Kurzgesagt has the aspiration to be educational in a scientifically correct sense, not just entertainment. They do an TON of research and consult experts and scientists to fact check and make sure, that what they are showing represents the Consensus of the scientific community at this point of time. They don't just stumble upon some academic papers and make a video out of it.
Indeed - something like 1,000+ hours of effort goes into a single video, and quite a bit of that is research. They also publish a sources doc for each video that lays out where they got their data so it's easy for an expert to validate or even offer corrections, which they _also_ do videos on when new info comes to light. Kurzgesagt may well be the best effort happening right now when it comes to bringing advanced science to the layperson.
@@warpedwhimsical Also this, yes - science is not exact until it is, by which I mean that nothing we know about any one thing is set in stone until noting more can be learned from that one thing, and this state of all-knowing about any one thing is pretty much guaranteed to _never_ occur. Even Einstein famously quipped that his own understanding of how the universe works could be upset or invalidated by later discoveries. Kurzgesagt have not been afraid to course-correct or even take down videos when new information comes to light, which is the noblest move possible for anyone seeking to expend human knowledge: admit to and correct mistakes and inaccuracies instead of hide from or evade them.
Kurzgesagt often does actually consult with experts in whatever field they're doing a video on, so it wouldn't surprise me if they actually sent the script to someone to verify it was as close as possible, while still being concise.
and they also often put a disclaimer that their explanation will be oversimplified maybe to squeeze the video length or to make it easier for general audiences to follow so yeah, that could also contribute to the different terms used
very true, they are basically going back and fourth probably a dozen times for months with experts just to keep the script accurate without oversimplification
it's not just one guy btw, that's just the narrator, there's a whole team behind kurzgesagt, and corsica is where napoleon was from, also why wouldn't primordial blackholes be the oldest things in the universe?
@@JonnyQuest64 Well no actually since these black holes would have been made before the universe had cooled sufficiently to allow stars or even atoms to exist, they would likely have either been kugel blitz, black holes entirely made out of energy, or just made out of quarks and stuff. Black holes that formed out of stars collapsing, is one of the only ways it happens in todays universe, but it probably wasn't always like that. Of course this is all just theory and speculation, since we can't just go back and see what it was like. Also please correct me if I got anything wrong, as I'm not an expert.
@@sgbench plus all those other things that formed would be gone by now so yea these blackholes would be the oldest things in the current universe without going into quantum mechanics and particles.
Kurzgesagt made a video about how they make their videos. They do in fact, actually contact experts in the field while doing their own research, and then fact-checking said research with even more experts. They say that it takes a video over 1k hours to create (supposedly).
@@WorldKeepsSpinnin Animation + all of the research involved makes it believable. Not to mention that they do in fact make their own calculations from time to time in certain topics. Keep in mind that 1k hours most likely doesn't mean 1k consecutive hours, but 1k hours in total spread between all of their staff.
@@melanch0lycat5393 Yeah its not that unbelievable. Lets say they have a team of ten people. Then its like 100 hours per person. If they count the time of experts involved, it could be less than 100.
@@WorldKeepsSpinnin Thats not really unbelievable. It would be, if Kurzgesagt were some normal content creator who has maybe 1-2 people working for them. But Kurzgesagt is a state funded youtube channel and not some small indie youtuber.
4:48 - 'If they exist' is a simplified way of saying 'theoretical', just not with language that potentially obfuscates meaning through lack of educational accessibility, which is a strong conceptual theme of the Kurzgesagt Channel; explaining complex scientific ideas both visually and through narrative monologue in as simple terms as possible to allow the greatest profusion of information to the largest potential audience. A principle that I would think would be evident in the very cartoony visuals, which include frequent small appealing animal characters in humorous juxtapositions interwoven into the presentation. There are any number of 'hard science' channels with 'professor expert' talking heads hovering between intricate indecipherable concise diagrammatic representations of conceptual theories. Kurgesagt is deliberately not one of those, while still intending to offer the core information of those other channels. Something I feel you might have misunderstood in your critique of it's linguistic accuracy. Ditto with your comment about shrinking the earth down to a peanut, making it a black hole. Missed opportunity? No, because that's an aside that potentially requires explaining to the viewer why taking the mass of our planet and shrinking it down to that size creates a black hole instead of just a really small version of our planet, this is something that was already clearly specified as being an aside they weren't going to talk about, having been dealt with in previous videos.
I've always liked the theory that black holes were actually Planck stars instead of singularities. The idea that they collapse until they hit a maximum density pressure and rebound like rubber bands always intrigued me. The fact we haven't observed any is due to extreme time dilation effects.
Singularity implies 0 volume. 0 volume means infinite gravitational pull. Infinite gravitational pull means universe ceases to exist in an instant. I think black holes have their own mass and volume.
I love these react videos, it's great to hear more perspectives and information on physics. I really think you should continue doing these, and making these better. Highly recommend just watching the video without recording your screen and later editing in the youtube video, or buying a capture card that can do that the screen recording so that it doesn't stress your pc and the recordings don't lag.
15:34 yeah, dark matter is likely the reason why galaxies are held together. Take the Triangulum Galaxy for example; it has no known supermassive black hole at the center
I think it's unlikely the Black Holes consume a lot of dark matter (if any), due to the same reason why it has it's properties: it being unable to lose energy through electromagnetic radiation means it's orbit can't really significantly decay.
