Brushless Motor - How they work BLDC ESC PWM
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 พ.ค. 2024
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I’m pretty sure you have to fire at least 4 igbts simultaneously and shortly there after all 6 to recreate the three phase sine wave relation ship due to winding the stator in delta. Energizing 1 phase will put the other two phases in series and in parallel with the energized phase…Right?
Pulse width modulation controls the current but alone will not drive the motor without properly phased signals.
Please hindi
Guess that Elon uses this method to run his car motors as well.
Hey mindset, can you please make a video to break down in high detail of what's the difference between a heat sink and a heat exchanger? Because there is no video to detail them so well and I'm having a hard time trying to find the information can you please make that video to tell us the differences please man? Thank you
Assuming this channel started as a side hustle, you must have extreme dedication to making the internet a library of knowledge as it should be. This is a one of a kind channel. Respect
Couldn't have said it better. It is rare to see these types if channels that explains it clearly.
Truthfully, I hope this is his full time career. He deserves it. 👍🏽
@@CupsigamingI wish he made them in Cantonese for the Taiwanese
I have been slowly learning basic electronics for years. Your simple video has taught me more about DC motors in the past 15 minutes than I've learned in years. Thanks.
Ac motor
The more i watch engineering mindset, the more i am convinced "its complicated" just means "I'm not smart enough to explain it"
Not a single video on this channel is complicated or hard to understand and i love this channel for that reason
Yep
@Bob Sacamano that's not what she meant
@Bob Sacamano Yeah, Skyler means when you ask your journeymen or who ever is above you in your career. The answer "it's complicated" can mean "I'm not smart enough to explain it"- Said some Journeymen. Everyone can learn and improve, but it means you can out grow your mentor fast when 9/10 their answer to you is... "its complicated"
There is also a BIG difference between explaining it in a prerecorded video, with all the time and editing and revision you want alongside animation and visual aid and having to extemporaneously explain it with no props
Really. Because i didn't understand a single thing.
Ebike crew here! BLDC motors are what make modern ebikes possible. Thanks for this video!
The old brushed ones were actually pretty dang good (overengineered floor buffer motors basically), the stouter mechanical designs have only been recently matched by grintech and the All Axle motor.
Brushless still rules of course, lol
11 years ago, my best friend and I did the experiment of the video, as our graduation thesis on electrical engineering
so do the big round things called wheels, one located on each end
Hummmmmm....how do you charge your ebikes?....coal power plants 😊....remember that
@@tyl812 no
My battery powered hedge trimmer uses BLDC motor, they are impressively powerful. No need for noisy, vibrating petrol trimmers now.
There will always be a place for combustion motors. Especially in high demand situations. It's just not physically possible to get the same amount of work out of a battery powered machine compared to a combustion machine.
Need 3Kw growatt inverter
And Solar panelNeed 3Kw growatt inverter
And Solar panel
I'm a landscaper and I recently transitioned a bunch of my tools to a line of heavy duty brushless battery powered away from combustion engines.
I'm blown away by the performance,remarkably strong-but what has most sold me is how much less upkeep they require. It has simplified my life a great deal.
Hell, even the chainsaw blows my mind. It probably wouldn't serve a logger but godamb if it isnt more than enough for my purposes.
Electric tools have come a long way.
I like rechargable but gas has its place. My Makita blower would suck down a 3 amp battery int he matter of just maybe 10m 15 tops. You have to run a 5-6 amp to get any decent time out of it. Gas has plenty of power and can run longer even though I hate the sound and smell.
Finally the video I've been waiting for
🏆🏆🏆🏆🏆
@@EngineeringMindset Thank you so much for this video
I needed this in 2012 🤣 my bad end test would be much better 🤣🤣🤣
@@Zerberus_Helldog Yes
@@Zerberus_Helldog Laughs
I first came across them, as rack mounted fans that featured diminutive size compared to commutator designs in a location where synchronous motors could not have worked due to a lack of an A/C supply. You provided a description that was both wonderfully clear and devoid of any complexity. Essentially, the motor is always playing-chase-my-tail with the alternating fields generated by the different phases. I found it a fascinating use of techniques allowing relatively simply implementations.
