the Scythians was the Massaget and Sak tribesBy 3 AD, the Huns joined the Massagets and Saks and founded the Turkic tribes. their descendants today🇺🇿🇰🇬🇦🇿🇰🇿🇹🇷🇹🇲🤟🗿🐺⚔️👊
Scythians are awesome. I remember back in Rome Total War, if I wanted to have an easy time, I just play as them and just easily steamroll the entire eastern portion of the map. Horse archers are so OP against Seleucids, Parthia, Armenia, Pontus and Egypt.
Yup they were literally one of the most OP factions in the entire game. With those archers you could just cover the enemy in arrows, retreat back when the enemy charged,rinse & repeat. You'd lose very few casualties while doing it. The only factions in the game that could stand a chance against Sythians are the Roman's, Carthaginians,& maybe Parthia.
@@michaelweston409 how about germania? A combination of cheap pike and chosen archers should do well against horse archers?
@@andersbjrnsen7203 Germans have very poor armored units so actually that makes them most vulnerable to arrow tips. No armor means one arrow could potentially kill you.
@@michaelweston409 true, but I thought all units could be upgraded with an armourer, or is that just in medieval 1🤔
damn you two guys, now i want to install that and try the scythians, i never have. or try germania against them
Well, I'm trying to write a book in which I try to include different nations, a huge empire, different peoples all around the globe and of course a main plot, and the thing is that these videos of yours are amazing! I got symbology, history and lore all together. Great inspiration, man. New sub here.
Hi, what is title of your work? Are you about to finish?
Nothing quite like enjoying breakfast while watching a new episode of Kings & Generals.
What an amazing channel!!
Exactly. Enjoying my breakfast in a lockdown in the center of Ulaanbaatar city.
Before the Mongols, Turks, and Huns, the Scythians ruled the steppes.
Huns were Turkic
Although in the past the Huns are thought to have been Mongolian emigrants, it is far more likely that they were of Turkic origin. This point has been repeated by thousands of historians, sinologists, turcologists, altaistics, and other researchers. Let me try to state how this idea began with Sinology researchers.[1]
*Maenchen-Helfen (1973), 386-9, also thinks that these names are the Germanic or Germanicized names of Turkic Huns.[2]
*The language of the Huns has always been classified in the Turkic linguistic family.[3]
*In the 5th century A . D . the Danube Slavs had lived in symbiosis with the Turkic Huns[4]
*One of the first and most ferocious of such Asiatic (Turkic) peoples were the Huns.[5]
*A large number of many different Turkic tribes were called Huns.[6]
*It is conceivable that the Huns (Ephthalites), who irrupted into Central Asia in the early fifth century, were Turkic.[7]
*Probably a substantial group of Hunnish peoples spoke some form of Turkic, a subfamily of the Altaic languages.[8]
*Danube used by a large number of Turkic peoples - including Huns, Avars,Bulgars,Cumans.[9]
* Among them, the Vandals were East Germanic, the Suevi or 'Swabians' were Central Germanic, the Huns were Turkic, and the Alans were Iranic (like the modern Ossetians).[10]
*Also, with the various Turkic tribes on the west; especially with the Huns.[11]
*Historic Turkic kingdoms (the earliest being the Great Hun Empire from 200 B.C., which stretched from Siberia to Tibet,and the last being the Ottoman Empire founded in A.D. 1299),hinting at a racial side to Turkish identity.[12]
*By the fifth century, the last of the Tocharians was driven from the region by nomadic Huns, possibly the earliest of many subsequent waves of Tur- kic invaders in Central Asia.[13]
*Who are the Turkic Peoples?
This great family of peoples includes the Huns,Khazars,Avars and Bulgar-Turks of former times.[14]
*The principal invaders in the north were no longer the Turkic Xiongnu[15]
*Horses were vital to maintaining Han military strength against the increasing nomadic incur. sions from the Turkic Xiongnu tribal armies along the northern borders and in the northwest.[16]
*The constant incursions in the Han's northern and northwestern frontiers by the Turkic nomads known as Xiongnu (the Huns) necessitated Han military expeditions across the Pamirs into Central Asia.[17]
* By the 5th century many of the troops were barbarian foederation of Germanic, Turkic (“Huns and "Bulgars), and, perhaps, “Slavic origins [18]
* The fact that the Bulgars of Asparukh - whom we considered descendants of the Huns led by Irnikh -were Turks.[19]
*While the Hun hords of Attila that tried to conquer Europe were surely Proto-Türks.[20]
Sources:
*1- The Origins of the Huns-The History Files
*2-The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe(Cambridge University Press)-Page 177
*3-Russian Translation Series of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 1964
(Harvard University Press)
*4-Among the People, Native Yugoslav Ethnography: Selected 1982(Michigan University Press)
*5-Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes(University of Chicago Press)-Page 332
*6-Eurasian Studies Yearbook Volume 74 Eurolingua, 2002
*7-Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Un-Page 384
*8-The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer(University of California Press)-Page 15
*9-The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelth Century(University of Michigan Press)-Page 25
*10-Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations
*11-China ancient and modern-Page-55
*12-Turkey: What Everyone Needs to Know®(Oxford University Press)
*13-Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia-Page 251
*14-Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery, 1989: Staplefoods : Proceedings
*15-China: A New History, Second Enlarged Edition(Harvard University Press)-Page 73
*16-Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China ; Gansu and Ningxia, 4th - 7th Century ; [on the Occasion of the Exhibition "Monks and Merchants: Silk Road Treasures from Northwest China", Organized by the Asia Society Museum, New York, October 13, 2001 - January 6, 2002 ...]
*17-The Harvard Dictionary of Music-Page 261
*18- The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity-Page 1346
*19- The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia Volume 1-Page 202
*20-China Knowledge-Xiongnu
this is a controversial issue, most likely the author in vain marked the Scythians in all the steppes, those who are usually called Scythians were just the most western, those that settled on the lands of Ukraine, and most likely they should be perceived as exiles from the steppe
the fact is that when the golden horde captured the territory of Ukraine, they destroyed our libraries, so I advise you to be very careful about their right to any historical property
the only reason the lands west of the Dnipro River could befriend the steppes east of the Dnipro River is a common enmity towards more eastern nomads
most likely the story is that some of the nomads got tired of the insanity of what was happening in their home, went west and assimilated.
FYI: the museums in Odesa, Sevastopol, and Simpheropol (but especially the former) have outstanding collections of Scythian gold objects much of it derived from kurgan burials. The materials in Odesa are in fact dazzling.
Muscovites stole Scythian gold from Crimea and took it to Moscow after the occupation.
@@user-ms4cm4qf5j The Scythians were the precursor to the warriors who came later like the Huns and the Turks. They are descended from what is called andronovo horizon they are Indo-Iranian horse nomads, Iranians speak, they have Iranian names.