Great video! I've always wondered if time was also compressed at the start of the universe. At around 19:15 you mentioned that it doesn't seem like early massive black holes could have had the time to form, but what if they did? My crackpot idea is that at the very beginning of the universe, black holes had subjective eternities to consume matter / energy. As they did, spacetime began to expand, faster and faster, as things like gravity (and who knows what else) could no longer keep the universe compressed.
if you claim to be an expert in this field, you can explain the points that have been explained in simple terms in more detail instead of framing it in a way that your debunking their whole research.
I can imagine a scenario in which these ultramassive black holes simply formed from the collapse of large swaths of gas in the very early years after the big bang. If one little area started to collapse for whatever reason, it would absorb massive quantities of gas and energy. It's not from stars collapsing, or black holes merging... just insanely dense gas from the very early universe.
Dark matter interacts with gravity, so I can't think of a good reason why black holes wouldn't eat dark matter. After all, if gravity locks them in halos around galaxies, they follow the path of curved space time, so if that path intersected with an event horizon, it would fall in.
But most of our universe is made up of that mysterious "dark matter" that we dont know what is. But if black holes eat dark matter, of which there is so much, why do the black holes not grow faster then?
@@CrazyGaming-ig6qq Its more about context of what "a lot more" is. There stars/planets make up about 0.4% of the mass in the universe, gas and dust take up 22% and dark matter takes up the rest. But you seen how thin it is across the universe total so its hard to visualize there being over 50x more gast/dust than there are stars. Same goes for dark matter, its spread out everywhere and around galaxies, but take out solar system for instance, if you took all the dark matter thats in our solar system, and combine it somehow, it would only be about the mass of an asteroid. That is not a lot by any stretch of the imagination, but imagine that density across the entire galaxy and the halo around the galaxy (which has many many more times the volume) it actually makes it more massive than the galaxy is in and surrounds.
The mass of TON 618's black hole was based from a paper way back in 2004, with the value itself being based from a reading of the emission line dating back to 1978. Its mass is very uncertain. It is just an indirect calculation based on how fast the accretion disc rotates, which would leave an H-beta signature of light.
About your question on black holes eating dark matter - I have my own theory on this. They actually emit dark matter. Dark matter, I postulate, is a thin haze of subatomic antiparticles. We assume antimatter has positive mass, but I find it more logically consistent to assume that antimatter has negative mass (and the universe has net zero mass), and so when pair of virtual particles occur, the matter particle is absorbed by the black hole, and the antiparticle is expelled from the black hole as hawking radiation. (its weird that we assume hawking radiation is mostly positive mass leaving the black hole) Over time, the antimatter haze, attracted to itself and repelled by the matter, form a bubble around galaxies, that 'dark matter halo', and that bubble of negative mass raises the relative mass of the galaxy that it envelops. Additionally, dark energy and universal expansion should be the result of a universe-mass antimatter singularity propelling all the matter in the universe away from it, all the while emitting a steady stream of its own positive mass hawking radiation. the common argument against negative mass antimatter is that forces acting on antimatter are reversed, according to F=MA but that is easily fixed like so: F=|M|A
I think it's worth clarifying you mean negative gravitational mass, since antimatter is known to have positive inertial mass (as you mentioned yourself), and it has a positive mass-energy as well. Also, I think you're mixing up dark matter with dark energy. Dark energy could potentially be solved by something with negative gravitational mass; dark matter requires a positive gravitational mass.
This is interesting if you're referring to negative gravitational mass. However, why would we assume the universe has net zero mass? this isn't really a matter of logic, since it can only be deduced with evidence.
@@IamGrimalkin a bubble of negative gravitational mass around a galaxy would squeeze it in a somewhat similar way to the effect of positive mass within the galaxy.
@@creativebeetle because matter cannot be created or destroyed, and so there should be as much antimatter as matter in the universe. Plus, a zero mass universe would expand easily, and we do know we are expanding
Kurzgesagt does go super in depth with their research. You should watch the video that explains how they make their videos. They easily spend thousands of man hours on each video
also important to note black holes get less dense as they grow. is it possible for a black hole to be as dense as air? or even as dense as our universe meaning we're inside one?
A theory for why there's no intermediate mass black holes is that when a black hole reaches more than a 150000 solar masses it is gravitationally drawn to the center of the Galaxy almost like water is drawn to a drain and it just becomes part of the supermassive black hole. And this theory is basically predicated on the idea that an object of that mass would potentially just fall into the supermassive black hole at a much quicker rate than is it then the smaller ones that are more so caught in a gravitational orbit. Though it could also be simply that we haven't discovered any yet better of that size.
Blackhole are so small for the density they pack in, they remind me of the underdogs in sports, small, almost insignificant, but they'll end up swallowing you just the same without having a second thought about it, maybe a burp... but who knows?
So to explain it in terms for the modern youth, black holes exist on s scale of "heh, shrimp" to "damn, boi! he thicc!", but then there's also a big jump up to the "aww hell naw!" sizes.
a black hole isnt a hole at all. its just a really dark, really dense ball of mass. its called a black hole because no light can escape its gravity, thus making it dark, and whatever falls into it cant escape once it passes the event horizon, thus being called a hole
Also, your recording seems "laggy" based on your resolution you are watching the video, (which I presume, is set or automatic adjustment of the quality of the video) your computer RAM is probably pretty full/too much stuff is running on your computer, or your hard-drive, is almost full, or your Internet connection, is not stable, or poor. Just something I wanted to pointed out for purpose of helping out, of solving your issue. Of course I may not know in what circumstances you are recording, so I can't know if this change, even with my advice would be possible.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 well he could write email to their channel asking for permission to watch it and upload it, for purpose of giving further insights, from his expertise.
