And now with electronic enhancements. My first car (with auto trans) had three speeds. My latest has ten. Plus, shift points are electronically controlled. If I switch drive mode from, say, Comfort to Sport, it is as if the transmission was swapped out. Could almost say the same for the engine and suspension.
yeah, whenever I get the chance to drive an automatic transmission car (They're pretty unpoppular where I live), I spend far more time facinated about how they work than I'd do shifting in my normal car
Without a doubt this was the best, and most clearly presented description of how a torque converter works that I have seen. I teach automotive engineering to young adults and it has always been a difficult task to explain how the Torque converter works. Your video is going to be of immense value. Thank you.
It's a good visual demonstration, but some things are left pretty vague. For example there's a longer 19 minute video on youtube about torque converters, without visual animations, but the guy explains what the lock up clutch at the end actually does. Here it just vaguely states it's purpose. But what it really does it only activates when the highest gear has been reached, aka cruising speed. At that point you don't need torque converting and the components can spin together without loss of power. But it doesn't function at any gears below top gear and when the car is getting up to speed through the gears. There were a few other things left kind of vague in this video, but watch that longer one which has about 2-3 million views to get more detailed explanations. It does make you wonder though if people can come up with complex mechanics like this, why don't we have anti-gravity devices figured out yet ;p
Is the locking mechanism only for efficiency? Or is the energy loss significant enough to nessesitate it? I'm thinking for tractors, military, and other off-road applications far from any sort of workshop: simple is worth a small efficiency loss.
I've had arguments with people on auto transmissions - they just can't fathom a fluid based 'pump' being the core to power transmission in their car. I'm so glad I can just send this video now. Nice animation and explanation.
Early skid steer loaders only use a converter and no transmission. Machines like my track loader use a torque converter coupled to a manual gear shift transmission.And they can not understand the converter used in there car. A fluid based pump powers all machines built from around 1960.
You might let them know if there transmission in there car will not move in any gear most of the time the converter has failed. Replace it and save a transmission rebuild.
Helps to understand the fluid as well. It is a hydrodlic fluid, meaning it doesn't compress, it also is a lubricant, and a coolant. The fact that it doesn't compress means that when its slung from one side to the other, it is very thick and acts somewhat solid. The more momentum or energy, and amount of fluid being slung at the opposite side, the more pushing power it will have. Everyone knows what its like to be blasted with high pressure water, now imagine i stead of water its a high pressure liquid that doesn't splatter, mist, or compress under pressure. It acts more solid.
We've come a long way since the caveman days. Here we are explaining the engineering behind a torque converter using 3d computer graphics delivered by high speed internet that's delivered to everyone globally. high fives all around!
Counterpoint: when i need to protect myself during a process that shows our mastery and democratization of metallurgy, i wear the skin of a dead animal.
For years, all the explanations I could find skipped over the one-way clutch, but I couldn't see how the converter could work without it; how could you have more torque out than in with no connection to be body of the transmission? Finally, about 15 years ago, I just Googled "torque converter" AND "one way clutch" to find a complete explanation. This animation makes it even easier to understand. Thanks for posting.
How instinctive and well described explanation on the public eye level it is. I can even go so far as to say that the quality of this video must be much more worth than any stuff used in school nowadays and I think we should study and share these well made videos for every child who is living with these technologies. I really hope you to continue this struggle and so appreciate that efforts. I’m gonna support this by any sponsor from now on.
A great video throughout. I especially appreciated the part about the lockup torque converter... when towing I always knew WHEN the torque converter locked up because the RPM would drop slightly without a gear change. Now I know WHY. Thank you!
The lockup clutch is the best thing they've added to automatics. For those who don't know, older automatics in some vehicles did not have a lockup clutch. The converter was a constant slip or steady slip design. Very common in 70's - 90's medium and light duty diesel commercial trucks and buses with Allison automatics for example. What does constant slip feel like? Feels the same way your modern automatic behaves in cold weather when you first drive it while the transmission is cold. It takes about 15-25 minutes of highway driving to warm up the transmission enough to trigger the lockup clutch and when that happens the engine rpms will lower slightly and it will behave like a manual transmission since there is a direct connection between engine and transmission. Older automatics feel like "they're cold" the whole time being driven, constantly slipping and inefficient by comparison.
@@SocialPerspective101 For my 2015 GMC Sierra, about a month ago it got down to 16° F in Houston, TX and exactly what Head Liner is referring to happened. You could feel the torque converter slipping for the first 10 minutes of driving with the extra thick fluid. After that, the transmission fluid warmed up and it locked up normally.
@@SocialPerspective101 it's not necessarily a "temperature range", it's whatever operating temperature the transmission is on take off. If it's not up to a certain temperature it will not lock the torque converter until that temperature is reached. This most often occurs in cold to chilly weather, it can even occur in mild weather too if a vehicle has been sitting for months.
If there was a award for the best video explanation in youtube, you guys would win this easily. damn everything gets easier to understand with the help of you guys.
EXACTLY. The graphics and overview could not possibly be better. A complex system explained so a child could understand without reducing down any aspect.
@@pilattebe I dont care a single bit about that. All I care about is that people who cannot afford luxury cars are robed and the money is handed over to rich people who can afford luxury cars. Buy what ever you want. But you have to do using your own money. This transfer of public money into private pockets has to end now.
The fact that, all the use cases such as slowing down, disconnecting power to transmission, providing torque when needed and not when not needed is all satisfied with this one piece, is unbelievably🤩 amazing
The torque converter was developed by humble engineers at "Sachs" in Germany. They are the ones who should be remembered! They then had to drive around in ordinary cars. Their ideas had to be converted into solid steel. They didn't have access to software or 3D design simulation! Though modifications have been made to the original design, it had to work, more than just spinning around to be put into production. It multiplys just torque and not riches!