For many years, I have been fascinated by the Scythians. As an old Cavalryman, I find their hit and run tactics quite appealing. I am currently building a 15mm Scythian army for tabletop use. It will be beautiful and deadly!
🥲
Great video. I find it interesting that the Skythans Greek made gold crowns would influence Korean crowns showing how interconnected the ancient world was.
For real?
@@henry-thepizzaeater-morgan704 The styling of the outer part of the crowns suggests a Korean connection with the Scytho-Iranians (Saka) through contact with people of the Eurasian steppe. The crowns are a uniquely Korean product and show no Chinese influence. The Silla crown is also notably distinct from the crown of Baekje, the crown of Gaya, and the crown of Goguryeo kingdoms. The tree motif of the crown is commonly believed to represent the idea of the world tree which was an important tenet of Siberian and Iranian shamanism.[1][2]
However, some believe that the trident-like protrusions symbolize mountains or even birds. Additionally, the antler-like prongs also indicate a strong connection to Korean Shamanism or the importance of the reindeer.
A crown in Afghanistan (see image) bears a strong resemblance to the other Korean crowns which is also evidence of a Scytho-Iranian connection. Additionally, the sophisticated metalworking of the crowns of Silla show that Silla gold smiths held an advanced knowledge of working with gold. Some have even theorized that these advanced goldworking techniques, such as granulation and filigree, came from the Greek or the Etruscan people, especially because Silla tumuli also contain beads and glassware which came from as far away as the Mediterranean Sea.[3] But researches and historical documents suggest a Persian connection or even origin.[4]
More interestingly, the histories and folklore of Turks, Mongols, Jurchens (now Manchus), Koreans, and Japanese record the existence of a lost ironworking tribe of eastwards-migrating nomads that they all encountered at one point or another and that may have spread knowledge of ironworking to them. The tribe was said to have remained in existence in the Japanese islands all the way to the end of the Sengoku era, after which Tokugawa persecution of the Emishi seemed to have driven them to extinction as they were categorized among the Emishi. Ironworking was one of the hallmarks of Scythian culture that all their neighbors noticed, as the Scythians were also famous (or infamous) for being able to find iron veins and exploit them, usually after persuading the locals to move away with a few friendly pokes.
@@andrewsuryali8540 Scythians are found in Northern India too .
They are called jaats, and you wouldn't recognize them. They have heavily integrated into Indian Society and have lost their Central Asian Features .
Some of them are still good horse riders though
12:50 Herodotus account of how Cyrus died has been disputed by some scholars questioning this version, mostly because Herodotus admits this event was one of many versions of Cyrus's death that he heard from a supposedly reliable source who told him no one was there to see the aftermath.
Xenophon reckoned the death in battle story was bs too.
Weird how we only have second hand account of Cyrus's life from the Greeks. Why aren't there tons of first hand information from contemporary Persian sources? Didn't the Achaemenid empire leave written records?
@@SithLord2066 Most of it got destroyed by Greeks, Arabs and Mongols.
@@romanbarna1316I'd argue Mongols did most of the destruction. The other 2 had an appreciation for scholars
@@wankawanka3053 they did lol alot in fact Iranians loved to creat artifacts or take notes from their events, but Iran/Persia have gone thru a lot of invasions including the Greeks, Arabs, Mongols, etc... Which left behind a lot of destruction of of course got rid of many things
Scythians are so interesting!!!!!
nope
Yep
Russia not too long ago made a historic epic film about the Scythians. It got good reviews from what I have seen from peoples' posting. I believe it's called "The last warrior." Theres another film with the same name so be careful if you decide to look for it.
Their traditional works (clothes, scultptures, etc) sure look interesting
@@Mrkabrat Yea for sure, if you know of any service thats offering it up on stream please post back to me!
Now as an Iranian, I regret it that we had wars with our nomadic Iranian cousins in central Asia. Maybe if those wars had never happened, we wouldn't see the domination of the Turkish culture in central Asia now.
Lmao they were Indian not Iranian 😂
@@Bolter024 they were not indian.
indians are Dravidian
@@kasyakyoubfgamindikisborat 😂😂😂😂😂
hell yeA
Funny lad. The Turkic people that invaded you had already added the Scythians to their empires. The remnants of the Scythians are mostly in Turkic and Slavic societies. They have nothing to do with Iranians, even their language is a point of dispute.
Ahhhh yes. My favourite Rome total war faction the Scythians (because of the head hunting maidens) . Finally getting the spotlight they deserve
Indeed, easiest campaign I ever had was with Scythia. I bet that was how Jenkins Khan felt when he laid waste to half the world.
@@Venakis1 After he lost his ear????
An interesting detail about the Scythians that wasn't mentioned is that they might be the source of Greek myths about the Amazons. Modern archaeological excavations of Scythian burial mounds have found large numbers of women that were buried with weapons like the men, and in their bones evidence of war wounds & long lives spent in the saddle.
Prolly camp followers - most armies had them.
@@ladybug591 They were warriors. They were buried with weapons & armor just like male warriors, and also like the males had evidence of war wounds and lives spent in the saddle was present on their bones.
Those features would not be present with camp followers.
.
While soldiering & warfare was typically a male occupation in the ancient world, female warriors were not completely unknown and they show up in a number of historical accounts from antiquity.
@@lycaonpictus9662 There were if I am not wrong only 2 of them.
He literally said it on the video.
One of the Scythian tribes were conquered by another Scythian tribe. All the men were killed. The women took to the mountains and refused to take new husband's, they took their revenge on those that killed their husbands. They were the "Amazon's".
OMG, so much history one has never heard of. Thank you.
The history of the Scythian culture is widely brushed over the topic in western schools, which is sad, the horse lord's migration into Ukraine and Germany following the Danube river is important history in my opinion. Pale skin, blue eyes and red hair in some western tribes, and pale-skinned dark-haired eastern tribes mixing and interbred for millennia in the steppe the first cultural melting pot. Racial and religious equality born in the harsh steppe.
@@Purpless_ON Thanks.
Herodotus and Hippocrates called the Turanians who drank horse milk and kumiss Scythians, the Persians called the same crew Saka, the Torah Ashkenazi, the Chinese Sak, Sai. Armenians called the Seljuks Scythians, Romans called the Konar nomads Huns, and Byzantium called the Huns TURKS. All of them have Free Women, Kumiss-Torre-Kurgan-Oath
Again a golden documentary by the best channel on TH-cam. Many Turks believe Scythians are among their ancestors. These exciting videos will open everyone's eyes and hopefully drive people to make much more research. Thank you very much guys!!
@@scourgeofgodattila4366 byzantines called everyone turk north of their empire, that doesn't mean everyone up there were turk.