Just stumbled upon this video and channel, I’ve been watching and supporting Kurzgesagt for several years now. If you want people to take you seriously and actually believe what you are saying, don’t assume 1) it’s just one guy and 2) that you know more than "him" and start ‘correcting’ basically everything in their video. As a PHD Candidate you should know that research is important, you would’ve realized so much about the channel if you would’ve bothered to read the video description where they link all their supporting research (hundreds\thousands of hours for one video - compromising content or detail sometimes so that it’s easily understandable), seen the source biography on their videos as they are talking about a subject as well as realized that they actually consult with established professionals in that field, not PHD candidates that currently only hold a bachelors -or equivalent-. Physics is ever changing and what we think we know today might result isn’t what we thought tomorrow. At 7:30 I stopped watching because your unprofessionalism makes me not trust you; why should we believe you, a student who doesn’t support anything he says by research apart from your word (and clearly had no idea what channel/video he was reacting to /watching), as opposed to a group of graduated scientists that consult with other scientists and actually do research before posting a video. I know this is a harsh comment but I hope you take something from this as not only did you miss out on a potential viewer/subscriber but you pissed me off enough to make me write a comment (how many others turned away from your video bc of this? Just look at how many comments are about Kurzgesagt being professional) food for thought mate
There is a very evident gap in black hole mass between stellar and supermassive blackholes. Even if we discover one tomorrow, that gap won’t disappear. We’ve discovered plenty of stellar and supermassive blackholes but little to no intermediate mass blackholes. That’s not just random chance. We don’t know why they’re so rare. It likely isn’t just a case of “we just haven’t discovered them yet”.
In my opinion Black Holes are in the middle of galaxies because its the most dense object in that region (like the core in the sun), it has to do something with gravity but i think the formation of it.
The only reason I could think that ultramassive black holes existed in the early universe, is somehow tied to the fact that heavy elements didn't exist then. I'm sure atomic density can show how you can fit more hydrogen into a given volume than say oxygen. Or I could be way off, just churning the thought bubble.
Have physicists ever wondered if we are limited in our observations of the universe because the only way we can observe it is through various waves? Is there a chance for a different way of observing the universe? One we havent thought of?
If a black hole has an event horizon of just a baseball, wouldn't it be explosively radiating from Hawking radiation, and disappear in less than a second?
My understanding is: whether there is a solid mass made out of particles or a singularity beyond the event horizon: black holes behave, essentially, as if they are the either/or.
8:55 okay theoretical question. Would a black hole (without a quasar) actually cast a shadow? Wouldn't light bend around it and everything would still be lit? Maybe more like a gradient
As they say that the black hole would be large enough to cast a shadow over Corsica... what would that shadow look like, given it's just standing there in the sky?
Not necessarily. If our blackhole isn’t accreting anything, it wouldn’t have an accretion disk. And supermassive blackholes aren’t necessarily always accreting anything. Or enough stuff to form a disk.
The black hole is a portal man it’s that simple , like they said, “ like a water drain” it’s sucks the energy from stars like a dysonsphere to stay active .
My idea so I get to name it! Voyager 1 is now in interstellar time! (Mikey's Time) Think of it like Alvin and the chipmunks. "Vyger's" message is fine. It's just sped up now that it's outside our suns time bubble or "Terran Time." It would be faster still if "Vyger" sent a message from beyond the Milky Way's time bubble. That name is still up for grabs. Outside the Local Group time is open, too. Now that "Vyger" is in interstellar space, it's also in the Milky Way's STANDARD, faster moving, interstellar time or "Mikey's Time." •Our sun's time bubble: "Terran Time" we know and have measured. •Milky Way's time bubble or "Mikey's Time." The rate/flow of TIME outside any influence but within the Milky Way: We just got there and are still figuring. Wild guess I'd say time will increase in speed, now and until Vyger is outside the Ort cloud .007-.07% faster, maybe. Just for reference. •Local Group's time bubble or the rate/flow of time outside of any influence but within the Local Group: Name still open and unknown. Wild guess .08% to a couple seconds faster, maybe. Used just for reference. •Outside any influence in the, "True Interstellar Time Standard." Name up for grabs and just begging to be measured. Surfing time here is SO choice though it's best to have your motor boat. ;-P A minute is a minute in all. It's the rate/flow I'm talking about. Pass it on, please and thank you.
That almost broke my brain, the only reason it didn't is because I have a fail safe, my tiny human brain. Can you do a video on the double slit experiment and its implications?
this universe is just so scary to comprehend, like i couldn’t even imagine what is actually out there beyond our observable universe, if we could possibly reach the singularity of a black hole, if wormholes exist, could we fold space and travel ftl, so many questions that deserve answers.
I wonder why they used the "ultra" prefix instead of "hyper". Because the grade above a supernova is a hypernova, so I'd expect the grade above a supermassive black hole to be called a hypermassive black hole. But they went with ultramassive black hole instead.
Someone give it a name and it has stuck around. Science is littered with obsolete designations that no one can be bothered to get rid of. -All nobel gasses have _"on"_ as a suffix, except helium. When it was discovered in solar spectra, it was assumed to be a metal. -Planetary nebulae have nothing to do with planets. The first crude telescopes gave them a _barely_ passing resemblance to planets and the name has simply stuck around.