Simple. Straight forward. Straight to the point and easy to understand. Fantastic content.
I believe Bldc motors are used in the newer high efficiency ac system compressors. Along with some really neat high amperage inverter technology.
Yeah it’s used primarily on HVAC systems rated at 20 SEER and above, the inverter/reactors are usually rated at 7.5kW. Almost all new mini split systems also use ECM/BLDC fan motors and compressors as well
My firend why you say tings dat everyone knowings? No my firend no. Very long time for commenting. No smile oke?
speaking of really neat inverters, check out modern drone motor drivers, a.k.a. BL-heli ESCs sometimes. those have come a long way, from basic brushless speed controllers, as shown here, to sophisticated PWM'd 3-phase inverters, with more processing power then my first PC had.
@@Ucceah yeah I thought of that too late to add, but you are spot on; the new inverter tech is really something.
I’ve been flying fpv and racing rc cars for years….and i never knew exactly how this worked. You explained this sooo easily i fully get it now thank you!!
DUDE!!! Sooooo comprehensive and NOTHING confusingly extra.
Multiple thanks. Well crafted video
The animation and breakdown of all the working components are extremely well done. Thank you for sharing
I really enjoy things like this. You have a great way of explaining things. Back when I was growing up we did not have the internet most definitely did not have computers. None of that stopped me from learning on how things work.
At that time radio shack was a great place to find things that helped you to learn about electronics. They had different type of electrical kits that you put together and it explains what each part did.
Every year they used to come out with a catalog and from that I could find different components and build things from scratch.
As I was getting older my attention turned to other places. For a very long time I never messed around with electronics. All that changed about 10 years ago. I broke my back and I started looking for things I could do to keep me occupied and I made my way back to electronics. Of course everything is completely different than it was when I were growing up.
I really enjoy your videos I have been a subscriber for a good bit of time and always enjoy watching new videos.
Looking forward for watching your next video.
Dumbfounded by how smart and generous you are with the knowledge and dedication to make these videos possible. Salute and respect your whole team.
My first experience with a brushless DC motor came in 1978 when I built a floppy disc controller. The head positioning mechanism was driven by a brushless DC motor called a stepper motor. I can step the motor at a constant rate, or I could step the motor with acceleration, negative or positive. Steppers are marvelous devices that can accomplish things you couldn't do with a standard DC motor. For instance, you could hold the motor in a very specific position over a given track, and you can't do that with a standard DC motor. If you energize one coil it will lock the head in place and it will not move in or out.
I found this video when I was looking at drones to figure out what to look for and what to get and had no idea what the difference in the motors was. But I’m a nerd and learned much more than I needed and I love it. Figured out what to get and learned about brushed and brushless motors for anything outside of drones. 👍🏼
You are the best - the animations showing where the current flow is excellent. Your videos make a difference.
Just stumbled upon your channel whilst searching for information relating to relays and now I can't get enough. The lessons are clear, detailed, concise and easy to understand if you pay close attention. Love your content mate, cheers and keep up the good work! 👍🏼
Very informative! I have a brushless motor on my Lowrance Ghost trolling motor. It’s noticeably more powerful and efficient than the old brushed motor I used previously.
These videos are so jam-packed with information that it should be incredibly daunting... in fact, info overload has been my number one barrier to getting more seriously into electronics. But somehow, these videos give the exact information I want in such a perfect order that it doesn't add any confounding questions or frazzle me, it's a freaking treasure trove... it's like when you drink coffee and all you get is the elevated focus and mood without any of the anxiety and heart jumpiness. These videos are the perfect cup of coffee of instructional TH-cam videos about electrical engineering. That's my metaphor and I'm sticking with it.
They were being used in the 90s on some diesel engines. Cat used them on 3406 b and C engines with electronic controlled injection pump. One for rack control and one for timing control.
I have no words for this vid! It's a game changing on everything that I see on my hole life as an electric engineer. I wish I could study with all these material on my graduation course! Really thanks for this masterpiece!
The visualizations for milliseconds of activity got me understanding everything more than I EVER have before.
