How are Microchips Made? 🖥️🛠️ CPU Manufacturing Process Steps
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 มิ.ย. 2024
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Integrated Circuits, CPUs, GPUs, Systems on a Chip, Microcontroller Chips, and all the other different types of microchips are the brains of all the devices and technology that we use on a daily basis. But have you ever wondered how these microchips are made? Well, in this video, we're going to take a tour of a microchip fabrication plant or fab and walk you through the dozens of steps used to make a microchip. Specifically, we focus on how CPUs are made. CPU, GPU, and Smartphone Microchip manufacturing is a multi-trillion dollar industry, and each factory costs in the tens of billions of dollars. This is an overview of all the processes used to make a microchip, as well as an overview of a microchip factory. We're planning more videos on microchip manufacturing, such as a 3D animated factory tour.
This is the MOST complicated video we've made by FAR!! 4 different animators have been working on this video non-stop for the past 5 months, for a total of 1300 hours of research, modeling, script writing, animating, editing, animating again, rendering, and then more editing. Support us on Patreon is you want more videos like this one.
/ brancheducation
Website: www.branch.education
On Facebook: / brancheducation
Shoutout to Asianometry TH-cam channel / @asianometry . This TH-cam channel is filled with tons of information on the semiconductor industry, and Microchip Fabs.
Table of Contents:
00:00 - How are Transistors Manufactured?
02:06 - The nanoscopic processes vs the microchip fab
02:34 - What's inside a CPU?
04:31 - What are FinFet Transistors
05:06 - Imagine Baking a Cake
05:44 - Simplified Steps for Microchip Manufacturing
07:51 - 3D Animated Semiconductor Fabrication Plant Tour
09:54 - Categories of Fabrication Tools
10:26 - Photolithography and Mask Layers
11:52 - EUV Photolithography
13:39 - Deposition Tools
15:02 - Etching Tools
16:02 - Ion Implantation
17:03 - Wafer Cleaning Tools
17:29 - Metrology Tools
18:16 - Detailed Steps for Microchip Fabrication
20:29 - Research and Hours Spent on this Video
22:18 - Silicon Wafer Manufacturing
23:19 - Wafer Testing
23:42 - Binning
24:59 - Explore Brilliant
27:20 - Thank you to Patreon Supporters
Key Branches from this video are: How do Computers Work? How do SoCs Work?
Animation: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya, Adrei Dulay, Parvesh Khatri
Research, Script and Editing: Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Modeling: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya
Voice Over: Phil Lee
Sound Design: www.drilu.world/
Sound Effects and Music Editor: Raúl Núñez, David Pinete
Supervising Sound Editor and Mixer: Luis Huesca
Erratum:
Animation built using Blender 4.1 www.blender.org/
Internet References:
WikiChip Fuse fuse.wikichip.org/ is an amazing resource for the specs of different technology nodes.
Semiconductor Engineering semiengineering.com/ is an amazing resource for news in the semiconductor industry.
TechPowerUp www.techpowerup.com/ is an amazing resource for tech specs of various technology devices.
Wikipedia contributors. "FOUPs", "Integrated Circuits", "Photolithography", "Semiconductor Devices", "Semiconductor Device Fabrication", " Silicon". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited May 13nd 2024
Internet References:
Tool Model reference images acquired from: www.appliedmaterials.com/il/e...
www.tel.com/product/all/index...
Textbooks:
Handbook of Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology By Robert Doering and Yoshio Nishi
Microchip Fabrication: A Practical Guide to Semiconductor Processing. Peter Van Zant
Semiconductor Microchips and Fabrication: A Practical Guide to Theory and Manufacturing by Yaguang Lian
Semiconductor Manufacturing Handbook. Second Edition By Hwaiyu Geng
#Microchip #Manufacturing #CPU
Also, if you have any questions on the video or semiconductor fabrication, I'd be happy to answer them here.
This video took an incredible amount of work to make. Me (Teddy T.) and a few other animators (Mike R., Prakash K., Adrei D., and Parvesh K.) have been working non-stop on this video for the past 4.5 months. If you want more videos like this one support our Patreon: www.patreon.com/brancheducation
Q: Why do we use older components e.g. i9-13900K, or the 3090GPU, or Iphone 13 Pro. A: We purchase broken (typically 1 generation old) components from EBay and tear them open to model them.
