Empire vs The Papacy (Guelphs vs Ghibellines)

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8:48 OK technically Charlemagne wasn't the one who "directly" appointed Leo 3rd but his influence and protection was the only reason why Leo became and remained a Pope.
1:01 This practice was done before Charlemagne and some people may argue that it was in fact Justinian who set this precedent but it is without a doubt that Charlemagne had a big part in it and we had to start somewhere.
1:45 This was hardly a short affair. It happened over the course of around 35 years (since 1050) and involved various Popes although the most notable one was Gregory VII.
2:22 Henry was also excommunicated, and he also appointed an anti Pope to fight against the current pope , etc.
2:32 King of the Germans was an elected (by prince electors) ruler of what we know as the Holy Roman Empire. And even though King of the Germans effectively ruled over the HRE he technically was only called the Holy Roman Emperor if the Pope crowned him as such.
So Henry the 4th wasn't crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor (up until now) but he was crowned as the King of the Germans
2:48 Pour choice of words, it was only "dubious" depending on what side you look at it from.
2:52 There's no time to get in to the Investiture Controversy you can read more about it here if you want. en.wikipedia.o...
3:48 Although the power struggle between the Papacy and the HRE in the area existed ever since the signing of the Concordat of Worms.
3:45 The Papal States where just that, States. So there existed divisions within the Papal states with varying amount of autonomy. But on the map I only shown the states which had the most autonomy and the rest I just put together in to the Papal States.
4:13 First was the treaty of Venice and then the was the full peace treaty.
4:15 The Lombard league would be rekindled few more times against the the HRE but these where more focused around the church vs the empire struggles that came about later, rather then a true league of most Italian city states, like the first one was.
5:30 Of course the exact reasons for a city to be pro imperial or pro church, varied city by city and it wasn't always as clear cut as to be portrait completely accurately on a map. Therefor my map is "in general" accurate but each city/area is special in how it dealt with the Guelphs vs Ghibellines struggle.
6:07 Ghibellines cut fruit at a table crosswise, Guelphs straight down.
6:25 The interregnum was a period between 1245 and 1312 where the combination of various events from the princess unable to decide on a new king, to multiple pretender kings, plus Papal insurgency, resulted in the 65 year long succession crises.
6:55 Of course each battle had its own unique reasons for happening but all the battles during this period had a continues overarching plot of Church vs the Empire. I am also not showing all the battles that occurred during this era here.
6:51 Even though the legitimate emperor Fredric II didn't die until 1250, the interregnum started during the last 5 years of his reign due to the pope crowning an anti Holy Roman Emperor to take power away from Fredrick.
8:02 Dante also fought in the battle of Campaldino.
8:55 Even though the Pope and the Emperor will through out history support various pro church and pro imperial factions, over all the parties turned too radical for both of them to be able to "fully" control the situation.
#History #Animated #Italy #Guelphs #Ghibellines