You should really specify that smallpox is extinct *in the wild* but still exists in labs and can be weaponized. The U.S. military still vaccinates soldiers going overseas against smallpox.
The CDC has been known to send viral and bacterial samples to places that shouldn't be getting them, and to leave samples in old buildings after they leave. Quite a few articles from 2015, if I remember correctly. Should be available online, makes for interesting reading. :-/
Also that it's been found in melting ice caps. So it could also still be alive in the wild. It's also been viable from those melting ice caps I feel like I should mention that.
When you mentioned the Neolithic decline I immediately thought about grain storage and rodents. And...the plague. Its no wonder the Egyptians worshiped cats
Jenn Wanderer your loved ones have a higher chance of dying from so many other things. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, all other pathogens, car crash, etc. Way higher chance than coronavirus.
@@abbyshort1185 Corona does NOT in fact, only kill old people. What do you think happens to the people who get into car accidents while all the hospitals are already operating beyond it's capacity?
When TH-cam suggests a video that looks good, but, when you click on it you see that you already "liked" it sometime in the past you gotta ask yourself... Should I watch it again?
Dear Malcolm, you must make that momentous choice yourself. I'll tell you my protocol, though. I reason that if I've already seen it but I can't remember it, it must not be very interesting. So I skip it. Occasionally I find the title so intriguing that I watch it again anyway...but I usually find that it is neither memorable nor particularly interesting. As I did this time. I made an exception and watched, but I could have skipped it without robbing my life of its richness
Smallpox is eradicated, not extinct. It still exists in at least two labs in the world, and the WHO may or may not ever change their mind about keeping it.
Logically WHO will never 100% kill off anything they study. As they may need it for later testing to deal with other variants. Or as technology advances, program an old one to do something else than kill. Just like holding onto scraps in your garage, could be handy later.
smallpox destroyed aint gonna happen...its like nuclear weapons...unless someone goes after all of them and detroys them, it just aint happening. and even then i somehow doubt it does not return because it also has been kept on other places but simply not known to the public.
No Brilliant or Skillshare ad at the end? I'm surprised. Thank you. And thank you, to everyone that supports SciShow, financially and through your labor.
I just can’t think of a single disease with a black tongue as a symptom tho. Have you found anything in your research? I just don’t find paratyphoid a logical explanation.
@@Lenape_LadyIf it was any form of hemorrhagic fever, then your answer can actually be found within one not found in humans: epizootic hemorrhagic disease, or EHD, which currently has this symptom. Black tongues in humans and animals can also be the secondary effects of certain bacteria and a lack of oxygen in the blood, though that is an unlikely explanation. Since the currently predominant strain of paratyphoid fever can cause gastrointestinal and skin hemorrhage already, the idea of a version that can cause the type of oral discoloration and hemorrhage seen in EHD instead (or in conjunction) really isn’t out of the realm of possibility.
The announcer for this video is really good. He speaks quickly and covers the topic at a good pace. The subject was interesting, but not fascinating. His pace, however, compelled me to pay close attention. The camera work was also good by shifting from different views of the speaker. TY for making this video.
"By the next year, it's estimated that there were between 5,000 and 10,000 deaths PER DAY in the capital." That is mind boggling. What did they do with all of the bodies? Dealing with hundreds of thousands more bodies per month must have caused at least a few issues.
That's how disease culls. It becomes kind of a cycle until either the local population disperses or is culled down to a few tough individuals who are immune. Far more effective and productive than a bunch of yahoos just shooting unlucky randos.
Smallpox is still in North Korea. One of the recent publicized defectors had it. If you are in the US military and will be stationed in South Korea, you have to be vaccinated.
Arthiem not true ..... how many private bio/pharmaceutical companies never mind them but government run ones have it locked up in vault .... bio warfare new version of fear nuclear weapons/warfare god just think of how easily and fast travel is and how many ppl come in contact with each other each day....god there is still plague !! And i think even worse version bc is septicemic ...Incase’s bubonic+pneumonic....different strains n resistant ahhhh 🙀
The epidemic involving the Wampanoags in Massachusetts happens shortly after English explorer Bartholomew Gosnold came to the area in 1602. He explored Cape Cod and the Elizabeth Islands and even settled on Cuttyhunk for a time. I find it highly probable that the epidemic that hit the Wampanoags was of European origin - and likely that it involved contact with the English settlers/explorers who visited the region prior to the Pilgrims (who landed in 1620).
I read that after Tisquantum and several companions were kidnapped by an English captain. The locals were, understandably angry and out for revenge. The next ship that arrived was French and the locals kidnapped the crew. The Great Dying followed. The story is in Charles Mann's book 1491.
This: th-cam.com/video/keiR6yqLcIo/w-d-xo.htmlsi=F8jg-z53KLjF102C&t=47 Even a Halfbreed like me has caught a few things that I still live with decades later. White People don't understand that they brought a plethora of diseases that we Natives don't have adequate immunity from. In my case, Bronchitis, Pneumonia & Mononucleosis were chronic illnesses for me when I was in junior high and high school and I never managed to get rid of them...
12:21 Person:What do you do for work? PhD:I'm an epidemiologist, I study disease. Person:Cool, what's that like? PhD:I'm looking for mass graves! Person: ... *backs away, slowly*
I though there are also archologists that do that as well, mostly it's them first then brings in the other doctors if something doesn't add up with cause of death. So eh, it requires two parties than one. But don't fret over too many of the plauge graves when they started buring the bodies with lime, it kills everything off.
@@SadSpectacle1 it's like how I started looking into a local ghost town for my youngest brother's college class and I was also interested in it's background, named originally Rough run after the creek running through it then West Winfield, and how it got wiped off the face of the Earth. No, disease didn't do it, Carnegie and later the government did it due to it being like a mining town and the fall of trains for mass transportation to buses and trucks. People may know of it's sister town better, Yellow dog, owned by a teacher who wants to make it an active historical mining town like Bedford village is an historical active town for the colonial period. Though it did have a mass pandemic, and there is a marker for it's mass grave area that's for the 1918 influenza epidemic, which is now almost 101 years old. And yes those buried there got a Catholic burial, thanks to the priest at St John the evanglists who found out that no services were being held for the deceased and that they were being mass dumped by a wagon due to being immigrants who worked at the limestone mine who just recently came over and had no relatives to bury them.