Q: Is binning done with all the chips?
A: Well GPUs are also binned, for example the 3090ti, 3080ti, 3090 and 3080 are all the same chip design called GA102. Whereas DRAM chips are not typically binned, but rather due to the redundancy of DRAM, there are typically extra array structures beyond the capacity of the chip. If cells in an array fail, then they are replaced with the redundant cells. When a chip runs out of redundancy it's considered defective and thrown out. Beyond that chips are binned based on quality and interface speed capability. Thank you @JoeLion55 for the correction.
Q: Marcel151 asked: The transistor layer, sits it more at the bottom or at the top of the CPU?
A: JoeLion55 answered: During construction on the wafer, the transistors are built first, directly on the surface of the silicon wafer. Then all of the metal interconnect layers are built on top. This all happens on the original wafer, with hundreds of dies on the wafer. So when in wafer form, the transistors are on the bottom, and the metal is on the top. However, during the packaging process, after the dies are cut apart from the wafer, the die is flipped over and mounted upside-down onto the package substrate. This is because the pins are on the bottom of the package (the pins that go into the socket on the motherboard). The pins on the package need to connect to the top metal layer on the die, which is what allows external signals to enter and exit the die. So, the die is flipped over so the top metal layer is now facing down, and is soldered to the package substrate. So technically, when you have a final "chip" that you install in a motherboard, when you're looking at the top of the chip where the heatspreader is, if you had X-ray vision and could see through the top of the chip, you would be looking at the backside of the die. The backside of the die is pure silicon. Then, if you keep looking through, you would find the transistor layers next. Then keep digging and you'd go through all of the metal layers, then finally you'd reach the interposed and package board.
Q: elektronikk-service asked: How do you align the different layers in a chip? They cannot be off by more than a few nm.
A: Joe Lion55 responds: they layers have alignment makes built in. Those are little cross or X-shaped structures that are non functional (they’re not part of any live circuit). But when the lithography machine is putting down a new layer, it will find the alignment marks from the previous layer and adjust the wafer position and/or the scanner optics until the alignment marks are in the right place.
Q: Someone asked about low die yield for small nanometer transistors, and was it just particles that resulted in low die yield?
A: For new technology nodes, which are the smallest nanometer names for the transistors- Typically low die yield is due to getting exact parameters for the process steps correct. For example, when FinFets were first being developed, a etching pillars of silicon was incredibly difficult and designing / engineering / and then fine tuning the etchers to perfectly etch billions of fins in perfect fin structures is wildly difficult and is what contributed to low die yield. This is just one of the processes but the example applies to practically all other processes for the a new node. For example, when you do ion implantation, you need to evenly implant about 5-10 atoms of boron / phos to a specific region of the fin. Well, what happens if there are just 2 dopant atoms? Or what about 50?
I've been considering concepts of mobile fabrication plants, meaning making logic chips in a plant that can fit inside something that can be moved in several parts if needed; optimally, in a single trailer which was a stretch even with what I did already know. Most of what I know about these procedures comes from free publicly available information that doesn't cover all these steps. If there is no better way to make logic chips (APUs and more), then I'm not sure it would be possible to improve upon this. That said, I still don't know why the water and possibly some solvents used in cleaning processes can not be recycled (even though I understand purification would take extra energy no matter what method is used). This idea was on the back-burner, so I didn't put in this type of careful research into actually making mobile fabrication plants a reality. Maybe certain types of chips could still be made with mobile chip fabrication plants?
We know. And we thank you greatly.
@@VariantAEC One machine, such as the ion implanter is the size of a 2 car garage. It is shipped in shipping containers and takes a weeks to install, test and get up and running. Then it also needs to be in a cleanroom which takes billions of dollars to build in itself.
So how to relate this video with samsung 5 nanometer failure low yield in 2021-2022, or low yield in general, is it simply because of dust or mistake in photolayering?
@@BranchEducation
I understand the size and scope of these machines currently. My question is why they need to be that big in the first place? I also understand the layouts of some of thess facilities... lots of empty space. Could that all be reduced greatly to make one type of chip? Could we use one pint of pure water to clean on wafer at a time - for certain cleaning steps - and recycle that same pint almost indefinitely?