12:30 : "Everything in the Universe before was a lot dense" Helium: "Hydrogen-kun I like you!" Hydrogen: "I like you too friend!" Helium: "No, I meant like like you!" Hydrogen: "Me too friend! We're best buds 4ever!" Helium: 👁️👄👁️
5:30 - "Black holes might not be what we think they are..." I'm not sure where you are going with this. There are a lot of unanswered questions about the nature of black holes, or for that matter about almost all of the universe. Things we still don't understand and don't have an answer for, however the predictable essence of what a black hole is, as a singularity of extreme density is pretty well established. The questions we have about them isn't about what they inherently are, it's about how the rest of the universe as we understand it interacts with and is affected by them. We understood and predicted the presence of black holes through theory long before we actually had the opportunity to observe one, but those theories accurately predicted not only what we would see if we found one, but also the most likely places to find them.
I hope you really take your time and scroll down reading all the comments above... or below and take some notes YOU REALLY NEED TO HEAR... then.. i strongly recommend you to watch the "we'll do it again video" .
I have a question Dylan, in your opinion, what do you think lies at the singularity point? As a professional I would love to hear what you think. And do you believe that ftl through bending spacetime is a theoretical possibility? Or are we doomed to remain stuck in our own system?
are black holes able to eat dark matter too? (if they are not themself dark matter?) and if so is it possible that at a specific or critical mass point they are able to eat dark matter that is in huge quantity in our universe to become ultra massive sized? i wish to be alive the day we can finally explain everything behind black holes mechanics...
I’m guessing you mean the light around the black hole? The gas is just far enough away where the light can reach us. The light that was affected is the light that falls in the black hole.
Afaik, Kurzgesagt is a german group doing these videos, usually in german first, and then translate it into different languages & the different channels.
If there wasn't enough time for these blackholes to form, what enough space? If you put a whole bunch of blackholes with each other, would a massive one form quickly?
I think once we finally understand what Dark Matter is and what it does, we'll be able to peek inside a black hole and know how these two things interact and make a lot of stuff work. I hope this happens in our lifetime!
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How though 🤔
@@kingwesleyXIV it doesn't let it get destroyed by death of neutron star
Kurzgesagt has the aspiration to be educational in a scientifically correct sense, not just entertainment. They do an TON of research and consult experts and scientists to fact check and make sure, that what they are showing represents the Consensus of the scientific community at this point of time. They don't just stumble upon some academic papers and make a video out of it.
Indeed - something like 1,000+ hours of effort goes into a single video, and quite a bit of that is research. They also publish a sources doc for each video that lays out where they got their data so it's easy for an expert to validate or even offer corrections, which they _also_ do videos on when new info comes to light.
Kurzgesagt may well be the best effort happening right now when it comes to bringing advanced science to the layperson.
Haha yeah, a "TON." I see what you did there
Nah their channel sucks
They also freely admit when something they said in the past was wrong or misleading
@@warpedwhimsical Also this, yes - science is not exact until it is, by which I mean that nothing we know about any one thing is set in stone until noting more can be learned from that one thing, and this state of all-knowing about any one thing is pretty much guaranteed to _never_ occur. Even Einstein famously quipped that his own understanding of how the universe works could be upset or invalidated by later discoveries.
Kurzgesagt have not been afraid to course-correct or even take down videos when new information comes to light, which is the noblest move possible for anyone seeking to expend human knowledge: admit to and correct mistakes and inaccuracies instead of hide from or evade them.
Kurzgesagt often does actually consult with experts in whatever field they're doing a video on, so it wouldn't surprise me if they actually sent the script to someone to verify it was as close as possible, while still being concise.
They do send them to experts for verification
and they also often put a disclaimer that their explanation will be oversimplified
maybe to squeeze the video length or to make it easier for general audiences to follow
so yeah, that could also contribute to the different terms used
From what I've read, the average Kurtzgesagt video takes ~4 months to create. Lots of time to konsult experts.
That's probably why Dylan generally agrees with Kurzgesagt. Let's not forget that he himself studies to become an expert.
very true, they are basically going back and fourth probably a dozen times for months with experts just to keep the script accurate without oversimplification
it's not just one guy btw, that's just the narrator, there's a whole team behind kurzgesagt, and corsica is where napoleon was from, also why wouldn't primordial blackholes be the oldest things in the universe?
How are black holes formed generally in space? That's your answer...obviously the star etc would be older...no?
@@JonnyQuest64 Well no actually since these black holes would have been made before the universe had cooled sufficiently to allow stars or even atoms to exist, they would likely have either been kugel blitz, black holes entirely made out of energy, or just made out of quarks and stuff. Black holes that formed out of stars collapsing, is one of the only ways it happens in todays universe, but it probably wasn't always like that. Of course this is all just theory and speculation, since we can't just go back and see what it was like. Also please correct me if I got anything wrong, as I'm not an expert.
He's probably talking about quarks, gluons, dark matter, energy, and all the other subatomic particles that make up atoms, and stuff.
@@JonnyQuest64 _Primordial_ black holes formed before stars, or at the same time as the first stars.
@@sgbench plus all those other things that formed would be gone by now so yea these blackholes would be the oldest things in the current universe without going into quantum mechanics and particles.
Kurzgesagt made a video about how they make their videos.
They do in fact, actually contact experts in the field while doing their own research, and then fact-checking said research with even more experts. They say that it takes a video over 1k hours to create (supposedly).