How does anyone ever discover stuff like this? I'd never ever have the idea to use a high-density fluid and 3 rotors to create a component fulfilling this task.
actually, that is just engeeneer mentality, at some point someone had a problem, sit on and think about a couple of solutions, pick the best weighting its pros and cons, and either repeat to fix the cons, or leave it to some other mind to come up with a better solution/fix. no invention came from no where, cars and their components included. this process takes who knows how long, can take a few hours, can take a lifetime, but in the end it always comes down to someone having a problem, no matter how ridiculous it might be, then sitting a lot and braining out a solution.
I’ve tried to understand how these work for so long with no luck. I’ve watched so many videos that left me still confused. This is the best explanation of how a torque converter works I’ve ever seen! Awesome video
@@billbob8 I have a million little snippets in my head about that guy. He passed away a year ago. I genuinely thank you for bringing him to my memory today. As a token of my appreciation, I'll tell you about the time he came in and asked me "Do you know what the height of conceit is? It's a flea doing the backstroke on the mississippi with a raging hard on screaming 'Raise the drawbridge, raise the drawbridge!'"
I thank Prof. John Kelly and Dr. Kyle for their technical inputs to this video. If you like our work, please support us at www.patreon.com/Lesics Prof. John Kelly's channel - goo.gl/7gpTzF Dr. Kyle's channel - goo.gl/txDKdK
Best animation on how the fluid flows and howa torque converter works. Thank you very much!! Some people have no idea how to teach and some people don't go step by step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 all the way to 10, they just skip 1-5 and hope that you understand which screws us up, i had to figure that out on my own in order to understand the turbine and impeller were on different sides and the casing for the TC was what made the oil pump work while the splines of the input shaft went into the turbine side.
This was brilliant! Finally I understand how it works and what it does in the first place. Even the channel Engineering Explained, although being phenomenal at explaining everything, didn’t get me to understand the mechanics of a torque converter. You guy managed to do it in 8 minutes! Yup. You have a new subscriber. Thank you!
1:15 incredible and fascinating how the torque converter can maintain handling and transferring so much power to the wheels. So incredible how gearing works so smoothly, and all combined can actually handle and displace all of it to the axle and wheels spinning with enough power.
This channel has to be in the top 5 of all time informative explanations on the internet. The Graphics are nothing short of extremely high quality and easy to follow. Well done and keep up the great progress. I remember back when you started out. I still found your videos excellent but now they are of a professional level. Well done from the UK
As a mechanic, i've always said I find it funny that people get upset when their car doesn't work right. I tell them if you TRULY understood how many complex things have to work correctly, and how many different principles are at work, you'd actually be kind of amazed they ever work right at all...cars are truly one of the most well-sorted and robust things man ever made...
Great job explaining. The next step of understanding is fluid velocity around the torus and how torque multiplication decreases (torque ratio) as the impeller and turbine become closer to the same speed (speed ratio). The fluid flow around the torus donut decreases because the faster the turbine spins the greater its centrifugal pumping force becomes until it nearly equals the pumping force of the impeller. The last little bit of efficiency is achieved with a lock up clutch as you described. Power absorption, torque multiplication and many other factors have fascinated me most of my adult life.
Lonnie Ralston, The larger the diameter of the turbine used would benefit the transmission torque wise but the correspondingly larger diameter impeller would work against the engine by increasing the lever arm distance resisting the engine as well. Were it not for the super charging effect of the reaction member there would be no torque multiplication only an increase of what is called absorption. The torque multiplication ratio can be altered by changing only the reaction member element of the 3 part torque converter. Increase the reaction members blade angle and you increase torque multiplication. In my industrial experience our converters were usually 2:1 or 3:1 nominally but could be engineered to be more or less. Absorption is another phenomenon that can be changed largely by discharge diameter and tweaked by number and curvature of the blades. Absorption limits the amount of torque that can be extracted from an engine at a limited, governed RPM. On a governed engine construction machine this reserves power for other tasks such as hydraulics. Decreasing the discharge diameter of the impeller requires an increased RPM to absorb the same power. That is why you have little driving force at idle and also how they get high stall RPM converters for drag raceing. I think this is an accurate statement, correct me if I'm wrong.
What is truly amazing to me is that with only a fluid as the mechanical connection between the engines crankshaft and the transmissions input shaft you can lift the front wheels of a 2500 or more pound car a couple feet off the ground at the drag strip.
I love learning things like this. It was very informative however I would have to watch it more times to fully wrap my head around it but I got the gist of it. So many mechanical innovations are going on simultaneously inside the cars we drive.
As a transmission shop owner I'm glad the algorithm showed me this video. That way whenever a customer that is too......slow to understand when their torque converter is damaged I can just send them this..
@@juhmeldavis4756 Especially in automotive features, an engine operates on the principles of a pressure differential albeit the fluid is a gas instead of a liquid. The water pump, fluid dynamics. Power steering pump, fluid dynamics. Brakes, fluid dynamics, usually vacuum assisted linear pump (the brake pedal is attached to the master cylinder which has a piston inside for pumping the fluid to the brake calipers, which also have pistons) Almost all of it works on pressure differentials and fluid mechanics. Even the crankshaft bearings which have no moving parts except for the oil that is pumped into them. A vehicle usually has about 6 pumps in total, some more some less. Not including the alternator which basically is a pump but the fluid it's pumping are electrons and not a liquid lol Very similar concept in electronic circuits to hydraulic circuits
@@standhd the stall speed of the torque converter is how much engine rpm the converter will allow before the vehicle must move. If you put the transmission in drive, hold the brakes, apply throttle - the engine rpm will only go to the stall speed. Inside the converter, the way it is built, determines stall speed. Drag racing prefers higher stall speed, for instance, because the engine is allowed to rev to a more powerful speed before load is applied.