This channel deserves millions upon millions of views… the animations and graphics are better than anything I’ve seen ever.
But the narrator doesn't understand the subject matter and when he screws up, there's no take two.
True.
Yeah this is just insane, the level of research, the level of skill for the animation, the level of skill for explaining it and the great narrating voice. I wish I had the power to even get these animations played in school
It's just a matter of time until it does. Shockingly good quality videos always get the attention they deserve.
Consider the view count the number of people intelligent enough to understand and curious enough to stay engaged for half an hour of dense, complex material. People like you.
Best video I've ever seen explaining CPU production.
Absolutely
Lol it's the only one
@@musicplus6306Lol true!
You must not watch many videos about it then. It's decent, but far from the best.
@@musicplus6306 Oh really? I must have dreamt watching many other videos years back. Thanks for letting me know I've been living a lie!
i work for ASML. we make the lithography equipment. The 170 million dollars price tag is inaccurate. it's around 250 million dollars and the latest model is going to cost $350m to $400m dollars.
Dude.
Imagine the amount of governments that wants the secrets that are inside your brain. Kinda scary isn't it?
The 7nm UV units were 170 million...this has been well known for long time now.
Sure u do.
How long until China is able to replicate?
dont spread this shit around here
Idk who animated this, but give him or her, or the team, a damn raise. That was epic.
My guy casually drops one of the most detailed TH-cam videos on HOW PROCESSORS ARE MADE and act like we wouldn't notice. This channel is incredible
u speaking skibidi language
@@user-bo9yp1zp5u 😂
@@user-bo9yp1zp5u skibidibapmdara
@@user-bo9yp1zp5u True
Your guy?
As a retired technician, working with semiconductor fabrication line for 27 years. This the best and details explanation. Thank you.
What an endorsement!
Don't lie, no humans are capable of understanding any of this. Clearly this is all designed and operated by aliens.
Where to start to be a semiconductor technician?
@@ShegerBusiness At least at the fab I'm at, an associates in engineering (mechanical or electrical) is enough to be a technician maintaining the tools. Honestly, just apply and see if they accept. At worst they say no.
Guys, so the i9 i7 i5 i3 are all the same chip but the difference between them are the amount of defective parts?
So those Intel CPU without Integrated Graphics actually have integrated graphics but it just doesn't work due to the problems during production?
Hi
I am 60 years old electronics technician, I used many semiconductors in my life but never looked in to technology that makes them. Your video is incredible, thank you very much. 👍👍🇦🇺
I cannot even begin to explain how interesting this is for me. I never could've guessed in 1000 years that a single transistor could be made so small so accurately. Thank you for making this video.
I think this is your best video yet. Well done everyone who worked on it
Thanks! I appreciate it!
I am speechless about this immensely clear and yet overwhelming graphical representation and the yet understandable explanations. You are doing a fantastic job!!
What humans have accomplished is beyond words. Also one man does not know how the whole process works. It is a collaboration of different companies that bring it all together. One mines the commodities to make the machines and buildings. Others design and builds the buildings, whilst another builds the machines. Then you have the programmers and designers of the chips. Also the maintenance guys for when the machines break down etc etc.
@@MasterBlaster3545we started out with simple stuff, and it got complex as we kept improving and adding stuff. All of humanity's developments are responsible for semiconductors. Even the discovery of fire!😅
Greatly detailed video wow yes thank you. Wow yes. Yes.
Yep
The value that you are giving is just priceless! Deep thanks from my heart!
I recently fell into a rabbit hole about fabs and found this video just in time. Absolutely mind blowing how humans are capable of this, and most of us are clueless about this incredible feat of engineering powering the phones and computers we use daily.
I am a Staff Engineer at Samsung Semiconductor. This is the best video I've ever seen, including all the educational content from Samsung.
Fix the heating and make better chips!
u sure?@@RonnieB-lj7vb
@@RonnieB-lj7vb😂
So the i9 i7 i5 i3 are all the same chip but the difference between them are the amount of defective parts?