@@bars6937 Contemporary descendants of western Scythian groups are found among various groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia, while similarities to eastern Scythian are found to be more widespread, but almost exclusively among Turkic language speaking (formerly) nomadic groups, particularly from the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages (Supplementary Note 1).
Unterländer, M., Palstra, F., Lazaridis, I. et al.Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe. Nat Commun 8, 14615 (2017).
In a comparison of our Tagar series with modern populations in Eurasia, we detected similarity between the Tagar group and some modern Turkic-speaking populations (with the exception of the Indo-Iranian Tajik population) (Fig 7; S2 Table). Among the modern Turkic-speaking groups, populations from the western part of the Eurasian steppe belt, such as Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region and Siberian Tatars from the West Siberian forest-steppe zone, were more similar to the Tagar group than modern Turkic-speaking populations of the Altay-Sayan mountain system (including the Khakassians from the Minusinsk basin) (Fig 7).
Based on our results, we can preliminarily conclude that there was genetic continuity, at least partially, between the Early, the Middle and the Late Tagar populations. We did not find evidence of extensive gene exchange between the Tagar population and any genetically distinct (with respect to the mtDNA pool) human groups.
Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC)
Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, et al. (2018)Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC). PLOS ONE 13(9):
@@bars6937 Are you denying the world's largest genome resources like Harvard and Nature?
So say we all... literally.
Everyone in this region isclaiming that Scythians are their ancestors: Turks, Russians, Ukrainians, Poles, Iranians and so on.
All true probablly.
@@ontheline3077 dont cry please
Rostam is one of the characters in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh from the people of Saka. The name Sistan is derived from these people and many countries in eastern Iran have the word stan. The Soren family was one of these families during the Parthian period.
But Rustam was born in Kabul if i am not mistaken. Rustam predates the Persian dynasties?
The Sakas today are the Zaza Kurds.
@@hamzaferoz6162 Rustam borned in Zabul and his house come from north of Iran the house of Sam . His mother is from Kabul
@@erfancurufinwe8356 Oh. Now i understand. Thank You
@@hamzaferoz6162 your welcome
"These gnome looking pointy hat things" When you just give up finding a more scientific term and understand the viewer will get the reference
The format of having these constant color coded maps makes this so much more absorbable than other history channel’s videos. Keep it up guys. Well done.
The book of Colossians in the New Testament mentions Scythians as well as Barbarians. A very ancient people indeed. Thanks for the video Kings and Generals!
Interesting, the Hindu calendar, the National Calendar of India, is known as the 'Saka calendar' and the present year is 1943
I have not seen a reference to 'saka calendar' in Al Biruni's book on India written around 900.
saka in hindhu refers to Surena of Saka tribe, later on family of surena were given a land near indus, then called as sakastan..
this is all about saka, as well as the year of saka in hindhu, it is related to the saka family of surena
@@asmrnaturecat984 Saka's are turkic people of Siberia. I think there were some pre-islamic turkic
rulers somewhere in India, but they are more likely to come from Ozbekistan, my guess is they were akkoyunlu, and were budhist.
Serbian calendar Kolodar, and the present year 7529
@@pritsingh9766 what does it have to do with religion? there were a lot of buddhist turkic khagans before, people can change religions overnight.
but i think he was mistaken. he probably thought of sakha people today who live in yakut republic in northern russia.
By the time of the Apostle Paul, Roman and Greek culture considered the Scythians to be the lowest barbarian group which is why Paul’s words shocked his original audience when he said that the gospel makes “no distinction between Jews and Greeks, slave and free” and then he adds on at the end a final remark about gospel equality that would have upset many of the aristocracy, saying “even Sycthians” are to be seen as equal members of the Kingdom.
Your channel is just incredible all the things I’ve read about and haven’t , having it on here is just incredible. Thank you for your hard work, this is the good part of TH-cam
"Animal style" is when you grill the artifacts with mustard, cheese, and onions directly on the flat top.
I was *very* disappointed when I went into In N Out expecting a brothel. Hamburger is pretty good though too so there is that.
@@giantred Lololol.
Was wondering when I would see this reference.....spot on
If you order a protein burger animal style....that's on you
Also worth of remember Cyrus faced the Mesagetae twice, winning the first clash, and losing the second, but the Mesagetae whitdrew when Cambyses II send an army towards the Aral Sea region, thus begining the Persian dominion of the region
Herodotus mentioned that there are other stories about his death too
And other historians who said he died in battle, didn't say anything about Tomyris or his tribe
Xenophon and Strabo say he died in bed
If i remember well, it was Strabo who mentioned that Cyrus defeated Scythians when he was young
Ctesias says he fought Derbices/Derbikes (Iranian people who lived in Hyrcania, modern day Mazindaran) and won but died 3 days after his victory because he was wounded during the battle
Another Theory says he Was killed while fighting Dahae (another group of Iranian nomad people)
If he wanted to conquer another land, he would have go to war against Egypt which was a very rich kingdom and was worth conquering way more than Scythian lands
Cyrus won the battle of Hyrba, battle of the Persian border, battle of Ptria, battle of Thymbra, siege of Sardis and Battle of Opis while he was out numbered by his enemies
He conquered Gedrodia, Bactria, Parthia, Sogdia and reached Aral sea/lake
You can take a look at Cyrus's conquests map
His army was experienced enough during Cyrus's last days after all those battles and wasn't a small army anymore
He even had 10 000 elite Immortals in his army who were trained since they were 5 so how can nomad Masagetaes who were only fighting themselves and didn't even have an army defeat him ?
@@ramtinfazeli5106 How do you know the Massagetae didn't have an army? And nomads have easily beaten settled armies many times throughout history. It's not strange ata ll.
@@weirdofromhalo These Iranic nomads lived in places where there wasn't to much supplies or rich lands and they had tribal lives
They couldn't live in large numbers since they couldn't feed everyone
Plus these tribes were at war with each other over land and food most of the times
They sometimes attacked villages or cities of the Achaemenid empire in raiding parties
The Achaemenid army was way larger and experienced than the first years of Cyrus's reign
They were atleast 70 000-100 000 and also had 10 000 elite Immortals which were trained to kill since they were 5
Cyrus's army also had Bactrian, Parthian and Scythian cavalry units after he conquered their lands so they knew how to deal with other nomads because their battle tactics were similar
If Massagetaes had an army why didn't they try to conquer a part of the east of the Achaemenid empire which was very rich ?
How many Scythians could live in a tribe combined with the elders and children in 530 bc ?
2000 ? 3000 ? 4000 ?
How could they beat a large, organized and experienced army with way better weapons with such small numbers ?
