Advancing Airline Single-Pilot Concept | James Green | TEDxUVU
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 ก.ค. 2015
- Technology and aviation
Former Naval Officer, Retired Airline Pilot, United Nations Lobbyist, Businessman and a University Professor, Captain Jim Green, Graduated #1 in US Naval Aviation Officer Candidate School class, and served as Regimental Commander. Spent 7 years as a Naval Officer, and Aircraft Carrier Jet Attack Pilot. Captain Green flew as a pilot for Continental/United Airlines for 26 years, and helped take our company from "worst to first" through direct involvement in operations and management procedure improvements.
Presently teach as a full-time Tenured Associate Professor in the School of Aviation Sciences at Utah Valley University and also serve as the Department Chairman. Captain Green is a frequent author/contributor to numerous publications--- speaking out on political, societal, and economic issues of the day.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at ted.com/tedx
As I pilot flying for an airline I am strongly against this. Let me tell you why.
Pilots are in the cockpit to manage a flight from A to B safely. But more importantly they are there in the event of a non normal situation. Make technology as advanced if you like, it can still fail.
What if there is a failure which requires human judgement? Only a human can make the call. I hear you say a computer can run a checklist. What if that computer fails? You will need a human being for assesments that computers are not capable of.
You have said it yourself, we still need a pilot to make judgement calls. Yes humans make errors and fail too, in fact a lot more than computers. That is another reason why you need two, they correct each other, comfort each other and keep each other sharp. A dispatcher who helps the pilot? Great, but he is not there with the pilot, he can't make the same judgement as a pilot sitting in that seat. This brings me to psychological factors. Imagine a single pilot in the cockpit, doing a long flight into the dark, no one to talk to for hours except with the cabin crew who checks up on him every 30 minutes or so. What do you think this does to him psychologically? Don't you want the pilot to be happy in his job, to not be overloaded and think about the increased responsability he now has to carry as he is the only one in the aircraft with final responsability? Think about the stress this single person has to endure. Crew resource management, teamwork and a good working environment in the flightdeck make a pilot do his/her job well. I think it is a bad trend going on right now and I hope, not only for the sake of my job, but for the safety of flying that manufacturers and regulators rethink this approach before this becomes the new standard.
Totally agree with you on this Lloyd van den Bor.
Over 250,000 medical error deaths happen in the United States alone. Should we automate doctors as well? TBH we are long ways from any kind of AI.
We barely know how our brain works.
100 % agree with you... hope this terrible trend vanishes soon..not only highly sofisticated modern airliners must be flown with 2 people seating in the cockpit, but every airplane..! From my point of view.. There's too much to deal with up there to stand alone.. (Adverse WX conditions, ATC, complex approaches) Solo flying involves risks that we accept as pilots, but nowadays when i look back to the flight school days i realize that anything could've happened... There's always a possibility of becoming incapacitated.. two better than one always...!
As a Boeing 737 training captain I'm outright saying this is ludicrous concept. I assume the "Single Pilot." Gains all of his experience in a sim before taking to the skies on his own? If the public want to know the truth about something ask an expert and wire him up to a lie detector. The idea of single pilot airliners would end right there..
Most single pilots really enjoy a second guy in the cockpit. Even in a single engine Cessna, which is designed to have a single pilot(and most students fly as a single pilot at one point in their life), it helps save workload and it makes it less stressful. Ask any of those pilots that fly the Phenoms or the Cape Air pilots whether they would want a second guy in the cockpit, and I can guarantee they would want a copilot unless they are really anti-social. The single pilot move would be an airline move to save money at the anger of everyone else. It would also lead to a lot of complacency, and issues like fatigue and stress management would need to be studied even more.
If you a pilot I’m pretty sure you have more than one story about how your automatic goes wrong and you handled the situation. Sometimes you have bugs in FMC, sometimes autothrottle goes wrong and in most cases it takes just one second to correct situation. There is no statistics and that’s the problem. You could look up how many bulletins constructors have sent for the last few years.
Also the second flight crew reduces workload enormously. And as you all know the accidents happen as consequence of many things
yeah and how do the soon to be single pilots get experience without getting hours as a copilot?
well to be honest once you have the type rating certificate and have logged about 500 pilot in command hours under supervision the pilot flying should be more than qualified to handle the aircraft.
