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Dont forget to mention the time traveling pregnant English woman who took part in this battle and had sex with her husband in that timeline nefore he send her back to her husband in out current timeline. Outlander-netflix its a crazy show
Fun fact: Many Scots moved to America, and specifically in the Appalachian mountains, the American frontier in the 18th century just so they can have their little clan wars. Two of those feuding clans were the Hatfields and the McCoys.
@@CliffCardi "redneck" came about because Scottish people who were living in Ireland before being shipped to the US after the last jacobite rebellion wore red scarves to set themselves apart from the Irish. They continued doing so when they got to the colonies (as you say, largely in Appalachia), so the term stuck. Since southern culture is largely dececended from highland Scottish culture, the term began to be applied to all southerners after a time.
@@edwardhardwick2180 It correctly translates to "broad sword". "Claidheamh dà làimh" (two handed sword) is the correct Gaelic for the Highland claymore.
In high school my history teacher wanted us to do a research paper (the ones with resources listed) on a historical battle. Most students did Civil War battles like Gettysburg and Manassas because there were easy to do. A few rebellious types did battles in ww1 or 2. I was determined to not do an American military battle. At the time I was reading a Scottish historical fantasy book and read a line referring to the Culloden. Before the internet was if any real use and way before Wikipedia was conceived, finding information on it was nearly impossible. I combed every vhs tape, book, and cassette tape available, but there just wasn't any information. Then 2 weeks before the due date I decided to try my luck at a local Scottish Fest and came across a historian from Scotland. That dude was ecstatic at my interest in Scottish history and got to work asking folks on the phone to get books sent over. I was late on my due date but had all my resources and a pretty darn lengthy paper! Got a 120 A+ Still got all the books. Had lost the vhs document years ago though.
I’m glad this highlighted the fact the Jacobite Rebellions weren’t just Scotland vs England, but had complicated political allegiances on both sides. And just an extra note on Bonnie Prince Charlie, years later he secretly made his way to London for a brief visit but the government didn’t do anything about his presence there because they just did not see him as a genuine threat anymore.
Right? I love how EC cover all of what happened and don't just boil it down to "Ireland/Scotland good, England bad" like we often see, they highlight the fact that it is far more complex then that while still covering all the bad stuff done by both sides. I'd really love to see them take on something like the Harrying of the north.
@@pendragonxt3674 I believe that was after Culloden, when his cause was lost and was fleeing Britain and disguised himself with woman’s clothing through the Highlands until he was smuggled out of Scotland.
Thanks for showing the multi national factions in this war. One of the biggest misconceptions, even here in Scotland, is that the Jacobite Uprising was a Scottish war for independence. You would not believe the number of Scots who,when the subject of Culloden is raised, start going on about "The bloody English." In the Battle of Culloden, there were almost as many Scots in red coats as there were under Charles' banner, and the aim of the war wasn't to establish a monarchy in Edinburgh, but to put a new one in London. The Scottish Highlanders - many of whom were forced to fight - were used as cannon fodder for people whose ambitions couldn't care less about the nation of Scotland.
I get what you mean but In my opinion It matters not if there were Scots fighting for the English. It’s still the English that are the invaders. It was still them that treated Scots as second class citizens. There’s a reason why even after hundreds of years they still want independence. This might not have been a war for independence but had they won it would have led to that result. As for the generals. War is ALWAYS worse for the poor. There’s not a single war between two countries where the poor suffer less than the rich. Both world wars saw generals sending thousands of men to their death with stupid plans.
@@ericsandrade The Scots gits were literally given the opportunity on a plate to vote for their independence in 2014, which they voted against, and are yet still bitching and moaning about “the English!”. I take it you’re a yank
This battle is one of those events that I've always heard of as being a pretty pivotal moment in Scotland's history, but I never really delved much deeper into it beyond that. Thanks for making a video on it 😊
Love the Celtic themed videos lately, as a descendent of people of the Celtic diasporas both Irish and Scottish I love learning about history of the Celtic peoples in all eras
@@themanhimself1229 most of it has been co-opted or censored by England once upon a time. I mean in Welsh courts you couldn't speak Welsh until the 1970s.
What a great video on a historic battle. My family’s clan didn’t officially take part in the conflict under the direction of the clan chief, but his brother and a smaller fighting force joined the Jacobites. It was fascinating to visit the site of the battle and the museum set up nearby. One thing that I remember from the museum (that I haven’t fact-checked, mind you) is that British infantry were ordered to attack the rebel to their right rather than the one directly in front of them, so that the highlanders (who we can assume were mostly right-handed and carried their shields in their left hands) couldn’t use their shields as effectively. In previous battles where the government infantry had defaulted to squaring off with the foe directly in front of them, the highlanders were able to move their bayonets aside with their shields before attacking with their swords.
I just got back from a UK trip, including a guided tour through the HIghlands to Skye. We stopped at Culloden on the first day, and our Scottish guide emphasized the fact that despite the assumptions of many, this was not another Scottish-English brawl, and was in fact a Scottish vs Scottish & English uprising, known by both sides to be treasonous, and punishable by death. The Jacobites who were killed or executed that day were unceremoniously dumped into mass graves without being identified, and now there are simply stones with the clan names and estimated body count for each one where they were roughly buried.
That's the way it was even for British soldiers until really the first world war, dead ordinary soldiers at the end of battles were thrown in a big hole and that was it.
I really love seeing this deeper dive into the actual combat and tactics of this one battle, as opposed to the normal, more generalized, overview that Extra History keeps to (to save on time, of course, not every battle in their history episodes can be explored as thoroughly). I have a love for history and historical battles, but being able to get a better view on what it was like for the soldiers on the battlefield is a great thing to understanding how these battles transpired. Not to say this is some perfectly in-depth discussion of this particular battle (or even musket warfare in general), but it's definely a nice breath of fresh air than the normal Extra History episodes that are usually much more "zoomed out". If the Extra History team reads this, it would be awesome to see more single episodes (or, heck, even TH-cam Shorts) like this!
Well done pronouncing Gaelic correctly, my aunt is from Skye and always made sure we pronounced it correctly so now when I hear it incorrectly it has a "nails on chalkboard" effect for me. It's a small thing I know but when informational channels get it wrong it always makes me cast doubt on their research regarding the rest of their content so I was very happy to hear you get it correct :)
I'm glad you looked at the nuances of this, a lot of histories simplify this to battle of highlanders vs lowlanders/brits, when it's really a tangled mess of different clans and regiments fundamentally fighting for a regime change. (Ps its pronounced Edinburgh, like how it's spelled 😝)
It’s a common fallacy that people seem to think that it’s easy to divide forces by nationality or homeland. For example take my home state of Tennessee. A lot of People don’t seem to know that there was a bunch of unionist supporters in the region despite the secession in the us civil war
@@Nostripe361 Eastern Tennessee was staunchly pro-Union. So was Western Virginia. Funny how those areas whose economies weren't conducive to large-scale slave plantations weren't so keen on "state's rights".
