Power Inverters Explained - How do they work working principle IGBT
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 พ.ค. 2024
- Power inverter explained. In this video we take a look at how inverters work. We look at power inverters used in cars and solar power to understand the basics of how they operate. We then cover electricity fundamentals, direct current, dc, ac, alternating current, single phase, three phase and split phase, electricity, pulse width modulation, variable speed drives, three phase rectification and more.
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#electrical #electronics #engineering
inverters, igbts, power inverter, solar power, car inverter
⚠️ *Found this super useful?* You can buy Paul a coffee to say thanks: ☕
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Thank you very much for your support. We are on Patreon 😉 link in the video description BUT we just launched TH-cam membership which I want to move supporters over to as its feature packed and easier for me to manage all in one place. You should see a join button under the videos now. TH-cam do take a 32% cut unfortunately but the simplicity and features mean I can spend more time on making animations
Make signals video
Can you make a video on inverter used in tesla model S and also tell how to make one with list of all components ,im planning to power my car on electricity . Please help, i was not able to find its design anywhere on internet!
Definitely doing that now! It is easier to follow and understand your tutorials. Thanks
Sir.....audio visual demonstrations are always the best method of making the making-out, according to my thought. Why our schools-colleges don't arrange mass by Documentations?
😭
Thank You Sir.
3 hours of your videos would replace my whole 4 year highschool education. Its just mind blowing how far IT has come. You sir are doing honorable work here.
School is a bloody scam... 16 years of education and you probably don't have any skills... just a bunch of theories which you probably just crammed to pass exams... useless
No you are learning attentively, your brain developed to understand quickly.
I think your over exaggerating slightly or more like your high school education was all about the polo bears melting on account of us people driving cars, halfwit ‘students’ without any common sense!.
Heck my community college uses you videos and ac service tech😂
You explained this 1000000000 times better than my lecturer. Thank you
Tell him/her to show our video in class, it's free
Yeah technically it's free but it cost huge ego of our teachers
@@shrinarayan980 lol
@@EngineeringMindset yeah its free but i think teacher are way too old school to want this in school programs....i went to electromecanic school twice and got out of there with a job but nothing i remembered of my teacher now with online learning like these video im finally living the best job in the world....teacher are most of the time wannabe bad mecanic or electrician so they end up teaching it because they cant get the job asked done ....sadly
You are right brother
Just one word "Love" your work ! Amazes me what I lost in my Engineering and what I gain here and other videos of yours. Will definitely pursue my Masters after a gap of 15 long years working in IT. Thank you !!
I rarely comment but here I have to. I am an engineering student and I have to finish this assessment for next week, part of the assessment is to design an inverter that is connecting a solar pannel to AC loads. I must confess that until now I only had a vague idea of what an inverter is, but with this video I finally have a complete understanding of the working of such a device. Power electronics is clearly not my favorite course but at least you have made it comprehensible, thank you very much.
For an engineering student who doesn’t hardly know much about an inverter, does indeed say something about today’s ‘students’ probably out blocking traffic and glueing themselves to Aeroplanes because we humans are melting the ‘planet’!
@@astragreen What are you talking about?
@@svwtsvfcbSeems like astragreen has decided you waste your time as an activist student, blocking traffic and other things, because of what you admitted. Astragreen seems to believe university students are mostly leftwing marxist reprobate minds, who've wasted their time becomming brainwashed activist useless eaters, other than educated, driven, members of society who are the next generation engineers, scientists, researchers etc..
Astrogreen is right that the world has lost thousands of youths to the cesspool of the left. But astrogreen is wrong to judge you without real evidence.
Judge not, that ye not be judged. The evil of the left is sending America to its death. Reprobate minds cannot see it. It is nearly impossible for them to do so. Plain physics, on the spiritual plane.
@@svwtsvfcbIn a round about way he's condemning higher education systems that put a focus on teaching global warming or simularly gender or racial equity rather than a focus on engineering principles students need to understand what they are working on or with, and the low bar of useful education students recieve.
I don't know how far you're into your education, and neither does the previous commentator. But if you're just beginning your degree, then I'd say there's no big sign of a problem yet. But if you're near finishing your degree and you're just comming to understand an inverter, then maybe you should question your school and how messed up it is that people and you spend gobs and gobs of money for useless information that benefits neither the students, nor their future employers, nor their employer's customers, nor socity in general. Instead you're saddled with massive debt and foreigners take your job opportunities because you're not well qualified.