It would make sense to the Neolithic decline was caused by yersinia pestis. An increase in farming equals an increase in Grain eaters like rodents. Awesome video!
"This is the oldest known strain of The Plague" Someone forgot the episode they did on weird things found in Amber... including a plague flea from millions of years ago...
It’s the same strain, and they BELIEVE it was the same plague, Hank Green specified “it was the same size and shape of the same strain that caused the Black Death”
@@willviscarra3401 If biblical/ancient Mesopotamian and European cosmology is valid, then why haven't we been able to touch the firmament yet? Where is the massive ocean suspended above the blue sky and the clouds? Where are the massive earthen pillars keeping Earth from flailing around like the Sun, Moon, and stars? If the age of the Earth is literal in the holy books, so too is the rest of it. How do you reconcile any of that bs with modern cosmology? Are all astronomers wrong? Does the universe move around our stationary Earth? Do satellites and rocket hit a solid wall when they try to fly away from the Earth? Does rain sometimes pass through the firmament causing global floods? The kind of mental gymnastics one must do to convince themselves of this ancient superstition in the face of modern discovery is massive. I hope you can find your way out of working so hard to continue believing a nonsensical delusion.
Given the horrific plagues of the past, it's amazing that with reference to vaccination, it does NOT suffice to merely describe a person as either "pre-" or "post-" ...we actually have to include "anti-" as well!
There used to be outbreaks of "Dancing Mania's" in the middle ages, where people would dance until they collapsed or sometimes even died. Speculation regarding the causes is varied and ranges from cultural movements to epilepsy.
Neolithic mega-cities were enabled by large-scale grain cultivation and storage causing an unprecedented boom in rodent populations. Hence the likely domestication of cats and the first meeting of humans with bubonic plague. Is that hypothesis reasonable?
@@genli5603 Yes. By rats, by ships. No reason it could/would not travel overland as well, or by small boats. Rats and fleas together carry and transmit a multitude of diseases. Cats are first line of defense, but cannot catch all rats (whose fleas jump to other animals - how long do these diseases last). Egyptians had the right idea.
@@joolianfeline8198 Yes we owe so much to religion and superstition, to misuse of symbolism and belief that destroying a symbol somehow stops what is symbolized.
Pandemic, Black Death, Anthrax, Rinderpest, Bubonic... such amazing band names can be found in ancient outbreaks. "I saw Rinderpest in Berlin recently, so it was so bad ass!!!"
....I saw this when it came out ...I liked a bunch of comments laughing about how we're going to be getting another epidemic soon ...Well. Things sure have changed a bit now haven't they?
I'm a little confused as the classification of Leptospirosis as a tropical disease. I'm a veterinarian in Canada and I vaccinate most dogs that I see for lepto. I also have a couple confirmed cases each year that we attempt to treat. I have colleagues further north that see many cases a year. There are different strains of the bacteria, but we have at least 4-6 strains that most definitely manage the cold. Dogs tend to be more at risk than people but it is zoonotic. I believe it's survival over winter is likely in dear and raccoons, the carrier species, as it is not very environmentally stable. Anyway seems strange to refer to it as tropical as I've always been taught it as pretty much endemic, at least from a veterinary perspective.
Oh! I can actually answer this one. It’s because of the water. While Lepto is technically endemic everywhere, the severe pulmonary version that is considered clinically significant in humans is also considered an endemic disease with substantial human morbidity in tropical settings. High rainfall and humidity = high amounts of surface water, and Leptospirosis is transmitted to humans via surface waters contaminated with the urine of infected animals. Add that to bacteria’s habit to grow explosively in warm, moist areas, and you get Lepto being classified as tropical in the lens of human infections. While a handful of the dangerous human infections happen in rural and urban areas across the globe, the majority of them come from tropical populations or those that recently visited them.
I eat a burrito from a convenience store and got all of these symptoms. I'm pretty sure they had burritos back then but I don't think they had convenience stores.
Leading cause of epidemics in humans; Too many people living very close to each other (local overpopulation). Cholera, Typhus, influenza, polio, Measles, plague, ... etc, spread very quickly in dense populations. Bigger cities are not always better!
And people forget why livestock gets fed antibiotics. It's the hormones that are for enhancing growth. The ABs are for controlling the disease outbreaks that always come with crowding. And now we're crowding livestock because the human population won't stabilize itself (because of turdwhirled religionioids and their precious "cultures" that we're not allowed to criticize, and by gods, don't tell them to use birth control, you're only allowed to preach birth control to the all-white castrati choir) .... I wonder when the Watermelons of the world start picking on the goats and sheep as hard as they pick on cows and pigs ...
Yeah maybe it was the Collab of the century in a way. Or it was too effective in killing so it killed before it had the time to infect someone else. Especially in a time without international travel like we have now
@@WouldntULikeToKnow. In France they called it "La dance de Saint Guille"... When a little kid dances around because they need to go to the bathroom, parents sometimes ask them if they have "The dance de St. Guille..." lol Ancient stories find their ways into today's manner of speaking...
That was caused by, probably, mass hysteria brought on by ergotism, NOT a bacteria or virus. Ergotism is caused by a mold in the staple grains of the diet, a mold that has an active ingredient that is a chemical sibling to Lysergergic acid diethylamide, or LSD... . The chemical in the ergot mold is Lysergic Acid Amide, or LSA.
Dying of an infection was very common in the recent past. We forget how scary was life then. And it explains how population was so scarce even with women having more than 10 children each.