I actually have been to the site of the Battle of Culloden, there's a very good museum there. So many mass graves. They have exhibits with a 360 degree battle immersion room where soldiers charged st you screaming, grapeshot fired from cannons whizzed over your head and musketsmoke everywhere. They also had a top-down map that shower the battle sped up. But most impactful for me was the brick wall on the outside of the museum which showed casualties by a brick jutting out a smidge. The Government casualties took up something like to sparse four metres. The Jackobite casualties took up the REST OF THE WALL. Yeah turns out fighting your enemy exhausted while they they're better equipped, organized and were just trained into reloading muskets lightning fast doesn't end well for you
as a person with primarily irish, scottish, and french history, watching extra history focus on ppl who fucking hated england is kinda cathartic to me LOL
I visited this place back in 2008 when I went to Scotland with my dad. It's absolutly amazing and if you ever go to Scotland I highly recommend checking it out
Ooh, new video! Catching these is now a pretty nice part of my regular Saturday night. And Scottish history is so fascinating, so I am really excited to watch this.
This is actually first time they have done Scottish history which is fun. I think from English speaking regions New Zealand is now alone with no episodes (Canada was insulin so it doesn’t have dull series either, and I count Zulu’s for South Africa).
People say "history is written by the winners", but the Jacobite Wars are probably a good example of the reverse happening. They were fighting to restore a royal dynasty that was notorious for asserting a divine right to rule, a religion that was rejected by most English and Scots, and (in the clan system) the last remnants of feudalism. But popular history presents them as romantic heroes, and the war as a war for Scottish independence.
That truism was very true back in the day when most ppl couldn't write, so history was written to flatter the winners. It also applies to immediate writings, as in so far as the jacobites were condemned as traitors, but if they had won they would have been heroes. As for feudalism...england still has lords... As for whether it was for scottish independence i guess a lot of that narrative comes from what Cumberland did after...
"Non calaburn noctioni, pritsa torinok!!" "Take your sword, spill my blood, and make this ground holy!!" Been hoping you folks would get into the Jacobite Rebellions. I hope you do all of them, AND the English Civil Wars.
You can visit the battlefield. They have done their best to make the ground similar to the conditions at the battle. The idea of running across that ground into musket and cannon fire seems nuts.
Glad you delved into the complexity of this a bit - Americas usually gloss over this in pursuit of the myth, which is REALLY annoying to Scots. When Bonnie Prince Charlie was defeated there were huge celebrations in many parts of Scotland, so hated was he - while parts of English society were entirely behind him. Would love love love you to do a Mary Queen of Scots series at some point - her story is so completely crazy, she would be absolutely perfect for the Extra History treatment.
Loved how you used broadsword and claymore interchangeably. People tend to wrongly use claymore only for two-handed swords ("twa-handed swards" in Scots, it is a sister language to English after all), and that in Gaelic would be called claidheamh da laimh (something like "clay da lie(v?)", Gaelic is complicated language and I am by no means fluent or even conversational. Big thing to remember is consonant+h means you're gonna get a different sound than you would expect in English. Bean sith/sidhe is banshee, and claidheamh-mor is claymore, as examples). Also the correct flag, before the red of St. Patrick get's added in in 1801. Anyways, good on ya!
I’m a Canadian descendant of Clan MacLeod. My mother and I visited Scotland back in 2015, took a bus tour of the highlands and Skye - we visited the ruins of Trumpan Church and, of course, Castle Dunvegan itself. But one of the most emotionally impactful things we did on that trip was visit Culloden. I remember walking the paths around the battlefield, looking at the moss gilding the gravestones, and thinking “this is what a haunting feels like”. By the time we got back to our hotel in Edinburgh I was shaking like a leaf in a thunderstorm, and I spent the rest of the day in bed with a fever. To this day I’m still half-convinced that it was the echoes of Culloden’s dead clinging to me.
Many’s the lad Fought on that day Well the claymore did wield…. When the night came Silently lay Dead on Culloden’s field… - The Skye Boat Song by Sir Harold Boulton, 2nd Baronet
The “Dun” in “Dunvegan” means ‘castle’ or ‘fort’. The “vegan” part (pronounced vey-gan, not like the diet) doesn’t have a discernible translation, but most sources agree that it was likely derived from a person’s name.
My favorite fictional highlander, Jamie McCrimmon, was at Culloden. Odd as it sounds, I have been avoiding watching this because I did not want to hear how likely it was for him to have perished there.
As a Scotsman, this is one of my favourite parts of British history and Bonnie Prince Charlie is one of my favourite historical figures. So this was a cool video to watch.
If anyone hasn't seen it, Peter Watkins made a film about Culloden, but he did it in the style of a documentary with interviews and everything. Keep in mind that he made it in the early 60s, before the concept of docufiction was common parlance.
While it's good that you mentioned that in some ways it was more a civil war than invasion, one thing passed over is that sending Charles to Scotland was a gambit by the French in the ongoing War of the Austrian Succession (only hinted at by saying there were French troops in Charles' army). The French wanted to create a major distraction for their British foes, which it definitely did, probably coming closer to succeeding than they had actually thought when planning it.
@@tremendousbaguette9680 If you visit Northern England much you will find loads of communities still affected and buildings rebuilt in more defensible locations after the bloody Scottish invasion attempts.
@@spartanx9293 it’s actually even better, there’s two separate lines you could follow. One leads to the current Duke of Bavaria and through him the heir to the throne of Lichtenstein. But the other line of leads down to Princess Diana and then to Prince William meaning that there’s a strong case for William being the heir to both the Offical and Jacobite lines of succession
@@ej7416 to my knowledge neither of them are the next in line and even then there's no real point in replacing the house of Windsor they are purely ornamental if the monarchy actually had a point in the governance of the United Kingdom you might have good reasoning for it but they don't
In Fort Augustus at Loch Ness, there is a souvenir shop. Last time I was there, which was many years ago, there was a noose on a wall inside with a sign saying: "If a Campbell walks in, hang him with this noose for treason at Culloden." (A jest for tourists, nothing more).
There was an argentinian rock band named "Sumo" that make a song in english about this fight is call it "Cru a chan" and tell the same history of this video.
Love it how you show it is not Scotland vs England that some like to portray it as. Rather it is different factions of Scotland/Britain fighting over the political future
This is probably the most historically accurate description of the battle of Culloden that I have seen. I am Scottish and have studied this battle over many years.
i"ve walked the field, and at least when I was there, there was this low level of growth raised JUST far enough off the ground to snare and trip any carelessly placed foot. just imagine trying to charge through that. being there adds a level of understanding that is hard to convey via written sources. if anyone has the chance to visit a historical battlefield, take it. doesn't matter which one.