Was a mechanic for years put a bunch of these things in never really had a good idea of how these things worked I kind of had a clue but this video showed me
Hello ??, this is the best visual explanation I have ever seen on how torque converters do their magic! I'm 70 and a neighbor of mine back in the 1960s gave me a training manual on the newly introduced Ford C-6 automatic transmission ( I still have it) so I could better understand the trans in my 1966 Cyclone GT. It explained the whole principle of torque converters very well also and I have always understood whats going on ever since I read it. The one thing you did not mention that it talks about is how under high stall conditions the fluid speed gets accelerated in every pass through the pump, turbine, reactor and back to the pump. I have sent msgs to other people, converter mfgs, trans specialists etc asking if they knew how fast, what speed the fluid might attain in a full stall condition. I got reply's back several times but never really an answer to my question, as they said they really didn't know . Do you have any idea of an answer to this question, do you think it's ever been measured or calculated? I still have a cut open torque converter in my garage attic in case any one I know wants an explanation as to how they do their thing. This whole topic is why I feel in many ways that a torque converter hydraulic automatic trans is better than the dual clutch automatic / manual transmissions that are becoming so popular today. Sincerely, George
Its a nice video. Maybe I'm behind the times but we used different terms in the trans industry. Fluid flywheel should be "fluid coupling". Reactor is generally called a "stator".
If you guys think this is mind blowing, imagine seeing the pages of complex math, fluid mechanics, dynamics calculations that is behind this stuff...that is engineering
So just to clarify for myself, the reactor's job is to help the pump by making sure it receives swirled fluid, and this is done by the one-way clutch. Also, in a way, it is good that the output fluid from the turbine is not swirled, because that means it absorbed most of the swirliness from the pump and converted it to rotation to the transmission. And then that's were the reactor comes in and adds the swirliness back to help the pump.
Wow thanks for the simple and very well done explanation. I somewhat understand how a manual transmission works but the component that turns it "automatic" I was told was so so complicated. This is so simple it could be a kids toy! Thanks so much
Wow! This video made the transmission/gearbox/shifter/torque converter much easier to understand. I can take my time with the video and see how the parts work together. Way cool!
Great video and explanation. It would be interesting to include the differences between a typical converter and a high performance, high stall converter.
I think with the understanding of the core concepts of an everyday automatic transmission torque converter, someone could use that knowledge and do a quick search on the differences, and understand it without difficulty. This video did an amazing job of explaining the core concepts in easy-to-grasp explanations. High performance and high stall wouldn't be sensible for everyday motorists which is why I don't believe it's included in this video.
This video makes one thing VERY clear: I will never understand how these things work. I'm getting close on string theory, but torque converters? Fogettaboutit.
It’s simple, the Transmission Fluid drives the car. without it, the two Turbines would just spin side by side, think of a desk fan blowing against a stationary fan with no motor, the moving fan will cause the other to spin via the airflow of the blades, it’s the same principle 😁
Great video, very informative! However, I was curious as to whether or not anybody else noticed that the engine shown in this animated BMW was a V6, which is a layout that BMW has never used as they have always exclusively used 6 cylinder engines with an inline layout.
A beautiful piece of ingenious engineering that once again demonstrates the amazing complexity of internal combustion vehicles, which increases their price and probability of failure. In the future people will not be able to believe that for a century vehicles with 10 times more parts than an EV were used.
@@PontiacCZ While the reactor/stator isn't moving in a gas turbine engine, it is performs pretty much the same function by directing the air into the next compressor stage, and that is called stator blades. It may be derived from that. Same task, but slightly different in practical application.
Brakes, power steering etc. they all use fluids. For example try to close water in a metal box and squeeze it i believe eventualy the box will crack if you use a press. Trucks use air for automatic gearbox shiftings (clutch and gears), brakes and other components
Fluid dynamics is so cool. It's like a hydrolic driven system because the fluid isnt very compressible, so it's very close to if it were solid parts interacting but smoother.
Some cars actually do it, but not for the reason you were thinking. Putting the trans in N eliminates the drag caused by the slipping torque converter / fluid pumping (the drag is the reason the car creeps when you let off the brake) and decreases fuel consumption while stopped at a light.
When a valve opens or closes it engages or engages a brake on one part of the planetary gearset. For instance brake the outer hub and you have the gear ratio between the shaft and planetary carrier, brake the carrier and you have the gear ratio between the shaft and hub. Old transmissions used pressure differentials caused by the increase in speed to open and close the valves, modern transmissions are all electronic.
It is jut sets of valves allowing hydraulic fluid to reach actuators of transmission brakes and clutches. You open the correct one and clutch selecting certain gear engages while other is disengaged at same time. Real black magic is what controls this operation e.g. when to shift.
I've always admired stuff like this , like imagine with summer weather cold weather extreme condition these machines still run ,with good maintenance it will extend it's life
Wow, really stunning. I always thought a computer mechanically changes gears depending on how fast you drive :) I wonder how they seal the whole thing from leaking.
this only disconnects the motor from the transmission all the gear changes happen in the trans its a whole different can of worms. The unit is inside of a case that is pressed together watertight and will have an o ring between the two halves all the moving parts are inside this case.
Yeah gas prices force people to opt for the more economical manual transmission models. Automatics are a little less efficient due to the fluid coupling, even though most modern ones 'lock-up' once you're up to cruising speed.
Tu explicación es totalmente esclarecedora, gracias por mostrarnos tus conocimientos, dedicación y profesionalismo con tanto empeño, un placer ver tus videos educativos, gracias y saludos cordiales.
I have been forced into some auto cars. Some of these cars l really loved, ( Subaru RS 30, Skyline RB25 DET R33 ) but longed for a manual in these cars. The auto destroyed the caracter of these beautiful engines. Never able to use their natural low down torque with out an unnecessary change down, the autos made me sick!
3:43 "Why is this arrangement made more complex than the previous case?" - after the explanation I still don't understand. 4:09 "This means that a bearing has to be used between the turbine and the crank shaft" - but the same applies for the previous case, a bearing could be used to ensure the shafts are coaxial. Or couldn't it? Why would be "very difficult"?
Yes, you could do it in the first case, but a coupling meachanism with bearings on each axis would have to be placed inside the torque corverter, possibly affecting the fluid dynamics. On the second case, the bearings are placed outside the main pump/turbine component.