Only in European nations were people dying of infections. Colonization is the #1 cause of infections, disease, & death in non European nations & continents.
Thank you, this was very interesting and enlightening. However comprehension would have been easier if the orator had added the occasional fullstop (period) into the dialogue rather that speaking in one long sentence from beginning to end.
I have a bit of an obsession with epidemiology videos. My mom was a USDA epidemiologist for over 30 years, and I'm a vet tech. These kinds of videos really tickle my nerdy fancy.
All of you reading this, you are special!!! You are the product of millions of years of evolution and every one of your ancestors survived these and other plagues, diseases, accidents, murders, sudden deaths etc at least until they had children. We are ALL THAT LUCKY!!! So enjoy your Life, it is a true gift!!! And be nice to each other and to other Living beings, we are all special, plants and animals alike.
I think Leishmaniasis fits the first one better that leptospirosis. It's a parasite that has bugs as a vector like ticks, fleas, etcétera; but it covers everything. Skin lesions rather than spots, yellowing caused by jaundice when it attacks the liver, mucocutanious leishmaniasis causes nose bleeds. It can survive in cold climates when in a person, and can be transmitted through bodily fluids or faces if eggs are present. Since they'd be using the river to dispose of waste, the entire river would be contaminated with eggs. Water getting in the eyes, nose, cuts, scrapes, or even contaminated food fits the criteria to a T
I don't like the unsolved ones like sleeping sickness. If we don't understand what caused the last outbreak then we know for sure another outbreak of the same will cycle back around and we'll be no better prepared than we were the first time. The next pandemic will be 10x worse than covid cause all those who will now refuse to believe the epidemiologist and will refuse to take precautions. It's gonna be nasty.
A few did almost happen-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), H5N1 (avian flu), H1N1 (swine flu), Ebola, and the Zika virus and those were in this century.
It's often said that a skillful or talented enemy deserves full honor and respect. And I gotta say that Yersinia Pestis definitely has my respect. It seems to be Natures main power card, which it uses whenever humanity gets a bit too cocky. With the ongoing events unfolding, the last thing I want to see, is a new outbreak of Yersinia Pestis, formed from a new string, which also happens to be resistant to all current medicine that can kill it. Also, what about the Dancing Plague?
It sure deserves respect. Actually, while doing research on Y.pestis during my biology studies (yes, I found the subject particularly interesting) I read something about a case of plague in Madagascar in 1995 in which the specific strain was resistant to all medicine recommended against it. Yet, as far as I know, it wasn't seen again afterwards (though other strains of Y.pestis can still be found throughout the island).
At 6:40 'plagues associated with times of unusual rainfall', together with the the fact of rodents/fleas being likely reservoirs of Yersinia pestis, suggests to me the following scenario: in heavy rains, rodents are likely to be flooded out of burrows and nests, and to seek warmer drier shelter - often in human habitations. There, some fleas may spread from their normal host to humans, carrying the disease. Also, rodents that drown may have surviving flea populations that hungrily jump to any available passing live mammal - such as domesticated animals, pets, or directly to humans.
Regarding Cocoliztli, I think it should have been noted that the language it comes from, Nahuatl, is the Aztec language, and also gave us words such as Tomato ("Tomatl", though ironically this was speffically tomatillos, they called Tomato's Xitomatl), Coyote ("Coyotl"), Ocelot ("Ocelotl", which wwas the word for Jaguar), and most words in Mexican Cuisuine like Tortilla, Tamale, Mole, Advocaco, Guacmole, Chili, etc. I think it also goes to show you how much the Spanish Conquest easily could have turned out differently: In history class, most lessons on it stop with the fall of the Aztec captial in 1521, but in reality there were hundreds of city-states and empires in the region that didn't cede to Spanish authority. Most of the region was not pacified until the late 1500's, nearly 60-80 years, with some parts never actually really being under Spanish control: The fact that it took that long despite the absolutely massive population losses due to the Smallpox and Cocoliztli outbreaks, and despite the fact that Spainish Conquistadors were being added by much larger armies from native states they allied with, goes to show that contrary to population perception, the conflict was very hard fought, and had the outbreaks not been as severe or Spain hadn't been able to ally with native city-states, they may have never conquered it.
Thanks for this comment! I love learning about new Nahuatl words; they have a similar sound as my tribe's language: "tl." (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives#Dental_or_denti-alveolar) I wish more people pronounced it; it's a cool sound.
@@kiiwikiori7542 That's what they mean. We wiped out smallpox in the wild but we still have those samples. And the WHO still has not taken a position on destroying the rest of it.
@@EpicB Actually if my memory serves me right, smallpox doesn't exactly exist in the wild. We manged to kill it because it only affected humans. Yes we got rid of all human cases. And yes it was kept in labs in case it came back. After an incident in a lab in the UK, it was decided by the WHO that all strains would be kept in a centralized place and destroyed everywhere else. Since the Cold War was still on it was agreed that all samples would be spilt between the USA and USSR to be kept in one lab in their country. As far as I know that's the last time the WHO took a position on it. There's little chance any further steps will be made as long as there are no incidents reported about smallpox escaping one of those labs.
@@nate7790 What I meant by "in the wild" is that we've eradicated it completely outside of the handful of samples we've kept around. I meant "the wild" more metaphorically.
![[LIVE] BABYMONSTER(베이비몬스터) - DRIP | 두시탈출 컬투쇼](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/UG05pxLGwzc/mqdefault.jpg)
![⭐️( ลอยกระทง 2024 ) Ver. แดนซ์ Remix BY [ ดีเจกิต รีมิกซ์ ]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/rMWOLhgXUHc/mqdefault.jpg)
"Pathogens from the past"
...
Pastogens
Safyra Yoru yum Pastagens
Safyra Yoru
Great dad joke
Shares a name with female hormones from ancient history. =P
You should really specify that smallpox is extinct *in the wild* but still exists in labs and can be weaponized. The U.S. military still vaccinates soldiers going overseas against smallpox.