That's politely pretty much the intention behind the previous commentator. While I pretty much agree with that generally about the average student, I'm glad you're seeking out information and found this video helpful. And I hope that you focus on education that helps you better satisfy people's needs through your engineering degree. And I hope that putting those skills to use benefits you financially and those who you help, or are helped by your work. 😊
Seen our new video on HOW SOLAR PANELS WORK in detail th-cam.com/video/Yxt72aDjFgY/w-d-xo.html
What a gem this channel is.
Understanding the concepts after so many years..
Keep up the good work. Thank you much.
mee too
Easily the best explanation possible, you've made me experience the joy of learning!
Amazing! You can explain extremely well and put a lot of work in this video! Appreciate it thanks you so much.
This so well done! Just what is needed. Nothing more nothing less. Even the voice is well balanced. Beautiful!
In building my first electric car, this has been super helpful. I'd like to know more about the current load relationship between source voltage DC into the motor controller vs motor controller output after converted to 3 phase. I can easily get motor specs however I need to spec connections to the battery packs. Most connectors I find are rated at a far lower ampacity than I'm dealing with while utilizing a much larger conductor. 90mm2 vs my 50mm2 that was included with the supplied parts. Thanks again for making these videos very helpful and clearly laid out.
Had an inverter in the truck for ages. Never knew how it worked. Thanks for the video
I’m a pilot, just started flying as second in command of a Hawker 400 which has a much more complex electrical system than what I’m used to. So I came here to learn about inverters. Thanks👍🏼
I use a power inverter while camping or as a emergency power supply during bad storms when the power goes out, your videos are phenomenal and brake stuff down so well to understand it
I remember learning this in some electronics courses. The Toyota Prius hybrid had been using LARGE IGBT's for it's 3 phase motor. Napa Auto Parts training side had a fantastic course explaining how it all worked and more that was built into the system. Of course this video answers questions much better than the books I've read, and I thank you for this. If anyone is learning about DC to DC and DC to AC inverters and converters. That Napa course will give a lot of info, but this video is the start! I'm assuming people that see this video understand the basic theory that "When magnetic lines of force cut across a conductor, a voltage is induced in the conductor and current (electrons) can flow."
Without this "working theory," we'd never have the great electrical and electronics we have now!
working method, not working theory; just sayin.
Really great videos! Now since you have several videos about inverters and VFDs, explain how the controller works please? It’s the thing that make everything work as beautiful as it does after all, thank you!
This video is really helpful for me. I was really confused when my lectured was talking about this with a slide full of strange stuff and a rectangle wave like a sine wave. I kept more confusing when he started to explain how it works. Thanks to yours video, i was able to understand all of them inside out. Eventually, Thanks a lots.
From VietNam with love.
OMG thank you! You explain this so well and thorough, now I finally understand what inverters are and its used.
Nice explanation and illustrations! That answered questions that I always had about the conversions. Nice job, thanks!
Such a beautiful narration to go with an equally brilliant animation!
I have not seen this kind of explanation anywhere else. A million thanks for the upload!
You’re very thorough in your explanations, and you do an extremely good job visually explaining topics for people who are more visual learners. I appreciate your videos very much.
a comment i appreciate
Very good for the basics of an inverter. Personally I used to startup AC variable speed inverters using SCRs as switches. The trick to using SCRs is the ability to turn them off, which requires a reverse bias. The IGBT came along later. The advantage for them is that they can be turned off by removal of the trigger signal. The advent of the IGBT significantly reduced the cost of the inverter and or AC variable speed drive. Note that all inverters wither AC or DC sourced, have a constant voltage DC Buss dependent on the value of the input voltage.. The DC buss voltage results in a constant Peak to Peak voltage. The pulse width modulation as described in this articular is used to vary both the frequency of the output as well as the output RMS (effective) voltage. When used for variable speed when powering an AC motor, constant torgue is maintained by keeping the ratio of the frequency to the RMS voltage constant. For a 460 VAC to 60 hertz system this ratio is 7.67 V/hz. Once the motor rated speed from a constant voltage/frequency system is reached, the motor speed can still be increased by just increasing the frequency with no further increase in voltage. This is called the constant horsepower range. Their is a limit to this as the torque decreases to a point where the motor will no longer run. An inverter and or AC variable speed drive with a 3 phase output has another advantage in that the motor rotational direction can be reversed by just reversing the phase sequence as controlled by the triggering sequence of the IGBTs.
