We like to pin clarifications at the top of our videos. We've learned there are differences about how one defines the term 'centromere' and some more updated versions of textbooks are using a more detailed definition of molecular sequences making up the centromere - which means that when you have a chromosome with replicated chromatids - you could consider it to have two centromeres (one per sister chromatid) bound together in a region. Many textbooks still refer to a single centromere on a chromosome with two fully attached sister chromatids - as they are considering the complex where the centromeres are attached - and then they show fully separated sister chromatids with their own centromere. While we have done this as well by illustrating one centromere per eukaryotic chromosome, we think it is important to understand this complex is where they are joined with cohesin in the case of sister chromatids - as well as also understanding how the definition of centromere has changed. You can see a conversation about this here: twitter.com/AmoebaSisters/status/1192621868605419520 It would have been better for us to have said "centromere region" - and again, when sister chromatids are attached at the centromere region, it is still counted as one chromosome. If we update this video, we'll probably feature this information about the centromere and we'd like to improve our drawing to show the bound centromeres.
I don't think you understand how useful this video was, no teacher or book has ever told me that you would count chromosomes from the centromere and i was stuck for so long trying to understand the diagram in the book
Just letting you know, my biology teacher shows us your videos in class daily. They really have helped explained all this to the students in our class. Keep it up.
"S phase:amount of DNA per cell doubles, but no increase in number of chromosomes " this is the line which was so confusing and we used to break our heads over it. Finally understood this only after watching your video. Helps a lot! Thanks, it was just amazing!!!
Where can I sign up to attend Amoeba Sisters University in person?!?!? You guys are literally LIFE CHANGING!! Regardless of how professors present this information... nobody thinks to explain that ONE chromosome can have ONE chromatid or TWO chromatids. This basic piece of information clarified the main source of my confusion from every genetics lecture I've listened to. Soooooo thankful and appreciative for you guys! Also, your website and resources are beautiful!
THANK YOU SO MUCH -- I FINALLY GET IT It took me 8 videos to find out the numbers. The charts you did at 3:44 and 4:30 are the MOST helpful numerations I have seen thus far. Thank you thankyou thankyou !!!!!
I managed to graduate from college without understanding this. Now I'm studying for the MCAT and this just made everything make soooo much sense. Thank you!
This is literally how I have been feeling over the past few weeks of studying for the MCAT. How did I make it through college and grad with a 3.84/4 without understanding this!
THANK GOD for this video and for clearing up the definition of a chromosome/chromatid and explaining meiosis as chromatid going from 92 to 46 to 23. This makes so much more sense than the classic textbook explanation of 2n -> n -> n !!
This video and the one on Meiosis have helped me so much in my college Biology class. Sometimes it's so wordy in college and you need something simple to explain. Your illustrations are so great Petunia!
I went through high school honors biology and college biology BEFORE I ever realized that ONE CHROMATID is a chromosome AND TWO "joined" CHROMATIDS are ALSO a chromosome. No teacher ANYWHERE explained that simple concept. Once I realized that, I understood the whole concept of meiosis and mitosis (not just memorization for a test). 1:33 - would have saved me alot of time and energy 30 years ago! Thank you very much!
Thank you so so so much !!!! I was breaking my head over this for 3 years long , came across 4 different teachers and no one ever explained me this !!!! Thank you so much amoeba sisters . You are making free and valuable videos for all students education and making learning in a fun way too . Lots of Thanks from India 👍👍
How ironic is it that I am just reviewing this for physiology and I understood the mitosis and meiosis process but I never understood how it got from 46 to 92 to 46 in each cell in mitosis. Lol
It begins by 46 chromosomes but double structured( since it has been replicated in interphase) then when it gets in anaphase the chromosomes are split from the centromere so it becomes 46 single structured chromosomes and the chromatid count will also be 46 The confusion of the 92 chromosomes is because the chromosomes have split but the cell hasnt yet. So when the cytoplasm splits it becomes 2 cells have 46single structured chromosomes but prior to that as in anaphase 46 single structured chromosomes in each pole in the same cell
I have an entrance exam for college this week. This is the most comprehensive and creative expanation of meiosis on all videos that i watched in youtube! Thank you so much
I'm a senior in college with a biology major and I'm JUST NOW learning that there are 92 chromatids and you count chromosomes by the centromeres. Thank you so much for this!
