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Anytime I watch an incredibly detailed, clear, and concise science/engineering/history video on TH-cam for free, I realize just how blessed we truly are.
@@tonial5789 , well... someone did that math. And probably if you get back to that degree/masters... That monster will be there... Waiting for you... In the corners of eletromag 3...
Is it wierd to really like this level of explanation? I have known the principle before, but just really like to see this explanation. Wish I have had it when I studied about this...
Thank you! I drive a 2019 Toyota Prius Prime, and this video is the best explanation I've ever found on how the cars two motor/generators work. One thing the video didn't mention: there is a sensor on the rotor shaft of each of the Prius's motors, that continually and very precisely tracks the angle of the rotor around it's 360° circle. The signal from this sensor is fed to the motor control computer, which is controlling the bank of high-power MOSFET transistors in the inverter, that create the 3-phase alternating current that power the motor stator windings. As the video explains, there is an ideal phase-angle relationship between the magnetic fields in the rotor's permanent magnets, and the phase angle of the rotating magnetic fields being produced by the stator. The motor control computer continually adjusts and optimizes this phase angle, based on the signal from the rotor position sensor, and other sensors, plus the driver's demand for power given via the throttle pedal or cruise control setting. I assume that the Tesla, and other EV cars, have a similar sensor on the rotor.
I assume the other motors smear feces onto the rotor magnet to coax the wheel into turning out of sheer disgust. Note that the feces must be continually lubricated which indicates that piss or vomit could be used in addition
The genius behind this is mind-boggling imho and I´m saying that as a technician. I´m continually amazed by what intricate designs human beings can come up with.
@@jesscast5122 It is the way of the world these days, nothing comes for free. In addition, they are promoting their product. The problem is that they are educating countries such as China. They are quick to take but put nothing in, thus allowing them to steal technology at zero cost. This makes them the financial enemy of the entire western world,
This is obviously not a video for everyone....but those in the know appreciate it a lot. I have been working with Eddy currents since 1999. And in the future it seems I will keep working with them...
We've been utilizing permanent magnet rotors in motors in similar configurations for 100 years. Interesting that they are coming back around, while being tweaked for efficiency.
@@insanitysreign6195 Printing presses :) "History was made when Thomas Davenport of Vermont invented the first official battery-powered electric motor in 1834. This was the first electric motor that had enough power to perform a task and his invention was used to power a small-scale printing press."
Yup, old news. Hyundai has used this in their hybrids since 2010 and I'm sure others have before that. I guess this video is good to show how tesla changed the motor but they kinda make it sound like tesla invented it.
TH-cam engineering creators are more intelligent and knowledge than IIT professors. It's a fact. I've been to IIT to attend a few technical seminars. These professors know very little thing. They are stuck in 1970s technology. They know only the basics of new tech. Nothing of deep knowledge.
That's the kind of idiot comment that encourages requiring payment for everything going. If you strongly feel the need to pay for everything, do so quietly with a donation and keep your stupid mouth shut! My guess though is that you have zero intention of giving away money and are just posturing for likes with your comment.
@@TylerFoxtrotcan you elaborate more on how they are "worst" im aware of the carbon footprint ev's have when they are made but after 8 or 10 years the contamination goes down to about 8% so ,yes they polute more at the beginning but afterwards is a miracle for our world , i fully understand there are people still living under a rock and have ignorance on top of that , that they think ev's polute more than ice cars , remember this : ev's have their place as a daily driver car , and ice cars have their place as well for petrol head lovers like i am , but i also love ev technology is a miracle for our time line a big big big step up in human accomplishments.
The visualisations in this are really great. Its particularly nice that the influence of clever control algorithms is shown as well as the basic physical setup. Second semester engineering students rejoyce. Also I am glad to see that it was noted that this was used looooong before model 3 came about. The BMW i3 is another such example if I recall correctly. What was missing imo was a visual representation of losses over rotor speed and load. Because the main issue of induction motors in automotive applications is their bad partial load performance which is not only dependant on speed.
Just tested the model 3 overnight. This is a people's sports car with small family utility capacity. The steering is dead on, the motor and acceleration is a dream, beats any gas powered varieties hands down with ease! Completely blown away! Model 3 rules!
Totally agree. Drove a model 3 LR about four months ago and it was mind boggling. The torque and acceleration was unlike anything I’ve ever experienced! Unfortunately, I can’t afford any new car currently, but if I could, I’d be getting a Model 3 no doubt! It actually made up my mind to get a computer science degree to get into the EV field. So that’s what I’m in the process of working on now!
As an ee student I'm used to looking at the phasors. This is an excellent video. Much thanks for taking out the time to explain everything and maintaining the perfect balance between making it very technical and Not boring.
Motors are fascinating! I had the good fortune to work in a motor laboratory at an OEM and learn lots about them. I own a Model 3 and it definitely has a lot of torque and is fun to drive.
Yeah, something of the sort. Unfortunately, spark advance did not resolve the issue of Coil magnetic-saturation at high RPMs. That was resolved later with multiplexing multiple Ignition coils. (first it was 2 coils (50% duty cycle) now some cars have one coil per Cylinder.....)
@Robert Slackware They don't have 2 levels of CONTACTS. It's all electronic Commutation. and they don't fire on empty cylinders. the EIS simply monitors the firing sequence then triggers the proper coil. By sharing the duty cycle the Coils have time for proper saturation. which was a problem at HIGH Rpms.....
Not at all. Inverter motor simply take the electricity and adjust the frequency. The outlet in your home runs at 60hz. The inverter changes this HZ to whatever it needs. It goes from 1hz to 1khz (top limit would be the maximum rpm the motor can handle). The first DC brushless motor was the gas gauge in vehicles back from the middle 1900s. Yes that is a DC brushless motor.
Not at all like that. The old motor they had would run like that. They had timing advances. This is like running 2 ignition systems both at the same time and blending between them depending on RPM
to those having a headache: 1. when magnets are moved around wires an electric current is induced in the wire. i.e. electrons move. 2. if electrons move thru wire a magnetic field also circles the entire length of the wire. electricity and magnetism are not separate. it is one phenomena joined from two properties = electro-magnetism. 3. so, use the magnet's field to move metal parts around, like a drive axle.
@@soundtrancecloud5101 the key answer is that elektromagnetic fields can be split in the "electro" part and the "magnetic" part, the angle between them is 90 degrees, here pops up the translation of the rotor of 45 degrees, here you see the difference between zero-max - zero the 50 degree is just a result of the vector calculation. it is not rocket science, it is more difficult:)
Its amazing how most of the technology used in electric vehicles, is not particularly new or groundbreaking. Most of the parts were invented long ago. It just needed someone to add some innovations for use in cars.
I would have switched out the squirrel cage with a hamster cage. The hamsters are far less likely to want to stop in the middle of a long drive just too mate. They're also are far more costly when the battery "squirrel" packs need replacing. It's just common sense to use hamsters instead of squirrels to power our tech.
The state of the art in lots of domains is actually far beyond what they teach in standard undergraduate courses. Only the fundamentals like mechanics and fourier transforms hold up.
Thank you for this. The modeling is superb however I wish this video was longer to really explain the cooling and how the motors work in tandem. You are missing a conclusion that wraps everything up and a chance to add more detail. I’m sure you already know all of this. Again, great video! TH-cam needs more people like you.
Person who designs and builds electric motors for a living summary here: So they went from a 3 phase squirrel cage motor to a permanent magnet motor, put the magnets from the outside the rotor to the inside to get better efficiency and realized that solid magnets weren't as efficient as individual magnets. They also realized that by continuously changing the phase angles that it would give them the best results for driving, this is seen in most modern power tools and features in Milwaukee power tools.
That's exactly right... a simple yet effective solution which also reduces heat, increasing performance with less chance of demagnetization of the permanent magnets (your know the old adage "kill two birds with a stone").
@@BillAnt I wonder why other companies don’t do this. It’s such a simple way to take on heat but like stated in the video, Toyota doesn’t? Are there downsides to it?
Your lawnmower can run at full power on its tank of gasoline longer than a Tesla can run at full power. That's the truth. I'm guessing that five minutes at FULL POWER will drain the battery of a Tesla car.