North kora got a few that are sick, so s korean troops are vaxxed
not to mention the huge ass security breach when the soviet union fell. some black market weapons vendor might have it in their freezer still. ;.;
The CDC has been known to send viral and bacterial samples to places that shouldn't be getting them, and to leave samples in old buildings after they leave. Quite a few articles from 2015, if I remember correctly. Should be available online, makes for interesting reading. :-/
I really hated that vaccine
Also that it's been found in melting ice caps. So it could also still be alive in the wild. It's also been viable from those melting ice caps I feel like I should mention that.
Wow, this episode was thoroughly packed with information from beginning to end.
Great job SciShow!
When you mentioned the Neolithic decline I immediately thought about grain storage and rodents. And...the plague. Its no wonder the Egyptians worshiped cats
and then the European rosary rattlers killed them off for being evil during the black plague.
@@dperry19661 and in turn they all died. Retribution at it’s finest, I guess.
@@dperry19661 and no wonder Japanese worshiped foxes
@@dperry19661 a
Where’d Doug perry go?🫥
*shakes fist and yells at the sky*
Y. PESTIS!!!!
I chuckled
"i'll get you next time, Pestis!"
"We would of cured it too! If it weren't for those meddling new strains..."
@@BlueGhostofSeaside "and its stupid genetic diversity!"
The bastards are getting antibiotic-resistant, to boot!
9 Months later:
"Corona has entered the Chat"
WOW....
Don’t worry, Abby, you’ll never get old or have any old person you care about.
@@abbyshort1185 sorry you don't have any family to care about.
Jenn Wanderer your loved ones have a higher chance of dying from so many other things. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, all other pathogens, car crash, etc. Way higher chance than coronavirus.
@@abbyshort1185 Corona does NOT in fact, only kill old people. What do you think happens to the people who get into car accidents while all the hospitals are already operating beyond it's capacity?
When TH-cam suggests a video that looks good, but, when you click on it you see that you already "liked" it sometime in the past you gotta ask yourself...
Should I watch it again?
Yes
The answer is always yes. 👍
Happens to me all the time.
Well, should ya?
Dear Malcolm, you must make that momentous choice yourself. I'll tell you my protocol, though. I reason that if I've already seen it but I can't remember it, it must not be very interesting. So I skip it. Occasionally I find the title so intriguing that I watch it again anyway...but I usually find that it is neither memorable nor particularly interesting.
As I did this time. I made an exception and watched, but I could have skipped it without robbing my life of its richness
Smallpox is eradicated, not extinct. It still exists in at least two labs in the world, and the WHO may or may not ever change their mind about keeping it.
Also heard that as the permafrost melts, it may release the smallpox virus lying dormant.
Logically WHO will never 100% kill off anything they study. As they may need it for later testing to deal with other variants. Or as technology advances, program an old one to do something else than kill. Just like holding onto scraps in your garage, could be handy later.
smallpox destroyed aint gonna happen...its like nuclear weapons...unless someone goes after all of them and detroys them, it just aint happening. and even then i somehow doubt it does not return because it also has been kept on other places but simply not known to the public.
I like The Who, I didn't know they were in charge of smallpox, there old drummer was the best
@@LEDewey_MD unlikely as small pox is a relatively new disease
No Brilliant or Skillshare ad at the end?
I'm surprised.
Thank you.
And thank you, to everyone that supports SciShow, financially and through your labor.
ABitOfTheUniverse thanks I feel so bad now as I’m just a broke kid with not a dime😔😏
Found the communist
I've read about the Cocoliztli outbreaks. That is one disease that sounds legit terrifying, like something from an apocalypse horror movie.
I just can’t think of a single disease with a black tongue as a symptom tho. Have you found anything in your research? I just don’t find paratyphoid a logical explanation.
@@Lenape_LadyIf it was any form of hemorrhagic fever, then your answer can actually be found within one not found in humans: epizootic hemorrhagic disease, or EHD, which currently has this symptom.
Black tongues in humans and animals can also be the secondary effects of certain bacteria and a lack of oxygen in the blood, though that is an unlikely explanation.
Since the currently predominant strain of paratyphoid fever can cause gastrointestinal and skin hemorrhage already, the idea of a version that can cause the type of oral discoloration and hemorrhage seen in EHD instead (or in conjunction) really isn’t out of the realm of possibility.
The announcer for this video is really good. He speaks quickly and covers the topic at a good pace. The subject was interesting, but not fascinating. His pace, however, compelled me to pay close attention. The camera work was also good by shifting from different views of the speaker. TY for making this video.
I like his delivery a lot better than the main guy's.
"By the next year, it's estimated that there were between 5,000 and 10,000 deaths PER DAY in the capital."
That is mind boggling. What did they do with all of the bodies? Dealing with hundreds of thousands more bodies per month must have caused at least a few issues.
That's how disease culls. It becomes kind of a cycle until either the local population disperses or is culled down to a few tough individuals who are immune. Far more effective and productive than a bunch of yahoos just shooting unlucky randos.
Mass graves. That's why a lot of these genetic archaeological finds are from mass graves.
they wheeled them out on carts like it was trash day
@@skrubknight884 "*CLANK* BRING OUT YER DEAD! *CLANK*" --Monty Python
Poorly. If COVID taught us anything, it’s that they tend to deal with bodies poorly. It’s hard to organise enough mass graves for these people at all.
8:28 "smallpox is now extinct!"
Anti Vaxers "Hold my Essential Oils."
Smallpox is still in North Korea. One of the recent publicized defectors had it.
If you are in the US military and will be stationed in South Korea, you have to be vaccinated.
GOD DANGIT I JUST MADE A JOKE LIKE THIS
Arthiem not true ..... how many private bio/pharmaceutical companies never mind them but government run ones have it locked up in vault .... bio warfare new version of fear nuclear weapons/warfare god just think of how easily and fast travel is and how many ppl come in contact with each other each day....god there is still plague !! And i think even worse version bc is septicemic ...Incase’s bubonic+pneumonic....different strains n resistant ahhhh 🙀
@@kristenkehrli1968 Yeah, but like, modern healthcare and knowledge of the spread of disease.