There needs to be a stationary shaft going from the transmission into the torque converter to support the stator. In the “previous” design this would leave no path for the turbine shaft to reach the transmission input shaft.
Had me worried that you wouldn't mention the lockup clutch for a second there, I guess it didn't need much explanation but that really felt tacked on at the last second like you forgot about it until right before you were done with the rest of the video.
Very clear explanation. Great video for learning about the workings of a torque converter. It should be noted that the reactor is also known as a stator.
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The automatic transmission really is a stunning piece of mechanical art.
Yes that is great comparison. I built them over 35 years average 4 spd transmission has 2000 parts...not sure about post 2006/7....
And now with electronic enhancements. My first car (with auto trans) had three speeds. My latest has ten. Plus, shift points are electronically controlled. If I switch drive mode from, say, Comfort to Sport, it is as if the transmission was swapped out. Could almost say the same for the engine and suspension.
I learned the other day that those giant dump trucks in quarries, aka 'haul trucks' can be driven by automatic transmissions.
yeah, whenever I get the chance to drive an automatic transmission car (They're pretty unpoppular where I live), I spend far more time facinated about how they work than I'd do shifting in my normal car
you mean science?
Without a doubt this was the best, and most clearly presented description of how a torque converter works that I have seen. I teach automotive engineering to young adults and it has always been a difficult task to explain how the Torque converter works. Your video is going to be of immense value. Thank you.
Thats great masha Allah
I totally agree. Excellent video
It's a good visual demonstration, but some things are left pretty vague. For example there's a longer 19 minute video on youtube about torque converters, without visual animations, but the guy explains what the lock up clutch at the end actually does. Here it just vaguely states it's purpose. But what it really does it only activates when the highest gear has been reached, aka cruising speed. At that point you don't need torque converting and the components can spin together without loss of power. But it doesn't function at any gears below top gear and when the car is getting up to speed through the gears.
There were a few other things left kind of vague in this video, but watch that longer one which has about 2-3 million views to get more detailed explanations.
It does make you wonder though if people can come up with complex mechanics like this, why don't we have anti-gravity devices figured out yet ;p
@@journeytosilius1 we do. It's called aviation.
Is the locking mechanism only for efficiency? Or is the energy loss significant enough to nessesitate it? I'm thinking for tractors, military, and other off-road applications far from any sort of workshop: simple is worth a small efficiency loss.
I've had arguments with people on auto transmissions - they just can't fathom a fluid based 'pump' being the core to power transmission in their car. I'm so glad I can just send this video now.
Nice animation and explanation.
Early skid steer loaders only use a converter and no transmission. Machines like my track loader use a torque converter coupled to a manual gear shift transmission.And they can not understand the converter used in there car. A fluid based pump powers all machines built from around 1960.
You might let them know if there transmission in there car will not move in any gear most of the time the converter has failed. Replace it and save a transmission rebuild.
Helps to understand the fluid as well. It is a hydrodlic fluid, meaning it doesn't compress, it also is a lubricant, and a coolant. The fact that it doesn't compress means that when its slung from one side to the other, it is very thick and acts somewhat solid. The more momentum or energy, and amount of fluid being slung at the opposite side, the more pushing power it will have.
Everyone knows what its like to be blasted with high pressure water, now imagine i stead of water its a high pressure liquid that doesn't splatter, mist, or compress under pressure. It acts more solid.
We've come a long way since the caveman days. Here we are explaining the engineering behind a torque converter using 3d computer graphics delivered by high speed internet that's delivered to everyone globally. high fives all around!
You
ok
Turn on any popular news outlet lol.
Dude, english is not my native language...this is amazing!
Counterpoint: when i need to protect myself during a process that shows our mastery and democratization of metallurgy, i wear the skin of a dead animal.
0:36 When you press the brake pedal, you disappear.
LOL
That's why you should always only use the throttle
Yess
this happened to my dad
If you press the brake pedal you go to a different dimension
The “pump” is also known as the impeller, and the “reactor” is also known as the Stator
Oh du,idioto
exactly! also, they have a few things wrong in this video
Thank you. Now it makes more sense to me.
And the fluid is known as burnt toast when the tiniest infraction occurs within.
@@krazi77 the video uses layman's terms for people who arent mechanically inclined
For years, all the explanations I could find skipped over the one-way clutch, but I couldn't see how the converter could work without it; how could you have more torque out than in with no connection to be body of the transmission? Finally, about 15 years ago, I just Googled "torque converter" AND "one way clutch" to find a complete explanation. This animation makes it even easier to understand. Thanks for posting.
How instinctive and well described explanation on the public eye level it is. I can even go so far as to say that the quality of this video must be much more worth than any stuff used in school nowadays and I think we should study and share these well made videos for every child who is living with these technologies. I really hope you to continue this struggle and so appreciate that efforts. I’m gonna support this by any sponsor from now on.
A great video throughout. I especially appreciated the part about the lockup torque converter... when towing I always knew WHEN the torque converter locked up because the RPM would drop slightly without a gear change. Now I know WHY. Thank you!
The lockup clutch is the best thing they've added to automatics. For those who don't know, older automatics in some vehicles did not have a lockup clutch. The converter was a constant slip or steady slip design. Very common in 70's - 90's medium and light duty diesel commercial trucks and buses with Allison automatics for example. What does constant slip feel like? Feels the same way your modern automatic behaves in cold weather when you first drive it while the transmission is cold. It takes about 15-25 minutes of highway driving to warm up the transmission enough to trigger the lockup clutch and when that happens the engine rpms will lower slightly and it will behave like a manual transmission since there is a direct connection between engine and transmission. Older automatics feel like "they're cold" the whole time being driven, constantly slipping and inefficient by comparison.
What is the temperature range you are talking about here?
@@SocialPerspective101 For my 2015 GMC Sierra, about a month ago it got down to 16° F in Houston, TX and exactly what Head Liner is referring to happened. You could feel the torque converter slipping for the first 10 minutes of driving with the extra thick fluid. After that, the transmission fluid warmed up and it locked up normally.
is this the same as "Overdrive" then?