@@philipmiller5036 the truth is electric appliances are the most efficient things in terms of energy comversion and usage WHEN THEY ARE CORDED to grid. Thats why electric lawnmover is superb and electric cars are very inefficient. Battery blocks them and since they still need to first convert energy from grid (1/3 phase, depending on charger) to DC and then from DC to 3phase, there is not only unnecessary level of electronics that are nightmare in maintenance, but also there are a lot of losses.
One of the reasons they used induction motors in the first place is the criticality of dysprosium, a rare earth element in which China controls 90% of which is used in high performance permanent magnets. Luckily, this is changing as the US is opening a mining facility in Mountain Pass and Australia is also starting to produce.
Amazing what you can learn watching TH-cam videos...this video has a ridiculous high level of quality and detail..This explanation video should be part of any mechanical engineering study..
in my opinion the real brilliance in this motor design lies in the electronics controlling the angle of the stators magnetic field. Without the advanced power electronics none of these innovative designs would be possible.
Looks exactly like the large servo motors we were using on a production line back in the 1990's. They can accelerate like hell, decelerate the same and brake, and even stop at a selected position. We did not have high inertial loads on the output shaft which can create some of the issues discussed here. I don't understand why the PM 'servo' wasn't adapted sooner.
Efficiency of our batteries. Its one thing when you have a AC/DC connection to the wall or some other power supply, and another entirely when you have to count on a battery to live for multiple years of discharging quickly. It was adopted sooner, just not in the "Mass produced" automobile sector.
Hi, I am Graeme John Eddington. Following is my TH-cam post of my Multi-speed transmission I have called: "Opposing Torque Dynamic Clutch" which is a type of Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) which I believe is ideal for your current applications. Please log on to my TH-cam video: th-cam.com/video/SACDK89U7PM/w-d-xo.html
@@senic35 Taking away from the effort in creating your own motor and implementation and giving credit to 1 company out of many that worked on this technology...
This " new " motor is the same I have in my skateboard, BLDC. It's been fine for years. All motors produce some back EMF and that's what's used for regeneration braking. But anyway I want one .
We are at the dawn of advanced motor engineering - with the amount of money pouring into EVs and the competition for carmakers to survive, EV motor technology has the potential to really accelerate over the next decade or two.
Electric motors already are at the higher end of 9X% efficiency, which is already double the efficiency of combustion engines. It's cool if they get another %, but if you want EVs to get a jump in performance, the batteries, like QuantumScapes new Solid State Battery design, have the most potential.
@@stevenhill3136 Yes and no. If you desperately want a Single gear EV, maybe with 4 motors one on each wheel, than this is a valid concern, otherwise you can just insert a gearbox and regulate your power and rpms through that. at the cost of weight and maybe space.
I wrote Finite Element code from scratch in EE grad school (including axis-symmetric mesh generator) to analyze pulsed electromagnetic fields, and I had a hard time following this video.
Don't worry, as the author of this article/video is a magical painter of images for entertainment. So, let the "info" goes from one ear through the other ear, and then it left with nothing gained or retained, etc.
That’s just because it wasn’t perfectly explained and skipped over a lot of key aspects. Even when explaining things to someone who has prior knowledge of a concept, it is extremely important to link the derived graphs, diagrams etc. with what is actually being observed. Starting with a re explanation of the root, in this example the poles of different atoms and how they are generated, and then building up to the bigger picture with their complex magnetic field diagrams. I’ve always found that a lot of education systems suffer from this same issue, where they teach theory that is simple to perform, but don’t delve into why it is that these things are true, meaning most students don’t actually develop understanding and rely on their memory of formulas etc.
I only graduated highschool and I understood it all from start to finish no rewinding needed. The concept is simple but the terminology is what most people are missing to understand what's going on here. They are reshaping the fields from the permanent magnets during high speeds to reduce Eddy currents that cause excessive heat. That's what they are demonstrating at 5:30 and 6:45 by placing permanent magnets within the slots in the rotor. Not saying this is cake work to design and build, only that the concept is simple to understand once you know the language.
10:43 this is a great vid scripting in getting people to watch and learn the technology. If this was titled 'Toyota and their Motor technology' where latest Tesla follow suit, i'm probably the only one commenting.
Correct, but a narrative and a hype has to be built. This is what matters nowadays, gossip over fact. One of the most interesting example of technological disinformation since a long time, together with the mighty Halbach Array and Switched Reluctance or any fancy word out-of-context fanboys like. Nothing against Tesla but I cannot understand why such disinformation exists. Regarding the Toyota Prius, that specific design was introduced in... 2004...For researcher/students in e-motors this is a well known study case and reference design, in the past used as benchmark also (can be found in a lot of research paper) . Report of ORNL of 2010 has a lot of info. Some interesting remarks of this design, from a real expert in the field, min. 8 : 20 th-cam.com/video/RCU22tyiE9g/w-d-xo.html
@@NRG1985 I'm really glad he mentioned the design was originated at Toyota (or elsewhere, before as a reference design?). Agree that Tesla (the company) deserves little credit, but gets it in this case anyway, just the opposite of the real Tesla (who got little credit at the time and deserves more now). Arguably, if Learn Engineering had wanted a more accurate, and clickbait-y title, that was still more representative of the linear of the design they could have said "Tesla Stole Toyota's motor????" . uhg.
@@crashfactory The Toyota 2004 was the first mass market IPM synchronoys traction motor for xEV with such characteristic V-shape arrangement of the magnet. But the IPM V-shape arrangement and in general all the modern IPM designs are studied in academia since the 1980s (lot is deserved to Prof. Thomas Jahns) and used in the industry probably since the 1990s. Toyota was the first car manufacturer to introduce IPM designs in Prius already in the end of 1990s, with a I-shape arrangement which later evolved in 2004 in this particoular V-shape, which the video considers as magical or never seen before. www.icrepq.com/icrepq19/212-19-abad.pdf We are talking about more than 10-20 years ago, not yesterday...this should be mentioned because at the same time AC Propulsion was working with the motor tehcnology which was available and well known at the time, the induction motor: this technology ended up in the GM EV1, their Tzero and licensed for the development of Tesla Roadster. Since Toyota Prius, IPM became a reference design in the "growing" xEV industry and the Toyota IPM V-shape was considered a reference for their motor development. Example of EV IPM designs: Nissan Leaf, GM Volt, BMW i3, Tesla itself, Jaguar i-Pace...basically the majority of players. www.researchgate.net/profile/Di_Han2/publication/300415557/figure/fig2/AS:396982737752065@1471659468515/Torque-speed-curve-of-the-induction-motor-used-in-TESLA-Roadster-Sport-Electric-Motor-5.png Also I have never heard of the specific term IPMSynR, in the field is just called IPM synchronous motor: intrinsically all IPM exploit, with different proportions (it depends by many factors), reluctance mechanism for the torque production. Some design are specifically called PM Assisted SynR when the significantly exploit the reluctance torque (multiple flux barrier layout). These are facts, no engineering gossip.
I'm a gearhead from the 1970's. I've maintained my various cars to this day. But suddenly, it feels like my knowledge and experience with non-electric cars has been obsoleted. I look at my cars now and think "why bother"? My son's Tesla Model 3 Performance does 0 to 60 in about 3.6 seconds. That will smoke anything I've got - which includes a built nitrous boosted Trans Am and a Corvette. Electric cars are the wave of the future. Gasoline engines will begin fading away.
I think gasoline engines are not outdated at all. There will be a problem soon,shortage of Lithium around the world. But you can grow fuel for your engine in your garden (I give you a hint - canola oil)
@@The_Ballo , the Cybertruck I will take delivery of next year will have a 620 mile range, 0-60 in 2.7 seconds. Bed capacity of 3500 lbs and towing capabilities of 14,000. Towing the 14,000 lbs will decrease range to about 400 miles, however.
In short, There are two magnetic fields that are shaped like Jewish stars (6 points). If one tries to turn right or left, the other will follow. The further they are misaligned, the more torque they will have. Hope this helped!
Tesla Marketing Stunt, this principle is known for over a century, and motors like this are in commercial use for decades. Now suddently we talk about them in a context with Tesla Motors. Well done Marketing, I guess this guy works for Tesla??
he must be, i find it funny how marketing guys for Tesla and electric cars always claim that electric motors are more efficient, while never showing any form of prof like a datasheet for the motor and independent tests. in reality electric motors have always had more or less a bad efficiency, at least when u take in to account every step the power has to pass through to eventually be used by the motor. not to mention that most generators has a efficiency of 50% or lower and there is very few that are more than that(the same goes for a motor as a generator is virtually identical). this all one makes the over all efficiency 25% or less making electric cars not that good. i wonder what Nikola Tesla would think of the Tesla company.