Wish this kind of illustrative teaching was available when I was in the school.
It's funny because honestly, your professor should be giving you this kind of detail. Guys like this are going to put the classic professor out of business
Indeed, Indeed!! You are so right.
I truly appreciate the effort you but in the animation and how you pay attention to the little details (on top of the brilliant explanation, of course).
You have the gift of simplifying things to make it easily understandable. Thank you.
I've watched a couple of inverter explainers but this was the absolute best one, very clear explanation!
Best video ever. Definitely going into my saved Electrical Theory Playlist.
One of the best explanation found so far on the internet. Thank you for sharing🙌
I've had this explained to me numerous times and never quite got it. This explained it perfectly, nice one!
Thanks sir! Crystal clear explanation. The animation made it easier to comprehend.
Very good information. A question for you, How does a pure sine wave inverter work? Some electronic equipment will not work with normal inverters. Thanks for your time.
concentrated information of whole electrical engineering is found in this single video. Super Amazing.. Hats off!
...wow
I did VCE physics and you made me understand this concept in 1 video so much better than 2 whole years of the subject at school 😅
Totally wish I'd found this channel sooner. Thanks bro 🙏 Keep up the good work
This video is the best I've ever seen in my life about it.
Very well explained, animation makes everything crystal clear, keep it up
The breakdown of complicated subject matter on this channel is phenomenal. Thanks
I have not yet gotten to the end of your explanation, but I have already been convinced that you're a good teacher.
keep it up good work
This guy's job is incredible. It is extremely informative and playful.
Thanks, Rafael! Glad you enjoyed, thanks for supporting us
Me to appreciate this animated video better than explained by a professor.
Amazing video!!! If we had theese videos 20 years ago when i was arlt college, life then would be far easier!
Absolutely superb explanation with simple graphics, very easy to follow !
Keep up the good work !
Power to the people !
No wonder I subscribed, these videos are fantastic. You can explain electricity and electronics on all levels from basic to expert.
Finally I understand phases now thanks to you, yay
Awesome content .... appreciate your effort to explain the things in such a simpler manner. Great job ..
Fantastic explanation. Years or college and university explained in one video. You are a really gifted educator.
Great!
I'm an upcoming train technician. our teachers are good but they missed out on some info you explained well here, thanks a lot!
Within one video you covered lots of topics and explained everything in a very simple language - this is what modern books and lecturers can't do
Thanks for your work. 've been a proud subscriber of your channel since 2016
Look forward for more engines, electricity and electronics stuff explained
Wow, i was just looking up a bunch of stuff about inverters.
Thank you, all you videos are very well done. Great job with the graphics and the clear, concise explanations.
This is great. The Pulse Width Modulation shows how the traction motor inverter works on an EV as well.
I don't know why, but this video is so well done that it actually made me angry for a minute. Bravo! I hope you're incorporating the battery example in basic AC/DC theory lessons. The animation with the simplified IGBTs is spot on, great job by everyone involved!
That's the power of passion. You explained it better than every book written on the subject.
Very good explanation. I'm not in the field of electricity but found it super helpful. Thanks for the clear explanations.
I came here for a review of inverters but instead got a course on electricity. They finally got to my interest in minute 6. I always wanted to find someone to explain my modified sine wave inverter vs my full sine wave inverter. Thanks
Wanted to learn how my UPS works, learned how electricity actually works instead. You explained this so easily and effortlessly. No one at my college would have explained it like this.
Great video. Subscribed.
An UPS has an onboard power bank, which supplies backup power when the main power is cut.
OK, this was really well explained.
Thank you
Excellent explanation. I understand this far better than I did 20 minutes ago. I am now a believer and a subscriber.
HOLY crap what a helpful video. I’m in welding school and just have been trying to piece everything together over the months and this is so helpful with this topic.
Great video and explanation.
One side note: Sometimes it might be difficult to get hold of a 3-phase inverter or an inverter capable of outputting the amount of power required. Therefore, some manufacturers offers inverters that can be connected in parallel to get more 2 or 3 phases instead of one, or in series to get more power (as in more Amps or Watts), or even combined in parallel and series to get perhaps 3-phases at 32 Amps instead of 3-phases at 16 Amps. But please be aware that only some manufacturers offers these solutions, and also that it is usually required that the inverters can communicate through perhaps a CAN network.