So those Intel CPU without Integrated Graphics actually have integrated graphics but it just doesn't work due to the problems during production?
@@FallenLight0 that's what I understood as well. It's a broken egg sold at a cheaper price.
As an engineer in semiconductor manufacturing industry, I want to say this is by far the best and detailed video to explain the IC manufacturing process. I can even tell which tool is which by looking at the animated pictures. The video production team really did a great job in the details.
An amazingly accurate presentation, might be as close as the normi can get to getting inside a fab
@@michaelleahy7794 u need to apply for process engineer or Fabrication Engineer. Or also u can get into design part of it
Lol right, when they detail the LF generators on the producer GT's you know it's legit..hard to believe AMAT would have gave them the CAD's for those
so you are the guys causing chip shortage😂😂
Would have been so easy to get a lot of this stuff wrong, too. Sounds like they probably double checked their info with some expert to be sure, cuz no way some amateur fumbles their way through all this jargon and machinery and whatnot without messing up.
First of all, this video is so incredibly in-depth, and I am floored by how good this is. Despite being a Materials Engineering student and knowing how the process works, I still learned a lot from this video.
I noticed a typo 10:01 under the “Modifying Material” Section, it says “Ion Impantater.” I am almost certain that this is intended to say “Ion Implanter,” as this is what it was called in the video at 16:03.
I say this not to detract from the video, but so that it can be fixed. I noticed it almost immediately when I saw it since I recognized the name of the tools and the processes.
I hope that someone sees this and will correct it, because although it is a silly typo, it detracts slightly from an otherwise perfect explanation of the entire process.
Thank you for spending the 1300+ hours to make this. I can tell you there will likely never be a more in-depth video covering the entire process with this amount of animation and care.
So the i9 i7 i5 i3 are all the same chip but the difference between them are the amount of defective parts?
So those Intel CPU without Integrated Graphics actually have integrated graphics but it just doesn't work due to the problems during production?
What an insane production value by a patreon and ads financed channel. You outclass the average Netflix show by a factor of a million. Great work!
Everyone’s saying “omg the animations”.. but seriously holy sh*t! The hours and hours that it takes to pull off stuff like this. Things we’re enjoying in 10 seconds took 4 hours.
Semiconductor manufacturing is legitimately the most complex and crazy thing humans have ever engineered and produced. Like, even rocket science pales in comparison in most ways. There's other super complex fields like neurobiology and whatnot, but nothing in terms of what people are actually putting into practice and MAKING.
Especially the transistor holy fkc
3 Months
What about the quantum computers?
They are surely more complex than that@@maynardburger
@@wade3owais819 have you seen quantum computers? I imagine they took a while to make but it's got like 1000 qubits and are about 20 feet across. Like you can see each of the tubes leading to where. Chips are unequivocally more complex.
We make a big hoopla about quantum computers but they suck pretty bad for what they are. Like it's amazing what they could be, especially if we continue trying to make them better, but they're pretty shit. Calling them a computer is like calling a couple logic gates a calculator.
In a world where the internet is filled with absolute idiocy, this video exists as a testament to why it could possibly be the single greatest invention in human history. Thank you, you are doing the world a service.
1% of the population upholds the survival of the 99%
As a dedicated and hardworking internet idiot, I object to your harsh attack on me and my people!
And everybody knows that plastic is the greatest invention in human history! Where would civilization be without it?
@@charliedoyle7824without internet, most people will still cope with primitive religion, information is more precious than one substance
Yeah but there is far two few of us that understand this stuff or even care about it
@@piplupempoleon4225 Hey bro, I'm religious and I'm currently studying systems engineering, my father is a physicist. Not cool bro.
Seriously I cant believe that we are watching this for free. As a electronics major this is one of the best chip manufacturing lectures/videos I have ever seen
This channel deserves millions upon millions of views❣
After more than 4 years working in a cleanroom, I've never seen such a clear and faithful explanation.
Simply unbelievable. Congrats!
You got to work in a cleanroom!! This seems so cool to me, I want to research what training/skills I need to work there
Semiconductor manufacturing engineer here. Well done, folks. This is the best video of its kind that I've seen. I'm sharing it with a ton of people I work with and it's my new go-to for when people ask what I do.