Arthiem 😭😂😂
The epidemic involving the Wampanoags in Massachusetts happens shortly after English explorer Bartholomew Gosnold came to the area in 1602. He explored Cape Cod and the Elizabeth Islands and even settled on Cuttyhunk for a time. I find it highly probable that the epidemic that hit the Wampanoags was of European origin - and likely that it involved contact with the English settlers/explorers who visited the region prior to the Pilgrims (who landed in 1620).
I read that after Tisquantum and several companions were kidnapped by an English captain. The locals were, understandably angry and out for revenge. The next ship that arrived was French and the locals kidnapped the crew. The Great Dying followed.
The story is in Charles Mann's book 1491.
This: th-cam.com/video/keiR6yqLcIo/w-d-xo.htmlsi=F8jg-z53KLjF102C&t=47
Even a Halfbreed like me has caught a few things that I still live with decades later. White People don't understand that they brought a plethora of diseases that we Natives don't have adequate immunity from. In my case, Bronchitis, Pneumonia & Mononucleosis were chronic illnesses for me when I was in junior high and high school and I never managed to get rid of them...
Maybe European rats/mice?
12:21 Person:What do you do for work?
PhD:I'm an epidemiologist, I study disease.
Person:Cool, what's that like?
PhD:I'm looking for mass graves!
Person: ... *backs away, slowly*
If someone said that to me, I would be eager to listen. :D
I though there are also archologists that do that as well, mostly it's them first then brings in the other doctors if something doesn't add up with cause of death. So eh, it requires two parties than one. But don't fret over too many of the plauge graves when they started buring the bodies with lime, it kills everything off.
@@SadSpectacle1 it's like how I started looking into a local ghost town for my youngest brother's college class and I was also interested in it's background, named originally Rough run after the creek running through it then West Winfield, and how it got wiped off the face of the Earth. No, disease didn't do it, Carnegie and later the government did it due to it being like a mining town and the fall of trains for mass transportation to buses and trucks. People may know of it's sister town better, Yellow dog, owned by a teacher who wants to make it an active historical mining town like Bedford village is an historical active town for the colonial period. Though it did have a mass pandemic, and there is a marker for it's mass grave area that's for the 1918 influenza epidemic, which is now almost 101 years old. And yes those buried there got a Catholic burial, thanks to the priest at St John the evanglists who found out that no services were being held for the deceased and that they were being mass dumped by a wagon due to being immigrants who worked at the limestone mine who just recently came over and had no relatives to bury them.
Backs away slowly, eyes never leaving him...
PhD: no! *looking* for mass graves! I don't fill them!
It would make sense to the Neolithic decline was caused by yersinia pestis. An increase in farming equals an increase in Grain eaters like rodents. Awesome video!
"This is the oldest known strain of The Plague"
Someone forgot the episode they did on weird things found in Amber... including a plague flea from millions of years ago...
the amber video came out after this video i think. so they probably didn't know about that.
Earth hasnt been around that long..
@@willviscarra3401 and what evidence and credentials do you have to back that up?
It’s the same strain, and they BELIEVE it was the same plague, Hank Green specified “it was the same size and shape of the same strain that caused the Black Death”
@@willviscarra3401 If biblical/ancient Mesopotamian and European cosmology is valid, then why haven't we been able to touch the firmament yet? Where is the massive ocean suspended above the blue sky and the clouds? Where are the massive earthen pillars keeping Earth from flailing around like the Sun, Moon, and stars? If the age of the Earth is literal in the holy books, so too is the rest of it. How do you reconcile any of that bs with modern cosmology? Are all astronomers wrong? Does the universe move around our stationary Earth? Do satellites and rocket hit a solid wall when they try to fly away from the Earth? Does rain sometimes pass through the firmament causing global floods?
The kind of mental gymnastics one must do to convince themselves of this ancient superstition in the face of modern discovery is massive. I hope you can find your way out of working so hard to continue believing a nonsensical delusion.
I bet there were people saying "it's just a flu bro" during these too.
Don’t worry trump told me it would magically disappear in a few weeks.... I mean that was like a year ago but I’m still holding out.
@@miles11we ... rip
@@miles11we Trump was counting on all of us to drink bleach, and shove light beams into our guts.
@@oldmech619 Hey at least I'm clean inside and out.
But at least nobody were trying to make them wear face masks or get vaccinated. They died with their freedumbs intact!
I remember in kindergarten there was an outbreak of cooties 🔥🔥🔥🔥
Circle Circle
Dot Dot
Now you have your cooties shot
UNLEASH And those icky girls were the carriers!
You all got lice?
@@Tokuijin No. Girl cooties! Yuck!
OMG my friend got that cause Becky handed him a cookie that idiot
watching this again, but this time a year and a half into Covid 19, is a whole different experience than watching it in 2019
I feel man. Buried my best friend and my dad to this.
@@CobaltBlueMask I am truly sorry for your loss.
May the rest of us finally get through this (before it gets even worse)…
@@CobaltBlueMask I am truly sorry for your loss.
May the rest of us finally get through this (before it gets even worse)…
@@CobaltBlueMask I am truly sorry for your loss.
May the rest of us finally get through this (before it gets even worse)…
@@CobaltBlueMask I am truly sorry for your loss.
May the rest of us finally get through this (before it gets even worse)…
Given the horrific plagues of the past, it's amazing that with reference to vaccination, it does NOT suffice to merely describe a person as either "pre-" or "post-" ...we actually have to include "anti-" as well!
We've tried so hard and come so far...
There used to be outbreaks of "Dancing Mania's" in the middle ages, where people would dance until they collapsed or sometimes even died. Speculation regarding the causes is varied and ranges from cultural movements to epilepsy.
ketefsky also mold on grain
The history of epidemics and how they spread is fascinating. By the way, how many people are watching this during a Covid lockdown?