💚💚💚💚 bookmark/notes: 12:49 electronic speed controller / arm phone case , Magnetic dust to the T circle Driving that mail in that copper head ( pencil sharpener looking ) …..ect…..tbc…..-g-b, bot
I'm an old motor and armature winder for some 50 odd years. I can honestly say I found this video interesting.
Thank you.
I've been winding a decade. Great vid! The outrunners are interesting to wind, 14 pole 12 slot is like two split pole 3 phase motors in a row. The 10 pole 12 slot is like four 3 phase motors in a row . Many internal series and parallel combinations possible.
I made tooling to wind them on my two pole powered winder. 70% time reduction for high voltage windings but not faster for low voltage because of cycle time resetting the stator on it vs horizontal vice tooling.
You really explained this well. Few people appreciate how fascinating this science really is. The tiniest little motor I have seen is in my drones. Amazing, and far superior to the larger, brushed motors in my other drones. Conversions to E-bikes are one of the best ways to learn the concepts of brushless motors. Of course, dealing with DIY robots, these motors have their uses, along with their cousins the servo motors. I have been playing around with these things for years, but when someone asks me to explain whats going on inside, I can never do it properly. You have been a great help to me, and thank you.
I never knew how brushless motor worked. Thank you fir this idea explained clearly .
All my Bosch power tools are brushless motor, they run smoother and use a bit longer as one go instead waiting to cool down every minute
Clear, concise, builds on each previous segment, and got me interested to know more. You've got a tremendous style and packed a ton into a short video. Started the video just wanting a short explanation, ended subscribing!
The first time I had ever seen one was in 1977 when I bought my new stereo system when I graduated college. I got a Technics SL1400 turntable (I still have it). It is a direct drive turntable. When you lift the platter you can see a magnet ring under it which is the same thing as that outer casing that spins. And around the spindle shaft are the coil windings.
I still have mine too. I've seen the magnets, but didn't know this is how it worked. Thanks for sharing.
This is such a well detailed yet easy to understand video. Masterpiece!
These type of motors are used on the compressor/vacuum pump in an oxygen concentrator. The low-speed torque is great for controlling the flow. Some of them feed the expelled nitrogen into the motor casing to cool the windings.
This video was REALLY great! Perfect explanations as usual, so good in fact that I'm pretty sure people of any experience level would learn at least one thing from it!
And wow! I did not realize how complicated a brushless motor was. And to think we couldn't have done this without Tesla starting it off with the regular Motors. And his Motors were simple I could pretty much understand it change. But not these brushless motors plus, they are really complicated. As they say we live on the backs of our ancestors.
@@JourneyOnLife Yes, very much standing on the shoulders of giants! The technological gap seems huge when you consider that you could probably power a brushed motor with a sufficiently powerful 19th century voltaic pile, contrasted to the intelligence required inside the BLDC driver shown in the video!
True, it's a perfect explanation as usual
Yah ...I learned one thing - don't watch these videos; they make my head hurt & I understand just how dum I am !!
can confirm
I've always been fascinated by PWM, 6-pulse and 6-step since my first year in college .. amazingly explained !
Do universal motors next !
Very professional, I've seen these videos and worked with all motors for over 20 years, prior to chasing software nonsense. Where've I used BLDC motors? I was in automation/motion control and did applications in everything from manufacturing of knives, wood paneling to assembling of planes to candies. I miss it but once you're 40, you're out, and there's very little manufacturing anymore. Everything was custom and new when I was involved, now new is outsourcing to Shenzhen instead of Malaysia. Bitter? Yes.
i’ve worked on brushless motors for years in the rainbow vacuum motor!! :D thank you for this video it’s absolutely fascinating
in 80s back in ussr my dad used to bring such small motors home from his work at the airport. I always wondered why they were so different from the usual dc motors and why they had this rotating metal cup inside.
I remember the time i disassembled Mig-17 hyroscope unit...and thouse 2 phase 400Hz small engines called Did-0,5! It happened 30 years ago
By far the best teaching on brushless motors I have come across on TH-cam. Thank you so much. Now I also have a good understanding on this technology.