@Hash Frowns According to Rolls-Royce about Bergen Diesel/LNG generators "We offer you a wide, highly economical product range with a leading nominal electrical efficiency of up to 50%. We also support you with a diverse range of pre- and aftersales services. Our broad scope and capability covers:" bergen.rolls-royce.com/ datasheet: bergen.rolls-royce.com/Portals/_default/assets/1/677/252_BookletEdition1-2020.pdf For induction engines "In practice, we see from our experience that a typical colliery or industry predominantly use induction motors having power factor varying from 0.5 to .75 lagging." www.yourarticlelibrary.com/electrical-engineering/mines/improvement-of-power-factor-in-induction-motors-mines/87873 Lets say you have a engine or turbine with a theoretical power of 10MW which is 10 000KW you get out of the engine/turbine 10 000KW * 0.50Pf = 5000KW which is the amount that it delivers to the power network, the rest is 5000KW of heat that can be used for steam, which is normal on a ship or a land installation provided that it's a diesel or natural-gas, if it's a turbine from a Hydro-power plant you cant use that excess energy as remote heating. Now provided that we ignore the power loss in transmission of the power as that is highly variable depending on how long the cable is. Now for the induction motor, we need to do two calculations, first we take the amount take the lowest amount of power efficiency of 50%, and we assume that the theoretical is the same as the generators nominal efficiency(5000KW), then we take 5000KW * 0.50Pf = 2500KW out on the propeller or wheel before any mechanical loss in any external component, now we take the best case scenario induction motor, 5000KW * 0.75Pf = 3750KW and the same as last calculation about loss is still true. Now for the overall efficiency of the whole process, we need to take the theoretical power of the generator an compare it to both scenarios we have lets first do the lowest performing one, 2500KW / 10 000KW = 0.25Pf which is the over all efficiency of the engine form the generator to the induction engines output, next we can do the best case scenario, 3750KW / 10 000KW = 0.375Pf from the generator to the induction engine, so in conclusion the overall efficiency of a Induction engine is between 25%-37.5% and is not at all 90% efficient that Tesla and many electric car manufacturers is claiming. Now remember that these calculations does not take in to account the loss of power in the circuits and in battery charging, and the transmission loss over distance, so the efficiency is lower than the efficiency in this calculation, but the reason i don't include those is because it's hard to find a average value for that, or a value that ranges from min/max power loss of those. Also Rolls-Royce is the manufacturer i know of that has the best efficiency of all generators in market at this moment, and the reason i choice them as a source is their claims is valid do to maritime laws preventing them form lying about their efficiency, do to the MARPOL 73/78 convention made by the International Maritime Organization under UN control. Also induction engines normally cost more depending on the efficiency, an as of that most people will go for the one that cost less, this is do to most economists will ignore the cost saving over time compared to short time cost, and that people with lower income will not be able to pay the extra amount you need to get an efficiency of 37.5%, most will go for the one with an efficiency of 25% just for that reason. Also remember where most power comes from in most country and that is nuclear, coal, oil and LNG, there are some wind but wind turbines has a low efficiency and the same goes for many other power sources, and there is not many places where you can have a hydro electrical plant at all so that is not a real option. Here are a link to some efficiency's for different sources of power but i question the validity of the site so take it with a grain of salt: www.brighthubengineering.com/power-plants/72369-compare-the-efficiency-of-different-power-plants/ also you should never use google as a source for anything they do not answer any thing correctly and often makes the claim based on bad data, do your research and always cross reference things, the claim of 85-90% is not the total efficiency of the motor that is the cosφ which is the loss in an electrical engine do to the angle of the rotor and normally is 0.85-0.9 cosφ the rest is mechanical losses do to bearings and magnetically resistance in the motor, also in theory cosφ can never go over 0.9 at least that was what i was thought by my teachers at Marine engineering officer(STCW 95) school i went to said, since that angle is necessary for the engine to be able to turn at all.
I think you missed some important parts. The three variable frequency phases are generated by some rather sophisticated electronics. The semiconductors that were capable of switching hundreds of amps at hundreds of volts have not been around all that long. These are not induction or brushed motors, they are much more advanced.
That is one way of looking at it. At the end of the day, it is all about regulating the slip. Slip produces torque, but also generates heat which reduces the efficiency. A fully synchronous motor has little torque so weight become the problem, it also slips during start-up. The balance needed to produce maximum efficiency was historically seen as around 5% slip on asynchronous motors driving a constant load. The problem on variable load with variable speed is maintaining optimum slip over the rev range. Clearly, improve motor design and additional poles help, but correct feedback from motor to inverter is every bit as important in order to prevent energy being dissipated as heat. Siemens led this technology in the early day, developing motors, inverters and regenerative braking for the railways. Their systems returning the regenerated power to the tracks, for close operation and short distance between stations for the London Underground was a milestone in technology.
@@rasyidsuhaimi295 I drive a petrol car and am aware how one hundred years can improve an ICE however it is very complex and needs a lot of maintence. Imagine if ICE was introduced now? Whut? lots of little explosions! What do you mean that inflammable petrol has to be stored in suburban locations? The electric motor is a lot simpler compared to a whole lot of pistons and cams burning fuel and turning gears. And an electric motor doesn’t have to idle. And this video is roughly 20 years of development, imagine if EVs were developed from the 1920s? It’s a pity that the oil and ICE sought to limit EVs.
This is when the fun of 'solving math problems' went from interesting to brain breaking for me back in college. It was when doing math in a vacuum could be interesting (calculus puzzles), while applying math (physics) was a whole different ballgame for me and I had to bail out and go a 'new direction.' I ended up a lawyer. Doh!
I've looked down further at the comments of other people, and those impressed by the video were those impressed by being baffled. _They didn't expect to understand the explanation and were quite impressed when they were left even more confused than expected._ Don't give up, you're probably almost there. I think we're getting lost on the acronyms and not seeing the unbalanced forces causing rotation. Tweak the video a bit, get that part clear, and it will be an excellent video!
He only got us ac current. And maybe tesla coils. You make it sound like he invented everything about electronics. I'd say the transistor is the actual invention that brought us the information age 😅
Great explanation. Makes you wonder why and when this style of power generation will be applied to the utilities industry and better yet, at the residential home level.
I'd guess that Toyata also was only the first Car manufacturer to use this technology. There were definetely other companies who used these types of motors in other applications way before. Edit: typo
I wonder what he would think if he knew that the vast majority of EV innovation is happening in a company named after him. Then again, there is another company named after him that was just run by a con artist (Nikola Motors).
There is another way,the back emf can be used to generate power,back emf is just the same as generated emf in a generator so basically the motor is acting as a generator at the same time as a motor and depending on the torque weather negative or positive the dominant function will be ,in other words when the forwards momentum of the vehicle is greater than the thrust then your motor is a generator and could be used as such with a few little electronic tweaks and an interconnection with a few super capacitors the excess forwards thrust can be converted back into electric power to regenerate the battery pack.This principle can be taken to an extreme even to the point of light breaking applications.I can not believe they have not incorporated this principle into the driving mechanism,so easy to do and it basically means every time you go down a steep hill or decelerate all the energy of momentum can be reused instead of lost.This would greatly increase distances all but in smooth cursing circumstances so basically around town and the suburbs and almost every where there would be a real energy saving therefore greater single charge mileage.Come on guys get with it,batteries aren't everything.
The description in the video is misleading. Instead of “they abandoned the versatile induction motor in Model 3 cars”, it should say “for the Model 3 cars, they abandoned the versatile induction motor in Model *S* cars”.
The engineering reminds me of how the six hydrocoptic marzelvanes are fitted to the ambifacient lunar waneshaft to prevent sidefumbling in the latest version of the retroencabulator. What's interesting is that without the risk of sinusoidal depleneration, there isn't a need for a drawn reciprocation dingle arm.