I LOVE these videos for my 7th Grader. He is understanding this so much better by watching your videos and then re-reading his book. Thank you for making these!
I have never wrote a comment like this for any educational video ever in my life but this one really helped me cause I was sick and tired for searching about the differences between chromosomes and chromatids and their numbers Thank you very much
I love this video , thank you very much ,if this video wasn’t on youtube i don’t think that any video could’ve explain it the way you did and I couldn’t have been able to understand the whole thing
I have searched dozens of videos from a variety of experts from universities all over, but have not had any success understanding the processes of both meiosis and mitosis until I saw and studied your videos. Absolutely brilliant in its purpose of redefining complex processes and terms; thank you so much!! I will definitely spread the word about your amazing work.
this is the best video ever, like no joke it cleared up the loophole and cleared up everything, and this isnt even mentioned in any book or even on the inter
Thank you so much for this! I am helping my son with his 7th grade science homework. We are both visual learners. Your illustrations and wording makes it so easy to process information. We were both diagnosed with ADHD. Reading words from a page can be challenging when it comes to understanding science. You are a life safer!
I am watching many videos for my general biology class, and I just want you to know that the Amoeba Sisters is my favorite. Thank you for the content! I promise to stay curious!!
This is so far the best video on cell division so far.. nobody ever explained that way to count chromosomes...it literally cleared every doubt I had... that u soooo much
Thank god i found this.... this concept was bugging me from 11th class... and now i finally understand this... 😇😇😇 Thanks a LoT amoeba sister Now you are my sister Too... 😛 😆
+Amoeba Sisters I did. I got an A+, thanks to you. Your work is amazing and great and you cant understand how much i appreciate all your hard work just to help others out. Thank you so much.
these videos are so helpful.i broke my head for three days to understand mitosis and meosis .these videos are just magic!it is up in my head already and i dont think ill forget it ever again! thank u soo much!
Oh my gosh thank you so much!! This literally cleared away the one doubt i had left, this was so helpful. Stay awesome!! As for your pinned message, to avoid confusion this is what our textbook basically says: Spindle fibres are attached to the _kinetochores_ of chromosomes And kinetochore is a small disc shaped structure at the surfacr of centromeres So even if there are two centromerea for two sister chromatids, we can still count the amount of kinetochores!!!
This detail (that chromosomes are counted as chromosomes even with only one chromatid) is sooo important, but is not really explained anywhere. Thank you for this video!!!
...somehow made it all the way to medical school without ever understanding this. Now being forced to relearn congenital diseases like DiGeorge and had to make my way back this overlooked topic as well. Thank you.
Thank you so much. I was literally tormenting myself with trying to understand the whole chromosome thing and this single 5-minute video solved my weeks of anxiety. May the science god bless you.
Thank you so much for simplifying this topic, not even my uni's bio department head was able to simplify this concept for us. And now the MCAT books were doing no better. So thank you guys!
Really really appreciate it. The very idea of numbers of chromosomes during cell division has bugged me for a long time. And this is the only video i found that helped me understand it completely. I really appreciate it. I would surely suggest this to anyone who wants to understand the topic. Keep making such videos 👍👍👍
All these people that commented 4-6 years ago about how helpful this was are now adults, life keeps moving Before you know it your an adult with responsibilities i wish everyone in this comment section to live a long successful life
I don't know this before. I search about this from many books and videos... this is the only video explained about this well... thank you very much teacher❤
my teacher always says my honors class should be able to understand these concepts, and she showed us the not updated meiosis video... that didn't talk about the funky reduction division... and expects us to understand perfectly. Amoeba sisters, you rock!!