However is true that their numbers grew after a period of time
Like when Toucharians (a group of nomads who came from the north of China) went to war against the Parthian empire and gained some victories at first but were defeated at the end during the reign of Mithradates II
@@ramtinfazeli5106 You're vastly underestimating the size of nomadic tribes. When confederations came together, they could field an army nearly a hundred thousand strong, as shown by multiple Chinese records.
And pastoralists don't have a need for settled wealth either. Only at times of necessity or power hungry leadership did they leave the steppe.
@@weirdofromhalo We are talking about Scythian population in 530 BC not in 200 BC or in 100 BC or after christianity when nomad Turkic tribes started to invade china and other empires and kingdoms
Achaemenids had more than 100 000 (only Persians and Medians combined) soldiers even if you put other races who fought for them in their army aside
They even had better weapons
And this wasn't all about numbers i was mentioning other theories about Cyrus's death
Thank you for mentioning the archeological evidence of Scythian women's participation in warfare, as I feel it is often overlooked. To anyone wanting to know more, I recommend Adrienne Mayor's book The Amazons.
It's amazing how things like discrimination against women and homosexuals were introduced globally when Christianity arrived. There's so much evidence of women participating as allies and even as the greatest warriors and athletes. Also, bisexuality was completely normal in Ancient Greek where there was also democracy before going to medieval times and therefore the whole monarchy system, which quite frankly, I believe those times set us back a couple decades as human beings
@@adrianrocabado5040 Lol.
@@ladybug591 Lol?
@@adrianrocabado5040
Frankly Christianity and Islam are the worst things has ever happened to humanity!
@@moranii1843by tribes you mean just the tribal societies or do you think all of these had only tribal societies? Also in a lot of cases the gender relations were way more complicated than just "women are subjugated to men"
I think this is probably the only channel that made a good document about scythia
Thats because the Roman , Greek Antique , Persian egocentric world and their pride. Scythians and Etrusces etc is not well mentioned in history , their history was even oppressed until 1900 century
@@jbrev7951 same Xiognu possible ancestors of the Huns.
only shity lies...
@@jbrev7951 That is quite a statement. Something can't be suppressed if no-one has access to digging sites, etc. Also please consider when archaeology became a 'proper' profession, taught at universities. A random person digging up sites and not documenting them destroys historical sites and the valuable lessons and insights they could have given. Those same people aren't going to tell the world about their finds either, because of the value of grave goods to be had. As with everything else - history isn't strictly black and white.
Apologies for the long post!!
On the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria in 1968, a metallurgical complex dating to about 3500 BC was discovered.
The most amazing was that the treated ore was not local, but imported by sea !
@mutta
Thank you for the information.
I read it the 1st time in an 1969 1ssue
of the French magazine "Science Et Vie".
But since then, I haven't found anything more on the subject.
One phrase in the article stayed with me :
"... that those prehistoric civilizations
"were not as primitive as thought."
But I'm unable to recall the name of the Bulgarian scientist who studied it.
Perhaps the public lost interest in the subject because of no suggestion of erichvondanikenancientalienism in it !
@mutta
They didn't miss much regarding monuments.
Since despite Zahi Hawass' hard rock dogmaticks,
the Egyptian paternity of the Pyramids is at best questionable.
Better a simple civilization that celebrated life 😃😃😃😃😃
than a brilliant civilization that built enormous temples to death.😵💀💀💀💀😈
@mutta
I recommend you the site "Ancient Origins".
Although far-fetched articles are not scarce, serious studies abound.
According to British author James Churchward, the Mu continent,
probably the contemporary of Atlantis, that disappeared under the waves of the Pacific was in fact connected to the Indian sub-continent before it crashed into the Asiatic land mass to form the Himalayas.
And the swastika was a legacy of Mu to mankind.
The Vedic Scriptures are the earliest religious texts & they include
the swastika even before Hinduism.
And Ukraine is not that far from India.
Moreover, the swastika is largely present in the US South-West Native American tribes.
The US 45th Infantry Division formed with Navajo tribes had the swastika
for shoulder patch.
Then before going overseas to fight the nazis, it was changed
into a fiery bird, which was precisely the meaning of the swastika
for the Natives.
I want to introduce you to the book
"Earth Earliest Ages"(1876) by G.H. Pember
republished 1975 at Kregel.
Look forward to read you again.
@mutta
You are welcome.
I actually taught a few classmates about the Scythians today! I needed to come up with a (historical) subject to teach, and i just couldn't come up with one, until i remembered your video about the Scythians! It's a very interesting subject, and unlike ww2 and the likes, a less covered one too. Some had never heard of the Scythians
@Kosh giup
They were iranic. Yes, they showed to turkic tribes how to use the horse in warfare and gave them a culture, but they were nor turkic tribes.
@@vencislavgynev8282 The Proto-Turks had already been mastering the ways of equestrianism, at the eastern end of the eurasian steppe. The only cultural similarities I can think of between Scythians and the following Turkic confederations are pastoralist nomadism with an emphasis on equestrianism and archery... I don't think they got that from the Scythians.
@@zantupatikabujiyapasargada4018 masagetae was mixed with turcic siberian ashina gogturk huns hit and run
@@zantupatikabujiyapasargada4018 masagetae fought in hit and run style like gogturk huns
@Alianova Preobrazhensky dont worry is gypsy ancestor not yours
In this video the nomadic people that you explain it were proturkic people in all around central Asia and Eastern of central Asia. It's nothing to do with Iranian south Asian. Specially the language, their way of living such as their tent, drinks and being a horseman and the way that they are moving from one corner to another corner of central Asia with their herds and equipments..Trust me they still living that way today. Thanks
Finally some more nomad-content.
Yeah, I find them really fascinating. But the anti-nomadic bias is very deeply entrenched into our psyche. As a settled society, we just can't comprehend them, and dismiss them as something "lesser" and "barbaric". Even the ancient Greeks clearly saw nomads as something barely better than animals. It's sad that media in form of movies and TV shows, keep portraying them so poorely and inaccurately. Even the somewhat recent TV series about Mongol Empire, titled "Marco Polo" did a poor job in portraying the Mongolians.
I haven't seen any Mongolian production, but having said all that, I hope that Mongolian movies portray their ancestors slightly better than we tend to do here in the West?
@@Vitalis94 The Hu?
@@Vitalis94 I think the fact that most nomadic peoples didn't leave behind written recordings of their history/traditions enforces this image of the "barbarian marauder" even more, since we have to rely on texts that were written by settled peoples such as the Greeks/Chinese who viewed them with a strong bias.
@@Leon--- I get where it comes from. There is a prevailing bias in the Western world - a civilization without written records, or even using their own script seems barbaric to us.