Yea and that’s bs lol 1k hours for one video on fairly known topics is a pretty funny joke
@@WorldKeepsSpinnin Animation + all of the research involved makes it believable. Not to mention that they do in fact make their own calculations from time to time in certain topics.
Keep in mind that 1k hours most likely doesn't mean 1k consecutive hours, but 1k hours in total spread between all of their staff.
@@melanch0lycat5393 Yeah its not that unbelievable. Lets say they have a team of ten people. Then its like 100 hours per person. If they count the time of experts involved, it could be less than 100.
@@WorldKeepsSpinnin Thats not really unbelievable. It would be, if Kurzgesagt were some normal content creator who has maybe 1-2 people working for them. But Kurzgesagt is a state funded youtube channel and not some small indie youtuber.
I'd take these guys more seriously, cause they really do that research and asking experts.
Thousands of hours in each video and I think about 150 employees on his team.
4:48 - 'If they exist' is a simplified way of saying 'theoretical', just not with language that potentially obfuscates meaning through lack of educational accessibility, which is a strong conceptual theme of the Kurzgesagt Channel; explaining complex scientific ideas both visually and through narrative monologue in as simple terms as possible to allow the greatest profusion of information to the largest potential audience. A principle that I would think would be evident in the very cartoony visuals, which include frequent small appealing animal characters in humorous juxtapositions interwoven into the presentation.
There are any number of 'hard science' channels with 'professor expert' talking heads hovering between intricate indecipherable concise diagrammatic representations of conceptual theories. Kurgesagt is deliberately not one of those, while still intending to offer the core information of those other channels. Something I feel you might have misunderstood in your critique of it's linguistic accuracy.
Ditto with your comment about shrinking the earth down to a peanut, making it a black hole. Missed opportunity? No, because that's an aside that potentially requires explaining to the viewer why taking the mass of our planet and shrinking it down to that size creates a black hole instead of just a really small version of our planet, this is something that was already clearly specified as being an aside they weren't going to talk about, having been dealt with in previous videos.
amazing. everything you just said is right
I may have had to read this is a few times to understand all of it but you are definitely right.
@@Gargsco05 - I'm not sure I've made it simpler, but I did replace an incorrect word and clean up the structure a little. Thanks!
You should definitely watch their "we'll do it again video"... it is specifically about scientific communication and their approach to it.
yep
Yes
Yep
I've always liked the theory that black holes were actually Planck stars instead of singularities. The idea that they collapse until they hit a maximum density pressure and rebound like rubber bands always intrigued me. The fact we haven't observed any is due to extreme time dilation effects.
Singularity implies 0 volume. 0 volume means infinite gravitational pull. Infinite gravitational pull means universe ceases to exist in an instant. I think black holes have their own mass and volume.
I love these react videos, it's great to hear more perspectives and information on physics. I really think you should continue doing these, and making these better. Highly recommend just watching the video without recording your screen and later editing in the youtube video, or buying a capture card that can do that the screen recording so that it doesn't stress your pc and the recordings don't lag.
I think science communication is probably one of the best ways to hopefully snuff out the flat earth nonsense eventually.
Hey Dylan, I just found your channel and can I say that you are severely underrated and I enjoy your videos a lot! Keep doing the great work
15:34 yeah, dark matter is likely the reason why galaxies are held together. Take the Triangulum Galaxy for example; it has no known supermassive black hole at the center
So let me get this straight - the fabric of space time has...fuzzballs.
Yeah, ok. Makes sense.
Cant wait for James Webb to get a better view in the black hole that we saw with Hubble
I've always wanted a professional's perspective on Kurzgesagt's videos, keep it up!
Then keep looking
Indeed
Kurzgesagt always have a team of scientists that they consult on every video - they pretty much represent the professional perspective already!
@@Anonymous247n i meant to show more appreciation rather than validation.
Recently found your channel and I just wanna say I love your content
I think it's unlikely the Black Holes consume a lot of dark matter (if any), due to the same reason why it has it's properties: it being unable to lose energy through electromagnetic radiation means it's orbit can't really significantly decay.
Video idea...
Your thoughts on what we may learn and see with the James Webb Telescope
Great video! I've always wondered if time was also compressed at the start of the universe. At around 19:15 you mentioned that it doesn't seem like early massive black holes could have had the time to form, but what if they did? My crackpot idea is that at the very beginning of the universe, black holes had subjective eternities to consume matter / energy. As they did, spacetime began to expand, faster and faster, as things like gravity (and who knows what else) could no longer keep the universe compressed.
ooooh that makes sense!
Love Kurzgesagt videos, nice to see a reaction.
if you claim to be an expert in this field, you can explain the points that have been explained in simple terms in more detail
instead of framing it in a way that your debunking their whole research.
I can imagine a scenario in which these ultramassive black holes simply formed from the collapse of large swaths of gas in the very early years after the big bang.
If one little area started to collapse for whatever reason, it would absorb massive quantities of gas and energy. It's not from stars collapsing, or black holes merging... just insanely dense gas from the very early universe.
Dark matter interacts with gravity, so I can't think of a good reason why black holes wouldn't eat dark matter.
After all, if gravity locks them in halos around galaxies, they follow the path of curved space time, so if that path intersected with an event horizon, it would fall in.
But most of our universe is made up of that mysterious "dark matter" that we dont know what is. But if black holes eat dark matter, of which there is so much, why do the black holes not grow faster then?