i think this is my first comment on TH-cam , but you deserve it cuz you are the best bio teacher ever😍 , after your videos i feel like i can teach how the cell division to anyone who need💕 thank you
![The Cell Cycle (and cancer) [Updated]](/img/n.gif)
We like to pin clarifications at the top of our videos. We've learned there are differences about how one defines the term 'centromere' and some more updated versions of textbooks are using a more detailed definition of molecular sequences making up the centromere - which means that when you have a chromosome with replicated chromatids - you could consider it to have two centromeres (one per sister chromatid) bound together in a region. Many textbooks still refer to a single centromere on a chromosome with two fully attached sister chromatids - as they are considering the complex where the centromeres are attached - and then they show fully separated sister chromatids with their own centromere. While we have done this as well by illustrating one centromere per eukaryotic chromosome, we think it is important to understand this complex is where they are joined with cohesin in the case of sister chromatids - as well as also understanding how the definition of centromere has changed. You can see a conversation about this here: twitter.com/AmoebaSisters/status/1192621868605419520 It would have been better for us to have said "centromere region" - and again, when sister chromatids are attached at the centromere region, it is still counted as one chromosome. If we update this video, we'll probably feature this information about the centromere and we'd like to improve our drawing to show the bound centromeres.
Amoeba Sisters I just wanted to say, I love your videos! They’re so helpful!
Okay thanks! I did very well on meiosis and I got a 90 on it! All thanks to you that I got it!
Thanks for clarifying
Thank you so much sisters.
This was so helpful
I hate this vid =-=
I don't think you understand how useful this video was, no teacher or book has ever told me that you would count chromosomes from the centromere and i was stuck for so long trying to understand the diagram in the book
THIS was EXACTLY my problem too!!! are they doing that on porpouse, hiding info that is useful for understanding biology??
SAME PINCH
I AM DOING THIS CHAPTER FOR SO MANY HOURS AND NOW I GET IT😅😅 ALL THANKS TO THE AMOEBA SISTERS
Yeah man, same here
Same :)
I know, it's ridiculous! Some people can be geniuses in their subject but complete idiots when it comes to teaching it!
Just letting you know, my biology teacher shows us your videos in class daily. They really have helped explained all this to the students in our class. Keep it up.
+beastorc55 Yay, we are so happy to hear that---thank you!! :D
I wish my bio teacher used these. I am pretty sure the whole class would get it and stop falling asleep during lectures...
beastorc55 same here.
Yess couldnt agree more keep up the GREAT work:) #BFFs
and after all these years, our teacher found out and started using them too :)
You guys are helping even AP Bio students 😂. Honestly it seems funny how An animated cartoon of DNA is better than a APBIO textbook 😂
I swear!!! Even college students!!! 😖😅
ik right this channel needs a TON i mean TON of attention.
M in med school lol
me in 3rd year uni genetics lol
me watching amoeba sisters to study for my bio honors exam
Best amoeba teacher of the year award goes to the Amoeba sisters.
"S phase:amount of DNA per cell doubles, but no increase in number of chromosomes " this is the line which was so confusing and we used to break our heads over it. Finally understood this only after watching your video. Helps a lot! Thanks, it was just amazing!!!
Where can I sign up to attend Amoeba Sisters University in person?!?!? You guys are literally LIFE CHANGING!! Regardless of how professors present this information... nobody thinks to explain that ONE chromosome can have ONE chromatid or TWO chromatids. This basic piece of information clarified the main source of my confusion from every genetics lecture I've listened to. Soooooo thankful and appreciative for you guys! Also, your website and resources are beautiful!
THANK YOU SO MUCH -- I FINALLY GET IT
It took me 8 videos to find out the numbers.
The charts you did at 3:44 and 4:30 are the MOST helpful numerations I have seen thus far.
Thank you thankyou thankyou !!!!!
Yup
Bro the 4:30 chart made EVERYTHING make sense
I managed to graduate from college without understanding this. Now I'm studying for the MCAT and this just made everything make soooo much sense. Thank you!
It’s been a year. How’d the MCAT go? Curious to see what you majored in.
@@hanniadimas8664 SAME lol
How’d it go?!