I'm especially impressed at the models of all of the processing tools. Spot on.
The dude literally made one of the best scientific pieces of Human history, it's literally the epitome of human technology, the most complex thing we have and probably will ever make. Despite being the best example of Human ingenuity, most people have no idea where the things powering their phones and laptops come from, not anymore with this video.
Bro makes the most graphical, structured and well visualized video about chip fabrication and even answers questions. Bro, I’m subscribed right now and bing watching this channel for the whole week. Keep up the incredible work.
this is some of the best science & engineering communication on the internet right now
please don't stop
University where take thousands of dollars to give education but this channel give increadible free knowledge with single click, hats of you🙏
Over the last 30-yrs working in this industry, this is the best video for anyone to watch and understand how chips were made! Absolutely perfect!
Asianometry is better.
@@ciCCapROSTithis channel is better for animation and general knowledge, asianometry more like insight news
One of the best videos ever made. I work for Comet Group that supplies RF Generators, Impedance Matching Networks, and high power vacuum variable capacitors that are used in these tools ( deposition/etching of conductor/dielectric). Looking forward to more educational material
So the i9 i7 i5 i3 are all the same chip but the difference between them are the amount of defective parts?
So those Intel CPU without Integrated Graphics actually have integrated graphics but it just doesn't work due to the problems during production?
Thank you Branch Education. One of the best videos I watched on semiconductor fabrication. As a researcher in this area, I can say that the video is the most detailed on TH-cam.
In making the metal interconnects 19:15 you typically perform a process called electroplating, instead or in addition to physical vapour deposition, to deposit copper.
It is also useful to distinguish between front-end-of-line fabrication stages and back-end-of-line fabrication stages to make a distinction between the transistor layers and the interconnect layers. Between the front and back-end-of-line stages are barrier layers deposited to prevent elements, such as copper, from migrating different layers of the chip.
The quality and clarity are unmatched on this platform. This channel's videos should be shown in schools.
They could replace schools
Semiconductor Manufacturing is indeed the most complex and high precision job for any engineer, it is the work of 100s of scientists and engineers that made this world possible. One of the best videos I had ever seen on this complicated process. Love you man ❤
Even with there are details still left out. It's that complicated.
I have been searching this information for years and this is the first time I found proper details information with all the accurate visuals. You really deserve great appreciation. Waiting for more videos like this. 👍👍👍👍
I was truly blown away, at how these are made. How complex it is.
Gotta say the TH-cam algorithm hit it out of the park recommending this channel to me
You have the ability to explain in 30 minutes what universities can't teach in a semester. This is by far the best 3D animation I've ever seen-better than Animagraffs. I'm in love with this channel. I'm a student today, but I'll definitely become a patron once I start earning. Thank you once again!
The problem is that animagrafs are generalized!
The information is not very precise.
How so? Precise in the sense of going deeper into the subject.
As somebody that's a tool and die maker and has worked in a handful of different industries, this is by far something I wish we could get a real behind the scenes look at. Making something this complex and at such a small size is like a watch makers wet dream or something I'm sure hahaha. Very impressive research and writing to create this video
Microchips are such a sci-fi level of technology it's incredible
That's because the technology came from UFOS/UAP, Realize what era the microchip was invented and connect the dots...
Remember they have to be precise to the Nanometer, one mistake in a layer containing thousands of precise metal in hundreds of layers results in a defunct CPU.
Oh did I mention that one broken or changed component in any machine can result in previous and future machinery to be changed...
as an engineer of one of the processes, this video is the best video explaining everything related to semiconductor manufacturing i have ever watched. excellent video, excellent modelling, excellent scripts
chill dude you guys are inane😮💨😮💨
@@USER1.01.01 yeah these guys are inane???🤔
so you guys got this technology from aliens right?
I was expecting some info on the PCM testing as well.
I have to say this is a very good explanation of the microchip process. I worked in the industry for 20 years, in Photo/Metrology, and I wish I had this video back then. It would be very useful for anyone entering the industry or even experienced personnel that wants a better understanding of the entire process. Well Done.
I've been in the semiconductor industry for years and this is perhaps the best explanation of the fabrcation process till date.
Great video!