For anyone who has no idea what these guys are talking about, here it is: th-cam.com/video/RXJKdh1KZ0w/w-d-xo.html and here's the original 16mm version by the guy who wrote it: th-cam.com/video/Ac7G7xOG2Ag/w-d-xo.html Just for fun, here's the script: "Here at Rockwell Automation’s world headquarters, research has been proceeding to develop a line of automation products that establishes new standards for quality, technological leadership, and operating excellence. With customer success as our primary focus, work has been proceeding on the crudely conceived idea of an instrument that would not only provide inverse reactive current, for use in unilateral phase detractors, but would also be capable of automatically synchronizing cardinal grammeters. Such an instrument comprised of Dodge gears and bearings, Reliance Electric motors, Allen-Bradley controls, and all monitored by Rockwell Software is Rockwell Automation’s "Retro Encabulator". "Now, basically the only new principle involved is that instead of power being generated by the relative motion of conductors and fluxes, it’s produced by the modial interaction of magneto-reluctance and capacitive diractance. The original machine had a base plate of prefabulated amulite, surmounted by a malleable logarithmic casing in such a way that the two spurving bearings were in a direct line with the panametric fan. "The lineup consisted simply of six hydrocoptic marzelvanes, so fitted to the ambifacient lunar waneshaft that sidefumbling was effectively prevented. The main winding was of the normal lotus o-deltoid type placed in panendermic semiboloid slots of the stator, every seventh conductor being connected by a non-reversible tremie pipe to the differential girdlespring on the ‘up’ end of the grammeters. Moreover, whenever fluorescence score motion is required, it may also be employed in conjunction with a drawn reciprocation dingle arm to reduce sinusoidal depleneration. "The Retro Encabulator has now reached a high level of development, and it’s being successfully used in the operation of milford trenions. It’s available soon; wherever Rockwell Automation products are sold."
@@yaynative the magnets are arranged and sectioned to reduced demagnetizion . The motors are suppose to last a very long time. I wouldn't concern myself with that specific issue
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4:23
Anytime I watch an incredibly detailed, clear, and concise science/engineering/history video on TH-cam for free, I realize just how blessed we truly are.
Shows you what a waste your college education was 😂
Love the graphical representation of the Torque vs angle graphs
Timestamp?
@@shiskeyoffles 8:15
th-cam.com/video/kr8a0DAb8Bg/w-d-xo.html
Toma
Yeah, I almost understood it. Not bad for me !
I watch lots of educational videos on YT, and even then I'm always amazed by how your 3D models help explain such hard topics so easily
Actually just for this problematic the 2D plain model is much better. Just look at wiki.
As an engineer... Just imagining the integrals need to calculate that magnetic fields ... a vision from hell or heaven... afterlife for sure...
Embrace Maxwell my child
why do you need to calculate them, they just work
@@tonial5789 , well... someone did that math. And probably if you get back to that degree/masters... That monster will be there... Waiting for you... In the corners of eletromag 3...
@@tonial5789 to make the rotor the right shape. No point just guessing.
That's why there's programmes such as MATLAB. No need to sweat over calculations
Is it wierd to really like this level of explanation?
I have known the principle before, but just really like to see this explanation. Wish I have had it when I studied about this...
I'm weird too...
why would it be weird its a youtube video for a reason
@@alexeitubrett2839 had a sense of humour malfunction. Move along, nothing to see here. :D
It's quite easy for me as I'm studying Electrical engineering.
Thank you! I drive a 2019 Toyota Prius Prime, and this video is the best explanation I've ever found on how the cars two motor/generators work. One thing the video didn't mention: there is a sensor on the rotor shaft of each of the Prius's motors, that continually and very precisely tracks the angle of the rotor around it's 360° circle. The signal from this sensor is fed to the motor control computer, which is controlling the bank of high-power MOSFET transistors in the inverter, that create the 3-phase alternating current that power the motor stator windings. As the video explains, there is an ideal phase-angle relationship between the magnetic fields in the rotor's permanent magnets, and the phase angle of the rotating magnetic fields being produced by the stator. The motor control computer continually adjusts and optimizes this phase angle, based on the signal from the rotor position sensor, and other sensors, plus the driver's demand for power given via the throttle pedal or cruise control setting. I assume that the Tesla, and other EV cars, have a similar sensor on the rotor.
I assume the other motors smear feces onto the rotor magnet to coax the wheel into turning out of sheer disgust. Note that the feces must be continually lubricated which indicates that piss or vomit could be used in addition
@@aceman0000099 tf lmao
Yes. These sensors are typically called "absolute encoders" in the business.
Toyota use Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) not MOSFETs
@@AlexBesogonov Toyota call these sensors 'Resolvers'
Physics is the backbone of engineering....i love it, the lesson from the models.
The genius behind this is mind-boggling imho and I´m saying that as a technician. I´m continually amazed by what intricate designs human beings can come up with.
I still thinking how much hard work he has done for making this video 🥴
Thanks for providing such contents for free ❤️
for free? These Jerks are MONTIZING this content at the tune of Commercials every 2 minutes!!! Didn't you notice??
@@jesscast5122 All that costs you is time, and if you don't find it worth that, than use adblock ;)
@@jesscast5122 Ublock origin, AdBlock plus, pihole.
@@Sal3600
can they works on Android?
@@jesscast5122 It is the way of the world these days, nothing comes for free.
In addition, they are promoting their product.
The problem is that they are educating countries such as China. They are quick to take but put nothing in, thus allowing them to steal technology at zero cost. This makes them the financial enemy of the entire western world,
Finally, its so much easier to understand the relationships.
This is awesome, I own a Tesla and just thought to myself I don’t even know how my motor works. Now I have a great understanding, thank you!
I own the Prius and I am glad that just japan engineers are inventors of this genius engine.
This is obviously not a video for everyone....but those in the know appreciate it a lot. I have been working with Eddy currents since 1999. And in the future it seems I will keep working with them...
After 15 years of sleepless nights, I was able to finally fall asleep. Thank you. A fellow M3P Owner and Shareholder.
Sleep talk try viper Tv TH-cam works every time 😀
We've been utilizing permanent magnet rotors in motors in similar configurations for 100 years. Interesting that they are coming back around, while being tweaked for efficiency.
Ngl, I'm just dipping my toes into the water with PM's, what did we start using them for?
@@insanitysreign6195 Printing presses :) "History was made when Thomas Davenport of Vermont invented the first official battery-powered electric motor in 1834. This was the first electric motor that had enough power to perform a task and his invention was used to power a small-scale printing press."
Elon Musk invented another 100 years old thing.
@@insanitysreign6195 finding north
Yup, old news. Hyundai has used this in their hybrids since 2010 and I'm sure others have before that. I guess this video is good to show how tesla changed the motor but they kinda make it sound like tesla invented it.
This content is for free ? Cant believe
Big heart, Thanks for this buddy ❤
TH-cam engineering creators are more intelligent and knowledge than IIT professors. It's a fact. I've been to IIT to attend a few technical seminars. These professors know very little thing. They are stuck in 1970s technology. They know only the basics of new tech. Nothing of deep knowledge.
That's the kind of idiot comment that encourages requiring payment for everything going. If you strongly feel the need to pay for everything, do so quietly with a donation and keep your stupid mouth shut! My guess though is that you have zero intention of giving away money and are just posturing for likes with your comment.
@@cypher10297 Who's IIT? Indian Institute of Technology? Illinois Institute of Technology?
@@magnetospin 1st one I suppose
This is just basic engineering things.
What I learned from this is if you ever have a problem in life, rotate it by 45° and if that doesn’t work, try 50°. Then, profit. 👍🏼
That's what my Dad always told me.
It works
Funny. I'm a scientist/engineer, I'll use this on my colleagues.
I tried this on my girlfriend.
It worked.
Or, just use a condom.
I could never do this. If there were 7 billion versions of me here on earth, there'd be no cell phones, no Tesla, no TH-cam.
Amen, this stuff is immensely interesting but the way it's used and how they're made is worse for the world than the wonder they produce.
maybe the boredom of the past would help you 😂
😂
@@TylerFoxtrotcan you elaborate more on how they are "worst" im aware of the carbon footprint ev's have when they are made but after 8 or 10 years the contamination goes down to about 8% so ,yes they polute more at the beginning but afterwards is a miracle for our world , i fully understand there are people still living under a rock and have ignorance on top of that , that they think ev's polute more than ice cars , remember this : ev's have their place as a daily driver car , and ice cars have their place as well for petrol head lovers like i am , but i also love ev technology is a miracle for our time line a big big big step up in human accomplishments.