Also, the usage of wood as a construction materials. All throughout Eastern Europe, parts of Asia and Africa, wood was the most important building material. Obviously, wood doesn't preserve as well as stone buildings would have, so in the end, there were whole civilizations which build impressive buildings and whole cities with it, but as none of it was preserved to this day, we discard those civilizations as "lesser" or more barbaric.
Which is sad, one's civilization doesn't have to leave behind written records to be sophisticated. I mean, look at the Incas. They had a heavily centralized state, which build whole, impersive cities, had this whole system of fast distrubution in place, as well as they relied heavily on bureaucrats, had their own string counting system, and all of that, but in the end, they didn't leave "real" written records, so it's deemed as "lesser".
@@rockstar450 Oh, in comparison to earlier western movies about the Mongols and nomads it did a better job, obviously. They didn't portray them as brutal genocidal barbarians, so that's all good. Yet it seemed very whitewhased to me, like I was viewing Mongols through a Western lens. Obviously, they had to make them appealing to Western audiences, but I wish they didn't do that in such a way. And armour, clothing, and few other things leave something to be desired.
I also didn't like how the Mongols weren't played by the actual Mongols, but the Chinese or even non Asian actors. But it may be just me.
Literally just conquered Crimea setting a colony as rome in rome 2 and I was interested in the Scythians to the north of me.
This is why I love your videos and INVICTAS sometimes they just appear like they were personally for me. Keep up the great work
You guys do better than most TV shows with your quality and attention to detail
Excellent work! Thanks for all the research and hard work you've done to create these super informative videos.
14:10 Darius actually attacked Scythians from Thrace after crossing Bosphorus. The campaign took place mainly in the lands that we know today as Ukraine.
Scythians : war war war.
India. : Shhh🤫 V R worshipping.
Scythians : ohhh okey, ammm can we join too ?
Yeah India kinda has that effect on people :3
@@ObsidianDragon7030 except for the constant conquests of India by people West of India
@@battlez9577
They were never able to destroy the religion, culture or history of India.
@@battlez9577 Yeah wasn't too big a fan of those.......
@@midknightfenerir But Pseudo-Secularism is gonna take care of that now
Ah, Light Horsearcher Spam. OP since Antiquity.
As a side note, I've read that Scythian influence extended into Celtic Europe. The Celts took to wearing trousers and adopted a cult of the head, where the heads of opposing warriors were severed and kept and sometimes displayed in notches in small standing stones.
I don't believe in Aryan theory but There is a tribe in kerala called thiyya which shows a jentics and linguistics origin in the thian sha mountains of central asia according to the linguistics the Iranian word deva is first mentioned in Sanskrit in 2 century BCE and it originated from proto indo European language 'dievo' many proto indo european language has this word with same meening which meens in english as 'shining' or divine this word changes in to thiya in central asia thiyan sha mountains that meens mountains of god/deva and one particular hindhu caste in kerala called thiya meens 'divyan' in native language malayalam wich meens in english shining or divine also practices theyyam/ daivam or god as their religious rituals and their oral folk storys and songs clearly mentions they came from somewhere else meening of the word thiyya is divine and the first place where genitics and linguistics both meet together is the beginning of the tian Sha mountains and indo-sythrians religion is an ancient greek religion and buddisam mixture and thiyyas shows an almost same mixture with hindhuism and thiyya have a rich marshel treditions in recorded history and their folk songs and fougrin records from 16th century onwards clearly shows they are the one who practiced and developed kalaripayattu to the world and thiyyar is the only hindhu warrior caste in entire india which formed 3 European colonial army regiments in their own caste name with Britishers they formed thiyya regiment and with french they formed french thiyya pattalam and with dutch they formed dutch chegons the chekars are a warrior section among thiyyas who's duty is to fight in wars and they are ethinically from Malabar north kerala and all this units are started to form in 1730s onwards and all royal force in kerala before Indian indipendance had thiyya soldiers in their force and in entire south india there is no other hindhu caste ever had a caste based army regiment with any colonial European powers but in north India Britishers started few other warrior caste army regiments also and latest gentical study from Indian government institutions like center for cellular science and molecular biology in Hyderabad also clearly shows thiyyas have central asian anciant Iranian ancestry and in sre lankan history srilankan people also consider thiya/Divya as indo sythrians and devas even german nazi seintists before Indian indipendance also came this area to study these groups but indian government is now trying to eliminate this caste people from history now all their historical records are only getting from outside sources and trying to mix with a south kerala caste called ezhava a native caste which never even allowed to take a sword or never ever participated in a royal army or a war before Indian indipendance according to the recorded history and they blocked all thiyya Wikipedia pages from 2013 and blocked remaining thiyyar pages in 2022 even the smallest caste in india has their own wiki pages thiyyas are the biggest hindhu caste in Malabar kerala and with the support of government they are changing all thiyya warriors as ezhavas and because of thiyyas fougrin origin government also trying to eliminate thiyya community from all records to localise or indianise Indian history even more deeper
The Scythians do live actually in the Hungarian folklore, as legends that talk about the time before the conquest of the Carpathians (896AD) call the people "Szittya magyarok" (Scytha Magyars), also medieval chronicles talk about the conquest as "When they second time came out from Scythia". It is "second time" because Arpad held a direct bloodline to Atilla and so his people were considered Huns and took the Carpathian Basin on the right of legacy. Folklore draws a direct line of horselords from Scythians through Huns to Hungarians.
Tomris also exists in turkish legends. Tomris means iron in old turkish language and she is grand daugter of alper tunga. As mentioned central asia is a conflux of various tribes and people were mixed and it şs very hard to talk about race. So it is not suprizing that we have shared legends
@@leobelleobel2007 Yes Tomris and Alp Er Tunga.
Tomiris not real😂 Even if it was real it was Iranian
We are at a point where every KG video is like an event
Thank you so much for this video! I am absolutely obsessed with the Scythians, and this was a really great watch.
@Ksjs Jdjdb Turks are not relevant to this subject. They didn’t exist in this area at that time.
@Ksjs Jdjdb Not in this area.
@Ksjs Jdjdb Wrong, No Turks existed in this area in the ancient times.
@@fanzy1338 Joseph Marquart made the connection the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) that were cited by Ptolemy 150 CE. The text from Ptolemy:
"The northern regions of the country are inhabited by the Bolitai, the western regions by the Aristophyloi below whom live the Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). The southern regions are inhabited by the Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), the eastern regions by the Ambautai. The towns and villages lying in the country of the Paropanisadai are these: Parsiana Zarzaua/Barzaura Artoarta Baborana Kapisa niphanda"
Strabo the Greek geographer, in the Geographica (written between 43 BC to 23 AD) makes mention of the Pasiani (Πασιανοὶ), this has been identified with Afghans given that Pashto is an Eastern-Iranian language and Pashtuns resided in the area once termed Ariana. Strabo states
"Most of the Scythians...each separate tribe has its peculiar name. All, or the greatest part of them, are nomades. The best known tribes are those who deprived the Greeks of Bactriana, the Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli, who came from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes (Syr Darya)"
Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι). Johnny Cheung, reflecting on Ptolemy's Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) and Strabo's Pasiani (Πασιανοὶ) states: "Both forms show slight phonetic substitutions, viz. of υ for ι, and the loss of r in Pasianoi is due to perseveration from the preceding Asianoi.