As a retired assistant manager in the tsmc chip building facility, I can confirm everything said here in this video is accurate and the animation is top notch, it really helps the next generation to learn things.
P.s. which animation software do you use
i think they mentioned it in one of their previous videos long time ago, Blender...
The sheer level of complexity at such a small scale is nothing short of magic. The fact that people figured out how to make these chips is amazing.
And we still have these morons on the internet calling all scientists and engineers "frauds" from their phones saying that the earth is flat. Oh the irony is beyond human appreciation.
we figured it out by starting big and then downsizing. at the start, a computer could take up whole rooms. then we figured out new and smaller components and materials and methods that could do the same work the big components did...and again, and again, and again till we got to today. crazy to imagine that in the future, those people will look at this stuff and think how barbaric our methods were.
@@bvbxiong5791 I have a strong suspicion that we have more or less reached a plateau at least in this area. Further innovations will have to be made, like quantum computing (if it's even possible) to surpass this.
@@cavemann_ I believe the biggest factor is the battery. But companies are hungry sharks that only eat money. The batteries are the biggest cause for wasted electronics and the only thing that really ages in a computer (although these days, SSDs and OLED panels also degrade from usage, but they are always far from end of life before the battery is so dead it doesn't even power the device up anymore). CPUs and storage is still following Moore's law. You just don't notice the speed increments anymore because it's gotten so fast there is no software that uses the hardware to it's full potential, and games are getting so terribly unoptimised they run poor even on things that are insanely capable.
@@bvbxiong5791 I thought they started small, with just some logic gates and then scaled it up by turning components that can behave like switches into logic gates , and then make those components into bigger components that can sum up two numbers and so forth. I guess you mean in physical size, but I think more as in the size as in the amount of transistors and traces. It's not super impressive, science evolves by building on the knowledge and blueprints created. Cars still have 4 wheels. Modern phones still share the design of the first iPhone, it's just copy paste and make some tweaks to the design to make it more powerful. At some point it's going to get too complicated for humans to fully understand (if we aren't there already) so I don't know if humans will ever find what we have now stupid since I doubt even in 100 years or even 1000 years many people are going to understand how a microchip actually works.
I’ve been watching TH-cam for over 10 years now. This is the best video I’ve watched. Your educational content is inspiring!
This is the BEST video out there to explain this complicated topic. Well done, it is just amazing.
23:45 I wasn't expecting that CPUs are manufactured and labeled based on how many cores don't work.
This was an incredible in depth video. Thank you for your efforts!
New Fear unlocked. Was not expecting that also.
It is not always like that, sometimes you get an actual i7 or sometimes a defective i9, these companies Eg. Nvidia, Intel, AMD always launch their Higher end models first due to this reason - so that based on the yield & defects could accordingly launch the budget models
back in the day there were tools and ways of unlocking the disabled cores on CPUs at the possible cost of instability (most of the times there was a reason why they were disabled), these days they made that pretty much impossible though
Yeah imagine going for a i9 instead of i7 or i5 but telling your buddy at store you want one that works, and send him the link of the video with time stamp...
it means im using i9 by the name of i3 😂
What you are doing is revolutionary. No one has ever made a video about microchip manufacturing this deep.
Thank you for making this amazing video free. We appreciate you Branch Education - one of the best educators on TH-cam. Keep up the great work!!
Thank you so much man. This was ONE of the best videos I watched on TH-cam. I shared to our class group, I learnt a lotttt. Thanks again
5 people working away for 4.5+ months of work, utterly spoiling us for almost 30 minutes, is way more than the 3 months for the build of the single wafer you highlighted! Your work deserves an Oscar (if there was such an equivalent) in this type of video production. Honestly I hope this channel will serve the next generation of EEs, Mech Eng, Comp Eng and CS majors graduating and enhance their knowledge. Absolutely phenomenal work. Thank you so much for your efforts and I can not wait to see what you have planned for us next. 😊
As someone who is working as IC designer, this is the best explanation and visuals of chip fabrication I have ever seen. And surprisingly accurate for a video intended for general audience.
Keep up the good work!!
This is the best educational channel on YT. The balance between complexity and detail of the content and keeping it simple to understand for the average viewer is magnificent. The visual content is thorough and relevant.