Thank God for diversity aka different people, thoughts, minds, outlooks, goals, etc…
The real magic here is reducing the effect of Eddy Current, massive amount of R&D and work been done here for this design. Thx for explaining
Oh I know him. Plays violin with Brett Raisin.
The visualisations in this are really great. Its particularly nice that the influence of clever control algorithms is shown as well as the basic physical setup. Second semester engineering students rejoyce.
Also I am glad to see that it was noted that this was used looooong before model 3 came about. The BMW i3 is another such example if I recall correctly.
What was missing imo was a visual representation of losses over rotor speed and load. Because the main issue of induction motors in automotive applications is their bad partial load performance which is not only dependant on speed.
1st semester English students shake your head. It's R E J O I C E
Just tested the model 3 overnight. This is a people's sports car with small family utility capacity. The steering is dead on, the motor and acceleration is a dream, beats any gas powered varieties hands down with ease! Completely blown away! Model 3 rules!
Totally agree. Drove a model 3 LR about four months ago and it was mind boggling. The torque and acceleration was unlike anything I’ve ever experienced! Unfortunately, I can’t afford any new car currently, but if I could, I’d be getting a Model 3 no doubt! It actually made up my mind to get a computer science degree to get into the EV field. So that’s what I’m in the process of working on now!
Now take out the governor and fly to the moon
As an ee student I'm used to looking at the phasors.
This is an excellent video. Much thanks for taking out the time to explain everything and maintaining the perfect balance between making it very technical and Not boring.
Great explanation, the interaction between two different magnetic fields is never easy to visualize, but this video really makes the point!
Motors are fascinating! I had the good fortune to work in a motor laboratory at an OEM and learn lots about them. I own a Model 3 and it definitely has a lot of torque and is fun to drive.
This the the electric car version of ignition advance curves to improve efficiency at different speeds.
Yeah, something of the sort.
Unfortunately, spark advance did not resolve the issue of Coil magnetic-saturation at high RPMs. That was resolved later with multiplexing multiple Ignition coils. (first it was 2 coils (50% duty cycle) now some cars have one coil per Cylinder.....)
Very good analogy.
@Robert Slackware They don't have 2 levels of CONTACTS. It's all electronic Commutation.
and they don't fire on empty cylinders.
the EIS simply monitors the firing sequence
then triggers the proper coil.
By sharing the duty cycle the Coils have time for proper saturation. which was a problem at HIGH Rpms.....
Not at all. Inverter motor simply take the electricity and adjust the frequency. The outlet in your home runs at 60hz. The inverter changes this HZ to whatever it needs. It goes from 1hz to 1khz (top limit would be the maximum rpm the motor can handle). The first DC brushless motor was the gas gauge in vehicles back from the middle 1900s. Yes that is a DC brushless motor.
Not at all like that. The old motor they had would run like that. They had timing advances. This is like running 2 ignition systems both at the same time and blending between them depending on RPM
to those having a headache: 1. when magnets are moved around wires an electric current is induced in the wire. i.e. electrons move. 2. if electrons move thru wire a magnetic field also circles the entire length of the wire. electricity and magnetism are not separate. it is one phenomena joined from two properties = electro-magnetism. 3. so, use the magnet's field to move metal parts around, like a drive axle.
You are confused, electricity and magnetricity (not magnetism) are two sides of one coin.
Define field? Are particles really moving(electrons)?
@@soundtrancecloud5101 the key answer is that elektromagnetic fields can be split in the "electro" part and the "magnetic" part, the angle between them is 90 degrees, here pops up the translation of the rotor of 45 degrees, here you see the difference between zero-max - zero the 50 degree is just a result of the vector calculation. it is not rocket science, it is more difficult:)
Its amazing how most of the technology used in electric vehicles, is not particularly new or groundbreaking. Most of the parts were invented long ago. It just needed someone to add some innovations for use in cars.
I would have switched out the squirrel cage with a hamster cage. The hamsters are far less likely to want to stop in the middle of a long drive just too mate. They're also are far more costly when the battery "squirrel" packs need replacing. It's just common sense to use hamsters instead of squirrels to power our tech.
He's right. We're still on squirrel technology and all they do is try and pinch your nuts!
😂😂😂🤣🤣🤣
Nah. Hamsters just ham it up. Besides, they’re too ham-fisted.
The more I learn about motors, the less I understand them.
Dunning Krueger effect.
The state of the art in lots of domains is actually far beyond what they teach in standard undergraduate courses. Only the fundamentals like mechanics and fourier transforms hold up.
@@pvlkmrv Education gives you the fundamentals, it is up to the individual to learn in-depth niche skills.
@@lukecarran5469 quite literally the opposite of the dunning-kruger effect
@@ayeshamerrydeath7501 It is tho: The less you know, the more you think you know, the more you know, you understand how little you know.
Thank you for this. The modeling is superb however I wish this video was longer to really explain the cooling and how the motors work in tandem. You are missing a conclusion that wraps everything up and a chance to add more detail. I’m sure you already know all of this. Again, great video! TH-cam needs more people like you.
Person who designs and builds electric motors for a living summary here:
So they went from a 3 phase squirrel cage motor to a permanent magnet motor, put the magnets from the outside the rotor to the inside to get better efficiency and realized that solid magnets weren't as efficient as individual magnets. They also realized that by continuously changing the phase angles that it would give them the best results for driving, this is seen in most modern power tools and features in Milwaukee power tools.
Yup. Battery powered hand tools have historically been the far more difficult test for electric motors.
Summery?
@@ConstructiveMinds100 This is a summary.
So Adam NZ, the Plaid must have three of these puppies, to make that much torque?
Elon might have a job for you?........batteries are the barrier now,,,,,how is your electro chemistry?
I’m not an engineer but somehow this slightly made sense to me. Great visuals for sure
Stop insinuating that you have intelligence
If you drive these in the Southern hemispere, they go faster in reverse.
It depends if you drive from west to east or from east to west.
This video made it possible for me to understand a little bit about electric cars, unlike anything I imagined. thank you very much
Khó hiểu chết mẹ với chả làm được gì =)
Gr8.
Brandy says hi FongSta.
😘😘
Wikipedia about Tesla, Inc.: th-cam.com/video/NJz_RGYJs14/w-d-xo.html
I thought they were talking about a predator generator 😂
th-cam.com/video/KdWnk1UWaN0/w-d-xo.html
3"s motor uses segmented magnet ,that is good to know ,in which gap between act as fin and reduces eddy effect
That's exactly right... a simple yet effective solution which also reduces heat, increasing performance with less chance of demagnetization of the permanent magnets (your know the old adage "kill two birds with a stone").
@@BillAnt I wonder why other companies don’t do this. It’s such a simple way to take on heat but like stated in the video, Toyota doesn’t? Are there downsides to it?
@@willg125 - Maybe Toyota hasn't watched this video yet to get a clue. lol jk Often decisions come down to cost or other factors.
Awesome animation; makes it so much easier to understand.
So much hard work had to go into making this video. Amazing, thank you!
Well done! Thanks for the high quality content, gentlemen
Im glad I watched this and I understood EVERYTHING, my lawnmower needs a new spark plug
good one
Your lawnmower can run at full power on its tank of gasoline longer than a Tesla can run at full power. That's the truth. I'm guessing that five minutes at FULL POWER will drain the battery of a Tesla car.
xd
@@philipmiller5036 the truth is electric appliances are the most efficient things in terms of energy comversion and usage WHEN THEY ARE CORDED to grid. Thats why electric lawnmover is superb and electric cars are very inefficient. Battery blocks them and since they still need to first convert energy from grid (1/3 phase, depending on charger) to DC and then from DC to 3phase, there is not only unnecessary level of electronics that are nightmare in maintenance, but also there are a lot of losses.
@@philipmiller5036
An electric motor at full power can burn out in a minute, or an inverter.
One of the reasons they used induction motors in the first place is the criticality of dysprosium, a rare earth element in which China controls 90% of which is used in high performance permanent magnets. Luckily, this is changing as the US is opening a mining facility in Mountain Pass and Australia is also starting to produce.
Amazing what you can learn watching TH-cam videos...this video has a ridiculous high level of quality and detail..This explanation video should be part of any mechanical engineering study..
in my opinion the real brilliance in this motor design lies in the electronics controlling the angle of the stators magnetic field. Without the advanced power electronics none of these innovative designs would be possible.