Greece in 480. Herodotus mentions their turbans, bows, and spears, and tells that during the battle of Plataea in 479.
the Arians started to live in towns; the Greek geographer Ptolemy of Alexandria (Geography 6.17.3) states that there were many towns and villages in the valley of the river, and that there were nomadic tribes who were living in the mountains. The center of the government was the palace at Artacoana, which is usually identified with the modern town of Arachosia the regions of Herât and Kandahar (Arya)
Abdul hye habibi, the most eminent scholar, has given a list of Pashto words, which resemble other languages of house of Aryans.
Arians lived in the country along the river Arios (the modern Hari Rûd), which is more or less identical to the Afghanistan province of Herât (Arya)
Ahuramazda's special creations (Vendidad, Fargard 1.9).
In Achaemenid times (ca. 550-330 B.C.E.), the surrounding district was known as Haraiva (in Old Persian), and in classical sources the region was correspondingly known as Areia. In the Zoroastrian Avesta (Yašt 10.14; Vidēvdāt 1.9), the district is mentioned as Harōiva. The name of the district and its main town is derived from that of the chief river of the region, the Hari Rud (Old Iranian *Harayu “with velocity”; compare Sanskrit Saráyu [Mayrhofer, Dictionary III, p. 443]), which traverses the district and passes just south (5 km) of modern Herat. The naming of a region and its principal town after the main river is a common feature in this part of the world. (Compare the adjoining districts/rivers/towns of Arachosia and Bactria.)
the Bisotun inscription (q.v., DB 1.16) of Darius I (ca. 520 B.C.E.)
They are wearing Scythian-style dress (with a tunic and trousers tucked into high boots) and a twisted turban around the head. This costume is also worn by the representatives from nearby Sistān (to the south) and Arachosia (to the southeast)
strongly influenced by the Scythic cultures from the Central Asians steppes in the North.
the representative from Areia is also shown wearing a long coat worn around the shoulders with empty sleeves. This type of coat is known from classical sources (Gk. kandys) and was sometimes also worn by the Persians and the Medes. The origin of this coat should be sought among the nomadic Scythians of Central Asia. (See further in Gervers-Molnár, 1973.)
Herodotus (7.61 ff.) tells that Areians were listed together with the Parthians by the Achaeminians.3.89 ff.),, the Areians in Xerxes’ army were dressed in the Bactrian fashion, which means that they were wearing a Scythian-type outfit.
together with ancient Bactra (modern Balḵ, the capital of ancient Bactria), and Old Kandahār, the capital of ancient Arachosia. In late 330 B.C. Alexander the Great, according to his biographers,the Areian capital that was called Artacoana (Arrian, Anab. Alex. 3.25.2-6; Curtius 6. 6.33 [Artacana]; Diodorus 17.78.1 [Chortacana]; Pliny, Nat. hist. 6.61.93; Strabo 11.10.1 [Artacaena]).
Areia was briefly attacked by Scythic nomads from the north (Pliny, Nat. hist. 6.47). In the following years, Areia became a frontier area between the empire of the Parthians to the west and that of the Greco-Bactrians to the east. In the late second century B.C.E. northern tribes, and Scythians (or Sakas) traversed the district of Areia;, they finally settled in nearby Sistān (Mid. Pers. skstn “Sakastān”), farther to the south.
The Scythians migrated from Central Asia toward Eastern Europe. They disappeared from history after the Hunnish invasion of Europe in the 5th century AD, and
Altaic (Avar, Batsange, etc.) and Slavic peoples probably assimilated most people speaking Scythian. However, in the Caucasus, a dialect belonging to the Scythian-Sarmatian linguistic continuum remains in use today, namely Pashto and Ossetic.
The early Sakas or Scythians are remembered by Greek (e.g. Herodotus, Megatheses, Pliny, Ptolemy) and Persian historians as tall, large framed and fierce warriors who were unrivalled on the horse. Herodotus from the 5th century BC writes in an eye-witness account of the Scythians : " They were the most manly and law-abiding of the Thracian tribes. If they could combine under one ruler, they would be the most powerful nation on earth."
According to their origin myth recorded by Herodotus, the Sakas arose when three things fell from the sky: the I. plough, II. sword and III. cup. The progenitor of the Sakas picked them up and hence the Saka race began its long history of conquering lands, releasing its bounties and enjoying the fruits of their labor (the cup has a ceremonial-spiritual-festive symbolism). A branch of the Sakas kown as the Alani reached regions of Europe, Asia Minor and the Middle East. They have been connected to the Goths of France/Spain, Saxons and the Juts of Denmark.
The following sections deal mostly with popular traditions of Saka descent found among numerous Asian and European peoples. The Saka/Scythians are considered by mainstream historians and linguists as being Eastern Iranic peoples originating from the steppes of central asia and spoke a Indo-European language in the Eastern Iranic Branch of the Iranic branch of indo-iranian/Aryan family.
Who were the Saka Iskuzai or Azkuzai Scythians ?
The Scythians or Scyths or Saka (from Greek Óêýèçò), a nation of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who spoke an Eastern Iranic language.
Saka means blood brother in Pashto and Nasaka means Step brother,Zai or Zoi/Zoy
means descendant or son in Pashto.For e.g. an Afghan tribe living in Afghanistan known as the Azkazai or Sakzai means Son of Saka another example the Dawoodzai sons of David or Yusufzai sons of Joseph etc.Where did the Sakas or Sakae Or Xiongnu Huns originate from? The steppes of central asia of North Afghanistan.According to genetics and DNA tests conducted the Pashtuns of Afghanistan have the highest steppe ancestry of r1 peeking up to 70 or 80 percent
Bibliography: F. R. Allchin and N. Hammond, The Archaeology of Afghanistan.
Warwick Ball, Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan / Catalogue des sites archéologiques d’Afghanistan, Paris, 1982
in History of Civilizations of Central Asia III. The cross-roads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750, Paris, 1996, pp. 103-18. Veronika Gervers-Molnár, The Hungarian Szür.
Une statue de Darius decouvert à Suse,” JA 260, 1972, pp. 235-66. H. Torrens, Õn a Cylinder and certain Gems, collected in the neighbourhood of Herat, by Major Pottinger,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 11, 1842, pp. 316-21. W. J. Vogelsang, The Rise and Organisation of the Achaemenid Empire. The Eastern Iranian Evidence, Leiden, 1992. Idem, The Afghans, Oxford, 2002.