@@planewire2153 Why do you think 500 hours are enough - while now the requirement is 3000?
@drey Exactly! Also, what if the experienced captain has a heart attack or becomes too sick to fly?!
@@shantalba2385
Then the “super-dispatcher” takes over.
Personally I think there should always be at least 2 pilots, that way if something goes wrong (computers or otherwise, which as someone who works in repairing computers I can tell you computer and technology fail A LOT. Like, a ridiculous amount) they can put their heads together.
Avionics can all fail, but yet they got rid of the navigator. Engines can fail too, but they still got rid of the flight engineer. With more efficient designs, it is possible to have a single pilot transport category airplane. There is nothing intrinsic in the cockpit that requires four hands, four legs and two heads.
Andrew Sarangan well yes, what if you have a runway trim
One pilot needs to operate the trim and keep it from moving manually the other needs to operate the radios and fly the plane.
Also, the flight engineer and radio operator provided information to the pilots flying. Now the information is given directly to them. No need to risk information getting lost in transmission. When it’s sent directly on compact screens ahead of them.
I read that NASA conducted a study in 2015 and they found it was too much workload. For the pilot flying and communication wasn’t great between both pilots and copilots sometimes. They were very supposed to try the study again in 2018 but I don’t think they got the funding for it. Also it was supposed to be for Cargo aircraft
We have to remember that people cannot be hacked and cannot glitch...
Is that a SCAB wearing an ALPA lanyard?
This makes my future job of flight instructor much more appealing. 1 pilot ops is a no go
Might it happen in the future?! Yeah... maybe... But why then the major concern in the Airlines nowadays is the lack of flying skills due to automation?! Humans fail?! Sure they do. But technology doesn't?! For sure it does too. How good would it be to be alone in a cockpit during a 9-hour night flight while crossing 5 time zones?! Would the pilot be able to make the best judgment call?! Don't think so...
"...to be implemented possibly within 4-5 years from now". Well, it's four years later and I see no "super dispatchers" or new commercial airliners being developed for single / non pilot ops.
Virtual Flight Training that proves this concept is still far off
I'm anticipating for exciting changes in the future.
Thanks
What happens when that single pilot becomes incapacitated by either bad food or a heart attack and there are 250 passengers in the back. You better hope there is a pilot in the back
Joe Barker
In the ground.
I’m not getting in an airliner with less than 2 pilots. I hate when money gets in the way of safety. Pilots used to work 500 h a year now it’s 900 h in Europe and that is tiring considering how stressful flying is these days. I would not trust a single pilot with an A320. ENOUGH SAID. Maybe develop electric planes to reduce costs of pilot training?
Flight engineers actually let the PIC focus more on flying the plane. Imagine that. :)
Many things said that are not true yet...
This is all very nice to be thought but when any malfuction occur and I would not want to be aboard a plane without a pilot or even in a sigle pilot aircraft...
Maybe we should only have one engine since they fail so rarely too. You burn half the fuel and save a lot of weight.
I have a better Idea! Let’s put passengers in the cockpit with a safety briefing card on “what buttons to push” in the case of an emergency. Airlines just a gained a trillion dollars. The analysts would be happy....
😂 lmao
Yeah the PIC has a heart attack and I'm just going to trust the fly by wire controls are going to be actuated properly from remote (ground/satellite), and that the airport we're going to is ILS cat II or cat III, and if they have an ILS Cat II or III approach, that it's usable due to winds.. and that we have enough fuel to divert to such an airport. no, just no.
This was well before the Lion Air and Ethiopian Airline 737 MAX crashes in 2018 and 2019, respectively. You want to try and tell me technology is safer without a pilot's input? No way!
I think this concept will be more appreciated these days . Airlines are suffering. It would take them years to cure
Start reading Plane accident reports you might change your mind.
Learjet is a two-pilot airplane...
This guy has no idea. Saying that a Boeing or Airbus jet can be flown single pilot because, as a passenger once, he saw a Cessna 410 being flown by one pilot? Is he aware of the level of complexity between a Cessna 410 and a Boeing/Airbus?? Saying that an EICAS or ECAM can perform an emergency checklist by itself also makes me think if he has ever seen one in action. Ask the crew of QF32 if the checklist "did itself".