That man-child character is going to give me nightmares, I know it.
He wants to know how your insides work.
That’s what happens when you outsource your animation from India
@Paul _we fellow commenters stand should-to-shoulder with you against the maniacal man-child!_ 🤜🤛
Looks kinda like Sid from Toy Story...
They kinda cute though
Looks exactly like the large servo motors we were using on a production line back in the 1990's. They can accelerate like hell, decelerate the same and brake, and even stop at a selected position. We did not have high inertial loads on the output shaft which can create some of the issues discussed here. I don't understand why the PM 'servo' wasn't adapted sooner.
Efficiency of our batteries. Its one thing when you have a AC/DC connection to the wall or some other power supply, and another entirely when you have to count on a battery to live for multiple years of discharging quickly. It was adopted sooner, just not in the "Mass produced" automobile sector.
Best video on youtube for this particular subject.
So 1960s style presentation---love it.
This is incredible!!! Could you imagine Tesla himself seeing this now? He’d be like, “Oh yes quite splendid, and mostly correct!”
Tesla invented the induction motor.
patents leaked, from a dude that was lightyears ahead of, and squelched by>?
or he'd be like, "I'm just sayin" "
Imagine what he could have done with access to today's computers, AI, laser cutters, 3d printers and other rapid prototyping tools.
The last time I heard about magnetic reluctance was from the retro encabulator.
I barely understand but couldn't stop watching 😅
My brain just blew up 🤯🤯🤯🤯🤯
same here
My head hurts.
Basically reduce friction between the magnetic field lines increases efficiency. All achieved by interlocking them by changing the angle.
This is the easy part. Try understanding and improving battery chemistry if you want a real challenge.
Hi, I am Graeme John Eddington. Following is my TH-cam post of my Multi-speed transmission I have called: "Opposing Torque Dynamic Clutch" which is a type of Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) which I believe is ideal for your current applications. Please log on to my TH-cam video: th-cam.com/video/SACDK89U7PM/w-d-xo.html
Not easy to explain electromagnetics while avoiding all the ∭. Great video!
They got some real geniuses working on this stuff.
Yep, Toyota got some smart engineers.
@@senic35 Taking away from the effort in creating your own motor and implementation and giving credit to 1 company out of many that worked on this technology...
Volvo trucks had it 2013. But not in production.
This " new " motor is the same I have in my skateboard, BLDC. It's been fine for years. All motors produce some back EMF and that's what's used for regeneration braking.
But anyway I want one .
What amazes me is just by a simple repositioning of magnets, you will Tremendously gain more efficiency
We are at the dawn of advanced motor engineering - with the amount of money pouring into EVs and the competition for carmakers to survive, EV motor technology has the potential to really accelerate over the next decade or two.
Electric motors already are at the higher end of 9X% efficiency, which is already double the efficiency of combustion engines.
It's cool if they get another %, but if you want EVs to get a jump in performance, the batteries, like QuantumScapes new Solid State Battery design, have the most potential.
@@carstekoch The competition for motor improvement doesn't stop at efficiency. Gains in motor power and rpm's will remain ongoing.
@@stevenhill3136
Yes and no.
If you desperately want a Single gear EV, maybe with 4 motors one on each wheel, than this is a valid concern, otherwise you can just insert a gearbox and regulate your power and rpms through that. at the cost of weight and maybe space.
ccp laughs on tech others are making, i think ... communism is always wanting usurpingly to be the motor and others its fuel.
@@nextchannelnext8890
I believe you responded to the wrong comment.
Lot of things we learnt from your videos ..thanks lot to you and your team.,
i just graduated and im supposed to understand motors but your video is incomprehensible.
I am not a mechanical student but i got an pretty good idea how an EV motor works after watching this ....Good job!!!
It's electrical engineering bruh!!! Nothing to do with mechanical! Mechanical engineers don't even know the basics of electrical!! Wtf.
I wrote Finite Element code from scratch in EE grad school (including axis-symmetric mesh generator) to analyze pulsed electromagnetic fields, and I had a hard time following this video.
Don't worry, as the author of this article/video is a magical painter of images for entertainment. So, let the "info" goes from one ear through the other ear, and then it left with nothing gained or retained, etc.
@@pvosoccer1585 yo dats rill dwawg BALEEDAT
That’s just because it wasn’t perfectly explained and skipped over a lot of key aspects. Even when explaining things to someone who has prior knowledge of a concept, it is extremely important to link the derived graphs, diagrams etc. with what is actually being observed. Starting with a re explanation of the root, in this example the poles of different atoms and how they are generated, and then building up to the bigger picture with their complex magnetic field diagrams. I’ve always found that a lot of education systems suffer from this same issue, where they teach theory that is simple to perform, but don’t delve into why it is that these things are true, meaning most students don’t actually develop understanding and rely on their memory of formulas etc.
guess you didn't do too well in grad school then.
@@tysongommesen380 I think he did fine, I think you are too negative, your life would improve if you were a bit nicer
Very mind bogging research. Hats off to the researchers.
This made me feel stupid af.
Im a design engineer and im also in awe, don't feel bad.
Yea
You’re in good company; I have a bachelors degree in physics and had to pause and rewind SEVERAL times to wrap my head around this
I only graduated highschool and I understood it all from start to finish no rewinding needed.
The concept is simple but the terminology is what most people are missing to understand what's going on here. They are reshaping the fields from the permanent magnets during high speeds to reduce Eddy currents that cause excessive heat. That's what they are demonstrating at 5:30 and 6:45 by placing permanent magnets within the slots in the rotor.
Not saying this is cake work to design and build, only that the concept is simple to understand once you know the language.
th-cam.com/video/RXJKdh1KZ0w/w-d-xo.html
This 12 minute are equal to about 2 hours in colleges ..thank you
This is highschool material. I graduated in electromechanics for reference.
@@lIlIlIlIlIlIlIlIlI So you learned all kinds of motors in high school?
This was great!! please do motor videos of problems TSLA engineers have, and how they solved them! Very interesting!
Is this deja vu?? I saw this video yesterday and it has come out today????
This is deja reupload
th-cam.com/video/iByDTKxhXOw/w-d-xo.html
0:19 Me, in the supermarket trying to choose an icecream flavour.
lmao
You mean like the smiley silicon 4 handed *thing*
It's such a rocky road to make decisions about ice cream...
😁🤪😁
Cheri Garcia for sure
I love this machine and this motor
10:43 this is a great vid scripting in getting people to watch and learn the technology.
If this was titled 'Toyota and their Motor technology' where latest Tesla follow suit, i'm probably the only one commenting.
Correct, but a narrative and a hype has to be built. This is what matters nowadays, gossip over fact. One of the most interesting example of technological disinformation since a long time, together with the mighty Halbach Array and Switched Reluctance or any fancy word out-of-context fanboys like. Nothing against Tesla but I cannot understand why such disinformation exists.
Regarding the Toyota Prius, that specific design was introduced in... 2004...For researcher/students in e-motors this is a well known study case and reference design, in the past used as benchmark also (can be found in a lot of research paper) . Report of ORNL of 2010 has a lot of info.
Some interesting remarks of this design, from a real expert in the field, min. 8 : 20
th-cam.com/video/RCU22tyiE9g/w-d-xo.html
@@NRG1985 I'm really glad he mentioned the design was originated at Toyota (or elsewhere, before as a reference design?). Agree that Tesla (the company) deserves little credit, but gets it in this case anyway, just the opposite of the real Tesla (who got little credit at the time and deserves more now). Arguably, if Learn Engineering
had wanted a more accurate, and clickbait-y title, that was still more representative of the linear of the design they could have said "Tesla Stole Toyota's motor????" . uhg.
@@crashfactory The Toyota 2004 was the first mass market IPM synchronoys traction motor for xEV with such characteristic V-shape arrangement of the magnet. But the IPM V-shape arrangement and in general all the modern IPM designs are studied in academia since the 1980s (lot is deserved to Prof. Thomas Jahns) and used in the industry probably since the 1990s.