@@CrazyGaming-ig6qq Its more about context of what "a lot more" is. There stars/planets make up about 0.4% of the mass in the universe, gas and dust take up 22% and dark matter takes up the rest. But you seen how thin it is across the universe total so its hard to visualize there being over 50x more gast/dust than there are stars. Same goes for dark matter, its spread out everywhere and around galaxies, but take out solar system for instance, if you took all the dark matter thats in our solar system, and combine it somehow, it would only be about the mass of an asteroid. That is not a lot by any stretch of the imagination, but imagine that density across the entire galaxy and the halo around the galaxy (which has many many more times the volume) it actually makes it more massive than the galaxy is in and surrounds.
@@SeraphRyan ah I get that, great explanation. This invalidates my point and rightly so. Thanks :)
The mass of TON 618's black hole was based from a paper way back in 2004, with the value itself being based from a reading of the emission line dating back to 1978.
Its mass is very uncertain. It is just an indirect calculation based on how fast the accretion disc rotates, which would leave an H-beta signature of light.
About your question on black holes eating dark matter - I have my own theory on this.
They actually emit dark matter.
Dark matter, I postulate, is a thin haze of subatomic antiparticles.
We assume antimatter has positive mass, but I find it more logically consistent to assume that antimatter has negative mass (and the universe has net zero mass), and so when pair of virtual particles occur, the matter particle is absorbed by the black hole, and the antiparticle is expelled from the black hole as hawking radiation. (its weird that we assume hawking radiation is mostly positive mass leaving the black hole)
Over time, the antimatter haze, attracted to itself and repelled by the matter, form a bubble around galaxies, that 'dark matter halo', and that bubble of negative mass raises the relative mass of the galaxy that it envelops.
Additionally, dark energy and universal expansion should be the result of a universe-mass antimatter singularity propelling all the matter in the universe away from it, all the while emitting a steady stream of its own positive mass hawking radiation.
the common argument against negative mass antimatter is that forces acting on antimatter are reversed, according to F=MA but that is easily fixed like so: F=|M|A
I think it's worth clarifying you mean negative gravitational mass, since antimatter is known to have positive inertial mass (as you mentioned yourself), and it has a positive mass-energy as well.
Also, I think you're mixing up dark matter with dark energy.
Dark energy could potentially be solved by something with negative gravitational mass; dark matter requires a positive gravitational mass.
This is interesting if you're referring to negative gravitational mass.
However, why would we assume the universe has net zero mass? this isn't really a matter of logic, since it can only be deduced with evidence.
@@IamGrimalkin a bubble of negative gravitational mass around a galaxy would squeeze it in a somewhat similar way to the effect of positive mass within the galaxy.
@@creativebeetle because matter cannot be created or destroyed, and so there should be as much antimatter as matter in the universe.
Plus, a zero mass universe would expand easily, and we do know we are expanding
I like your opinions on these videos! Keep it up!
Kurzgesagt does go super in depth with their research. You should watch the video that explains how they make their videos. They easily spend thousands of man hours on each video
So random fun fact: The date on your computer is almost a month ahead of the actual date.
the colour difference on the supermassive black holes is a visual que to diffrentiate between black holes
Black holes are just too fascinating, probably my favorite topic
also important to note black holes get less dense as they grow. is it possible for a black hole to be as dense as air?
or even as dense as our universe meaning we're inside one?
barely found your channel.. 🧐 time to watch the backlog of videos i missed after this one
23:15 i wonder if that was actually meant as a reference to the fuzzballs you mentioned earlier
Kurzgesagt actually consults many many experts before saying any kind of claim. i cannot think of a single object older than a primordial black hole.
A theory for why there's no intermediate mass black holes is that when a black hole reaches more than a 150000 solar masses it is gravitationally drawn to the center of the Galaxy almost like water is drawn to a drain and it just becomes part of the supermassive black hole. And this theory is basically predicated on the idea that an object of that mass would potentially just fall into the supermassive black hole at a much quicker rate than is it then the smaller ones that are more so caught in a gravitational orbit. Though it could also be simply that we haven't discovered any yet better of that size.
4:09 "gOdEn oPpOrTuNiTy" I get it, it's the coin. Good one 🤣
Blackhole are so small for the density they pack in, they remind me of the underdogs in sports, small, almost insignificant, but they'll end up swallowing you just the same without having a second thought about it, maybe a burp... but who knows?
So to explain it in terms for the modern youth, black holes exist on s scale of "heh, shrimp" to "damn, boi! he thicc!", but then there's also a big jump up to the "aww hell naw!" sizes.
a black hole isnt a hole at all. its just a really dark, really dense ball of mass. its called a black hole because no light can escape its gravity, thus making it dark, and whatever falls into it cant escape once it passes the event horizon, thus being called a hole
Also, your recording seems "laggy" based on your resolution you are watching the video, (which I presume, is set or automatic adjustment of the quality of the video) your computer RAM is probably pretty full/too much stuff is running on your computer, or your hard-drive, is almost full, or your Internet connection, is not stable, or poor. Just something I wanted to pointed out for purpose of helping out, of solving your issue. Of course I may not know in what circumstances you are recording, so I can't know if this change, even with my advice would be possible.
It is possibly a deliberate effect to omit copyright issues with protected material. Low quality choppy video is borderline unwatchable.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 well he could write email to their channel asking for permission to watch it and upload it, for purpose of giving further insights, from his expertise.