Me! only 2 weeks to flatten the curve.
Nope, made it out
Neolithic mega-cities were enabled by large-scale grain cultivation and storage causing an unprecedented boom in rodent populations. Hence the likely domestication of cats and the first meeting of humans with bubonic plague. Is that hypothesis reasonable?
Poison Toad No. Bubonic Plague came from China both times.
May not have been yersinia pestis but rodents carry a lot of diseases so that's a pretty good theory. Ancient Egypt deified cats for some good reasons
@@genli5603 Yes. By rats, by ships. No reason it could/would not travel overland as well, or by small boats. Rats and fleas together carry and transmit a multitude of diseases. Cats are first line of defense, but cannot catch all rats (whose fleas jump to other animals - how long do these diseases last). Egyptians had the right idea.
cats were actually banned in england around the time of the plauge so
@@joolianfeline8198 Yes we owe so much to religion and superstition, to misuse of symbolism and belief that destroying a symbol somehow stops what is symbolized.
Could you do more Epidemiology videos? It's my passion and area of study. It also deserves more of the spotlight.
Pandemic, Black Death, Anthrax, Rinderpest, Bubonic... such amazing band names can be found in ancient outbreaks.
"I saw Rinderpest in Berlin recently, so it was so bad ass!!!"
Yes!
That first one you said bacteria couldn't survive the winter but weren't they in the rats and a smart rat is a warm/full rat.
Yeah, I thought of that too - there are lots of places, even in antiquity, where a rat could stay warm thru the winter...
It lasted through the winter because it survived for a couple of years only died out because the people did.
And soon enough, everyone will come here because of the coronavirus, all thanks to TH-cam Recommendations
I only clicked this video to see if this had made the comments yet.
Coronavirus is spreading faster online than in real life
and we heree
Lola Anyname same
yes
damn straight
The Plague : Hello humans, old friends, who can I kill now?
Humans : *Who are you*
The Plague: I am the one who knocks!!!
@@kingzor100 Humans : *dies*
Plague's Response: Your ancestor's worst nightmare
Hello there, wanna meet my friend penicillin?
@@guidoylosfreaks my enemies arrived 😭😭
....I saw this when it came out
...I liked a bunch of comments laughing about how we're going to be getting another epidemic soon
...Well. Things sure have changed a bit now haven't they?
True. And heavily ironic.
3:28 No one expects the Spanish physician.
To be fair, they're generally not one of the first things people think about when they think of Spain
Thanks for recommending this TH-cam. You really know how to make feel better.
High rainfall floods rat holes and sewers. Rats then get driven out of their homes into human settlements infecting us.
What makes you think that they aren't around us right now.? I get this feeling the rainfall part of your point is leading
..
Thank you for describing Justinian I as a Roman emperor and not a Byzantine one. Not relevant to the topic but I appreciate it. Good video.
Kinda looses those points by making a mess of the map, though
When I was a kid I thought Byzantine was "buy some time". I always wondered what they needed all the time for
Rewatching this with much different context
It's ancient history now, but I remember in middle school there being an outbreak of pimples.
It was a break-out outbreak.
Lol
Just thought I'd pop by to say that acne is some seriously annoying zit.
@@gravijta936 Acne isn't a big deal, unlike... chicken pox!!!!
3/10
Raiden TheKat not good, not terrible
I never get tired of the theme music for SciShow!
Plague: *Kicks down door out of China with a new strain* "Hey, people! It's your old friend Y.P. Did you miss me?"
Humanity: "Not again!"
Sars cov2: eyyyy bois!!
Actually predicted the future.
Ashla Icebreaker this is too specific and too accurate!
Technically this prediction is too specific to be accurate to the current circumstances. Yersinia pestis isn't coronavirus
I'm a little confused as the classification of Leptospirosis as a tropical disease. I'm a veterinarian in Canada and I vaccinate most dogs that I see for lepto. I also have a couple confirmed cases each year that we attempt to treat. I have colleagues further north that see many cases a year. There are different strains of the bacteria, but we have at least 4-6 strains that most definitely manage the cold. Dogs tend to be more at risk than people but it is zoonotic. I believe it's survival over winter is likely in dear and raccoons, the carrier species, as it is not very environmentally stable. Anyway seems strange to refer to it as tropical as I've always been taught it as pretty much endemic, at least from a veterinary perspective.
Does ambient temperature affect the spread of the disease to humans?
Oh! I can actually answer this one. It’s because of the water.
While Lepto is technically endemic everywhere, the severe pulmonary version that is considered clinically significant in humans is also considered an endemic disease with substantial human morbidity in tropical settings. High rainfall and humidity = high amounts of surface water, and Leptospirosis is transmitted to humans via surface waters contaminated with the urine of infected animals. Add that to bacteria’s habit to grow explosively in warm, moist areas, and you get Lepto being classified as tropical in the lens of human infections.
While a handful of the dangerous human infections happen in rural and urban areas across the globe, the majority of them come from tropical populations or those that recently visited them.
Don't worry guys, its just the Devs using some nerfs on Humans so they don't get too OP
HistoryLore, just come here from Tier Zoo, too?
Oh, okay then. I was getting a little worried there
Thank's man, that was great!
Tier zoo lol
Maybe Tier zoo can cover the patch notes from around the eras of all major plagues to give an an idea of why the nerfs happened.
Here starts the new fashion trend, flea collars...and bracelets...and anklettes.
I eat a burrito from a convenience store and got all of these symptoms. I'm pretty sure they had burritos back then but I don't think they had convenience stores.
If you ever do a Part Two for this, my vote is for the Sweating Sickness!
Am I going mad or does the theme song get *ever* so slightly slower every week?
Like by 2025 it’ll take 2 full minutes
I don't know why this made me laugh out loud, but it did. Thanks!