What a pretentious a-hole, you are! "Is he aware of the level of complexity between a Cessna 410 and a Boeing/Airbus??" WTF do you think? I flew F-16's in the USAF and 767's for a major scheduled carrier. I met Jim Green when he was on the faculty of UTU and he is as sharp as they come. One of the sharpest--a former carrier attack pilot--who not only knows the difference between a 410 and a 320, but who can give you a masterclass on the differences between an F-18 and a Tomcat. The only guy on this thread who is utterly clueless is the one who idiotically claimed Jim Greene is clueless.
I don't care how many carrier landings you or the speaker have in an F-whatever, I have zero interest in military aviation and this video is about civilian commercial airlines.
Also thanks for calling me an "a-hole" and "clueless" but conveniently not answering my legitimate questions.
Consider:
1. How could an automated system have dealt with the over 50 emergency checklists that were generated simultaneously on that A380 in Singapore, some of which if followed exactly would have a put the aircraft in an unrecoverable state? It took 5 pilots with over 70000hrs combined experience to make the critical and complex decisions on that flight?
2. How would an automated system have dealt with the Boeing 777 that had a dual engine flameout into Heathrow airport? It took one pilot to fly the aircraft at the stickshaker limit and the other pilot to use intuition and judgement to raise the flaps one stage, a technique that was in no manual, to allow the aircraft to clear the airport perimeter fence?
3. How would an automated system have dealt with the China Eastern A320 that managed to avoid colliding with another airliner on a runway in Shanghai by making a visual judgement call, firewalling the thrust levers and rotating early? It took a skilled pilot making the control inputs and a support pilot calling for the rotation at the exact moment
4. How could an automated system have dealt with the onboard fire on a Canadian DC-9? It took one pilot to fly the aircraft with great force after the fire burnt through the elevator trim cables, and the other to find an alternate, manage a descent and approach to a diversion airport in less than 20 minutes
5. How would an automated system deal with a British 747 that ingested volcanic ash that had melted the engine blades with hot sulphur? It took the skill of a full crew to manage a gliding powerless aircraft and restart the engines?
6. How would an automated system have dealt with an A330 from Hong Kong that was loaded with contaminated fuel that caused one engine to fail whereas the other went to maximum thrust? It took two pilots to manage and navigate the aircraft whilst throwing out every drag device on the plane to get it to come to a stop on runway after landing 100kts fast
As well how can you say the speaker is able to give a "masterclass" in a Cessna 410 if he thinks the "bad sometimes" weather he has seen it fly into is comparable to a Boeing/Airbus jet, when the max crosswind limit of a C410 is around 15kts and for a jet it's around 40kts, and a Cessna is limited to CAT I ILS whereas a Boeing/Airbus can do CAT IIIA Manually flown approaches?
Looking forward to your answers
Too bad he crossed the picket line.
However experienced Jim Green may be, the reasoning for his theories are flawed despite his lecture being on a very generic, and easily researched topic of aerospace. In a subject of which he makes no attempt to prove he has any experience in. Maybe he should have talked about the difference between a F18 and F14!
The examples of cockpit distractions and pilot errors are poorly developed, his example knowledge of ECAM systems are flawed, his knowledge of the B777 is inaccurate.
I wasn't surprised to see he's a UVU lecturer at a UVU event.
The poor quality content delivered at TEDx events is a growing concern to the platform as a whole.
Have you ever done flight sim? I don’t mean like the default stuff, I’m taking the PMDG 737 or the FSlabs(don’t get it it’s a scam) a320, where the panels and programming are basically the same as the real thing. I can easily start an airbus or a Boeing from cold and dark on my own no problem, with realistic atc, procedures, and no help from a flight dispatch office. It’s entirely possible, that’s not the question, it’s whether it should be done that’s the problem. Having a second man in the cockpit helps check redundancy, it makes it so hundreds of lives aren’t resting on one guy or a computers decision making. It relieves the stress on a pilot, and makes sure they don’t go crazy. Think of a single pilot on a 6 hour flight, he would most certainly get bored after enough time and any mistakes he makes will be very noticeable since there’s no one to check him right there. It’s not a good idea IMO.
its certainly an interesting concept, but i think the whole industry would have to change to accomadote, theres still many to think about in the cockpit and a lot to manage, two heads also think better than one even if one can think well enough, and if the systems fail? Arent we relying to much on automation already? A very interesting concept indeed
1983
graduated #1 from AOCS :>.... If some intern wrote this, ok. But if this is from Jim, complete tool....
