Thank you. The purpose of roasting the ore is partly to get all organic materials and humidity removed from the ore, but more importantly the ore itself is reduved from Fe3O4 to FeO. In other words already by the roasting you have a refined ore - a more pure product that goes inside the furnace. Theoretically it should be possible to put the raw ore into the furnace - and the same things happen there, but archaeology shows that roasting of ore is very common on iron age production sites.
Most of these artefacts used, such as the tongues and the hammer is actually reconstructed based on archeoalogical finds from the viking age. But your question is very interesting, regarding the first people who managed to make the iron - and what type of tools and technology they were using. And how they came to think about something like this... it is quite a complex process..
@mrtechnology100 This technic was in use from around 600 AD - 1400 AD. The Scandinavians used a slightly different technique in the period before that. Iron production was common in some parts of Norway around 3-500 BC.
Search for a video titled "Bog Iron" in TH-cam; it describes the process by which ore was found and retrieved in Early Iron Age Europe. Also, look up limonite and hematite in Wikipedia. Bog iron is usually a limonite formation, and was used regularly in the early Iron Age as the source for iron; it's what's being used in this video. Today, limonite and hematite are typically both used to smelt first iron from, but most of what goes into the Bessemer vessel is recycled scrap iron, really
This furnace stack is the shortest I've ever seen in these re-enactment videos, yet it clearly still works. Would it have measured perhaps 450mm high or so in this smelt? Kind regards.
Thanks for the great video , here in Connecticut they had a bit of a similar industry, I see how much wood and work it took , question , how many more times do i have to hit it to get an Ipad, LOL shows how hard our ancestors worked to survive and prosper.
You need a modern heat source to get it up to that temperature, like induction or propane, there are limitations when using coal. It might work in a crucible, but for that you need particular clean ore, bog iron is fairly impure.
@snezzzen I am not sure I understand what you are asking for. If you mean how to turn iron into steel, this is done after the iron is produced in the smithy. Then carbon is added to the low carbon iron, through a series of heating and cooling the iron. I suggest you contact K.G. Linblad at Bäckedal folkehøgskole in Sweden for detailed information on this.
zachary rapoza ...By adding an impurity called Carbon to iron. Iron ore, some powdered charcoal(aka carbon) and some glass (to absorb unwanted impurities) is placed in a crucible. The crucible is then sealed and placed in the kiln and heated to the melting temperature of iron and kept there for a period of time. When the crucible is smashed there's a steel ingot inside. The more charcoal powder you add, the harder but more brittle the steel. When Iron absorbs Carbon it becomes harder, yet more brittle. We call this Iron, Steel. When Titanium absorbs oxygen it too becomes harder yet more brittle.
Beau film. on comprend bien toute les étapes. pour le couteau c'est sûr il y a un petit lézard, mais je suis sur que le but est bien montrer comment ils passaient du minerai fer au barreaux de fer pur, qui lui contient déjà naturellement un certain % de carbone. Comment le rendre acier pour en faire des outils plus robuste çà c'est une autre histoire. Peux être un accident de bas fourneaux et le constat d'un barreau de fer plus riche en carbone?
@tulius01 If I remember correct, we started out with ca. 10 kg iron ore.... and the result can be better than this, but it was the first try in this furnace.
@snezzzen i think they did have a better understanding. it took thousands of years for man to figure that out. even down to the coal making process. its only knowledge built on top of knowledge. now people dont know these things because corporations do this behind closed doors with specialists. back in the day, a child could watch his father doing this and he would know and possibly even find a better way to do it. now knowledge is almost completely compartmentalized.
One of the best videos on iron production I’ve seen
Thank you. The purpose of roasting the ore is partly to get all organic materials and humidity removed from the ore, but more importantly the ore itself is reduved from Fe3O4 to FeO. In other words already by the roasting you have a refined ore - a more pure product that goes inside the furnace. Theoretically it should be possible to put the raw ore into the furnace - and the same things happen there, but archaeology shows that roasting of ore is very common on iron age production sites.
Most of these artefacts used, such as the tongues and the hammer is actually reconstructed based on archeoalogical finds from the viking age. But your question is very interesting, regarding the first people who managed to make the iron - and what type of tools and technology they were using. And how they came to think about something like this... it is quite a complex process..
Lot of work to get that one small billet !
@mrtechnology100
This technic was in use from around 600 AD - 1400 AD. The Scandinavians
used a slightly different technique in the period before that. Iron production was common in some parts of Norway around 3-500 BC.
Thanks for the knowledge. This is how civilizations moved ahead.
The Lofotr Museum certainly does some great videos.
Search for a video titled "Bog Iron" in TH-cam; it describes the process by which ore was found and retrieved in Early Iron Age Europe.