There's a novel called 'Dragonfly in Amber' by Diana Gabaldon that's the second book of a Scottish historical series. This one specifically centers around this battle.
The italo-scottish singer and songwritter Luca Prodan (later nationalized argentinian) wrote a song about the rebelion of 1745 called "Crua Chan". It became very popular here in Argentina in a time were most people didn't know a bit of English only for it's rythm and sound. Luca is still remembered as a rock and post-punk icon in argentinian culture.
My great-(great-great-great-not-sure-exactly)-great-uncle didn't fight at Culloden, but he was exiled for his involvement in the '45 uprising. Family lore says he's buried in Andalucia somewhere.
My some of my mom’s ancestors fought and died at Culloden and I visited there earlier this year it was just the strangest feeling knowing I was standing on the grave of my ancestors who fought and died for their beliefs
One of these days I’d like an extra credit series that explores the history of gunpowder and fire arms, as well as how such were used alongside traditional melee weapons, for example “Pike & Shot Warfare”.
Nothing I've read has explained the Battle of Culloden so well, most just say "Jacobites from Scotland nearly got to England, but were defeated, but moving on..." So thank you!
On my secondary school history trip the battlefield was the only piece of actual history we did as the teachers decided it would be easier to go to the trampoline centre and bowling alley because the kids who had opted for the history trip to get out of school were annoyed that there would be history. Me and 3 friends were the only ones who actually gave a crap and the lead teacher was so grateful that he got a guide and took us round on a smaller, more in depth tour because he was just happy to be able to teach history. We were allowed in the 360' room and got to hold some of the weapons which nobody else got to. As we were the history appreciating crowd we were given the hand in the water bowl treatment at the hostel that night, were given the full roller derby experience at the trampoline park where 2 of us had our glasses broken due by rogue dodgeballs and one troublemaker was sent home early to face a slap on the wrist for rolling a bowling ball at me and spraining my ankle. He was the rugby captain so faced nothing more than a compliment from the deputy rector for his accurate throw.
My ancestor Archibald Campbell and his brother General John Campbell fought in the first Jacobite Rebellion of 1715 for the British. Archibald’s grandson my 6th Great Grandfather fought the British in the American Revolution
Following the Battle of Culloden my lowland scots ancestors got transferred or emigrated to the colonies. We’re not sure, but we suspect it was part of the clearances that would follow the loss.
Overall a very refreshing and balanced take on battle and it’s effect, studying the Jacobite rebellions at Edinburgh uni was a treat however some omitted details I found really interesting are as follows: - although Prince Charles was in fact a Catholic only about 2% of Scotland at the time was so and a majority of the Scottish troops in the battle were in fact Protestant showing that the rebellions by the 1740s were much more than about religion - the government army was made up not only of Scots and Englishmen but also swedes, Dutchmen and Germans truly an international force - on of the deciding factors of the battle was the use of grape shot by the government which was devastating at mid-close ranges - although some Jacobite cannons were fired many a majority of them were unable to because the wagon master for the Jacobites was a raging alcoholic and didn’t consider wether the cannon balls he had brought even fit his cannon, cannons that were manned in large part by inexperienced civilians - and finally the reprisals that followed the battle went way beyond executions whole towns were butchered, livestock was confiscated forcing thousands into starvation some historians have compered it to state sponsored genocide. It even occurred in pro government territory - also before the battle commenced the Jacobites were starving, badly, whilst the government forces were well wintered in Aberdeen being well fed and rigorously trained on the orders of Cumberland
One of my ancestors was exiled to the Carolinas after the 1715 Jacobite uprising. His grandson later fought in the American revolution. It must have been a family tradition.
Yoooo I had an ancestor who died in exile in Williamsburg :D (I haven't found any information on the family's involvement in the Revolutionary War, but a couple of distant cousins served in the New Orleans campaign.)
Fun fact: the British tried to get the Highland regiments under their command to wear trousers instead of kilts and the troops nearly revolted. The idea was quickly scrapped.
@@loyalpiper None. Trews (tartan trousers) were part of the the Highland cultural tradition and were regularly worn even before the de-kilting post-Culloden.
@dungeonsanddobbers2683 I'm aware, I was more meaning the aspect of trying to replace the kilt with trews since trews were used by highland regiments used them as fatigue uniforms.
@@ferretyluv yes. But when one says Welsh. Broadly it means any family south of the Antonine wall. Wales Welsh today wasn't a thing back in Arthur's day. Different families across Northwest Europe claim Brythonic or Arthurian descent without it being Wales Welsh. But rather other kinds of Welsh.
@@noahtylerpritchett2682 "Welsh" i believe, was an Anglo Saxon word for "celt", so lots of non-Germanic groups in Britain were referred to as "Welsh" at various times, regardless of their relation to the modern day people of Wales
Does anyone know why bayonets used to be mounted above the barrel instead of below? Below seems like the most logical place to put them, but there must have been some reason why they'd choose above instead.
I would hazard a guess it comes mainly in the form of the thrusting motion of the rifle, like striking down att the foe with a downwards thrust and maybe the notion of iron sights on older weapons weren't to effective so bayonets where just attached above, these are my guesses but could be other reasons that can be more accurate
The ring/socket bayonet was still pretty new at the time, and I believe there was a lot of experimentation with bayonet placement at the time (I've seen depictions of bayonets at the side of the barrel instead of over/under).
Wasn't the 4th Regiment of Foot known as The King's Own Regiment at this time, and not the 4th? Also, weren't Mitre caps more common at this time? Instead of cocked hats?
Yo the Knight Shop has some Culloden themed stuff on sale and clearance right now. Just a coincidence I suppose that I noticed that today, on a day you upload something about Culloden.
how the British Army withstood the Highland charge was a masterstroke too, before the battle they trained their soldiers who were in line formation when in fixed bayonets they had been drilled not to stab the man in front but to stab to the left counteracting the swing of the sword and shield.
Arguably the effectiveness of the Highland Charge had been already largely reduced by the introduction of the ring bayonet and was largely still being used in 1745 purely as a shock tactic.
The later romanticising of the highlands and the clan system that the video mentions was no accident. Just about everything that's part of that "Romantic Highland Lifestyle" that people associate with Scotland, was all promoted and popularised deliberately by people like author and campaigner Sir Walter Scott (Whose "Waverley" series of novels, and his Highland-themed organisation of a royal visit to Scotland did a lot of the publicity work ). This was done with an explicitly political aim- to save Highland and Scottish culture from the campaign of suppression that followed the '45 risings- which was what we'd now call a campaign of cultural genocide. By re-making Scottish culture as something Romantic, they sought to make it appear non-threatening, and update the nation's image into "a place of wild beauty" rather than "a rebellious colonial province that needs to be dealt with". In doing so, you can argue that they saved the idea of Scotland as a nation (There having been an attempt to rename the place as "North Britain" in the wake of Culloden).