I have a few RC cars. They all use brushless motors. I have an RC crawler that uses a sensored brushless motor with field orientation control. That motor works so smoothly for low speed crawling.
please don't stop making videos - one of the best TH-cam learning experience anyone will ever get 👍
Thank you! I appreciate the time you have taken to create the graphics! I learned visually and I'm amazed on the detail you include on your video graphics. I truly appreciate it. To me, you are the best of the best on TH-cam explaining electrical current because of your graphic illustrations. Definitely subscribed!
In scale models I see often these BL motors. It would be nice to make a short part 2 for the innerrunner motors and sensored units used in scale crawlers and drift cars. Would help the RC community.
Holmes hobby is where you should look for your answers. The man is solid gold in many ways. There are many videos he has made on different levels
@@chriscord6524 hey, small world! Thanks for the recommendation of @holmeshobbies
Motors for crawlers are actually great for drifters too, in higher KV choices like 2700 plus. Better torque density and smoother throttle response than race motors, better rpm lock.
I'm hooked!! Easy to follow especially about the motor itself and the windings and current flow!!
I have brushless motors in my Bosch 12v 3/8 drive Drill and Driver. Awesome tools !
What an amazing video.
I aspire to be, one day, such a great teacher as you are. Never seen anyone break down seemingly complicated things down to such easy to understand chunks.
Thank you!
It was once stated, "If you can't explain it to a six year old and have them understand what you mean, then you don't understand the material well enough yourself. Go home, study more."
All that engineering for 5USD including shipping, thanks China!
Great video :)
I never managed to see the way of rotation with he "beeps" from the ECS, the datasheet says it's to know the battery strings number (it works from 2S to 4S so 2 to 4 "beeps").
I got mine from amazon, it was a premium for next day delivery but still incredible value what what goes into it. If you film the motor with your phone in slow motion you can see it produce the beeps through vibration
Hi there! Do you have a link to the thing from china? :)
@@rubenoseapachi "1000kV motor on AliExpress"
40 years ago, Sony broadcast 1” videotape machines used large brushless motors for the reel drives, the upper rotary head drum, and the capstan. These motors are particularly good for this application because it’s essential to not only control the speed, but the angular position.
These are very much becoming the norm in combat robotics, like NHRL, BuggleBots, RoboGames, Bristol Bot Builders Bug Brawl, and BattleBots.
Wow, great detail and presentation. I thought I knew everything about brushless motors. Great job.
Man.. I always trying looking for this kinda video for almost 5 years, huge thanks for your help
Thanks! A great explanation about a subject that I have experienced but never investigated!
Interesting, it's a good thing that this was published right now.
I have one question but it's not related to the video: what type of inductor is the one that looks like a resistor?
Thanks in advance, Paul!
I'll cover that in the upcoming video,
@@EngineeringMindset understood. Thank you!
Check out NEW resistor video, everything covered! ➡️ th-cam.com/video/DYcLFHgVCn0/w-d-xo.html
4:52 The current takes all available paths, the strongest being the one with least resistance.
I remember when the Superman ride debut at Magic Mountain and it was propelled by this type of design. On/Off magnets. Great description thanks.
Wow this was an insanely clear explanation of how BLDC, ESC and PWM works. I'm trying to build a hobby drone so this is really useful info
Love it. I keep binge watching your videos even if I have already viewed it. Because it is so educational and informative, it helps me remember things that I have forgotten. Kudos to you kind Sir. This video is also great Ilove it very much. Now I have the confidence to program a BLDC with an arduino thanks to you Sir.
Great video, but this topic considers only one type of control algorithm, sensor less 6-step which has some disadvantages. This algorithm is the most basic and closely emulates the mechanical commutator. Sensored Direct Torque Control and Field Oriented Control are the methods of choice for professional motor applications. They don't have problems at zero RPM.