Much of his "technical" presentation is incorrect. But, a scab wouldn't have any pride to protect anyway.
Autoland capable. True, but there are limits. Limits which a pilot can land in. This is all to save a few dollars. It is majorly flawed. Pilotless flight, which is also getting talked about is way far away. One of the many,many,many problems with pilotless airplanes is LAW SUITS. No more pilot to blame it on. Companies will get hammered.
The only reason for reducing flight crew is to save money, right? I'd rather pay more for a ticket. If saving money is the goal, instead of removing the supposedly "dead wood" from the co-pilot's seat, the "dead wood" could be doing some sort of computer work for the airline while on the flight.
And if they ever decide to remove this "dead wood" from the cockpit, how would a pilot flying as a passenger gain access to the cockpit if the single pilot became incapacitated?
And regarding removing all humans from the cockpit...when a computer can do what Sully did, then come talk to me...until then I want humans in the cockpit.
Wrong. There is no Learjet that can legally be flown with a single pilot.
true! The Phenom 100 can be flown single pilot, although I can't think of a single operator that does that. All the ones I know have multicrew. For good reason! So many points where that guy left out finer details that would render his conclusions moot.
No, he's not wrong. The Bombardier Learjet 70 achieved FAA certification in 2013 and
in its most popular configuration, the "70" has a two-person cockpit crew but is certified for single-pilot operation.
John Carpenter please show proof of this. I use to fly the Lear 40, which is the same type rating as the Lear 70. except for the first Lear23, Learjet aircraft are type certified under FAR part 25 transport category requiring 2 pilots.
TarikMerryface Learjet....
It’s 2020 and Airbus and Boeing’s next planes are supposed to have 2 pilots.... still waiting
9:25
Your full of it. We already have two synthetic crew members basically with the flight director and FADEC. Those systems require monitoring on top of all the flying. In my Father’s Day, it took 4 people to fly. Everything from temperature, humidity, all the way to the specific gravity of the fuel used, load, and much more we’re all factors in operating the engine. They crossed the Atlantic navigating by the stars at times.
Since this video was made, the FAA has determined that we would have lost 3 aircraft under single pilot operation, and potentially up to 17.
This guy reminds me of the @sshat pilot Boeing paid to push through the MAX. An aircraft that cost 100’s of people their lives. Just throw money at a malleable yes man CA, and he will lul the right people in to going along with it.
Seirra Nevada dream chaser. Wow, one takeoff and one landing. Wow. Nothing compared to thousands of To and landings in major hubs. Add in ice snow, thunderstorms,Inop equipment etc. This isn't happening in his lifetime. It's sort of like manned mission to mars. Fun to fantasize about, but its not happening. We will all see.
They are training pilots for that too.... to transport passengers
i am 20 now and wish to be a pilot in next 2-3 years. shall i drop the idea of becoming a pilot?
With the actual pilot shortage, it's now the best time to get involved in a flight school 😊 before getting those planes SPO compliant. I think companies will need to train those future dispatcher, modify how they work, modify systems on their planes, this also has to be approved by companies insurances, IATA etc ...
Maybe the first SPO airliner will be on the market and certified in 5 or 10 years... but not before.
NOW IS TIME TO GET YOUR LICENSES ! 💪💪
SPO : SINGLE PILOT OPERATION
@@tristandubois2571 but if they are there in 10 years i might loose my job...nd suffer whole my life?
@@ayushgarg6069 No, no airline will be able to replace all their planes and not all manufacturers are even looking at SPO's. How would a pilot get sufficient experience to be PIC on a single pilot airplane? This concept is impossible and it would not be possible to implement this in the business as is. And btw, probably closer to 30 years+. No one has tried it yet, there are no computers developed for it, certification alone could take 10 years+. The FAA and EASA will not consider this safe enough to be flown by one pilot with questionable experience flying. Don't worry, become a pilot
@@Doggepe thanks a lot sir for boosting my confidence..🙏😊
This is a horrible idea😲human systems should have redundancy like their electronic counterparts😨
I agree. Was chatting with a young girl from Texas the other night and I asked her if she wanted to know a secret about what we really do in the cockpit...