Though they mistakenly adopted many English foods and clothing as traditional highland culture like the Kilt worn about the waist rather than over the shoulder which was traditional Northumbrian dress, and Haggis which had been eaten in England for centuries before (probably Lancastrian in origin) but was mistaken as Scottish because of Burns Address to a Haggis. You also had them romanticizing Celtic Gaelic as the language of Scots rather than the Northumbrian dialect English they traditionally spoke which had been displaced by Irish settlers speaking Erse invading the islands and displacing the native Scots.
Well, actually, those Irish settlers had lived there for longer than the Northumbrian English, total bias there. "Native Scots" is also a misnomer because the Scots WERE those Irish settlers. The Scoti were a tribe from Northern Ireland. Also, Northumbrian English was only really "traditional" in southwest Scotland where Edinburgh is. For most of Scotland, the native language was originally Pictish/brythonic. TL;DR really shows your bias when you insinuate that one language that arrived in the area in the 6th century as "foreign" and another language that arrived in the area in the 6th century as "native" or "traditional". What's definitely not true is your assertion that gaelic "displaced" Northumbrian English. It never did that. It displaced Pictish and Norn, and was itself later displaced by English.
@@robokill387 "those Irish settlers had lived there for longer than the Northumbrian English" We don't actually have any evidence of when different cultural groups started showing up in the area due to the lack of contemporary sources. All we really know for sure is that Ulster Scots, Cumbrians, Picts, and the Anglo Saxons of Northumbria were in those areas as early as the 6th century. But I do agree that there's some weird bias happening with watcher's post. "What's definitely not true is your assertion that gaelic "displaced" Northumbrian English" Semi-true. Anglo-Saxon wasn't really spoken in the area, the southern regions spoke either Cumbric or Galwegian Gaelic (which was mostly isolated to Galloway and Carrick), with Pictish being the majority language and Scots Gaelic being isolated to Dal Riata (later Innse Gall) until about the 9th century when Gaelic started to supplant the other language groups after the Scots usurped the Pictish throne. "It displaced Pictish and Norn" Pictish, yes. Norn, no. In fact the widespread promotion of Scots Gaelic by the Scottish Government is met with some hostility by the Northern Isles due to the fact that the Gaelic was _never_ spoken in that area as it had been mostly supplanted by Scots by the time that Norway ceded Orkney and Shetland to Scotland as a dowry payment (in fact, unlike the rest of the "indigenous" Scottish languages, Norn was still spoken as late as the 19th century).
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"behind the bean" sure is a good incentive.
Love to see an episode on the norse geals on the highlands and the gallowglass.
Dont forget to mention the time traveling pregnant English woman who took part in this battle and had sex with her husband in that timeline nefore he send her back to her husband in out current timeline.
Outlander-netflix its a crazy show
Pardon me, but at 0:41, are the soldiers shooting out of their bayonets or something?
I liked this video because of your amazing ad! Great work! Love Zoey!
Fun fact: Many Scots moved to America, and specifically in the Appalachian mountains, the American frontier in the 18th century just so they can have their little clan wars. Two of those feuding clans were the Hatfields and the McCoys.
Boy, I HATE the McCoys.
Nfw
which is also where we get the term "redneck"
@@zachtaylor8222how so?
@@CliffCardi "redneck" came about because Scottish people who were living in Ireland before being shipped to the US after the last jacobite rebellion wore red scarves to set themselves apart from the Irish. They continued doing so when they got to the colonies (as you say, largely in Appalachia), so the term stuck. Since southern culture is largely dececended from highland Scottish culture, the term began to be applied to all southerners after a time.
Love that they show the basket-hilted claymores of the scots rather than the greatsword. One of those little touches that is so over overlooked.
Both uses are correct though. Claymore is just an anglicisation of the gaelic claidheamh mór which translates as big/great sword.
@@edwardhardwick2180 It correctly translates to "broad sword". "Claidheamh dà làimh" (two handed sword) is the correct Gaelic for the Highland claymore.
In high school my history teacher wanted us to do a research paper (the ones with resources listed) on a historical battle. Most students did Civil War battles like Gettysburg and Manassas because there were easy to do. A few rebellious types did battles in ww1 or 2.
I was determined to not do an American military battle. At the time I was reading a Scottish historical fantasy book and read a line referring to the Culloden.
Before the internet was if any real use and way before Wikipedia was conceived, finding information on it was nearly impossible. I combed every vhs tape, book, and cassette tape available, but there just wasn't any information. Then 2 weeks before the due date I decided to try my luck at a local Scottish Fest and came across a historian from Scotland. That dude was ecstatic at my interest in Scottish history and got to work asking folks on the phone to get books sent over.
I was late on my due date but had all my resources and a pretty darn lengthy paper! Got a 120 A+
Still got all the books. Had lost the vhs document years ago though.
👏🏿 👏🏿👏🏿
Aww, that's fantastic!
@@redred7289 that was one of the sources I used! Thanks for leading me back to it!
The books/show outlander is also good historical fantasy
Fuckin legend of a historian
Fun fact: the other (maternal) grandfather of "Bonnie Prince Charlie" was John III Sobieski. You know, the one of the battle of Vienna fame.
I’m glad this highlighted the fact the Jacobite Rebellions weren’t just Scotland vs England, but had complicated political allegiances on both sides.
And just an extra note on Bonnie Prince Charlie, years later he secretly made his way to London for a brief visit but the government didn’t do anything about his presence there because they just did not see him as a genuine threat anymore.
Right? I love how EC cover all of what happened and don't just boil it down to "Ireland/Scotland good, England bad" like we often see, they highlight the fact that it is far more complex then that while still covering all the bad stuff done by both sides. I'd really love to see them take on something like the Harrying of the north.
Yeah, and Prince Charlie disguised himself as a woman to get there.
@@pendragonxt3674 I believe that was after Culloden, when his cause was lost and was fleeing Britain and disguised himself with woman’s clothing through the Highlands until he was smuggled out of Scotland.
@@pendragonxt3674 I thought this was when he had to flee from Scottland?
@@Furzkampfbomber yeah. And here’s another fact.
After Charlie’s rebellion, a law was passed to make it illegal for Scotsmen to wear kilts.
Thanks for showing the multi national factions in this war. One of the biggest misconceptions, even here in Scotland, is that the Jacobite Uprising was a Scottish war for independence. You would not believe the number of Scots who,when the subject of Culloden is raised, start going on about "The bloody English." In the Battle of Culloden, there were almost as many Scots in red coats as there were under Charles' banner, and the aim of the war wasn't to establish a monarchy in Edinburgh, but to put a new one in London. The Scottish Highlanders - many of whom were forced to fight - were used as cannon fodder for people whose ambitions couldn't care less about the nation of Scotland.