@Ksjs Jdjdb
Here comes the Turkish turanist who thinks everything in the world is “Turkic”.
In India and Pakistan there is a big community... JAT which are Scythian....... And JATs are the people which give most soldiers (40%) to both countries and give 90% of medals in wrestling🤼♂️..... And most awarded people's are JATs..
These beyond 4k years old forgotten people are the best history subjects... when we were baby stepping out of our stone age, and yet, we had become so solicitated... so early...
The modern telling of hystory is quite off, they seem to think society started with egypt where in fact it is far older, they think that one can not cross an ocien pre age of discovery and against this is quite wrong.
@@kungsjanis5139 hundreds of civilizations sprung up independently all around the globe in the early days of humanity.
Excellent work King and Generals! It would be great if you could do an episode on the Slavs. While you guys have covered Kievan Rus, it would be interesting to see you address western and southern Slavic history as well.
I'd love to learn more about the Balkan migrations. And also what happened to the ancient peoples of the region, if they were assimilated or destroyed
Is there a community called Slavs? Did you know that the word Slav comes from the word Slave? White Slave! genetically - archaeologically - linguistically and scientifically proven who they are...
Excellent history
Now I know, there is a little Scythian in all of us. From Europe, Middle East, Northern India and Western China .
They became us.
Mystery solved and educated.
Excellent video thanks 😊
Hungarians are the descendents of the royal scitians
This is true, they live on genetically (to an extent) through the peoples living in Eurasia today, and distantly to the peoples of Europe, Middle East, India etc., and linguistically the live on through the Ossetians and distantly to other Iranic groups.
@@leventetombacz6083 i love how people just claim random shit on youtube
@@meisterproper8304 Well this whole video claims they're iranian, which actually doesn't make sense when you dig into it.
@@kitshuter9735 the iranian ancestry is the most agreed upon in scientific circles. Unless you count Ottoman larpers as better sources
I’m Persian my self, very interesting to watch videos about other non-Persian Iranic people.
Это тюрки не иранцы. Скифы тюрки 🇹🇷🇦🇿🇹🇲🇺🇿🇰🇬🤝👆
Scythians are turks
@@geminiscrossbow5983 They spoke an Indoeuropean language, while Turkic languages are not Indoeuropean. I wonder how you guys fill that gap.
@@geminiscrossbow5983lmao, as it literally says they were "eastern iranic", turks really have no brain
@@timurmurzabekov3821shut up Mongol, Scythians were like Europeans not Mongols.
5:20 "This gnome looking pointy hat things"
Oof man, shots fired.
I am from the Saki people who have Scythian roots and I know that Scythians are Indo-European in terms of face, language and culture and are very close to the Parthians.
So you are from skstan (sistan)?
@@KeyhaneBishomar saki people of lorestan
My mum is from the north east part of Iran, specifically a little town if Saka origin (Sakasar)
@@vladimirthegreen6097 yes I have, but I never claimed Scythian ancestry - just stated the name of the village my mother is from is of Saka origin (believed to be).
@vertigo hotel15 The Kurds could be Medes but not the other way around. The egg comes before the chicken.
I'm addicted to Kings and Generals!!!! 6-7 after video upload.
@@AeneasGemini thanks a lot for the recommendation! I have watched that already.
And no I'm not new, been on this channel before it had 50k followers, that was years ago, can't even remember when was that.
Omg I was gonna say the same thing
The North Indian Jat in Punjab are the descendants of Scythians they kept long unshorn hair so called Jatta-a person with long hair ,they are large people much larger and taller than common Indians even today.
A huge thank you from an Ossetian. Good job, guys!
@farus killer no offense taken. But that is a myth created because of haplogroups. Alan tribes living in the Caucassus region had the same haplogroups as Ossetians. People tend to compare them to early Scythian tribes, not medieval Alans, that’s why they often get this notion. You can apply this logic to pretty much everything and say that English people are mostly not Anglo Saxon but Celtic. And that Balkan people are not Slavs but Illyrians. Besides, if someone is a part of one culture for like more than a thousand years they are a part of that culture and nothing else.
@Ksjs Jdjdb gtfo with that pan Turkic nonsense. Turkic people are Altaic. Period.
@@yousafdaudzai3078 they really like having claims for other people’s cultures, bro!
Love my Alan bros from an Iranian Lur!
@@yousafdaudzai3078 saka in pashto means blood brother and Scythians were east Iranian by language as well as ethenicy which means modern day all east Iranian by language as well as by ethenicy are one even he is pashtun,ossetians,wakhi,yagnobi or pamiri they should unite and call themself Scythians.
Ossetian language belong to the Scythian linguistic continuum remains in use today.
And also Yaghnobi. They are the only remaining northeastern Iranian languages.
The sad part is they are slowly dying thanks to the politics of the countries they are in and gradual assimilation of the people.
genetically it seems they have nothing to do with Scythians though
This knowledge kind of hit me. Aren't ossetians caucasian? So are they linguistically iranian but caucasian ?
@@mertinibus nope, the ossitian are genetaly locak to the Caucasus mountains
As seen in Anna Komnena's Alexiad, East Roman keeps using the term Scythians for nomadic cultures in general.
no wonder nomads with turkic like features(like the huns, avars, bulgars, magyars, khazars) are called by the same name sometimes, Ungri.(it stuck with the Hungarians)
and that they were also called Scythians when they were at the north of the Black Sea. like the Sarmathians and Iazyges once were.
As was Greek tradition, see the term barbarian. Or Hunnic, I suppose.
Indeed the eastern Romans referred to other people groups with the names of the Greeks and the Romans
@@TeutonicEmperor1198 yes they are
The Nomadic Migration Domino Effect is one of the most interesting continuous events through all of history, in my eyes. It bridges the perceived gap between the West and East, destroys the notion that China and the West were essentially worlds apart, and allows the tracking of how a people moves throughout time, by determining when said people leaves China and arrives in Europe.
The Huns are my favourite example, because their departure and arrival are recorded by two empires who were very meticulous about recording events.
It also dispels the air of mystery around the nomads, especially groups such as the Vandals and Goths, who seem to have come from nowhere and descend upon Germania and Gaul and Italia like the wrath of Jupiter's bolt, where, in fact, it can be tracked where they come from, and why they migrated to and attacked Rome with such frenzy.
For the longest time in games, I always thought the Scythians were made up.
@@ChevyChase301 So it's more like an umbrella term based on the first contact the Greeks and Romans had like the term Hellenistic?
Yamnaya horse Chads are why blue eyes exist.
