Lower Limb Anatomy | Bones and Joints

In human anatomy, the lower leg is the part of the lower limb that lies between the knee and the ankle. The thigh is between the hip and knee and makes up the rest of the lower limb. The term lower limb or "lower extremity" is commonly used to describe all of the leg. This article generally follows the common usage.
The major bones of the leg are the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and adjacent fibula, and these are all long bones. The patella (kneecap) is the sesamoid bone in front of the knee. Most of the leg skeleton has bony prominences and margins that can be palpated and some serve as anatomical landmarks that define the extent of the leg. These landmarks are the anterior superior iliac spine, the greater trochanter, the superior margin of the medial condyle of tibia, and the medial malleolus. Notable exceptions to palpation are the hip joint, and the neck and body, or shaft of the femur.
Usually, the large joints of the lower limb are aligned in a straight line, which represents the mechanical longitudinal axis of the leg, the Mikulicz line. This line stretches from the hip joint (or more precisely the head of the femur), through the knee joint (the intercondylar eminence of the tibia), and down to the center of the ankle (the ankle mortise, the fork-like grip between the medial and lateral malleoli). In the tibial shaft, the mechanical and anatomical axes coincide, but in the femoral shaft they diverge 6°, resulting in the femorotibial angle of 174° in a leg with normal axial alignment. A leg is considered straight when, with the feet brought together, both the medial malleoli of the ankle and the medial condyles of the knee are touching. Divergence from the normal femorotibial angle is called genu varum if the center of the knee joint is lateral to the mechanical axis (intermalleolar distance exceeds 3 cm), and genu valgum if it is medial to the mechanical axis (intercondylar distance exceeds 5 cm). These conditions impose unbalanced loads on the joints and stretching of either the thigh's adductors and abductors.

[@sanamalik-rs7ho]

Superb video and explanation just wow 💯💯💯💯

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..

[@saifalhammadi4796]

Keep going my friend this is very helpful

[@michaeleisenberg7867]

Nice job, Shabir! You get an A+!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Dr Mike

[@aiyushsharma1167]

Bhai! Great to see your video after long time. Your videos are awesome. I am your follower since 2019. I apologize that I counldn't follow your videos for long time in between. But, I also feel sorry that youtubers like you are still not in limelight. And youtubers like physics wallah are catching people eye in few days. I consider them jumlebaaz.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Aiyush for appreciation..Glad to know that.....❤️❤️ lots of love

[@pubglover709]

❤️

[@umerfarooqbiology7083]

everything is clear thanks hussain, i will start skeletal system learning hope you upload more videos

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Umar for appreciation..

[@sabarkhanlectures5528]

Very nice 👌

[@toshendradansena8571]

Best topic covarage .....sir please cover all the topics of csir net life science

[@michaeleisenberg7867]

Shabir. I have an idea. Or a thought. If you believe in quantum mechanics and thermodynamics then you might think that the same elements would form everywhere in the universe. That would mean if you have a planet orbiting a sun at the same distance, with the same tilt, and with evolution somewhat conserved, other locations should have life like us.
I assume there's only a finite way that a molten blob can form the periodic table and those elements would naturally come together to form molecules just the way it happened on earth.

[@hussainbiology]

Speechless ✌️✌️✌️✌️ ❤️

[@michaeleisenberg7867]

@@hussainbiology
Hello Shabir,
I Googled how many galaxies and planets:
2 trillion galaxies within the visible Universe and
10^25 planets that orbit stars.

[@priyankakhattri9694]

Great 👍🏻

[@kumararsekar9882]

Greats

[@Khana_PakhanawithMehwish]

👍

[@priyankaswami6552]

❤️❤️

[@Iamkayc]

I like it but you’re too fast 😭

[@hussainbiology]

apologies

[@hafsii1662]

You could reduce the speed of the audio.

[@mariwanahmed2439]

You should learn American accent btw thank you

[@hussainbiology]

how to learn that...i would love to learn

[@sssilva100]

British would be better

[@VG_Ng]

Let's learn to appreciate people, his way of speaking reflects his mother tongue which is indian