@@SocialPerspective101 it's not necessarily a "temperature range", it's whatever operating temperature the transmission is on take off. If it's not up to a certain temperature it will not lock the torque converter until that temperature is reached. This most often occurs in cold to chilly weather, it can even occur in mild weather too if a vehicle has been sitting for months.
@@bigdukem69 yeap!!!
I am grateful for the geniuses that gave us this mechanical knowledge thoughout history.
But it's WRONG
I believe these are the ones that should run for office.
Engineers you mean
@@edijares1543 waste of their time
If there was a award for the best video explanation in youtube, you guys would win this easily. damn everything gets easier to understand with the help of you guys.
well illustrated.. can't add subtract
Watch that 1953's video explaining how the fluid coupling works.
EXACTLY. The graphics and overview could not possibly be better. A complex system explained so a child could understand without reducing down any aspect.
but same is not true for the automatic transmission explanation. correct me
Papo reto
I always knew these things were witchcraft...
Paul's Garage I still don’t understand this witchcraft
An internal combustion engines car has 2k moving parts, an electric car has 20
Buenas que bueno que esplicaran algo en español gracias.
@@fredmart7130 Do you enjoy subsidizing rich people"s luxury Teslas? But maybe you are one of them and you do not mind.
@@pilattebe I dont care a single bit about that. All I care about is that people who cannot afford luxury cars are robed and the money is handed over to rich people who can afford luxury cars. Buy what ever you want. But you have to do using your own money. This transfer of public money into private pockets has to end now.
The fact that, all the use cases such as slowing down, disconnecting power to transmission, providing torque when needed and not when not needed is all satisfied with this one piece, is unbelievably🤩 amazing
The torque converter was developed by humble engineers at "Sachs" in Germany. They are the ones who should be remembered! They then had to drive around in ordinary cars.
Their ideas had to be converted into solid steel.
They didn't have access to software or 3D design simulation!
Though modifications have been made to the original design, it had to work, more than just spinning around to be put into production.
It multiplys just torque and not riches!
After 30 years of wandering, I finally get a clear explanation.
Martin Godinez hope you didn’t wander too far
Martin Godinez where did you wander at ? I hope it wasn’t cold there !! 🤪😂😁‼️
Yeah this is channel is very clear.
Where did you wander to?
😂😂😂😂
How does anyone ever discover stuff like this? I'd never ever have the idea to use a high-density fluid and 3 rotors to create a component fulfilling this task.
Hannes Winkler drugs ....
actually, that is just engeeneer mentality, at some point someone had a problem, sit on and think about a couple of solutions, pick the best weighting its pros and cons, and either repeat to fix the cons, or leave it to some other mind to come up with a better solution/fix.
no invention came from no where, cars and their components included.
this process takes who knows how long, can take a few hours, can take a lifetime, but in the end it always comes down to someone having a problem, no matter how ridiculous it might be, then sitting a lot and braining out a solution.
Engineering
Smart minds, a lot of time and good drugs ^^
Gatta be obsessed attentive and shmart
I’ve tried to understand how these work for so long with no luck. I’ve watched so many videos that left me still confused. This is the best explanation of how a torque converter works I’ve ever seen! Awesome video
Ha, this reminded me of my buddy's dad explaining this to us with an orange sliced in half 30 years ago.
I'd love to see that
@@billbob8 I have a million little snippets in my head about that guy. He passed away a year ago. I genuinely thank you for bringing him to my memory today. As a token of my appreciation, I'll tell you about the time he came in and asked me "Do you know what the height of conceit is? It's a flea doing the backstroke on the mississippi with a raging hard on screaming 'Raise the drawbridge, raise the drawbridge!'"
@@stickshaker101 lol
I have watched many videos about torque converters, but none compare to this one; thank you so much for posting it. It's priceless!
I thank Prof. John Kelly and Dr. Kyle for their technical inputs to this video. If you like our work, please support us at www.patreon.com/Lesics
Prof. John Kelly's channel - goo.gl/7gpTzF
Dr. Kyle's channel - goo.gl/txDKdK
Learn Engineering
Is the lockup clutch controled by a computer?
WOW, Both my favorite channels, Weberauto from i believe Utah, i attended a school in Clearfield and Kyleengineers is awesome too.
Why can't we just use a clutch pack
can you suggest a perfect book for understanding every aspect of automobile engineering
Yes, it activates the clutch when the speed difference between the turbine and pump lowers below a specified limit.
Best animation on how the fluid flows and howa torque converter works. Thank you very much!! Some people have no idea how to teach and some people don't go step by step 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 all the way to 10, they just skip 1-5 and hope that you understand which screws us up, i had to figure that out on my own in order to understand the turbine and impeller were on different sides and the casing for the TC was what made the oil pump work while the splines of the input shaft went into the turbine side.
Iam a car Technician from South india and currently working in Saudi. Your videos are valuable. Please accept my sincere salute.🙏.
Where in Saudi.Hi from Riyadh
be careful, don't get your head chopped there.
i'm a papadam technician
Show off much?
@@OMGSOMANYSURVEYS And how exactly is he a show off? As far as I can tell, anyone can become a car technician if they wished.
This was brilliant! Finally I understand how it works and what it does in the first place. Even the channel Engineering Explained, although being phenomenal at explaining everything, didn’t get me to understand the mechanics of a torque converter. You guy managed to do it in 8 minutes! Yup. You have a new subscriber. Thank you!
1:15 incredible and fascinating how the torque converter can maintain handling and transferring so much power to the wheels. So incredible how gearing works so smoothly, and all combined can actually handle and displace all of it to the axle and wheels spinning with enough power.
This channel has to be in the top 5 of all time informative explanations on the internet. The Graphics are nothing short of extremely high quality and easy to follow. Well done and keep up the great progress. I remember back when you started out. I still found your videos excellent but now they are of a professional level. Well done from the UK
What are the other 4??
It's incredible that all this technology in cars that we take for granted can be in a crappy beater worth $500 bucks.