There were certainly more Scots in Cumberland's army than in Prince Charles's.
I get what you mean but In my opinion It matters not if there were Scots fighting for the English. It’s still the English that are the invaders. It was still them that treated Scots as second class citizens. There’s a reason why even after hundreds of years they still want independence. This might not have been a war for independence but had they won it would have led to that result.
As for the generals. War is ALWAYS worse for the poor. There’s not a single war between two countries where the poor suffer less than the rich. Both world wars saw generals sending thousands of men to their death with stupid plans.
@@ericsandrade you have completely and utterly hiden historical fact under the fog of your personal, modern, political ideology.
@@BadgerOfTheSea what exactly do you disagree with ? What exactly is it that you believe isn’t correct?
@@ericsandrade The Scots gits were literally given the opportunity on a plate to vote for their independence in 2014, which they voted against, and are yet still bitching and moaning about “the English!”. I take it you’re a yank
At Culloden, a bayonet is a weapon with a Scotsman at each end.
I love the drawings of horses on this channel.
I can’t stop being amazed at how Matt describe battles during Extra History episodes. Simply perfect!
This battle is one of those events that I've always heard of as being a pretty pivotal moment in Scotland's history, but I never really delved much deeper into it beyond that. Thanks for making a video on it 😊
“A day to come seems longer than a year that’s gone.”
- Scottish Proverb
Love the Celtic themed videos lately, as a descendent of people of the Celtic diasporas both Irish and Scottish I love learning about history of the Celtic peoples in all eras
I'm hoping we get something Welsh soon
If you want good Irish history - Fin Dwyer’s Irish History Podcast is really good!
Never remember us fckn Cornish though. "The Celtic People's, Welsh Irish and Scottish!"
Fckn mainstream bs.
KERNOW BYS VYKEN
@@themanhimself1229 most of it has been co-opted or censored by England once upon a time. I mean in Welsh courts you couldn't speak Welsh until the 1970s.
As a descendent of the pre-celtic peoples i'd love to learn about the history of uk and ireland before the celts tookover.
What a great video on a historic battle. My family’s clan didn’t officially take part in the conflict under the direction of the clan chief, but his brother and a smaller fighting force joined the Jacobites. It was fascinating to visit the site of the battle and the museum set up nearby. One thing that I remember from the museum (that I haven’t fact-checked, mind you) is that British infantry were ordered to attack the rebel to their right rather than the one directly in front of them, so that the highlanders (who we can assume were mostly right-handed and carried their shields in their left hands) couldn’t use their shields as effectively. In previous battles where the government infantry had defaulted to squaring off with the foe directly in front of them, the highlanders were able to move their bayonets aside with their shields before attacking with their swords.
I just got back from a UK trip, including a guided tour through the HIghlands to Skye. We stopped at Culloden on the first day, and our Scottish guide emphasized the fact that despite the assumptions of many, this was not another Scottish-English brawl, and was in fact a Scottish vs Scottish & English uprising, known by both sides to be treasonous, and punishable by death. The Jacobites who were killed or executed that day were unceremoniously dumped into mass graves without being identified, and now there are simply stones with the clan names and estimated body count for each one where they were roughly buried.
That's the way it was even for British soldiers until really the first world war, dead ordinary soldiers at the end of battles were thrown in a big hole and that was it.
I am in Glasgow right now, Scottish people are the most polite and kind people I have ever encountered. I love Scotland ❤️
Glasgow aren’t highlanders. They are lowlanders loyalist to London
I really love seeing this deeper dive into the actual combat and tactics of this one battle, as opposed to the normal, more generalized, overview that Extra History keeps to (to save on time, of course, not every battle in their history episodes can be explored as thoroughly). I have a love for history and historical battles, but being able to get a better view on what it was like for the soldiers on the battlefield is a great thing to understanding how these battles transpired. Not to say this is some perfectly in-depth discussion of this particular battle (or even musket warfare in general), but it's definely a nice breath of fresh air than the normal Extra History episodes that are usually much more "zoomed out".
If the Extra History team reads this, it would be awesome to see more single episodes (or, heck, even TH-cam Shorts) like this!
Well done pronouncing Gaelic correctly, my aunt is from Skye and always made sure we pronounced it correctly so now when I hear it incorrectly it has a "nails on chalkboard" effect for me.
It's a small thing I know but when informational channels get it wrong it always makes me cast doubt on their research regarding the rest of their content so I was very happy to hear you get it correct :)
The ARTWORK and the Writing consistently are the two things I love about everything you do.
I'm glad you looked at the nuances of this, a lot of histories simplify this to battle of highlanders vs lowlanders/brits, when it's really a tangled mess of different clans and regiments fundamentally fighting for a regime change.
(Ps its pronounced Edinburgh, like how it's spelled 😝)
It’s a common fallacy that people seem to think that it’s easy to divide forces by nationality or homeland. For example take my home state of Tennessee. A lot of People don’t seem to know that there was a bunch of unionist supporters in the region despite the secession in the us civil war
Embra!
@@Nostripe361 Eastern Tennessee was staunchly pro-Union. So was Western Virginia. Funny how those areas whose economies weren't conducive to large-scale slave plantations weren't so keen on "state's rights".
Yo it's not pronounced Edinbruh?
I actually have been to the site of the Battle of Culloden, there's a very good museum there. So many mass graves. They have exhibits with a 360 degree battle immersion room where soldiers charged st you screaming, grapeshot fired from cannons whizzed over your head and musketsmoke everywhere. They also had a top-down map that shower the battle sped up.
But most impactful for me was the brick wall on the outside of the museum which showed casualties by a brick jutting out a smidge. The Government casualties took up something like to sparse four metres. The Jackobite casualties took up the REST OF THE WALL.
Yeah turns out fighting your enemy exhausted while they they're better equipped, organized and were just trained into reloading muskets lightning fast doesn't end well for you
Shoutout to Extra Credit's artists indeed, they do absolutely amazing work and their horses never, ever fail to make me LOL.
Love how you went from Irish war of independence to this, starting to see a trend here
(the trend is that the british are the worst)
Of course, who doesn't hate England
as a person with primarily irish, scottish, and french history, watching extra history focus on ppl who fucking hated england is kinda cathartic to me LOL
Superiority does breed controversy
@@migglesism indeed
"Aghh! My hand. It's been cut off!!!"
"But captain, how can you tell? We don't have arms."
Wow! I'm really glad you covered this topic. I would love to see more Scottish history on this channel!
I visited this place back in 2008 when I went to Scotland with my dad. It's absolutly amazing and if you ever go to Scotland I highly recommend checking it out
Ooh, new video! Catching these is now a pretty nice part of my regular Saturday night. And Scottish history is so fascinating, so I am really excited to watch this.