I would have cut out the whole section about the interface between the motor controller and the controlling device. 1-2ms PWM is only used in the RC hobby. And even that is obsolete now, replaced with more advanced protocols like OneShot and Dshot. Motor controllers in other applications (eBikes, EVs, industry) will use analog voltages or digital communication over RS232, RS485, CANbus, etc)
Roger Technology has revolutionized the gate motor industry with digital brushless operators, I’m learning it now and your comment makes so much sense. An analog controller will under utilize the true benefits of a brushless motor. Am I on the right path there?
You have to walk before you can run, there's no sense in confusing people that are trying to grasp the basic concepts of this.
@@jarkstt control over a "BLDC" can get quite advanced. So the controllers should be optimized for a specific job. Odrive uses BLDC motors with tight positional control in a closed loop (feedback from a high resolution encoder. The interface for that is similar to stepper motor controllers since the target application is CNC.
EV's on the other hand do not need tight positional control, instead the throttle controls the torque of the motor, which indirectly controls the velocity of the vehicle, it's a second-order system with the pilot or driver being the thing that closes the loop (driving). This application requires the motor operate in all 4 quadrants (spins both ways, and with regenerative braking) With FOC you specify the desired torque and the controller adjusts the current in the phases to maintain generated field 90° ahead of the rotor and uses a PI control loop to regulate the current to achieve desired torque. Then optionally another control loop governs this whole system to regulate speed. This works until the motor reaches a speed where the back EMF equals or exceeds the supply voltage. Then the requested torque can no longer be achieved since it would require either higher voltage or field weakening, which some BLDCs can do by increasing the space between the rotor magnets and stator, common on the solar car motors. Another method of field weakening to increase max speed is to change the angle of the stator field so as to cancel out some of the flux from the permanent magnets, but this consumes more power and is inefficient.
@@MrXjoeharperx my point is to generalize the video on BLDC control rather than focus on a cheap obsolete technology and its interface from Ali express or Amazon that used to be used for a specific RC hobby 10 years ago and is not really relevant anymore.
@@power-max hi, i want to make electric starter for motorcycle engine, is cheap chinese esc etc enough for it ?
Thank you for that wonderful explanation. It is not only about brushless motors but also about BLDC motor controllers.
Been using brushless motors in RC planes when I was a kid,
Great video, as always
Here in Pakistan we use BLDC based ceiling fans instead of induction motor based fans.
Great video! I'm curious about one thing, though-- as the magnetic field rotates due to the constant pushing and pulling of polarity, is there a difference between the pushing vs. the pulling force? Just wondering if one is stronger than the other or if the speed of rotation renders any difference to be negligible...
If the currency is the same (which should be at this moment) and distance is the same (which is basic requirement for creating an engine) there should be no difference in force between push and pull forces as they are just reactions to the same physical values but with opposite vector of the force.
Correct me if I'm wrong :)
The motors only work on pulling forces of magnetic North South pairs, not repulsion of magnetic north north or SS. The Flux of the tooth/magnet pairs form a closed magnetic circuit with each other via back iron and airgap coupling.
Brilliant, literally!!! Knowing how to make such a simple motor could be very helpful in many situations!!!
Fantastic tutorial! After following your video I managed to get my ESC to work exactly as I wanted it. Thank you
You have a true gift sir. Thank you for sharing in such clarity!
This is so well detailed, that I understood almost everything from the first go. Thank you!
The most surprising spot I found a brush-less motor is in a high velocity floor fan. It uses an in-runner sensorless motor and moves a decent amount of air for it's size but it has some problems with the implementation of the motor that makes it unsuitable for use in quiet environments but everywhere else is perfectly fine.
I made the mistake of getting a brush motor trimmer to use with my power rotary scissors. This created some interesting burning smells, and killed the battery in 15 minutes. I got the more expensive, brushless version - same battery etc. and good lord - WHAT a difference! The battery lasts over an hour now, the speed throttle is more precise, and of course - no burning smell. Definitely more torque. I’m going to be sure to get only brushless tools from now on.
Crank drive ebikes use inrunners, like Bosch, Yamaha, bafang.
Outrunners are mostly seen on ebikes with direct drive rear wheel motors, but they can be difficult to cool properly if over 3-6 kW. Magnetic stator oil and cooling fins are then used when tuned.