Another side note: You mention inverters outputting square vawe AC and modified sine AC. Please aware that there are also som inverters which output "pure" AC; ie. with very few or no ripples and a pattern when viewed on an oscilloscape virtually indentical with what you will get from something like a wall socket. Also, some devices like certain electronics might be unstable or even be damaged if used with square vawe or modified sine AC.
Yes, good advice! Also, for any viewers who don't know, there's one more thing to be aware of as the winter approaches and we face the possibility of power outages, like last winter (2021.) - AC generators (standard gasoline generators.) Be careful about what you plug into a standard AC generator. They too produce a "dirty" square wave. Televisions and any other electronic appliances that have multiple circuits with various voltages inside them will not respond well to regular AC generators. They require an Inverter Generator, which produces AC voltage, then converts it to DC voltage, then inverts it to "clean" AC voltage with a smooth sine wave (as shown in this video.)
@@SteveWhiteDallas inverter generators?
This is the first time i am saying thank you to a youtuber
You need to watch better channels.
AvE, project farm, essential craftsman, etc
All the worries of not knowing and feeling anxious about upcoming test just vanished! This video clears everything up. Thank you 😭
Wish I could have had access to such material when I started off as an apprentice electrician 30* years ago. would have made my life easierl Thank you so much
For me a 60 years of age woman, I know have such a good understanding I can now actually install solar understanding what is cooking. Thank you
Seen our new video on HOW SOLAR PANELS WORK in detail th-cam.com/video/Yxt72aDjFgY/w-d-xo.html
Thanks bro, you make everything clear and easy
The best explanation I've had. I only needed this video to understand the entire concept.
Wow, I understood that so much better than any previous explanations. Thanks so much!!!
Feels like IGBTs are the secret sauce and we don't know what that stands for let alone the physics behind them. Of course I'll hit Google, but might be nice to include. But still, neat video. Thanks!
The logic of IGBT's are identical to transistors. (Not the mode of operation, but the logic.) Ie, a signal is sent to one pin, thus opening flow in one direction between the other two pins.
If you want to understand how IGBT's work, start by looking at how diodes work, and understanding the quantum physics at play there, then go to transistors, then IGBT/MOSFETs.
IGBT stands for insulated gate bipolar transistor. There's no physics involved, there are no moving parts inside.
@@StringerNews1 bahaha everything is physics, moving parts or not.
StringerNews1 There
absolutely is physics involved quantum physics to be exact. The definition of physics is not moving parts, thermodynamics and lots of other physics do not involve moving parts
Hannan Pakthini quantum physics is at the heart of all solid state device’s
An explanation on how pure sine wave inverters work would be nice. As i'm understanding this video, this is a modified square wave type inverter?
Sharing your channel to a discord community. We are all invested in Ozop Energy that makes a lot of the electrical components that you explain in so many of your videos! You do an excellent job, so keep it up!
I thought this video is so well done, with such good information that I immediately subscribed to this channel.
Fantastic video... thanks for your work.!
0:48 FULL BRIDGE RECTIFIER
Electroboom.......
More like recti-fire with him lol
Mehdi fans
ahahahaha same thing i have in my brain when someone say bridge rectifier
Ah, I see you're a man of culture as well
Excellently explained in simple, easy to follow stages. A great learning video thanks.
I can’t even wrap my head around the fact that this content is free. Amazing.
Who watch this video in 2024
I've seen so many tutorials of how inverters "work" but never seen how the pwm controller works in that inverter, how it's built
Perfect explanation for any layman, thank you 😊
What a wonderful video to learn basics again in these days of lock-down !
It's amazing how overall little common person needs to know in life to get by in modern society, all the hard work and details handled by subject matter experts.
All I know, flip the switch to turn lights on as that is not my expertise, but I can explain how to program and handle DBMS to the dot as that is my subject.
Individually we are nothing, but collectively we are modern scientifically most advanced civilization ever existed on planet earth.
4:13 Side note: Not all synchronous generators have a permanent magnet in their rotor. Some use a circuit fed with DC instead to produce a steady magnetic field, working as an electromagnet.
4:17 The electrons in the winding don't get pushed just because the magnet has a polarity. If that was true, holding the magnet still should also make the electrons move, since the magnet still has its polarity; but in reality this won't happen. The real reason why the electrons move is because the magnetic field of the magnet (or electromagnet) is _changing,_ thus inducing an EMF in the windings. At 4:37 you explained it correctly.