Toyota was the first car manufacturer to introduce IPM designs in Prius already in the end of 1990s, with a I-shape arrangement which later evolved in 2004 in this particoular V-shape, which the video considers as magical or never seen before.
www.icrepq.com/icrepq19/212-19-abad.pdf
We are talking about more than 10-20 years ago, not yesterday...this should be mentioned because at the same time AC Propulsion was working with the motor tehcnology which was available and well known at the time, the induction motor: this technology ended up in the GM EV1, their Tzero and licensed for the development of Tesla Roadster.
Since Toyota Prius, IPM became a reference design in the "growing" xEV industry and the Toyota IPM V-shape was considered a reference for their motor development. Example of EV IPM designs: Nissan Leaf, GM Volt, BMW i3, Tesla itself, Jaguar i-Pace...basically the majority of players.
www.researchgate.net/profile/Di_Han2/publication/300415557/figure/fig2/AS:396982737752065@1471659468515/Torque-speed-curve-of-the-induction-motor-used-in-TESLA-Roadster-Sport-Electric-Motor-5.png
Also I have never heard of the specific term IPMSynR, in the field is just called IPM synchronous motor: intrinsically all IPM exploit, with different proportions (it depends by many factors), reluctance mechanism for the torque production. Some design are specifically called PM Assisted SynR when the significantly exploit the reluctance torque (multiple flux barrier layout).
These are facts, no engineering gossip.
I'm a gearhead from the 1970's. I've maintained my various cars to this day. But suddenly, it feels like my knowledge and experience with non-electric cars has been obsoleted. I look at my cars now and think "why bother"? My son's Tesla Model 3 Performance does 0 to 60 in about 3.6 seconds. That will smoke anything I've got - which includes a built nitrous boosted Trans Am and a Corvette. Electric cars are the wave of the future. Gasoline engines will begin fading away.
Yeah, but its fun to blow the dust off the old dinosaur and let it roar every so often.
With a range of 200 miles I won't be buying an electric car any time soon
I think gasoline engines are not outdated at all. There will be a problem soon,shortage of Lithium around the world. But you can grow fuel for your engine in your garden (I give you a hint - canola oil)
@@The_Ballo , the Cybertruck I will take delivery of next year will have a 620 mile range, 0-60 in 2.7 seconds. Bed capacity of 3500 lbs and towing capabilities of 14,000. Towing the 14,000 lbs will decrease range to about 400 miles, however.
Well said sir
Tesla's big breakthrough is borrowing the Prius motor. Marketing genius.
If it works for apple it works for tesla
Tesla made the schematics open source so anyone can look at the blueprints and make their own version of the motor.
Hehe I couldn’t understand a single thing,but I appreciate your hard work
In short, There are two magnetic fields that are shaped like Jewish stars (6 points). If one tries to turn right or left, the other will follow. The further they are misaligned, the more torque they will have. Hope this helped!
Please improve basic concepts
Basically this is using two wrongs to make a right. Well kind of.
Tesla Marketing Stunt, this principle is known for over a century, and motors like this are in commercial use for decades. Now suddently we talk about them in a context with Tesla Motors. Well done Marketing, I guess this guy works for Tesla??
he must be, i find it funny how marketing guys for Tesla and electric cars always claim that electric motors are more efficient, while never showing any form of prof like a datasheet for the motor and independent tests. in reality electric motors have always had more or less a bad efficiency, at least when u take in to account every step the power has to pass through to eventually be used by the motor. not to mention that most generators has a efficiency of 50% or lower and there is very few that are more than that(the same goes for a motor as a generator is virtually identical). this all one makes the over all efficiency 25% or less making electric cars not that good. i wonder what Nikola Tesla would think of the Tesla company.
@Hash Frowns According to Rolls-Royce about Bergen Diesel/LNG generators "We offer you a wide, highly economical product range with a leading nominal electrical efficiency of up to 50%. We also support you with a diverse range of pre- and aftersales services. Our broad scope and capability covers:" bergen.rolls-royce.com/
datasheet: bergen.rolls-royce.com/Portals/_default/assets/1/677/252_BookletEdition1-2020.pdf
For induction engines "In practice, we see from our experience that a typical colliery or industry predominantly use induction motors having power factor varying from 0.5 to .75 lagging." www.yourarticlelibrary.com/electrical-engineering/mines/improvement-of-power-factor-in-induction-motors-mines/87873
Lets say you have a engine or turbine with a theoretical power of 10MW which is 10 000KW you get out of the engine/turbine 10 000KW * 0.50Pf = 5000KW which is the amount that it delivers to the power network, the rest is 5000KW of heat that can be used for steam, which is normal on a ship or a land installation provided that it's a diesel or natural-gas, if it's a turbine from a Hydro-power plant you cant use that excess energy as remote heating.
Now provided that we ignore the power loss in transmission of the power as that is highly variable depending on how long the cable is.
Now for the induction motor, we need to do two calculations, first we take the amount take the lowest amount of power efficiency of 50%, and we assume that the theoretical is the same as the generators nominal efficiency(5000KW), then we take 5000KW * 0.50Pf = 2500KW out on the propeller or wheel before any mechanical loss in any external component, now we take the best case scenario induction motor, 5000KW * 0.75Pf = 3750KW and the same as last calculation about loss is still true.
Now for the overall efficiency of the whole process, we need to take the theoretical power of the generator an compare it to both scenarios we have lets first do the lowest performing one, 2500KW / 10 000KW = 0.25Pf which is the over all efficiency of the engine form the generator to the induction engines output, next we can do the best case scenario, 3750KW / 10 000KW = 0.375Pf from the generator to the induction engine, so in conclusion the overall efficiency of a Induction engine is between 25%-37.5% and is not at all 90% efficient that Tesla and many electric car manufacturers is claiming.
Now remember that these calculations does not take in to account the loss of power in the circuits and in battery charging, and the transmission loss over distance, so the efficiency is lower than the efficiency in this calculation, but the reason i don't include those is because it's hard to find a average value for that, or a value that ranges from min/max power loss of those.
Also Rolls-Royce is the manufacturer i know of that has the best efficiency of all generators in market at this moment, and the reason i choice them as a source is their claims is valid do to maritime laws preventing them form lying about their efficiency, do to the MARPOL 73/78 convention made by the International Maritime Organization under UN control.
Also induction engines normally cost more depending on the efficiency, an as of that most people will go for the one that cost less, this is do to most economists will ignore the cost saving over time compared to short time cost, and that people with lower income will not be able to pay the extra amount you need to get an efficiency of 37.5%, most will go for the one with an efficiency of 25% just for that reason.
Also remember where most power comes from in most country and that is nuclear, coal, oil and LNG, there are some wind but wind turbines has a low efficiency and the same goes for many other power sources, and there is not many places where you can have a hydro electrical plant at all so that is not a real option.
Here are a link to some efficiency's for different sources of power but i question the validity of the site so take it with a grain of salt: www.brighthubengineering.com/power-plants/72369-compare-the-efficiency-of-different-power-plants/
also you should never use google as a source for anything they do not answer any thing correctly and often makes the claim based on bad data, do your research and always cross reference things, the claim of 85-90% is not the total efficiency of the motor that is the cosφ which is the loss in an electrical engine do to the angle of the rotor and normally is 0.85-0.9 cosφ the rest is mechanical losses do to bearings and magnetically resistance in the motor, also in theory cosφ can never go over 0.9 at least that was what i was thought by my teachers at Marine engineering officer(STCW 95) school i went to said, since that angle is necessary for the engine to be able to turn at all.
I think you missed some important parts. The three variable frequency phases are generated by some rather sophisticated electronics. The semiconductors that were capable of switching hundreds of amps at hundreds of volts have not been around all that long. These are not induction or brushed motors, they are much more advanced.
Simplistic explanation! Nothing can get better than this. Thank you!
@6:57 "This design is the internal permanent magnet synchronis reluctance motor" Well of course it is ! Who didn't know that ? :) lol
me didn't and I still don't
Im reluctant.
So basically they achieve variable magnetic force of the rotor, the same as synchronous motors do.
That is one way of looking at it. At the end of the day, it is all about regulating the slip. Slip produces torque, but also generates heat which reduces the efficiency.
A fully synchronous motor has little torque so weight become the problem, it also slips during start-up.
The balance needed to produce maximum efficiency was historically seen as around 5% slip on asynchronous motors driving a constant load. The problem on variable load with variable speed is maintaining optimum slip over the rev range.
Clearly, improve motor design and additional poles help, but correct feedback from motor to inverter is every bit as important in order to prevent energy being dissipated as heat.