Amazing video. The extremely complicated proces of manufacturing CPUs is shown as simple as it could be using fantastic animations. Great job!
I have been working with and repairing computers for almost 30 years. I've done a lot of study and have kept up with most facets of the industry. I have never come across a video series that explains, so clearly, the details of the chip manufacturing process. I will make sure to have all my colleagues watch your wonderful presentations.
this is mainly because its always a closely guarded secret in the industry. Specially, the details of the masks, circuit interconnections, chip module layouts, etc are never shared in public. Even the factory tour requires special high level permission/ clearance. Some people who work in the industry which provide tools for chip manufacturers, such as ASML lithography, vapor deposition, etc have some idea what they do and how they do. Apart from this, this is an active area of research, and is published in well known journals as well, but being hidden behind the paywalls, the published research also stay away from the reach of general public.
Edit : for those who want to dive deeper into the subject, there are dedicated channels which i would recommend - Asianometry (you will thank me later)
Probably one of the best and most comprehensive explanation about how to manufacture CPUs. Very well done!
The quality of this video is so high, I love it! thank you for your hard work
I have no experience in any process of this production.
But I'm dead serious when I say that this is the BEST educational video on TH-cam.
“8 football fields” ah yes the most reputable American measurement
Haha, it almost should be a unit of measure. like 8ff.
Amusingly that game is played mostly with there hands...
@@snowiethetoolguyno way lol
@snowiethetoolguy American football is a development from rugby, whose full name is rugby football. American football just retained the name as it's rules developed from rugby.
How many Olympic sized swimming pools is that?
Oh my god! I'm freaking out about this amazing video. That's a lot of science at every step of the process. Guys, you guys really rock this channel. Thank you so much for this work of art!
Thank you for this video. I'm not in the electronics manufacturing or testing fields, so for me this video is to see "How it's made" and "How it works."
Absolutely Amazing are two words that give this video a Great Start!
Learnt more about chip manufacturing in this 26 minute video than in all 5 years of my undergraduate electrical engineering degree.
Same here!
Best semiconductor manufacturing animation video I saw on TH-cam
This channel is the best thing that has come to the internet for a long time. Period.
Thank you so much.
This is abosultely incredible! I've never really given so much thought to the complicated processes that are involved in making a CPU. Humakind are really pushing the limits!
No words to describe the beauty and detail put into this video. Thanks for sharing!
+1
This channel is insane! Ever since the shader video I have been hooked. Keep up the work!
Glad you enjoy it!
Microchip manufacturing is truly a marvel of engineering. Thank you so much for making this understandable for everyone, even dummies like me.
I’m truly amazed by the dedication and hard work that went into creating this video. The detailed explanation and the 3D animations have provided a deep understanding of microchip fabrication, which is no small feat! I appreciate the effort it took to make such complex information accessible and engaging. Great job!
Been watching for years and this has been one topic I’ve always wanted to know but the level of info and detail hasn’t been even 5% as good as this on other videos.
i always thought CPUs i3 i5 i7 i9 were made differently, i NEVER could have thought it's all made the same just some are more "defective" thus lower quality... wow!! thank you for the informative video!
I was shocked too.
Intel makes so many different dies guys.. an i9 is cut down to an i7 sometimes but Intel designs and produces many.. many chips. Not just one. They have like 20 designs for a given architecture. Not everything in this video is 100% accurate just FYI
As a 20yr tech vet with a graduate degree in EE, who started his career in semiconductor process tech and chip reliability, this is the best most well done/informative video on this topic I’ve ever seen. This can be shown in a freshman semiconductor course to help folks visualize that’s actually happening without sacrificing details. The quality of the video really reflects your effort
I have worked in Fab automation and have an idea how complex the chip making process is. Absolutely fantastic video guys !
Thank you so much for makings videos like these. Love them!
As an Embedded Systems Engineer who works on microcontrollers, it's refreshing to see how the CPUs are made. We embedded engineers take these Engineering Marvel for granted without realizing the efforts that go into making chips out of sand (aka Silicon). Kudos to the entire Branch Education Team for making Science, Technology and Engineering accessible for free to everyone around the world! We need more of Branch Education ❤
Me Too!