This is literally how I have been feeling over the past few weeks of studying for the MCAT. How did I make it through college and grad with a 3.84/4 without understanding this!
haha. my NMDACT test is 2 months from now and same is the case with me .
THANK GOD for this video and for clearing up the definition of a chromosome/chromatid and explaining meiosis as chromatid going from 92 to 46 to 23. This makes so much more sense than the classic textbook explanation of 2n -> n -> n !!
This video and the one on Meiosis have helped me so much in my college Biology class. Sometimes it's so wordy in college and you need something simple to explain. Your illustrations are so great Petunia!
I went through high school honors biology and college biology BEFORE I ever realized that ONE CHROMATID is a chromosome AND TWO "joined" CHROMATIDS are ALSO a chromosome. No teacher ANYWHERE explained that simple concept. Once I realized that, I understood the whole concept of meiosis and mitosis (not just memorization for a test).
1:33 - would have saved me alot of time and energy 30 years ago!
Thank you very much!
Thank you so so so much !!!! I was breaking my head over this for 3 years long , came across 4 different teachers and no one ever explained me this !!!! Thank you so much amoeba sisters . You are making free and valuable videos for all students education and making learning in a fun way too . Lots of Thanks from India 👍👍
Thank you so much. I have an exam in 2 days and you saved me!
Same here,got one tomorrow.
praise melchizedek I have mine tomorrow
mine is tomorrow 😢😹
my ap exam is in 3 days
im finna get a 1 😜
I’m learning this in Biology and I understand and learn more in a few min from watching your vids then an hour a day listening to my teacher talk
How ironic is it that I am just reviewing this for physiology and I understood the mitosis and meiosis process but I never understood how it got from 46 to 92 to 46 in each cell in mitosis. Lol
Same
+hellokitty78ify Its pretty simple. Theres 46, then they duplicate, then the cell splits and back to 46. Simple. Thanks +amoeba sisters
Me too
Hahaha. Relateable.
It begins by 46 chromosomes but double structured( since it has been replicated in interphase) then when it gets in anaphase the chromosomes are split from the centromere so it becomes 46 single structured chromosomes and the chromatid count will also be 46
The confusion of the 92 chromosomes is because the chromosomes have split but the cell hasnt yet. So when the cytoplasm splits it becomes 2 cells have 46single structured chromosomes but prior to that as in anaphase 46 single structured chromosomes in each pole in the same cell
I have an entrance exam for college this week. This is the most comprehensive and creative expanation of meiosis on all videos that i watched in youtube! Thank you so much
WORDS CANNOT EXPRESS HOW MUCH GLAD I AM THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE LIKE YOU BETTER THAN MY BIOLOGY TEACHER THANK YOU SO MUCH AMOBEA SISTERS
I am a teacher and I still get muddled up by this! Perfect video to show my A-level class. THANK YOU.
U're a freaking genious teacher. I could never get how this numbering goes and now it just made sence. Thank you!
I'm a senior in college with a biology major and I'm JUST NOW learning that there are 92 chromatids and you count chromosomes by the centromeres. Thank you so much for this!
this 6 mins video solved my 6 year old doubt regarding mitosis and meiosis. Love you
My teacher never demystified this! I appreciate you because it clarified an year old query thats still not solved by our teacher
I am in an upper level genetics course in my undergraduate program, and this is more helpful than any textbook I've ever read.
This channel is literally saving my life one video at a time
im taking biology now in high school and you guys have been saving my science grades since 6th grade ❤
You don't know how much your channel is useful to me! I am in love with this channel
no one has ever explained it like this for me, thank you so much you're a lifesaver.
As a NEET Aspirant, loved this video It cleared all my doubts 💯
This is the first time I fully understood the counting, thanks!
This is so much more easy to understand than my notes. You students must be doing very well in your science class! Keep up the good work!
I LOVE these videos for my 7th Grader. He is understanding this so much better by watching your videos and then re-reading his book. Thank you for making these!