19:44 yeah Dylan I'm taking physics as a course this year
I just finished my senior high and I'm set on track to get physics
Anyway you're one of the reason I'm taking physics thanks
You're probably my "superhero"
Hey, I hope you can solve how blackholes can get so big so quickly! Cheers!
Could there be larger entities than black holes? The absolute mass would once again collapse them
There is a theory that we are in one.
You're an amazing person!!!! I love watching your videos.
Corsica is la Corse, a French island at south of it, west of Italy, there's two island, one french, one italian, Corsica is the french one
Hope you're doing well bro
Just stumbled upon this video and channel, I’ve been watching and supporting Kurzgesagt for several years now. If you want people to take you seriously and actually believe what you are saying, don’t assume 1) it’s just one guy and 2) that you know more than "him" and start ‘correcting’ basically everything in their video. As a PHD Candidate you should know that research is important, you would’ve realized so much about the channel if you would’ve bothered to read the video description where they link all their supporting research (hundreds\thousands of hours for one video - compromising content or detail sometimes so that it’s easily understandable), seen the source biography on their videos as they are talking about a subject as well as realized that they actually consult with established professionals in that field, not PHD candidates that currently only hold a bachelors -or equivalent-. Physics is ever changing and what we think we know today might result isn’t what we thought tomorrow. At 7:30 I stopped watching because your unprofessionalism makes me not trust you; why should we believe you, a student who doesn’t support anything he says by research apart from your word (and clearly had no idea what channel/video he was reacting to /watching), as opposed to a group of graduated scientists that consult with other scientists and actually do research before posting a video. I know this is a harsh comment but I hope you take something from this as not only did you miss out on a potential viewer/subscriber but you pissed me off enough to make me write a comment (how many others turned away from your video bc of this? Just look at how many comments are about Kurzgesagt being professional) food for thought mate
I fully agree. I'm also not going to finish watching this video.
There is a very evident gap in black hole mass between stellar and supermassive blackholes. Even if we discover one tomorrow, that gap won’t disappear. We’ve discovered plenty of stellar and supermassive blackholes but little to no intermediate mass blackholes. That’s not just random chance. We don’t know why they’re so rare. It likely isn’t just a case of “we just haven’t discovered them yet”.
In my opinion Black Holes are in the middle of galaxies because its the most dense object in that region (like the core in the sun), it has to do something with gravity but i think the formation of it.
why does youtube video run at 10fps and why is it not fullscreen
The only reason I could think that ultramassive black holes existed in the early universe, is somehow tied to the fact that heavy elements didn't exist then. I'm sure atomic density can show how you can fit more hydrogen into a given volume than say oxygen. Or I could be way off, just churning the thought bubble.
Have physicists ever wondered if we are limited in our observations of the universe because the only way we can observe it is through various waves?
Is there a chance for a different way of observing the universe? One we havent thought of?
They don't eat dark matter because it can't slow itself down without electromagnetic friction.
Is there a purpose in depicting the last two black holes with a blue accretion disk?
If a black hole has an event horizon of just a baseball, wouldn't it be explosively radiating from Hawking radiation, and disappear in less than a second?
I guess since dark matter has mass, it could fall into black holes ? Interesting question
My understanding is: whether there is a solid mass made out of particles or a singularity beyond the event horizon: black holes behave, essentially, as if they are the either/or.
8:55 okay theoretical question. Would a black hole (without a quasar) actually cast a shadow? Wouldn't light bend around it and everything would still be lit? Maybe more like a gradient
00:09:00 corsica is a rather small island occupied by france in the medetteranian sea (or however it is spelled)
Just a tip I’d try and find someone to adjust your obs settings because the refresh rate seems to be quite low also an ad blocker :P
I often wonder if the universe is a big giant endless black hole. The universe is just the life cycle of a black hole perhaps
this guy is beyond powerful, he has only one tab open
As they say that the black hole would be large enough to cast a shadow over Corsica... what would that shadow look like, given it's just standing there in the sky?
Not necessarily. If our blackhole isn’t accreting anything, it wouldn’t have an accretion disk. And supermassive blackholes aren’t necessarily always accreting anything. Or enough stuff to form a disk.
The black hole is a portal man it’s that simple , like they said, “ like a water drain” it’s sucks the energy from stars like a dysonsphere to stay active .
How do black holes produce light if light cannot escape a black holes pull ?
The accretion disk produces light
Materials falling into the black hole getting sped up so fast that they glow
A super massive black hole has an overall density similar to water
Hi mr smart physicist, can't you see the youtube playback recording is jiggering? Either check the frame rates or the compression you are using
My idea so I get to name it! Voyager 1 is now in interstellar time! (Mikey's Time) Think of it like Alvin and the chipmunks. "Vyger's" message is fine. It's just sped up now that it's outside our suns time bubble or "Terran Time." It would be faster still if "Vyger" sent a message from beyond the Milky Way's time bubble. That name is still up for grabs. Outside the Local Group time is open, too. Now that "Vyger" is in interstellar space, it's also in the Milky Way's STANDARD, faster moving, interstellar time or "Mikey's Time."
•Our sun's time bubble: "Terran Time" we know and have measured.
•Milky Way's time bubble or "Mikey's Time." The rate/flow of TIME outside any influence but within the Milky Way: We just got there and are still figuring. Wild guess I'd say time will increase in speed, now and until Vyger is outside the Ort cloud .007-.07% faster, maybe. Just for reference.
•Local Group's time bubble or the rate/flow of time outside of any influence but within the Local Group: Name still open and unknown. Wild guess .08% to a couple seconds faster, maybe. Used just for reference.
