The Four Papal Basilicas of Rome: a look at the facades

We explore the exteriors of the Four Papal Basilicas of Rome: St. Peter's Basilica, the Basilica of St. John Lateran, the Basilica of St. Mary Major, and the Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls. This video focuses primarily on the stunning exteriors of these architectural marvels, with a few glimpses inside to highlight their grandeur. While it is not a comprehensive walkthrough, it provides a fascinating look at some of the most significant religious sites in the world.
What Makes Them Papal?
The Papal Basilicas are designated as such because they are directly associated with the Pope and hold special privileges. Each basilica is a major center for Catholic worship and has unique roles in the liturgical and administrative functions of the Roman Catholic Church. They are among the most important churches in Rome and are sites of major religious ceremonies and papal events. The designation of "Papal" emphasizes their significance in the church hierarchy and their direct connection to the Holy See.
1. St. Peter's Basilica (Basilica di San Pietro)
Located in Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica is perhaps the most famous of the four. It is traditionally considered the burial site of Saint Peter, one of Jesus's Apostles and the first Pope. The current basilica was completed in the 17th century and is renowned for its Renaissance architecture, especially its massive dome designed by Michelangelo. The basilica's grand interior includes masterpieces such as Michelangelo's Pietà and Bernini's Baldacchino. It is a central place of pilgrimage and the site of the Papal liturgies.
2. Basilica of St. John Lateran (San Giovanni in Laterano)
The Basilica of St. John Lateran holds the title of the Cathedral of Rome and the official ecclesiastical seat of the Pope. As the oldest and highest-ranking of the four Papal Basilicas, it is also known as the "Mother and Head of all churches in Rome and the world." Founded in the 4th century by Emperor Constantine, it has undergone numerous renovations. The basilica's facade, completed in the 18th century, features statues of Christ and the saints. The interior is decorated with impressive mosaics and contains the Altar of the Holy Sacrament, believed to be part of the table used by Christ at the Last Supper.
3. Basilica of St. Mary Major (Santa Maria Maggiore)
The Basilica of St. Mary Major is the largest church in Rome dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was built in the 5th century and has a distinctive mix of architectural styles, from early Christian to baroque. One of its most notable features is the mosaics, some of which date back to its original construction. The basilica also houses the relic of the Holy Crib, believed to be the manger where Jesus was laid after his birth. This basilica is one of the four major pilgrimage churches of Rome.
4. Basilica of St. Paul Outside the Walls (San Paolo fuori le Mura)
This basilica is located outside the ancient walls of Rome, on the site where St. Paul the Apostle is believed to be buried. The original basilica was founded by Emperor Constantine in the 4th century, but it was rebuilt in the 19th century after a devastating fire. The basilica's vast interior features a series of mosaics and a striking triumphal arch. It is also notable for the portraits of all the Popes, from St. Peter to the current pontiff, lining the walls of the nave.
These four basilicas are inclusive in this illustrious group due to their historical importance, architectural grandeur, and direct association with the Pope. They each serve unique and essential roles in the Catholic Church, making them central to the religious and cultural heritage of Rome.

[@marypoulsen]

Beautiful!