This is actually first time they have done Scottish history which is fun. I think from English speaking regions New Zealand is now alone with no episodes (Canada was insulin so it doesn’t have dull series either, and I count Zulu’s for South Africa).
People say "history is written by the winners", but the Jacobite Wars are probably a good example of the reverse happening.
They were fighting to restore a royal dynasty that was notorious for asserting a divine right to rule, a religion that was rejected by most English and Scots, and (in the clan system) the last remnants of feudalism. But popular history presents them as romantic heroes, and the war as a war for Scottish independence.
That truism was very true back in the day when most ppl couldn't write, so history was written to flatter the winners.
It also applies to immediate writings, as in so far as the jacobites were condemned as traitors, but if they had won they would have been heroes.
As for feudalism...england still has lords...
As for whether it was for scottish independence i guess a lot of that narrative comes from what Cumberland did after...
"Non calaburn noctioni, pritsa torinok!!"
"Take your sword, spill my blood, and make this ground holy!!"
Been hoping you folks would get into the Jacobite Rebellions. I hope you do all of them, AND the English Civil Wars.
Would you mind sharing where that quote is from? Google is not returning any results for me
@@PyrusFlameborn it's from that King Arthur film with Clive Owen and Keira Knightley.
@@GallowglassVT ya got it!!
You can visit the battlefield. They have done their best to make the ground similar to the conditions at the battle. The idea of running across that ground into musket and cannon fire seems nuts.
When I heard “jacobites” I immediately remembered the south sea bubble series and knew how it would end
Think I spotted Walpole in there somewhere.
Glad you delved into the complexity of this a bit - Americas usually gloss over this in pursuit of the myth, which is REALLY annoying to Scots. When Bonnie Prince Charlie was defeated there were huge celebrations in many parts of Scotland, so hated was he - while parts of English society were entirely behind him.
Would love love love you to do a Mary Queen of Scots series at some point - her story is so completely crazy, she would be absolutely perfect for the Extra History treatment.
Don’t blame Americans for not knowing this. A lot of Scots don’t know this, and Scotland doesn’t come up much in American history classes.
Were the Scots who hated him Protestant and the English who were behind him Catholic?
Trying to make sense of this
"Americas usually gloss over this in pursuit of the myth"
TBF, so do a lot of Scots.
Loved how you used broadsword and claymore interchangeably. People tend to wrongly use claymore only for two-handed swords ("twa-handed swards" in Scots, it is a sister language to English after all), and that in Gaelic would be called claidheamh da laimh (something like "clay da lie(v?)", Gaelic is complicated language and I am by no means fluent or even conversational. Big thing to remember is consonant+h means you're gonna get a different sound than you would expect in English. Bean sith/sidhe is banshee, and claidheamh-mor is claymore, as examples).
Also the correct flag, before the red of St. Patrick get's added in in 1801.
Anyways, good on ya!
I’m a Canadian descendant of Clan MacLeod. My mother and I visited Scotland back in 2015, took a bus tour of the highlands and Skye - we visited the ruins of Trumpan Church and, of course, Castle Dunvegan itself. But one of the most emotionally impactful things we did on that trip was visit Culloden. I remember walking the paths around the battlefield, looking at the moss gilding the gravestones, and thinking “this is what a haunting feels like”. By the time we got back to our hotel in Edinburgh I was shaking like a leaf in a thunderstorm, and I spent the rest of the day in bed with a fever. To this day I’m still half-convinced that it was the echoes of Culloden’s dead clinging to me.
Many’s the lad
Fought on that day
Well the claymore did wield….
When the night came
Silently lay
Dead on Culloden’s field…
- The Skye Boat Song by Sir Harold Boulton, 2nd Baronet
Castle was called dunvegan because they caught a deer and had meet
Probably too much Irn Bru
The “Dun” in “Dunvegan” means ‘castle’ or ‘fort’. The “vegan” part (pronounced vey-gan, not like the diet) doesn’t have a discernible translation, but most sources agree that it was likely derived from a person’s name.
Grow up
I had the chance of visiting the battlefield of Culloden and the museum back in 2011. That episode brought great memories !
My favorite fictional highlander, Jamie McCrimmon, was at Culloden. Odd as it sounds, I have been avoiding watching this because I did not want to hear how likely it was for him to have perished there.
As a Scotsman, this is one of my favourite parts of British history and Bonnie Prince Charlie is one of my favourite historical figures. So this was a cool video to watch.
If anyone hasn't seen it, Peter Watkins made a film about Culloden, but he did it in the style of a documentary with interviews and everything. Keep in mind that he made it in the early 60s, before the concept of docufiction was common parlance.
A very brutal docudrama.
"This is grapeshot. This is what it does".
While it's good that you mentioned that in some ways it was more a civil war than invasion, one thing passed over is that sending Charles to Scotland was a gambit by the French in the ongoing War of the Austrian Succession (only hinted at by saying there were French troops in Charles' army). The French wanted to create a major distraction for their British foes, which it definitely did, probably coming closer to succeeding than they had actually thought when planning it.
Cumberland's ego being badly bruised at Fontenoy did nothing to arrange the mood of the victors, it seems.
@@tremendousbaguette9680 If you visit Northern England much you will find loads of communities still affected and buildings rebuilt in more defensible locations after the bloody Scottish invasion attempts.
As a dastardly Jacobite myself, I'm glad to see this battle getting some recognition
How exactly are you a jackabite I'm fairly sure their line doesn't exist in the modern day much less is anyone willing to fight for it
@@spartanx9293 it’s actually even better, there’s two separate lines you could follow. One leads to the current Duke of Bavaria and through him the heir to the throne of Lichtenstein. But the other line of leads down to Princess Diana and then to Prince William meaning that there’s a strong case for William being the heir to both the Offical and Jacobite lines of succession
@@ej7416 to my knowledge neither of them are the next in line and even then there's no real point in replacing the house of Windsor they are purely ornamental if the monarchy actually had a point in the governance of the United Kingdom you might have good reasoning for it but they don't
@@spartanx9293monarchs don’t govern and haven’t for centuries. They appoint people to govern
In Fort Augustus at Loch Ness, there is a souvenir shop. Last time I was there, which was many years ago, there was a noose on a wall inside with a sign saying: "If a Campbell walks in, hang him with this noose for treason at Culloden." (A jest for tourists, nothing more).
If you ever have a chance to visit, the museum at Culloden is excellent
I'm just going to pretend I totally knew about Culloden before binge-watching five seasons of "Outlander."
Never had Tunes of War album by Grave Digger? One of the best Power Metal records of all time.
This was great but I would have liked to see you go into the Highland Clearances after the battle.
An absolute atrocity.
It’s a pretty separate topic really. The two aren’t particularly linked.
@@Zveebo I'v seen it argued that the disempowerment of the clan system after the battle enabled it.