Why didn't i think of searching on youtube earlier 🤦♂️. Thank you very usefull
I have never wrote a comment like this for any educational video ever in my life but this one really helped me cause I was sick and tired for searching about the differences between chromosomes and chromatids and their numbers
Thank you very much
You saved me from crying my grades away because I don't understand a single thing in cell division. thank you very much!!!
As I am self teaching my self on cellular biology as I am studying for my TEAS test, this video cleared up all of my confusion, thank you so much!
I love this video , thank you very much ,if this video wasn’t on youtube i don’t think that any video could’ve explain it the way you did and I couldn’t have been able to understand the whole thing
I have searched dozens of videos from a variety of experts from universities all over, but have not had any success understanding the processes of both meiosis and mitosis until I saw and studied your videos. Absolutely brilliant in its purpose of redefining complex processes and terms; thank you so much!! I will definitely spread the word about your amazing work.
this is the best video ever, like no joke it cleared up the loophole and cleared up everything, and this isnt even mentioned in any book or even on the inter
YAS QUEENT. IM LIVING FOR THESE SCIENCE VIDEOS.
Thank you so much for this! I am helping my son with his 7th grade science homework. We are both visual learners. Your illustrations and wording makes it so easy to process information. We were both diagnosed with ADHD. Reading words from a page can be challenging when it comes to understanding science. You are a life safer!
I am watching many videos for my general biology class, and I just want you to know that the Amoeba Sisters is my favorite. Thank you for the content! I promise to stay curious!!
me too @Hatch Wayne
Yessss now I get it!!! I'm freaking crying😭 thank you so much
This is so far the best video on cell division so far.. nobody ever explained that way to count chromosomes...it literally cleared every doubt I had... that u soooo much
My teacher shows us your videos during class and it helps us learn about science a lot better. Thank you!!!
I've been struggling for 2 years to understand this, but that chart really did something for me.
This is one of the only few videos that was helpful to me in my entire life.
Thank god i found this.... this concept was bugging me from 11th class... and now i finally understand this... 😇😇😇
Thanks a LoT amoeba sister Now you are my sister Too... 😛 😆
I love your channel. i have a biology test tomorrow and your video helped a lot. You're a life saver.
+Artoftalent07 Awesome---hope you aced that test! :D
+Amoeba Sisters I did. I got an A+, thanks to you. Your work is amazing and great and you cant understand how much i appreciate all your hard work just to help others out. Thank you so much.
what my teacher couldnt do in 4 hours, you did in 5 minutes............... YOU DA REAL MVP!
these videos are so helpful.i broke my head for three days to understand mitosis and meosis .these videos are just magic!it is up in my head already and i dont think ill forget it ever again! thank u soo much!
Good job Amoeba Sisters! 3/4 of 100K subs, top of the internet!
This has saved my life, wayyyyyy easier to understand!!!
Oh my gosh thank you so much!! This literally cleared away the one doubt i had left, this was so helpful. Stay awesome!!
As for your pinned message, to avoid confusion this is what our textbook basically says:
Spindle fibres are attached to the _kinetochores_ of chromosomes
And kinetochore is a small disc shaped structure at the surfacr of centromeres
So even if there are two centromerea for two sister chromatids, we can still count the amount of kinetochores!!!
oh god!! link to this video should be included in every single genetics book!!!!!!! thank you.
God bless the day you started doing this videos, you have no idea of how helpful they are to solve my biology assignments
I'm a midwifery student and your videos have helped me so much!
These videos are so incredibly helpful. My microbiology professor used them consistently, and I use them on my own time as well. Thank you so much!
This detail (that chromosomes are counted as chromosomes even with only one chromatid) is sooo important, but is not really explained anywhere. Thank you for this video!!!
AHHHH THIS MAKES BIOLOGY SO MUCH BETTER!
I couldn't score well and was struggling a lot with this topic ! idk how to thank you!! YOU'VE DONE A WONDERFUL JOB AND THANK YOU SO MUCH
This video is so useful. You explained it better than any teacher or book.You saved my grade and thank you!