@@wojtek1582 Sarmats were Scythian subgroup
@@edwartvonfectonia4362 Eastern Scythians Turkic
Contemporary descendants of western Scythian groups are found among various groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia, while similarities to eastern Scythian are found to be more widespread, but almost exclusively among Turkic language speaking (formerly) nomadic groups, particularly from the Kipchak branch of Turkic languages (Supplementary Note 1).
Unterländer, M., Palstra, F., Lazaridis, I. et al.Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe. Nat Commun 8, 14615 (2017).
In a comparison of our Tagar series with modern populations in Eurasia, we detected similarity between the Tagar group and some modern Turkic-speaking populations (with the exception of the Indo-Iranian Tajik population) (Fig 7; S2 Table). Among the modern Turkic-speaking groups, populations from the western part of the Eurasian steppe belt, such as Bashkirs from the Volga-Ural region and Siberian Tatars from the West Siberian forest-steppe zone, were more similar to the Tagar group than modern Turkic-speaking populations of the Altay-Sayan mountain system (including the Khakassians from the Minusinsk basin) (Fig 7).
Based on our results, we can preliminarily conclude that there was genetic continuity, at least partially, between the Early, the Middle and the Late Tagar populations. We did not find evidence of extensive gene exchange between the Tagar population and any genetically distinct (with respect to the mtDNA pool) human groups.
Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC)
Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, et al. (2018)Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC). PLOS ONE 13(9):
@@wojtek1582 Nope, same brunch . Semi-nomadic getians.
Apparently the Scythians smoked marijuana before it was cool
It grows wildly in Kazakhstan
I always love learning about the Scythians, it's a real shame that there are not more here today
They are! Now they call Bulgarians.
Realistically, you can probably find their descendants in Russia, the Ukraine, India, Bulgaria and obviously Iran too.
@@robwalsh9843 I am a descendant of Arpad Dynasty proven by dna tests, Almos mother where scythian called Emese and i am turk or turkic with Kipchak ancestry. And i am for sure not iranic or indian.
Indian jats are descendent of scythians
Alternate clickbait title: Origin of Gnomes, the Pointy Hat Lords
they were gnot gnelves
they were gnot gnoblins
they were gnomes
People who ate primarily meat and milk were hardly gnomes.
Finaly a specific video about the scythians, I very much Appreciate your work 🙏
Note: you could note the scythian battle axe name "sagaris" aswell.
@Ksjs Jdjdb Bullshit..Scythians were WHITE ARYANS, EUROPEANS WHITE HUMANS .
A video about the Scythians that uses their Civ 6 theme in the background? That's an instant subscribe from me!
I'm glad someone else picked up on that.
What is the music name 17 min..
Me as a central asian Tajik, i can relate to this in many aspects especially facial and body features of Tajiks are exactly what you describe about scythians. even though we identify ourselves as eastern Persians, it is mostly a matter of language. but the fact that we look like more to the scythians than persians explains it all.
You are mixed with Turks that's why you look asian lol, Scythians were proto-turkic
@@TC-lh8bq your mom was proto turk takjis are iranic people's and descendants of Scythians probably indo Scythians and had nothing to do with turks
Greeks were in central asia before persians.
Thats why blonde blue eye people exist in areas like Pamir.
Then persians came mixed with greko bactrains.
After all Turks came and done deal. No persians, no greeks left in central asia and became Turkestan.
@@1212-m6b stfu, there isn't even one blue eyed blonde Greek in Greece. What are you on? Do you really think Greek people are Scandinavian looking? The reason those people in Pamir mountains are blonde is due to them being kipchak-kuman Turks forcefully exiled there during Soviet times. Kipchak Turks are known to be the only Asians to have blonde hair and blue eyes.
@@1212-m6b true "Persians" came later but the natives of central Asians were Iranians (aryans) aka scythian, sakas, Massagetae etc. and that's why they have those blue green eyes and red blonde hair, not bcuz of Greeks. in fact Greeks themselves aren't that much blonde or white
Thank you! This is the best Easter present you could give me!
Happy Easter orthodox bro!
Been waiting for this one since I started studying the culture
Thanks for this video. As a tajik and a descendant of Scythians, I appreciate this.
Based
mordern day Tajik look like a mongol or Turkic people's...
@@sayyedaamirhussain8460 They dont look like Turkish people 😎
@@sayyedaamirhussain8460 no
@@KadirAksu28 I m saying mordern day Tajik look like a Turkic or Mongol.I m not saying Turkish Because Turkish or Turkic is Different Turkish people's mix with Greeks n Turkic mix mongol n tajik
I am wondering how would someone watch this content and not liking it, I admire my ancient cousins from Iran, thank you K&G
You forgot to mention the possible link between Parni tribe and the later Arsacids (Parthians) with the Scythian/Saka People.
Fun fact: The region historically known as Sistan is named after the Saka people. The original name must have been Sakestan meaning the land of Sakas.
Also it seems there are some connections between Rajputs in India and Scythians.
I believe the sakas of sakestan moved there after they were pushed out by the kushanas by from the north. It wasn't theirs originally
@@shaan4308 Also could be from Indo-Scythian kingdom
@@scourgeofgodattila4366 Nope
@@shaan4308 exactly like Alan's in northern Caspian they migrant to Germany and Spain! after Huns start to attack from China to est Europe
@@peymanmostafaei6963 indo sychtian and indo parthian
A group of scythians may have settled in modern day sistan/balochistan province of Iran. Sistan was known as saka-stan in ancient times. Great video btw 👌
Scythians also invade all of North India they Modern people's is Rajput Jat Ahir Gujjar...
Baluchs, sistanis, pashtuns, and tajiks have the most saka genes as far as I know
@@historyandgenes9991 Also, you must know that karachay, balkars, ossetians, bashkort people, tatar, kyrgyz, altay, uighur, kazakh, nogai, turkmen, uzbeks, sakha people, ukrainians, crimeans have the most saka-scythian genes.
@@historyandgenes9991 Bro Modern day all Tribes people's mixed with other tribes Examples like Tajik pashtun North Persian mix with mongol n turk..
@@sayyedaamirhussain8460 No, Not really
The video says that the Scythian language was distantly related to Persian which is only partially true. At that time they were very close to each other and mutually intelligible. The divide between East and West Iranian languages only became prominent during the Middle Ages. In fact Scythian warlords and king Darius communicated without an interpreter.
You guys always make some of the best history content on YT. I have learned so much about history - of topics that are either known or unknown to me - from your amazing videos!
If you hear close enough, you could hear the screams of “Forth Eorlingas!”
The Rohirrim are more like the Goths with Anglo-Saxon culture and name.
@@novaterra973 but they were wypipo on horseback
Nova Terra Imo theyre a bit like the alans