Leading cause of epidemics in humans; Too many people living very close to each other (local overpopulation).
Cholera, Typhus, influenza, polio, Measles, plague, ... etc, spread very quickly in dense populations.
Bigger cities are not always better!
And people wonder why I'm terrified of large cities. I don't wanna go to New York and get terrorist attacked with anthrax, thank you
And people forget why livestock gets fed antibiotics. It's the hormones that are for enhancing growth. The ABs are for controlling the disease outbreaks that always come with crowding. And now we're crowding livestock because the human population won't stabilize itself (because of turdwhirled religionioids and their precious "cultures" that we're not allowed to criticize, and by gods, don't tell them to use birth control, you're only allowed to preach birth control to the all-white castrati choir) .... I wonder when the Watermelons of the world start picking on the goats and sheep as hard as they pick on cows and pigs ...
I wonder if in some of these there is a case to investigate multiple simultaneous infections - ala coinfections?
Yeah maybe it was the Collab of the century in a way. Or it was too effective in killing so it killed before it had the time to infect someone else. Especially in a time without international travel like we have now
Disappointed this didn't include the medieval European dancing mania.
What?
@@WouldntULikeToKnow. th-cam.com/video/zIYw9WDwWvY/w-d-xo.html
That and the weird English sweating sickness
@@WouldntULikeToKnow.
In France they called it "La dance de Saint Guille"...
When a little kid dances around because they need to go to the bathroom, parents sometimes ask them if they have "The dance de St. Guille..." lol
Ancient stories find their ways into today's manner of speaking...
That was caused by, probably, mass hysteria brought on by ergotism, NOT a bacteria or virus. Ergotism is caused by a mold in the staple grains of the diet, a mold that has an active ingredient that is a chemical sibling to Lysergergic acid diethylamide, or LSD... . The chemical in the ergot mold is Lysergic Acid Amide, or LSA.
Dying of an infection was very common in the recent past. We forget how scary was life then. And it explains how population was so scarce even with women having more than 10 children each.
Only in European nations were people dying of infections.
Colonization is the #1 cause of infections, disease, & death in non European nations & continents.
God was just playing Plague Inc.
I both thought "Oh nooooo" and "y e s"
God designed a horrible world for life. Why disease at all? Major design flaw.
Life is a test as Adam and Eve had been fooled by Lucifer and we are being punished
The ones that die early are the ones who are the good
@@kaleblikesfrogs Is that, a *double* Jojo reference?!
He is playing a new one. Coronavirus
I really liked the way this video was put together and how the stories were told. 10/10
Somebody get that man a pocket protector.
I have been loving the curiositysteam documentary ads. Watched “first man” about our ancestors and it completely stole my attention.
This is interesting to watch during the 2020 Sars-CoV-2 pandemic
Thanks for taking the time to teach me these fascinating things.
"This could help us predict the next outbreak"
Less than a year later...
It’s fascinating that there are so many methods for studying ancient outbreaks.
"could give us the insight to predict the next big outbreak" nope!
Technically it did. It's just that nobody in positions of power listened.
Corona will one day be apart of these types of videos
Him: studying plagues from the past might help us figure out thee next big outbreak
Me:so...what are you going to do about this,
Damn, those are some really.... *retro* viruses
Justinia Plague is now my drag name
No, Just-in-ya Plague. It's a terrible play on the words, but great for a name.
Thank you, this was very interesting and enlightening. However comprehension would have been easier if the orator had added the occasional fullstop (period) into the dialogue rather that speaking in one long sentence from beginning to end.
As a historian, never count out Yersinia pestis is my new catch phrase.
Mine came from a history teacher I had, who said "When in doubt, blame the British!"
Holy crap. We are so fortunate.
Outbreak of memes earlier this decade has to be the most catastrophic of all time.
And here we have the future most liked comment on this video
Sebastian Elytron twenty million dead, around 60 million’s lives ruined.
Quick, someone develop a vaccine for memes.
Michael Gibb Tik tok
oh no
I have a bit of an obsession with epidemiology videos. My mom was a USDA epidemiologist for over 30 years, and I'm a vet tech. These kinds of videos really tickle my nerdy fancy.
Imagine the world population if there was never any plagues
There would probably be 4-5x as many people lol if not more
Funny, the video is from before the pandemic but the description from afterwards ^^
SCISHOW HELPS ME IN REGISTERED NURSE SCHOOL!
do they teach nurses about rare diseases
Ditto, SciShow and Crash Course (also Khan Academy)
@@AcidOverseer- epidemiology, physiology, pathophysiology, genetics, public health etc...
All of you reading this, you are special!!!
You are the product of millions of years of evolution and every one of your ancestors survived these and other plagues, diseases, accidents, murders, sudden deaths etc at least until they had children.
We are ALL THAT LUCKY!!!
So enjoy your Life, it is a true gift!!!
And be nice to each other and to other Living beings, we are all special, plants and animals alike.
Finally something about my favourite Chaos god!
I think Leishmaniasis fits the first one better that leptospirosis. It's a parasite that has bugs as a vector like ticks, fleas, etcétera; but it covers everything. Skin lesions rather than spots, yellowing caused by jaundice when it attacks the liver, mucocutanious leishmaniasis causes nose bleeds. It can survive in cold climates when in a person, and can be transmitted through bodily fluids or faces if eggs are present. Since they'd be using the river to dispose of waste, the entire river would be contaminated with eggs. Water getting in the eyes, nose, cuts, scrapes, or even contaminated food fits the criteria to a T
Historically famous/deadly virus: Hey
Me (while on quarantine for like 40 days?): Sorry I’ve got enough with corona
Very well done, but I am surprised that the sweating sickness wasn't mentioned.
I don't like the unsolved ones like sleeping sickness. If we don't understand what caused the last outbreak then we know for sure another outbreak of the same will cycle back around and we'll be no better prepared than we were the first time. The next pandemic will be 10x worse than covid cause all those who will now refuse to believe the epidemiologist and will refuse to take precautions. It's gonna be nasty.