I can not express how well you make me understand everything! I feel lost in my bio class but thank to you I understand EVERYTHING!
using all your videos as a reviewer for my exam. you make stuff easier to understand
Your video can burst anyone's doubt ❤
Thanku so much for this clear cut explanation❤
Thank you so much amoeba sisters!! I'm passing bio because of you
Science information doesn't stay in my brain at all. These videos really help it stick! Thanks!
After reading 2 years now i am capable of understanding this topic.
Thanks a lot!!!
Keep doing
This is the best way of teaching and explaining I have ever been tought
I AM SO THANKFUL FOR THIS SO MANY OF MY DOUBTS HAVE BEEN CLEARED YOURE THE BEST
This video is so amazing, i really spent 2 hours struggling to understand the numbers, you explained it so easily great work 🎉
...somehow made it all the way to medical school without ever understanding this. Now being forced to relearn congenital diseases like DiGeorge and had to make my way back this overlooked topic as well. Thank you.
No word ....make more video like this...my 10years of confusion is now solve because of u❤❤❤❤
You guys are literally my teacher. That god for TH-cam!
Thank you from Cairo, it was informative and i will follow your channel to help my son studying biology.
You explained it in a very simple and succinct way for easy understanding.Thank you so much!!!
I used to think you were for little kids but these videos are actually really helpful.
Best explanation on the videos of mitosis and meiosis
Thank you so much. I was literally tormenting myself with trying to understand the whole chromosome thing and this single 5-minute video solved my weeks of anxiety. May the science god bless you.
Thank you so much for simplifying this topic, not even my uni's bio department head was able to simplify this concept for us. And now the MCAT books were doing no better. So thank you guys!
I love u amoeba. ...I refered more than 3 books and 8 videos but no one explained clearly with numbers ..... Thanks a lot.....
My science teacher shows us your videos all the time and it makes it so easy to understand concepts
Really really appreciate it. The very idea of numbers of chromosomes during cell division has bugged me for a long time. And this is the only video i found that helped me understand it completely. I really appreciate it. I would surely suggest this to anyone who wants to understand the topic.
Keep making such videos 👍👍👍
The number of chromosomes during meiosis really confused me, at first. Your visual helped me a lot, thank you!
Watched this on January 5th 2020. I think you did a better job than my genetic professor.
Thank you.
All these people that commented 4-6 years ago about how helpful this was are now adults, life keeps moving
Before you know it your an adult with responsibilities
i wish everyone in this comment section to live a long successful life
Hello can i ask a question?a mosquito has 3 pairs of chromosomes.in meiosis 1,how many homologous chromosomes are there in the prophase 1?
I don't know this before. I search about this from many books and videos... this is the only video explained about this well... thank you very much teacher❤
THANK YOU. Untill now, I didn't even know how much confused I was with those names. You made it clear for me and I am increadibly grateful for it
This video LITERALLY (ok, not so literally) saved my life😍
Couldn’t understand so perfectly by any of the videos ,thankyouuu
I love your videos, and finally, I understand mitosis and meiosis, you are my heroes.
51 people hate ur videos but I simply adore them [I watch ur videos every day
I keep coming back here to refresh my biology. Thank you so much for having my back! Keep creating such amazing content! :-)
oh did anyone notice the graphics got better? I have a test tomorrow and I'm definitely gonna pass it because of you Amoeba Sisters!!
i got confused on DNA for about 2month this video helped me THANKS , keep it up
my teacher always says my honors class should be able to understand these concepts, and she showed us the not updated meiosis video... that didn't talk about the funky reduction division... and expects us to understand perfectly. Amoeba sisters, you rock!!
i think this is my first comment on TH-cam , but you deserve it cuz you are the best bio teacher ever😍 , after your videos i feel like i can teach how the cell division to anyone who need💕 thank you
I looooveeee youuu Amoeba Sisters! I'm studying for my biology exam, your videos clarify everything perfect! Thank you.
The explanation in this video are way more understandable than to my 3hrs genetics class.
Thank you!
i was very confused with the number of chromosomes until i watched this video!