Also, look up limonite and hematite in Wikipedia. Bog iron is usually a limonite formation, and was used regularly in the early Iron Age as the source for iron; it's what's being used in this video. Today, limonite and hematite are typically both used to smelt first iron from, but most of what goes into the Bessemer vessel is recycled scrap iron, really
that ingot might as well be treated like solid gold after all that work, very nice video
I've seen a few videos of this process, but none show the roasting of the ore. I was wondering what the purpose of this is.
Good video
Their method produced some really nice charcoal. I don't recall them ever mentioning how they found the iron ore.
They went to the bog they showed at the beginning and digged up all the red dirt.
Seeing the rather small piece of steel you got in the end with how much iron ore did start out in the first place?
thank you for satiating my curiosity.
And this is where all the trees went.
This furnace stack is the shortest I've ever seen in these re-enactment videos, yet it clearly still works. Would it have measured perhaps 450mm high or so in this smelt? Kind regards.
How far above the floor is the tuyere in this furnace design?
Thanks for the great video , here in Connecticut they had a bit of a similar industry, I see how much wood and work it took , question , how many more times do i have to hit it to get an Ipad, LOL shows how hard our ancestors worked to survive and prosper.
Wow. nice video. i do allot of viking projects on my channel and found this video to be super educational!! thanks for posting.
Very interesting... but if you heat the iron up to 2000 Celcius degreeses wouldnt it be much better than hammer it ?
If you could do that in a crucible, then sure. But remember, viking age technology wasn't that far ahead.
You need a modern heat source to get it up to that temperature, like induction or propane, there are limitations when using coal.
It might work in a crucible, but for that you need particular clean ore, bog iron is fairly impure.
Cleverson Santos
Cast iron sucks, it's much weaker.
very hard temp to obtain xd
@snezzzen I am not sure I understand what you are asking for. If you mean how to turn iron into steel, this is done after the iron is produced in the smithy. Then carbon is added to the low carbon iron, through a series of heating and cooling the iron. I suggest you contact K.G. Linblad at Bäckedal folkehøgskole in Sweden for detailed information on this.
good video,,thanks for sharing.....its amazing at the work involved.....
......bill
how old is this technic????
excellent!, i would like to know how to fetch and identify iron ore, is there a video?
It's was big at the end was small??
I it's iron? Not steel? If it isn't steel what would you have to do tithe ingot to make it into steel
zachary rapoza ...By adding an impurity called Carbon to iron.
Iron ore, some powdered charcoal(aka carbon) and some glass (to absorb unwanted impurities) is placed in a crucible. The crucible is then sealed and placed in the kiln and heated to the melting temperature of iron and kept there for a period of time. When the crucible is smashed there's a steel ingot inside. The more charcoal powder you add, the harder but more brittle the steel.
When Iron absorbs Carbon it becomes harder, yet more brittle. We call this Iron, Steel.
When Titanium absorbs oxygen it too becomes harder yet more brittle.
It would of made sense that the bloom was sent to the black smith, since there is nothing further that could of been done.
Beau film. on comprend bien toute les étapes.
pour le couteau c'est sûr il y a un petit lézard, mais je suis sur que le but est bien montrer comment ils passaient du minerai fer au barreaux de fer pur, qui lui contient déjà naturellement un certain % de carbone. Comment le rendre acier pour en faire des outils plus robuste çà c'est une autre histoire. Peux être un accident de bas fourneaux et le constat d'un barreau de fer plus riche en carbone?
Man, after watching this one, I am eager to know what's coming next
what is that air pump called?
In english its called bellow. In scandinavian languages - "blåsebelg".
Geir Are Johansen thanks
I think the shovel kind of ruins the whole expreince.
this is incredible...
mow much iron did you get total?
@tulius01
If I remember correct, we started out with ca. 10 kg
iron ore.... and the result can be better than this, but it was
the first try in this furnace.
@Kingofsomething87 It weighed 600 g.
QUITE THE PROCESS. THANK U GARE
@snezzzen i think they did have a better understanding. it took thousands of years for man to figure that out. even down to the coal making process. its only knowledge built on top of knowledge. now people dont know these things because corporations do this behind closed doors with specialists. back in the day, a child could watch his father doing this and he would know and possibly even find a better way to do it. now knowledge is almost completely compartmentalized.
My nerd brain shortened the Lofotr to lotr by accident.
@ArtistBlade1972 It was 15 cm. from the floor.
It was also a big deal for many in the viking ages because it indicated whoever wielded one was of high rank and valor.
so much work to produce so little....that's it i give up
600 g
An iPad is made from aluminum.
Skyrim in real life!
now I understand why having a sword was such a big deal, lol :)
Swords cost more than houses back then.
Iron age my ass; Tongs, Anvil, Hammer, Cutter, start with these and let's talk about iron age again.