As a mechanic, i've always said I find it funny that people get upset when their car doesn't work right. I tell them if you TRULY understood how many complex things have to work correctly, and how many different principles are at work, you'd actually be kind of amazed they ever work right at all...cars are truly one of the most well-sorted and robust things man ever made...
LTR
That just makes Toyota/Lexus even more amazing - complex yet extremely reliable.
I have never owned an automatic, but this is pretty cool. I just like shifting my own gears. I also like V8 or bigger. No, I didn't marry my sister.
You lack some serious comprehension skills, this amazing technology aint worth a dime if the car is a lemon
Transferring energy from an internal combustion engine to the drivetrain is a pain
Great video. I couldn't imagine how trippy this would be if we saw the fluid motion in action via a transparent casing!
Great job explaining. The next step of understanding is fluid velocity around the torus and how torque multiplication decreases (torque ratio) as the impeller and turbine become closer to the same speed (speed ratio).
The fluid flow around the torus donut decreases because the faster the turbine spins the greater its centrifugal pumping force becomes until it nearly equals the pumping force of the impeller. The last little bit of efficiency is achieved with a lock up clutch as you described.
Power absorption, torque multiplication and many other factors have fascinated me most of my adult life.
Lonnie Ralston, The larger the diameter of the turbine used would benefit the transmission torque wise but the correspondingly larger diameter impeller would work against the engine by increasing the lever arm distance resisting the engine as well. Were it not for the super charging effect of the reaction member there would be no torque multiplication only an increase of what is called absorption. The torque multiplication ratio can be altered by changing only the reaction member element of the 3 part torque converter. Increase the reaction members blade angle and you increase torque multiplication. In my industrial experience our converters were usually 2:1 or 3:1 nominally but could be engineered to be more or less.
Absorption is another phenomenon that can be changed largely by discharge diameter and tweaked by number and curvature of the blades.
Absorption limits the amount of torque that can be extracted from an engine at a limited, governed RPM. On a governed engine construction machine this reserves power for other tasks such as hydraulics. Decreasing the discharge diameter of the impeller requires an increased RPM to absorb the same power. That is why you have little driving force at idle and also how they get high stall RPM converters for drag raceing. I think this is an accurate statement, correct me if I'm wrong.
Burt Vincent I’m a torque converter rebuilder with years of experience in road, race & industrial applications. You’re not wrong.....
The best video to explain how the key component: reactor works!
What is truly amazing to me is that with only a fluid as the mechanical connection between the engines crankshaft and the transmissions input shaft you can lift the front wheels of a 2500 or more pound car a
couple feet off the ground at the drag strip.
Was thinking along the same lines it’s crazy to even think it could move at all with no physical connection besides fluid
I understood more from this video than reading an entire chapter in my engineering textbook
Because books dont explain with animations. Truly technology is a marvel
you dont truly learn till you see it, or till you read so much you think the pressure in your brain is gonna crack your skull
I love learning things like this. It was very informative however I would have to watch it more times to fully wrap my head around it but I got the gist of it. So many mechanical innovations are going on simultaneously inside the cars we drive.
As a transmission shop owner I'm glad the algorithm showed me this video. That way whenever a customer that is too......slow to understand when their torque converter is damaged I can just send them this..
After 20yrs I finally found the most clear concise and detailed explanation with animation... awesome...
This is literally insane to me. Humanity really has no limits when it comes to creating & improving things.
"Improving"
Manuals will forever be the best transmission when it comes to properly controlling a vehicle.
The entire automatic transmission in motor vehicles is an excellent example of mechanical engineering and the understanding of fluid dynamics.
Fluid dynamics in general is such an impressive tool, it's crazy to think anything doesn't somehow include some hydraulic processes
@@juhmeldavis4756 Especially in automotive features, an engine operates on the principles of a pressure differential albeit the fluid is a gas instead of a liquid. The water pump, fluid dynamics. Power steering pump, fluid dynamics. Brakes, fluid dynamics, usually vacuum assisted linear pump (the brake pedal is attached to the master cylinder which has a piston inside for pumping the fluid to the brake calipers, which also have pistons) Almost all of it works on pressure differentials and fluid mechanics. Even the crankshaft bearings which have no moving parts except for the oil that is pumped into them. A vehicle usually has about 6 pumps in total, some more some less. Not including the alternator which basically is a pump but the fluid it's pumping are electrons and not a liquid lol Very similar concept in electronic circuits to hydraulic circuits
Amazing quality of content in less than 10 min .masterpiece work
Marvellous.
But it really isn't. There are much better explanations for just about everything that is done on this channel lol
I made a living x25 years working on automatic transmissions. I’m gratified so many people are impressed by these machines/designs.
What is a stall speed torque converter?
@@standhd the stall speed of the torque converter is how much engine rpm the converter will allow before the vehicle must move. If you put the transmission in drive, hold the brakes, apply throttle - the engine rpm will only go to the stall speed. Inside the converter, the way it is built, determines stall speed. Drag racing prefers higher stall speed, for instance, because the engine is allowed to rev to a more powerful speed before load is applied.
@@davidbalentine2110 Oh ok. Thank you for the reply.
Was a mechanic for years put a bunch of these things in never really had a good idea of how these things worked I kind of had a clue but this video showed me
Hello ??, this is the best visual explanation I have ever seen on how torque converters do their magic! I'm 70 and a neighbor of mine back in the 1960s gave me a training manual on the newly introduced Ford C-6 automatic transmission ( I still have it) so I could better understand the trans in my 1966 Cyclone GT. It explained the whole principle of torque converters very well also and I have always understood whats going on ever since I read it. The one thing you did not mention that it talks about is how under high stall conditions the fluid speed gets accelerated in every pass through the pump, turbine, reactor and back to the pump. I have sent msgs to other people, converter mfgs, trans specialists etc asking if they knew how fast, what speed the fluid might attain in a full stall condition. I got reply's back several times but never really an answer to my question, as they said they really didn't know .