Then there are also axial bldc motors, quite exotic.
Really good video, particularly enjoyed your explanation of the arduino code elememt, your method here was excellent and one of the most informative ways of explaining this that i have seen on youtube. Would love to see more of that, thanks
I have a request Paul!! I belong to Marine Engineering and its a set of unique mechanics and machineries hard to understand and relate with each other, although its a small floating world in itself where we do all the maintenance repair and operation, it would be helpful if you make videos on some of the topics related to them, it would be amazing and appreciative!!
Thank you. Now I understand why my drone makes that little configuration sound before start up. Awesome technology. Old retired NYD (not yet dead) guy.
Thank you for clarifying these mysterious (to me) components. Very useful. 🙏🏼
I as totally stumped until I uploaded the sketch, then the motor took off like rocket.
Thank you for your time.
It is quite clear and informative lecture what I saw during my engineering study!!!!!! Absolute Respect!!!!! It is short way to heaven!!!
My traxxas slash 4x4 has brushless so its cool to see how it all works. Thanks for the great video. Keep it up
You can get something called an Internal Drum Roller which is used in belt conveyor units which pinch the shaft on both ends so the casing of the magnet moves with high torque to pull things on the belts, you can also have them in Star wiring for different current usage
I use brushless motors in my DeWalt cordless tools.
They are powerful and always operate reliably.
Great video. Thank you for giving me a much better understanding of brushless dc motors. Every other vid just over complicated things
THIS VIDEO IS AMAZING TO ME!!!! THIS IS GOING TO BE HANDY IN A LOT OF MECHANICAL CONTROLS I TROUBLESHOOT DAILY!!!
So good... No broken English, easy diagrams, and useful advice.... Liked and subscribed.
BRO ONG I LOVE YOUR VIDSSS! Honestly like it’s so detailed and you explain stuff so we’ll!!! Like I don’t normally comment but I had to cuz like it’s satisfying how detailed and well these vids are!!!
Brilliant video! I have been looking for a good massage chair, now I know which ones last longer; the ones with BRUSHLESS motors👍
Brushless motors are becoming very popular in competition robotics such as FIRST. Namely the NEO and Falcon motors.
Electric fan is a very good example of a brushless motors. I do electric fan repairs these days so that, now, i better understand how brushless motors work.
Great explanation. I saw the brushless motor used in the electric unicycle .. and yes it needs better torque.
I see brushless motors in the Autoloader and pumps on Elemental Analysis equipment I work on for my job. There are brushed motors on older models. Just had a brushed motor in a DC pump fail last week.
Fantastic video. Epicly so. I watched and paused and rewound every few seconds, so I could absorb as much as possible. I'm generally familiar, even having build a small motor as a child, but this video is flawless. I watch most videos in 1.5-2.0 speed. Not this one. Thanks for stuffing it full of info.
I just studied all this at college this year, and believe me this guy does it better!
Nice, Simply explained, I enjoyed watching this Video, I wish I had a Teacher like you back in College, Love & Respect 🙏
Excellent explanation and animations as usual, this is a nice introduction that covers all the basics.
i learned a frikkin ton more than i need to and im not even sure when i'll be able to use this knowledge in the future
Thanks for the explanation. Been buying my powertools with only brushless motors because they were better. I never really understood why until now.
Thanks you so much. All your videos is very helpful for me. 🙏🙏
I'm an electronic student and all your videos make me understand a lot.
One is used in the compressor of the Carrier Greenspeed heat pump making it the most efficient air-source heat pump on the market with an HSPF ( Heating Season Performance Factor) of 13 while most others are 9.5 to 10.
Wow, making the complex simple. Love the channel!
Superb. I had no idea those beeps were actually doing something.
Haven't seen something more complicated than this for me....kudos ❤
Thank you for the free information comrade, you put so well and understandable way, well done people need more people like you in this world
is that your covert way of asking if he is a commie like you?
I haven't seen a more organized and well explained videos about electronics than this channel.
Good work!
The British sure are thorough.
Thank you for the tutorial, the first time I was made aware of a brushless motor was in the form of a battery powered drill