9:48 Even though the phase is split, it's still just a single phase, since the voltage or current in both live conductors are in phase (or 180° out of phase.) To be considered as two phases you'd need a phase shift between the current in the two live wires, i.e. 90°. Anyways, I understand what you meant to say. ;)
10:13 In general, the coils/windings of the generator aren't inserted 120 physical degrees (A.K.A. mechanical degrees.) In fact, in the generator you showed the angle between two adjacent coils (of different phases) is 360°/6 = 60°. Real generator have more than one winding per phase, so they're inserted at angles much less than 120 mechanical degrees; you can google about Ferrari's theorem. What is true, is the set of three output voltages are 120 electrical degrees shifted.
Ofcos he knows this but he can't go to indepth otherwise it will complicate the video
Thanks for this video well explained. At least now, as a beginner I now know where to start from, everything is clear to me now. Time to push on.
We use inverters in my lone of work, hvac and refrigeration quite a bit. This was helpful. Thank you!
@1:24 Answer: e bike battery charger.
Nice
Rectifier video here th-cam.com/video/RiRyzLl4Y8U/w-d-xo.html
One of the best videos on basic circuitry I have ever seen.
Amazing. The animations make this whole subject so much easier to understand.
Creystal clear😍
I was building a air compressor for the home. I needed a head pressure relife switch. I only had a D C shuttle air switch to use. I put a diode inline with the 110 volt input and it worked.
Seen our new pressure switch video? Link: th-cam.com/video/YG81w0HFXNc/w-d-xo.html
The best explanation on this topic I've ever seen. This answers everything, especially in high power applications. Thank you
Your videos explain the concepts very clearly! Thanks a lot!
i am confused now. i was told by teacher current flows from + to -, but really electrons flowing from -to +, question to everybody why we are protecting(fusing,breakers) only + side? i like content a lot
Because in a closed circuit, the waterflow/currentflow will always be the same, no matter where you measure it.
It is assumed that charge is "positive" when flowing from + to -. It is equivalent to the electron flow "negative", flowing from - to +.
1:23, trying to better understand the concept in order to simulate a UPS system
Yes this is very easy to understand than most TH-cam lectures. When I see aAffinity reality and good Communication which equals understanding. Read fundamentals of thought To get a better understanding of what I mean. Good work thank you
Maybe the best instruction on the subject, absolutely brilliant,
6:13 IGTB nice
How does the controller work that times the opening and closing of the transistors?
computers and controllers are basically calculators, they do these types of calculations way faster when you load a video or play videogames
What a great & useful presentation, very easy to understand... Now i know how inverter works... Thank you very much...
The best video that’s teach power convertrs in a sample way .. I’m sure that’s I’m going to learn a lot of stuff in this Channel .. 👍🏻
It is not gaps ... there is power .. take the V square ... but the power signal has gaps, not the voltage signal so we fill these gaps by other phases power
There are power gaps in single-phase ac. Any instant that either voltage or current is zero, power is zero.
The part I keep getting stuck at is *smooth* AC. Smoothing to DC with the rectifiers and a cap is fine. But, in inversion we've got PWM chopped to 'Sine-like AC' ... but it's rough. Inductors? Something clever?
Just add the correct amount of inductance and capacitance to the output, I'm not really sure why that was left out... Makes me wonder how much important stuff like that is left out from other videos where I don't know much about the topic.
This is also a TH-cam video, not a patent on how to build a nuclear powered goggle-flop flux capacitor.
It's to give you a general understanding of the topic, not how to specialize your career in a specific sector of an industry.... 😂👍😝
I think more accurate PWM would be enough for most. After all many applications will work just fine with imperfect AC voltage, so they problably work with imperfect sine waves too to some point. But if for some reason we would have to have as perfect sine wave as possible, maybe we could then just run DC motors to generate AC? Definitely noticeable energy losses but it would work and wouldn't differ from power plants. :D
@@insoYT you can also get faster switching or "smoother" sine-wave output from decent equipment. I have Telco equipment that runs on DC and some that run on AC. We have some decent enterprise UPS' that claim 'clean sinewave' (no oscilloscope to verify). So clean that sensitive equipment doesn't complain about faults or dirty generator power when we have to cutover.
James S I agree, it is just a TH-cam video to give general understanding. What I don’t like is that the video makes it seem like, yes this all you need to do to make the output identical to traditional AC generation. I wouldn’t care if it was just a mention of “this is close enough for nearly all applications, but it’s not exactly the same”
I clearly understood the concept of inverter circuit. Thanks for the information 😊
Wonderful explanation, far more Superior than my University power electronics lecturer taught us.