Do you have any idea of an answer to this question, do you think it's ever been measured or calculated? I still have a cut open torque converter in my garage attic in case any one I know wants an explanation as to how they do their thing. This whole topic is why I feel in many ways that a torque converter hydraulic automatic trans is better than the dual clutch automatic / manual transmissions that are becoming so popular today.
Sincerely, George
So these accelerated passes with the stall is what helps the torque multiplication right?
Its a nice video. Maybe I'm behind the times but we used different terms in the trans industry. Fluid flywheel should be "fluid coupling". Reactor is generally called a "stator".
Slush box 8)
I’m glad I watched this video. I could probably watch it a hundred more times and I think I still would not understand how it works.
Probably the clearest explanation of a torque converter I’ve seen 👍
I have to say I thought it was gonna be a silly animation but it was extremely well done, kind of detailed too,. I liked it.
Learning this was the highlight of my day. What an amazingly beautiful piece of engineering 👌. I'm absolutely stunned.
If you guys think this is mind blowing, imagine seeing the pages of complex math, fluid mechanics, dynamics calculations that is behind this stuff...that is engineering
So just to clarify for myself, the reactor's job is to help the pump by making sure it receives swirled fluid, and this is done by the one-way clutch. Also, in a way, it is good that the output fluid from the turbine is not swirled, because that means it absorbed most of the swirliness from the pump and converted it to rotation to the transmission. And then that's were the reactor comes in and adds the swirliness back to help the pump.
Wow thanks for the simple and very well done explanation. I somewhat understand how a manual transmission works but the component that turns it "automatic" I was told was so so complicated. This is so simple it could be a kids toy! Thanks so much
Wow! This video made the transmission/gearbox/shifter/torque converter much easier to understand. I can take my time with the video and see how the parts work together. Way cool!
Great video and explanation. It would be interesting to include the differences between a typical converter and a high performance, high stall converter.
I think with the understanding of the core concepts of an everyday automatic transmission torque converter, someone could use that knowledge and do a quick search on the differences, and understand it without difficulty. This video did an amazing job of explaining the core concepts in easy-to-grasp explanations. High performance and high stall wouldn't be sensible for everyday motorists which is why I don't believe it's included in this video.
This video makes one thing VERY clear: I will never understand how these things work. I'm getting close on string theory, but torque converters? Fogettaboutit.
I feel the exact same way.
@@davidjimenez7556 :o)
It’s simple, the Transmission Fluid drives the car. without it, the two Turbines would just spin side by side, think of a desk fan blowing against a stationary fan with no motor, the moving fan will cause the other to spin via the airflow of the blades, it’s the same principle 😁
Great video, very informative! However, I was curious as to whether or not anybody else noticed that the engine shown in this animated BMW was a V6, which is a layout that BMW has never used as they have always exclusively used 6 cylinder engines with an inline layout.
yeah saw that too.
Bmw nerds unite!
This technology, as with so many automotive innovations taken for granted, thanks General Motors.
A beautiful piece of ingenious engineering that once again demonstrates the amazing complexity of internal combustion vehicles, which increases their price and probability of failure. In the future people will not be able to believe that for a century vehicles with 10 times more parts than an EV were used.
In toyota world we call the “Reactor” a Stator and the “pump” a propeller.
I like Toyota. But I wonder why they would call a moving thing a "Stator"...
@@PontiacCZ While the reactor/stator isn't moving in a gas turbine engine, it is performs pretty much the same function by directing the air into the next compressor stage, and that is called stator blades. It may be derived from that. Same task, but slightly different in practical application.
Incredibly good explanation. I never really knew how an automatic transmission worked.
I really enjoy your explanation please keep it up.
forgive my ignorance but i had NO clue this mechanism is this complicated Humans created this damn
Yeah. But it Inst compared to steam Power machines(locomotives) and clockwork machines, in my opinion they are much more complicated.
Obsession, Experience, Time, IQ, Drugs.. idk, I'm a very good aerospace engineer myself but those who invented these kind of things are God-tier.
i always had a basic understanding of how they worked, but seeing it all inside and out really helped bring the magic to life!
The men that come up with these kinds of things are geniuses.
Only video editor person know how hard work and skills needed to make this type of animation.
If you agree leave a like
KH AFTABUDDIN AHMED. Good and unique comment. Sir, you said Exactly.
as a non video editor I do not know. So i cannot agree or disagree.
I totally agree. But check the facts before you chose something as major as an engine to animate :)
this is done by GNU Product Blender not CATIA, Ansys is out of the question here, You no need ANSYS to do this.
Kazi, are u sure it's Product Blender?
THIS VIDEO IS THE ONE THAT HELPED ME!
Another absolutely fantastic video, as always! Thank you, this really helped me understand how a torque converter works.
best video on torque converter 😊 love your videos
I never knew it's an Indian channel, precisely a Keralite.. 😲 Amazing.. Kudos Sabin Mathew.. Really wonderful.
When I was in high school, no one could explain this!
Wow, didn’t realize the fluid is the medium of locomotion.
same aye, real weird.
@@Nightsaberban it odd to get you’re head around all that power is going through the fluid as a big heavy car accelerates away.
Brakes, power steering etc. they all use fluids. For example try to close water in a metal box and squeeze it i believe eventualy the box will crack if you use a press. Trucks use air for automatic gearbox shiftings (clutch and gears), brakes and other components
Fluid dynamics is so cool. It's like a hydrolic driven system because the fluid isnt very compressible, so it's very close to if it were solid parts interacting but smoother.
I always thought the car somehow put itself in neutral when you stopped. Never would have thought of this.
On automatic clutch transmissions like DCT that is what happens.
Some cars actually do it, but not for the reason you were thinking. Putting the trans in N eliminates the drag caused by the slipping torque converter / fluid pumping (the drag is the reason the car creeps when you let off the brake) and decreases fuel consumption while stopped at a light.
Simply brilliant!
I wish I had a hologram picture of a modern car, I could view from any angle...
Your channel is the second best thing.
Awesome explanation. No one could explain so deep and in simplified manner. Hats off.