I told her about ILS glideslope capture on the autopilot and how many of those really smooth descents you experience are so accurate because of ILS, and how the thing can practically land itself. She was all "Well why do we keep ya'll on the plane then?" So had to explain all that can and commonly does go wrong, and why we're there.. not to mention we're not ALWAYS on autopilot.
German wings
😱😱😱
wings have never broken off a commercial jetliner due to turbulence. A lot of this guy's comments seem purely speculative
So many flawed logics. I’m surprised these words are coming from someone like him. Must check his bank statement, probably has received millions from lobbyists to push this idea.
This will not happen period
Check the description and you see he is a lobbyist.... lol duh
Spewing lies to advance industry
Disagree 100 percent.
This guy depressed me 😰
It comes to great surprise (and disappointment) to see a fellow professional pilot pushing this sort of market-driven concept that having less pilots in the flight deck is somehow safer. If increasing safety is our top priority here, then perhaps a study on how many times prompt human intervention has saved the aircraft from potentially ending up in an UAS should also be considered. I can recall numerous times during which either myself, or my colleague, were able to spot an issue with automation and correct it before it could escalate.
Pushing this agenda of "less pilots + more automation= safer" sounds purely profit-driven, and has no safety benefit.
We all recognise the importance automation has in enhancing safety and reducing workload, but machines do malfunction from time to time and yes humans are prone to making mistakes but this is exactly where the two-pilot concept comes to the rescue. There is nothing safer than a set of two well-rested and highly trained pilots in the flight deck.
no learjet is single pilot -_-
This has long been the obvious next step to solving the global pilot shortage.
Sponsored by Boeing.
Firstly, who made u a pilot, and why are u putting other peoples jobs at risk. Already, there is a shortage of jobs for pilots. Very Narcissist Approach.
Really annoying the way he talks,.......
I'm sure that means a hell of a lot when he has to land at Princess Juliana Airport on a runway that is only 7148' long and he generally needs 7,500' to land safely. Yeah. Give me the guy who sounds like GEorge Clooney instead of the former Navy fighter pilot who had to survive night pitch-deck landings.
Hold on, I thought the technology is there for automated airliner ops? Why does a pilot need to be onboard to land at Princess Juliana Airport? Maybe because turbulence, windshear or storms can cause hazardous conditions which may take one pilot to assess and monitor and the other to control the aircraft's flight path in order to land safely? Or for such a short runway length it is advisable for one pilot to fly the touch down and the other to assess runway length remaining? Or for one of the thousands of things that can go wrong that the two human pilots can deal with?
And you don't need to have done carrier landings or be a former military pilot in order to fly a civilian airliner into Princess Juliana Airport. Copa, AF, KLM, TUI, Thomas Cook and XL Airways all regularly fly into Princess Juliana and the vast majority of their pilots are ab initio trained cadets.
The auto-land capability is only able to be used at "approved" categories of approaches and landings. So even though a plane is capable of an auto-land rather than autopilot only down to minimums, it doesn't mean that the particular runway you're landing on is allowed for auto-landing.
BS
This is a complete joke
Airplanes will soon fly themselves. This talk is redundant.
You are in a dream world. There will be absolutely ZERO aircraft flying passengers without human pilots in our lifetime. Zero.
You'e the one who is in a fantasy world unless your sixty or 70 years old. The technology is already there but just as humans are slow to trust any new radical technology it will take an estimated 30 years before the public has confidence in cockpits manned robotically or are guided in the same way as drones.
why does the AF keep crashing them then?. Doubt your timeline. So keep living in you dream world John
"There will never be a need for more than three computers worldwide." "640KB of memory is more than anybody will ever need." "A computer will never beat the world chess champion." You must be planning to die some time soon... It's better to be cautiously optimistic. Computing power doubles roughly every 18 months. Artificial Intelligence and Software development will hopefully start catching up, too. For some tasks, computers are much better suited than human brains.
John Karavitis Single pilot needs to come first before fully automated flight. While sngle pilot airplane is capable of fully automated flight, we need someone to serve as a backup to the machine. Pilot can be relieved of duty only when human intervention approches 0.