•Outside any influence in the, "True Interstellar Time Standard." Name up for grabs and just begging to be measured. Surfing time here is SO choice though it's best to have your motor boat. ;-P
A minute is a minute in all. It's the rate/flow I'm talking about.
Pass it on, please and thank you.
That almost broke my brain, the only reason it didn't is because I have a fail safe, my tiny human brain.
Can you do a video on the double slit experiment and its implications?
If dark matter is another universe or set of dimensions overlapping our own then black holes could maybe act as pockets in your jeans.
this universe is just so scary to comprehend, like i couldn’t even imagine what is actually out there beyond our observable universe, if we could possibly reach the singularity of a black hole, if wormholes exist, could we fold space and travel ftl, so many questions that deserve answers.
@@dream8870 th-cam.com/video/1jmNzlTd09E/w-d-xo.html
9:00 an island near france that france bought when napolion got birth
Is the video super choppy for just me, or for others as well?
A question regarding black holes, how do they merge, how do their singularities/ringularities combine and become one
I wonder why they used the "ultra" prefix instead of "hyper". Because the grade above a supernova is a hypernova, so I'd expect the grade above a supermassive black hole to be called a hypermassive black hole. But they went with ultramassive black hole instead.
Someone give it a name and it has stuck around. Science is littered with obsolete designations that no one can be bothered to get rid of.
-All nobel gasses have _"on"_ as a suffix, except helium. When it was discovered in solar spectra, it was assumed to be a metal.
-Planetary nebulae have nothing to do with planets. The first crude telescopes gave them a _barely_ passing resemblance to planets and the name has simply stuck around.
12:30 : "Everything in the Universe before was a lot dense"
Helium: "Hydrogen-kun I like you!"
Hydrogen: "I like you too friend!"
Helium: "No, I meant like like you!"
Hydrogen: "Me too friend! We're best buds 4ever!"
Helium: 👁️👄👁️
5:30 - "Black holes might not be what we think they are..." I'm not sure where you are going with this. There are a lot of unanswered questions about the nature of black holes, or for that matter about almost all of the universe. Things we still don't understand and don't have an answer for, however the predictable essence of what a black hole is, as a singularity of extreme density is pretty well established. The questions we have about them isn't about what they inherently are, it's about how the rest of the universe as we understand it interacts with and is affected by them. We understood and predicted the presence of black holes through theory long before we actually had the opportunity to observe one, but those theories accurately predicted not only what we would see if we found one, but also the most likely places to find them.
petition to call super massive black holes Super Daddies and intermediate black holes big boys when?
The fact that we exist is wrong to live is to suffer to exist is to know only pain
I hope you really take your time and scroll down reading all the comments above... or below and take some notes YOU REALLY NEED TO HEAR...
then.. i strongly recommend you to watch the "we'll do it again video" .
I have a question Dylan, in your opinion, what do you think lies at the singularity point? As a professional I would love to hear what you think. And do you believe that ftl through bending spacetime is a theoretical possibility? Or are we doomed to remain stuck in our own system?
there's something wrong with your recording software bec it keeps lagging
Dark matter seemingly interacts with Gravity so Black holes should be able to eat Dark Matter, but we don’t even know what it is so yeah.
Why is your video lagging so much?
9:17 I thought the universe was around 14 billion years old, how did they find a merge 17 billion light years away?
Keyword is the "light years away", universe expand faster than speed of light (well, according to some theory, forgot the name)
@@ehhhhh596 didnt think about that, really fascinating in a way
are black holes able to eat dark matter too? (if they are not themself dark matter?) and if so is it possible that at a specific or critical mass point they are able to eat dark matter that is in huge quantity in our universe to become ultra massive sized? i wish to be alive the day we can finally explain everything behind black holes mechanics...
Paris -- "a small city". Corsica -- "what the hell is corsica". Proof that a PhD in something and being well-educated is two different things.
If black holes swallow even light...why are the glowing gas pretty much the only 2 light source unaffected
I’m guessing you mean the light around the black hole? The gas is just far enough away where the light can reach us. The light that was affected is the light that falls in the black hole.
@@wavez4224 🤔😑I guess I'll be satisfied with that...for now😎
I do not think black holes eat dark matter, as dark matter is not affected by gravity.
6:55 is paris a small town ?😅
If primordial black holes were created just after the big bang what "other lots of things are older"?
Afaik, Kurzgesagt is a german group doing these videos, usually in german first, and then translate it into different languages & the different channels.
Is it theoretical possible to use a black hole to power a warp bubble?
No because black holes emit very little energy on their own.
It’s theoretically possible for a Cow to start flying, so yeah
@@WritingOnCDs Can you explain the steps in which a cow starts flying?
@@Upsilon1984 insert the movie Twister 🤣
@@Upsilon1984 nope
Is there a limit to how big a black holes able to get
Kurzgesagt, as far as I know, represents our best understanding with fidelity. It would be nice if the reactions sprinkled in more novel details.
If there wasn't enough time for these blackholes to form, what enough space? If you put a whole bunch of blackholes with each other, would a massive one form quickly?
damn it's star wars all over again there's always something bigger from what we thought is big
I think once we finally understand what Dark Matter is and what it does, we'll be able to peek inside a black hole and know how these two things interact and make a lot of stuff work. I hope this happens in our lifetime!
Pretty sure he already talked about Schwarzchild radius in his Black Hole Series.
OH yeah, the glasses are back!!!