Nice video! It makes me wonder what became of the Roanoke colony
This is the first time I've ever felt hopeful that we would stand a chance against the next pandemic. If we can learn the lessons of the past. . .
A few did almost happen-SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), H5N1 (avian flu), H1N1 (swine flu), Ebola, and the Zika virus and those were in this century.
Laughs and cries in 2023…yeah we didn’t do so well at preventing the next one.
This aged poorly
Stephan and SciShow. Educating the world, and making it just a little less stupid. Brilliant.
Awesome video had me contemplating what our ancestors went through
Alfredo Gonzalez a lot.
Had me contemplating the fact the humans are still here. I wonder about the traits that died out.
Well now we all got to experience it firsthand
Wow I'm watching this 4 years later to the day. Nice
"the great dying"
*hmm, my ancient nerd senses are tingling*
I wish the world could know who Patient Zero is, concerning the Covid-19 pandemic!
The 2019 Corona virus pandemic brought me here. Who's with me? 🙋
FANTASTIC video. Thank you. Subbed.
It's often said that a skillful or talented enemy deserves full honor and respect. And I gotta say that Yersinia Pestis definitely has my respect. It seems to be Natures main power card, which it uses whenever humanity gets a bit too cocky. With the ongoing events unfolding, the last thing I want to see, is a new outbreak of Yersinia Pestis, formed from a new string, which also happens to be resistant to all current medicine that can kill it.
Also, what about the Dancing Plague?
It sure deserves respect. Actually, while doing research on Y.pestis during my biology studies (yes, I found the subject particularly interesting) I read something about a case of plague in Madagascar in 1995 in which the specific strain was resistant to all medicine recommended against it. Yet, as far as I know, it wasn't seen again afterwards (though other strains of Y.pestis can still be found throughout the island).
Y. pestis is Nature's version of the Uno "draw 4" card
The Dancing Plague wasn't a disease caused by bacteria, or viruses it was a Mass Hysteria. A mental outbreak caused by a lack of good nutrition.
Is Stefan new or am I just out of the loop? Love him. Great video. 👏💗
He has been around pretty much forever! You see him alot on sci-show quiz show!
Humans: *exists*
Mother Nature: hold up, that can't be legal
At 6:40 'plagues associated with times of unusual rainfall', together with the the fact of rodents/fleas being likely reservoirs of Yersinia pestis, suggests to me the following scenario: in heavy rains, rodents are likely to be flooded out of burrows and nests, and to seek warmer drier shelter - often in human habitations. There, some fleas may spread from their normal host to humans, carrying the disease. Also, rodents that drown may have surviving flea populations that hungrily jump to any available passing live mammal - such as domesticated animals, pets, or directly to humans.
Regarding Cocoliztli, I think it should have been noted that the language it comes from, Nahuatl, is the Aztec language, and also gave us words such as Tomato ("Tomatl", though ironically this was speffically tomatillos, they called Tomato's Xitomatl), Coyote ("Coyotl"), Ocelot ("Ocelotl", which wwas the word for Jaguar), and most words in Mexican Cuisuine like Tortilla, Tamale, Mole, Advocaco, Guacmole, Chili, etc. I think it also goes to show you how much the Spanish Conquest easily could have turned out differently: In history class, most lessons on it stop with the fall of the Aztec captial in 1521, but in reality there were hundreds of city-states and empires in the region that didn't cede to Spanish authority. Most of the region was not pacified until the late 1500's, nearly 60-80 years, with some parts never actually really being under Spanish control: The fact that it took that long despite the absolutely massive population losses due to the Smallpox and Cocoliztli outbreaks, and despite the fact that Spainish Conquistadors were being added by much larger armies from native states they allied with, goes to show that contrary to population perception, the conflict was very hard fought, and had the outbreaks not been as severe or Spain hadn't been able to ally with native city-states, they may have never conquered it.
Except tortilla is a Spanish word, not aztec, the nahuatl word for tortilla is "tlaxcalli".
@@elathan4542 Ah, that's correct, I got mixed up there!
Thanks for this comment! I love learning about new Nahuatl words; they have a similar sound as my tribe's language: "tl." (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_lateral_fricatives#Dental_or_denti-alveolar) I wish more people pronounced it; it's a cool sound.
Thanks for posting & for your attention to detail (pronunciation especially)
God bless TH-cam algorithm
very impressive video, Stefan has an impressive like to unlike ratio. Around the 1 to 100 magnitudes. Pretty cool!
Scientific community: Smallpox is gone
Russia and US: Yeah... about that
Carolyn Thomas What's that supposed to mean? We have samples, but we aren't spreading them or anything.
@@kiiwikiori7542 That's what they mean. We wiped out smallpox in the wild but we still have those samples. And the WHO still has not taken a position on destroying the rest of it.
@@EpicB Actually if my memory serves me right, smallpox doesn't exactly exist in the wild. We manged to kill it because it only affected humans. Yes we got rid of all human cases. And yes it was kept in labs in case it came back. After an incident in a lab in the UK, it was decided by the WHO that all strains would be kept in a centralized place and destroyed everywhere else. Since the Cold War was still on it was agreed that all samples would be spilt between the USA and USSR to be kept in one lab in their country. As far as I know that's the last time the WHO took a position on it. There's little chance any further steps will be made as long as there are no incidents reported about smallpox escaping one of those labs.
@@nate7790 What I meant by "in the wild" is that we've eradicated it completely outside of the handful of samples we've kept around. I meant "the wild" more metaphorically.
Yeah, watching this in 2021 really hits different.
And the Plague may be showing up again in California. Fun.
Appreciate this, likely those references & monitoring may become current after nearly thirty years?
I thought the great dying referred to the Permian extinction
Crazy watching his now after 2020
*OOOH, FLEAS ON RATS, FLEAS ON RATS!*
Always interesting, thank you.