Siemens led this technology in the early day, developing motors, inverters and regenerative braking for the railways. Their systems returning the regenerated power to the tracks, for close operation and short distance between stations for the London Underground was a milestone in technology.
Many thanks for the explanation! Regards from an electrical engineer
that's how variable valve timing assume in synchronous reluctance effect
"Electric V-Tec just kicked in yo"
VVT is cam phasing tech. This doesn't incorporate any actuator OR spool valve .
@@raunaksingh1257 i say assume. not similarity in mechanism. u r not petrolhead r u
@@rasyidsuhaimi295 yes now I'm not petrol head 😂 ... I'm motor head (future is electric).
@@rasyidsuhaimi295 I drive a petrol car and am aware how one hundred years can improve an ICE however it is very complex and needs a lot of maintence. Imagine if ICE was introduced now? Whut? lots of little explosions! What do you mean that inflammable petrol has to be stored in suburban locations?
The electric motor is a lot simpler compared to a whole lot of pistons and cams burning fuel and turning gears.
And an electric motor doesn’t have to idle.
And this video is roughly 20 years of development, imagine if EVs were developed from the 1920s? It’s a pity that the oil and ICE sought to limit EVs.
Thanks for some great info and animation. Even so, I'll have to watch it a few times to fully understand it.
I still thinking how much hard work he has done for making this video 😊
Thank
This is when the fun of 'solving math problems' went from interesting to brain breaking for me back in college. It was when doing math in a vacuum could be interesting (calculus puzzles), while applying math (physics) was a whole different ballgame for me and I had to bail out and go a 'new direction.' I ended up a lawyer. Doh!
That's an interesting perspective to me because I'm the opposite. I need real world applications to find the interest to learn math or anything else.
1st year engineering students watching this. "Do I need to take notes and will there be a test about this?" :)
I've looked down further at the comments of other people, and those impressed by the video were those impressed by being baffled. _They didn't expect to understand the explanation and were quite impressed when they were left even more confused than expected._ Don't give up, you're probably almost there. I think we're getting lost on the acronyms and not seeing the unbalanced forces causing rotation. Tweak the video a bit, get that part clear, and it will be an excellent video!
agreed. great feedback
Very nice animation of an induction motor and a permanent magnet motor . . . and reluctance . . . and the "hybrid." :) Clever design.
The rotor's magnet catches the magnetic field lines as the stator windings rotate laterally.
@study4 ever l, k ķ k
Yeah, they said that.
@@shannonjossy7994 Me no KKK
Echo
Echo
etc etc
*NIKOLA TESLA* IS THE CREATOR OF *INFORMATION AND ELECTRONICS AGE* . *GREAT WORKS* BY LEARN ENGINEERING. *THANK YOU*
He only got us ac current. And maybe tesla coils. You make it sound like he invented everything about electronics. I'd say the transistor is the actual invention that brought us the information age 😅
@@ManojDas-dt8nl A patent doesn't mean its a great invention.
Thank you for doing the video, it made me look at it and made more people understand the role of permanent magnet synchronous motors in cars.😃😃😃😃
Great explanation. Makes you wonder why and when this style of power generation will be applied to the utilities industry and better yet, at the residential home level.
Last minute of the clip: " Actually, Toyota was the first to use this technology"
I'd guess that Toyata also was only the first Car manufacturer to use this technology. There were definetely other companies who used these types of motors in other applications way before.
Edit: typo
Yep, but Tesla is doing it better. First =/= best.
Look up the word similar and then compare the two motors😉
Thats what covid vaccine videos always say at the end.
@@Synthmilk There was no need to jump into a fight.
Proton adalah beating shaft Dan Perodua real coil bermagnet Dari BLM D353119 Dan 911353D
epic work, I love this channel. thank you guys
Gotta thank Nicola Tesla for his work on rotating magnetic fields in developing AC motors... That's wasn't obvious at all during the 1890's.
I wonder what he would think if he knew that the vast majority of EV innovation is happening in a company named after him. Then again, there is another company named after him that was just run by a con artist (Nikola Motors).
Agreed
There is another way,the back emf can be used to generate power,back emf is just the same as generated emf in a generator so basically the motor is acting as a generator at the same time as a motor and depending on the torque weather negative or positive the dominant function will be ,in other words when the forwards momentum of the vehicle is greater than the thrust then your motor is a generator and could be used as such with a few little electronic tweaks and an interconnection with a few super capacitors the excess forwards thrust can be converted back into electric power to regenerate the battery pack.This principle can be taken to an extreme even to the point of light breaking applications.I can not believe they have not incorporated this principle into the driving mechanism,so easy to do and it basically means every time you go down a steep hill or decelerate all the energy of momentum can be reused instead of lost.This would greatly increase distances all but in smooth cursing circumstances so basically around town and the suburbs and almost every where there would be a real energy saving therefore greater single charge mileage.Come on guys get with it,batteries aren't everything.
Excellent work guys should aid even a non professional. Good work..
have been looking for an explanation like this for a while, great job LE team!
The description in the video is misleading. Instead of “they abandoned the versatile induction motor in Model 3 cars”, it should say “for the Model 3 cars, they abandoned the versatile induction motor in Model *S* cars”.
The engineering reminds me of how the six hydrocoptic marzelvanes are fitted to the ambifacient lunar waneshaft to prevent sidefumbling in the latest version of the retroencabulator. What's interesting is that without the risk of sinusoidal depleneration, there isn't a need for a drawn reciprocation dingle arm.
The turbo encabulator is truly a marvel of engineering.
It's also interesting how the remaframetz converter can be integrated into the watchmacallit control system.
For anyone who has no idea what these guys are talking about, here it is: th-cam.com/video/RXJKdh1KZ0w/w-d-xo.html and here's the original 16mm version by the guy who wrote it: th-cam.com/video/Ac7G7xOG2Ag/w-d-xo.html
Just for fun, here's the script:
"Here at Rockwell Automation’s world headquarters, research has been proceeding to develop a line of automation products that establishes new standards for quality, technological leadership, and operating excellence. With customer success as our primary focus, work has been proceeding on the crudely conceived idea of an instrument that would not only provide inverse reactive current, for use in unilateral phase detractors, but would also be capable of automatically synchronizing cardinal grammeters. Such an instrument comprised of Dodge gears and bearings, Reliance Electric motors, Allen-Bradley controls, and all monitored by Rockwell Software is Rockwell Automation’s "Retro Encabulator".
"Now, basically the only new principle involved is that instead of power being generated by the relative motion of conductors and fluxes, it’s produced by the modial interaction of magneto-reluctance and capacitive diractance. The original machine had a base plate of prefabulated amulite, surmounted by a malleable logarithmic casing in such a way that the two spurving bearings were in a direct line with the panametric fan.
"The lineup consisted simply of six hydrocoptic marzelvanes, so fitted to the ambifacient lunar waneshaft that sidefumbling was effectively prevented. The main winding was of the normal lotus o-deltoid type placed in panendermic semiboloid slots of the stator, every seventh conductor being connected by a non-reversible tremie pipe to the differential girdlespring on the ‘up’ end of the grammeters. Moreover, whenever fluorescence score motion is required, it may also be employed in conjunction with a drawn reciprocation dingle arm to reduce sinusoidal depleneration.
"The Retro Encabulator has now reached a high level of development, and it’s being successfully used in the operation of milford trenions. It’s available soon; wherever Rockwell Automation products are sold."
Marzellated lunar wayneshafts are way underappreciated.
"Moreover", I found this technically challenging to understand, but it was well done with lots of simple diagrams at least.
Visualization of magnetic field is great. Any one can understand the principle. I enjoyed the presentation. Thank you...
Phased plasma rifle in the 40 watt range.
Though having a higher efficiency "IPM-syn-RM" also make the design so complex.
Plus, won't permanent magnets get weaker over time from exposure to the stator EMF? I'll take an induction motor with 2% less efficiency.
@@yaynative I heard the motors could last a million miles....I'm not worried about mine.
@@yaynative the magnets are arranged and sectioned to reduced demagnetizion . The motors are suppose to last a very long time. I wouldn't concern myself with that specific issue
Amazing video, thanks! as I have an interview coming up while back ground comes from aviation this really helped me understand the technology more.
Now they're even wrapping the whole thing with carbon fiber to reduce eddy losses even more