@@Rert It was the clan Cheiftains themselves who carried out the clearances, for their own financial gain .
I think you mean the Scottish clearances.
There was an argentinian rock band named "Sumo" that make a song in english about this fight is call it "Cru a chan" and tell the same history of this video.
Love it how you show it is not Scotland vs England that some like to portray it as. Rather it is different factions of Scotland/Britain fighting over the political future
Scottish History tours on YT is a great way to learn enough to take you on a deeper travel through the past with real countryside too
Love your more general history videos, but I gotta say I do miss these war/battle focused videos. The battle storytelling was superb
It’s interesting to see how messy and complicated the loyalties and desires were of the two forces
This is probably the most historically accurate description of the battle of Culloden that I have seen. I am Scottish and have studied this battle over many years.
Great video! I’d like to see more videos of this type, first it was the Easter rising. Now it’s the Jacobin Uprising!
This is an excellent description of an often overromanticized event.
I visited Culloden last year. It’s a very surreal and beautiful place.
Hey! I am learning Scottish History in the University of Glasgow and have written an essay related to this battle.
Who cares???
JK I love history is there somewhere I can read it? 😅
FINALLY ONE OF MY FAVORITE BRITISH HISTORICAL EVENTS!
THANK YOU SO MUCH EXTRA CREDITS !
As a proud member of Clan Campbell, it’s great to see my ancestors in an EH episode
And as a proud member of Clan Lamont I say bugger the Campbells.
Still salty about the Dunoon massacre.
Be prepared to be called a “traitor” by MacDonalds, MacGregors, MacLeans, Stewarts of Appin…WOW! Your ancestors sure made a LOT of enemies!
@@MrHDE-ex6xl “made?”
Who said we stopped
@@premierbin4372 😂
You should take a look at the Highland clearances, it's definitely something that would be really up this channels alley. Especially an in depth look.
i"ve walked the field, and at least when I was there, there was this low level of growth raised JUST far enough off the ground to snare and trip any carelessly placed foot. just imagine trying to charge through that. being there adds a level of understanding that is hard to convey via written sources. if anyone has the chance to visit a historical battlefield, take it. doesn't matter which one.
There's a novel called 'Dragonfly in Amber' by Diana Gabaldon that's the second book of a Scottish historical series. This one specifically centers around this battle.
This battleground evokes a great feeling when you stand upon it.
Props to the artists. Two tons worth.
Fun fact, this is the only battle field victory for the Duke of Cumberland. XD
Your artists have hats that make the pope jealous. You have marvellous, magical, sparkly hats and I love them.
Holy Moly, I didnt expect to see a video on this, good job EC crew!
I would be interested in a series on the highland clearances
The italo-scottish singer and songwritter Luca Prodan (later nationalized argentinian) wrote a song about the rebelion of 1745 called "Crua Chan". It became very popular here in Argentina in a time were most people didn't know a bit of English only for it's rythm and sound. Luca is still remembered as a rock and post-punk icon in argentinian culture.
My great-(great-great-great-not-sure-exactly)-great-uncle didn't fight at Culloden, but he was exiled for his involvement in the '45 uprising. Family lore says he's buried in Andalucia somewhere.
🎵Come through the heather, around him gather
Ye're a' the welcomer early
Around him cling wi' a' your kin
For wha'll be King but Charlie?🎵
My some of my mom’s ancestors fought and died at Culloden and I visited there earlier this year it was just the strangest feeling knowing I was standing on the grave of my ancestors who fought and died for their beliefs
"...a volley of lead, crashing with the regularity of ocean waves." Daaaamn 🔥
My clan was part of the Jacobites, and I've been to Culloden. It's quite an experience.
One of these days I’d like an extra credit series that explores the history of gunpowder and fire arms, as well as how such were used alongside traditional melee weapons, for example “Pike & Shot Warfare”.
For those who dont know, the book and tv series Outlander is based around this time period. And the battle is very very important withitn thr story
I’ve been waiting for the Jacobite rebellions
I grew up on Culloden Battlefield, so nice to see this
As a Brit from England, I've always been interested in Scotland and it's history in our union. Very interesting video 🇬🇧🏴🏴
Nothing I've read has explained the Battle of Culloden so well, most just say "Jacobites from Scotland nearly got to England, but were defeated, but moving on..."
So thank you!
On my secondary school history trip the battlefield was the only piece of actual history we did as the teachers decided it would be easier to go to the trampoline centre and bowling alley because the kids who had opted for the history trip to get out of school were annoyed that there would be history. Me and 3 friends were the only ones who actually gave a crap and the lead teacher was so grateful that he got a guide and took us round on a smaller, more in depth tour because he was just happy to be able to teach history. We were allowed in the 360' room and got to hold some of the weapons which nobody else got to. As we were the history appreciating crowd we were given the hand in the water bowl treatment at the hostel that night, were given the full roller derby experience at the trampoline park where 2 of us had our glasses broken due by rogue dodgeballs and one troublemaker was sent home early to face a slap on the wrist for rolling a bowling ball at me and spraining my ankle. He was the rugby captain so faced nothing more than a compliment from the deputy rector for his accurate throw.
Can we just talk about how awesome Scottish uniforms are?
My ancestor Archibald Campbell and his brother General John Campbell fought in the first Jacobite Rebellion of 1715 for the British. Archibald’s grandson my 6th Great Grandfather fought the British in the American Revolution
Who cares
Following the Battle of Culloden my lowland scots ancestors got transferred or emigrated to the colonies. We’re not sure, but we suspect it was part of the clearances that would follow the loss.
"I will rise and follow, follow,
I will rise and follow follow
I will rise and follow on,
Rise and follow Charlie!"
A good novella to read is Sir Walter Scott's The Highland Widow, which explores the post-rebellion life of a highland family
Overall a very refreshing and balanced take on battle and it’s effect, studying the Jacobite rebellions at Edinburgh uni was a treat however some omitted details I found really interesting are as follows:
- although Prince Charles was in fact a Catholic only about 2% of Scotland at the time was so and a majority of the Scottish troops in the battle were in fact Protestant showing that the rebellions by the 1740s were much more than about religion
- the government army was made up not only of Scots and Englishmen but also swedes, Dutchmen and Germans truly an international force
- on of the deciding factors of the battle was the use of grape shot by the government which was devastating at mid-close ranges
- although some Jacobite cannons were fired many a majority of them were unable to because the wagon master for the Jacobites was a raging alcoholic and didn’t consider wether the cannon balls he had brought even fit his cannon, cannons that were manned in large part by inexperienced civilians
- and finally the reprisals that followed the battle went way beyond executions whole towns were butchered, livestock was confiscated forcing thousands into starvation some historians have compered it to state sponsored genocide. It even occurred in pro government territory
- also before the battle commenced the Jacobites were starving, badly, whilst the government forces were well wintered in Aberdeen being well fed and rigorously trained on the orders of Cumberland
I love your horse doodle!! :D Can I have stricker?