As someone studying automotive on his own at home. These videos feel like cheat cheats to in class lectures
Look at old 40s and 50s videos. They explain stuff better then this. th-cam.com/video/9G-TL-_0BY4/w-d-xo.html
Yes for real...!.live cheat
With this video, it becomes easy to understand the complex mechanic principle ! thankyou!
The VALVE BODY...
of a Transmission.... How it works???
Next lesson ....
Please!!!!
you mean the duonic gearbox?
it's a combination of black magic and alien technology from the UFO that crashed at Roswell in the 50's.
When a valve opens or closes it engages or engages a brake on one part of the planetary gearset. For instance brake the outer hub and you have the gear ratio between the shaft and planetary carrier, brake the carrier and you have the gear ratio between the shaft and hub.
Old transmissions used pressure differentials caused by the increase in speed to open and close the valves, modern transmissions are all electronic.
Aliens fly millions of light years to get here...and CRASH?! I wouldn't use their transmission lol.
It is jut sets of valves allowing hydraulic fluid to reach actuators of transmission brakes and clutches. You open the correct one and clutch selecting certain gear engages while other is disengaged at same time. Real black magic is what controls this operation e.g. when to shift.
A Picture is WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS !!!thanks for SHARING!!
I've always admired stuff like this , like imagine with summer weather cold weather extreme condition these machines still run ,with good maintenance it will extend it's life
Wow, really stunning. I always thought a computer mechanically changes gears depending on how fast you drive :) I wonder how they seal the whole thing from leaking.
this only disconnects the motor from the transmission all the gear changes happen in the trans its a whole different can of worms. The unit is inside of a case that is pressed together watertight and will have an o ring between the two halves all the moving parts are inside this case.
That is how Automated mechanical transmissions (AMTs) work.
@@nuclearbwl so how does the gear change happen in automatic transmissions?
I came here to learn what da hell Water Jet Channel just took an hour to cut in half.
This is what our world has become....
Same here!
Exactly the same here haha
I wonder if that v6 BMW is the fabled beamer with the working turn signals.
*top 10 mysteries scientists can't solve*
@@yung_drakoo3605 BMW have messed with a number of V6's and so maybe the car in the video is a development mule.
Was gonna say I thought it was weird that a BMW had a V6, seeing as all BMW 6 bangers are straight 6s.
Best video on this topic... Great work
I was starting to think I was smart and then i ran across this. Thanks for the dose of humility. 😊
this is so fking genius
No one bmw has a v6 only the i6 ps good video bro😂❤️
Nah it's Mercedes V6 swapped Z4
"Most of us enjoy the smooth and effortless feeling of driving in an automatic transmission car"
Most of Europe and Russia would say otherwise.
in mother Russia car no drive you, YOU DRIVE CAR!
Nope. Europe has automatic in most cars.
Yeah gas prices force people to opt for the more economical manual transmission models. Automatics are a little less efficient due to the fluid coupling, even though most modern ones 'lock-up' once you're up to cruising speed.
AT gear box is the most sophisticated part in the car. This video is so good! Thank U all!
Best automatic transmission video I've seen to date. Well done
0:05 Is that a midget? He is so small. Best videos I've found on explaining this stuff, wonderful graphics! Fix the people!
Yes it is a 5'11 midget. They are allowed to drive.
this explains Koenigsegg's single gear transmission in regara
This are the works of real engineer, from imagination, problem solving to the real things...
Tu explicación es totalmente esclarecedora, gracias por mostrarnos tus conocimientos, dedicación y profesionalismo con tanto empeño, un placer ver tus videos educativos, gracias y saludos cordiales.
Roses are red, violets are blue. The video is in English, your comment should be too.
Thank you for explaining the operation of a torque converter correctly. There is much mis information on this topic on the internet.
Insert "This is real clever but I would like to let everyone know I'll stick to my manual; therefore I am a superior being" comment here
yay, I'm superior
Lol, all hail the power of the third peddle. The chosen one, he the user of two feet and one hand shall be looked up to, glory to his house.
Automobiles might be more affordable if unnecessarily complicated components were replaced with less convenient but simpler ones.
I have been forced into some auto cars. Some of these cars l really loved, ( Subaru RS 30, Skyline RB25 DET R33 ) but longed for a manual in these cars. The auto destroyed the caracter of these beautiful engines. Never able to use their natural low down torque with out an unnecessary change down, the autos made me sick!
Manual master race. Not having to worry about your transmission shitting the bed and leaving you stranded is a great feeling.
I tried telling my friends that its just fluid that couples the engine and drive shaft in a automatic transmission and they dont believe me.
Your project is awesome! But both the pump and the turbine must rotate in the opposite direction to operate the shown way (5:45), mustn't they?
The explanation of the stator was insanely well put together.
Thank you for posting, I feel like I have a greater understanding on what a torque converter actually does.
3:43 "Why is this arrangement made more complex than the previous case?" - after the explanation I still don't understand.
4:09 "This means that a bearing has to be used between the turbine and the crank shaft" - but the same applies for the previous case, a bearing could be used to ensure the shafts are coaxial. Or couldn't it? Why would be "very difficult"?
Yes, you could do it in the first case, but a coupling meachanism with bearings on each axis would have to be placed inside the torque corverter, possibly affecting the fluid dynamics. On the second case, the bearings are placed outside the main pump/turbine component.
There needs to be a stationary shaft going from the transmission into the torque converter to support the stator. In the “previous” design this would leave no path for the turbine shaft to reach the transmission input shaft.
Had me worried that you wouldn't mention the lockup clutch for a second there, I guess it didn't need much explanation but that really felt tacked on at the last second like you forgot about it until right before you were done with the rest of the video.
0:00 70% of the world's drivers going, "Ewww, right hand drive." Great video though!
torque converter is one of the most amazing mechanical devices out there, whoever invented this is a genious
It was a German, of course. Lol
Very clear explanation. Great video for learning about the workings of a torque converter. It should be noted that the reactor is also known as a stator.