SING ME A SONG OF A LASS THAT IS GOOOONE!
One of my ancestors was exiled to the Carolinas after the 1715 Jacobite uprising. His grandson later fought in the American revolution. It must have been a family tradition.
Yoooo I had an ancestor who died in exile in Williamsburg :D
(I haven't found any information on the family's involvement in the Revolutionary War, but a couple of distant cousins served in the New Orleans campaign.)
Fun fact: the British tried to get the Highland regiments under their command to wear trousers instead of kilts and the troops nearly revolted. The idea was quickly scrapped.
Any sources for this?
@@loyalpiper None. Trews (tartan trousers) were part of the the Highland cultural tradition and were regularly worn even before the de-kilting post-Culloden.
@dungeonsanddobbers2683 I'm aware, I was more meaning the aspect of trying to replace the kilt with trews since trews were used by highland regiments used them as fatigue uniforms.
My grandmother was a campbel which was actually one of the most powerful clans during this time
Campbells are one of two clans in Scotland who claim descent from the Briton King Arthur Pendragon
@@noahtylerpritchett2682 Wasn’t King Arthur supposed to be Welsh?
@@ferretyluv yes. But when one says Welsh. Broadly it means any family south of the Antonine wall.
Wales Welsh today wasn't a thing back in Arthur's day.
Different families across Northwest Europe claim Brythonic or Arthurian descent without it being Wales Welsh. But rather other kinds of Welsh.
@@noahtylerpritchett2682 "Welsh" i believe, was an Anglo Saxon word for "celt", so lots of non-Germanic groups in Britain were referred to as "Welsh" at various times, regardless of their relation to the modern day people of Wales
@@SonofSethoitae ding ding ding you hit the head of the nail with a hammer.
Yes you are correct.
Clan Morrison was there ! Some distant relatives of mine considering my family was in cape breton Nova Scotia at the time
Does anyone know why bayonets used to be mounted above the barrel instead of below? Below seems like the most logical place to put them, but there must have been some reason why they'd choose above instead.
I would hazard a guess it comes mainly in the form of the thrusting motion of the rifle, like striking down att the foe with a downwards thrust and maybe the notion of iron sights on older weapons weren't to effective so bayonets where just attached above, these are my guesses but could be other reasons that can be more accurate
The ring/socket bayonet was still pretty new at the time, and I believe there was a lot of experimentation with bayonet placement at the time (I've seen depictions of bayonets at the side of the barrel instead of over/under).
Always enjoy the art! My students love your videos as well. Keep it up.
Wasn't the 4th Regiment of Foot known as The King's Own Regiment at this time, and not the 4th? Also, weren't Mitre caps more common at this time? Instead of cocked hats?
Outlander really had me crying watching the episodes where this was covered
"His hand was chopped off"... but they all of disembodied hands.
Yo the Knight Shop has some Culloden themed stuff on sale and clearance right now. Just a coincidence I suppose that I noticed that today, on a day you upload something about Culloden.
Firing one round every twenty seconds.
Now that's soldiering
how the British Army withstood the Highland charge was a masterstroke too, before the battle they trained their soldiers who were in line formation when in fixed bayonets they had been drilled not to stab the man in front but to stab to the left counteracting the swing of the sword and shield.
Arguably the effectiveness of the Highland Charge had been already largely reduced by the introduction of the ring bayonet and was largely still being used in 1745 purely as a shock tactic.
Would be nice to have a series about the Unification of England
The later romanticising of the highlands and the clan system that the video mentions was no accident.
Just about everything that's part of that "Romantic Highland Lifestyle" that people associate with Scotland, was all promoted and popularised deliberately by people like author and campaigner Sir Walter Scott (Whose "Waverley" series of novels, and his Highland-themed organisation of a royal visit to Scotland did a lot of the publicity work ). This was done with an explicitly political aim- to save Highland and Scottish culture from the campaign of suppression that followed the '45 risings- which was what we'd now call a campaign of cultural genocide.
By re-making Scottish culture as something Romantic, they sought to make it appear non-threatening, and update the nation's image into "a place of wild beauty" rather than "a rebellious colonial province that needs to be dealt with". In doing so, you can argue that they saved the idea of Scotland as a nation (There having been an attempt to rename the place as "North Britain" in the wake of Culloden).
Though they mistakenly adopted many English foods and clothing as traditional highland culture like the Kilt worn about the waist rather than over the shoulder which was traditional Northumbrian dress, and Haggis which had been eaten in England for centuries before (probably Lancastrian in origin) but was mistaken as Scottish because of Burns Address to a Haggis. You also had them romanticizing Celtic Gaelic as the language of Scots rather than the Northumbrian dialect English they traditionally spoke which had been displaced by Irish settlers speaking Erse invading the islands and displacing the native Scots.
Well, actually, those Irish settlers had lived there for longer than the Northumbrian English, total bias there. "Native Scots" is also a misnomer because the Scots WERE those Irish settlers. The Scoti were a tribe from Northern Ireland. Also, Northumbrian English was only really "traditional" in southwest Scotland where Edinburgh is. For most of Scotland, the native language was originally Pictish/brythonic.
TL;DR really shows your bias when you insinuate that one language that arrived in the area in the 6th century as "foreign" and another language that arrived in the area in the 6th century as "native" or "traditional". What's definitely not true is your assertion that gaelic "displaced" Northumbrian English. It never did that. It displaced Pictish and Norn, and was itself later displaced by English.
@@robokill387 "those Irish settlers had lived there for longer than the Northumbrian English"
We don't actually have any evidence of when different cultural groups started showing up in the area due to the lack of contemporary sources. All we really know for sure is that Ulster Scots, Cumbrians, Picts, and the Anglo Saxons of Northumbria were in those areas as early as the 6th century. But I do agree that there's some weird bias happening with watcher's post.
"What's definitely not true is your assertion that gaelic "displaced" Northumbrian English"
Semi-true. Anglo-Saxon wasn't really spoken in the area, the southern regions spoke either Cumbric or Galwegian Gaelic (which was mostly isolated to Galloway and Carrick), with Pictish being the majority language and Scots Gaelic being isolated to Dal Riata (later Innse Gall) until about the 9th century when Gaelic started to supplant the other language groups after the Scots usurped the Pictish throne.
"It displaced Pictish and Norn"
Pictish, yes. Norn, no. In fact the widespread promotion of Scots Gaelic by the Scottish Government is met with some hostility by the Northern Isles due to the fact that the Gaelic was _never_ spoken in that area as it had been mostly supplanted by Scots by the time that Norway ceded Orkney and Shetland to Scotland as a dowry payment (in fact, unlike the rest of the "indigenous" Scottish languages, Norn was still spoken as late as the 19th century).
That was really a great episode.