This is the singular most helpful video on CPU design available. The quality of animation, the visuals, and the script really help boil down all of the mechanisms an processes involved in making a silicon die.
This is the best channel on yt hands down, amazing video
This is by far the best visual thing I’ve ever seen! Being able to explain this process in 27 minutes is completely mindblowing! Thank you for your effort!
One of the greatest youtube videos ever created, comprehensively explaining the greatest feat of human engineering ever accomplished. It doesn't get any better.
I will not survive for 10 minutes in a classroom trying to understand all that. This video shows that we all are visual learners, and our educational system needs a serious upgrade (or overhaul). Thank you Branch Education.
Absolutely fantastic video.
I’ve been in the electronics industry for 20+ years and this is by far the best description of how the manufacturing process works that I have ever seen 👏👏
wow, nice explanation, the precision needed for this process is insane
Branch Education is by far, one of the best technology channels in TH-cam. The complexity, depth and quality of their videos are simply remarkable. I don’t remember how I found it but I’m very glad I did. I will share it as much as can.
This kind of research, animation, correct content delivery deserves applause.
This incredible presentation prompted me to take a look into how one prepares for a career in microchip design. It appears that after a basic foundation in an engineering undergrad, most of the design process is strictly proprietary. Each chip designer/manufacturer has its own unique process and teaches its designers on the job. The most valuable part of the education/preparation process is the internship experience during undergrad. Becoming a designer seems to take an incredible amount of dedication to the career path and a 1,001 percent drive to become a successful designer. No wonder the salaries are so phenomenal.
This is incredible. I've been searching the internet for a while now trying to wrap my head around how CPUs are made. I finally found it and it makes sense to me now. Thank you!!!
Working in the industry (photolithography) for over a decade, watching this on a Friday night, after a very busy work week. And still enjoyed it tremendously! Truly, kudos to BranchEducation team!!
What a neat job you have. How does one get into your line of work?
@@wilhelmbittrich88 a technical degree (masters or PhD), preferably in an area involving physical sciences or electrical engineering, a curious mind, and an ability to work in multinational/multidisciplinary teams :)
so you are the guys causing chip shortage😂😂 we found one lads
I wish I had these videos 20 years ago)) How lucky the current generation of engineers-to-be are! This is pure gold. For free.
I am an aspiring engineer, at i have so much respect for you all
It's amazing that the duration of this video is less than 30 minutes but the work behind this is actually around 2months! I appreciate your hardworking bro keep it up. Now you have a new follower.
Its insane how good this video is, thank you for your hard work!!!
i am now convinced the people that make these chips and the equipment to make them come from time travelling wizards from a distant futuristic version of our planet
nah they reverse engineered it from crashed alien ships
A lot of work and a lot of people over decades create this amazing and complexed process that is shown here, it takes people from varying engineering and design disciplines to create the process and the tools, and it just improves (and get more complexed) over the years, ofc there is heavy use of software like CAD a EDA and automation.
Can you imagine there is only one company called ASML(Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Lithography) that makes the most expensive($170m) tool "EUV photolithography" shown in the video.............they must have some alien tech reverse engineering happening behind the gate😂
Nah fuck you guys for generalising my work into "Its Aliens".
@@cybercat1531 I'm with you, even though their intentions are good. A lot of hard work is put into making this happen.
MAN..I thought particle physics was mind boggling...BUT...this stuff is mind boggling and mind blowing times ten..I am truly awestruck at what it takes to make a microchip..I'm blown away. The men and women behind this are geniuses. Thank you to everyone for all the hours and effort that has made this video possible..this is beyond wonderful. I was first introduced to DUV machines on a radio program on NPR..at 3 o'clock in the morning..an interview with the then CEO of ASML...ever since then I have become more interested on the subject of microchips as a whole. Thank you so much for this video, I don't think I'll ever completely understand all about the fabrication processes but for sure I'll continue looking at great videos like this one to grow in my understanding of the subject. A heartfelt thank you.
Particle physics are a big part of semiconductor research and understanding. Seriously, the amount of cross-expertise required for leading edge semiconductor manufacturing is insane.
I think this is probably the best chip making process video ever released, Well done everyone who worked on it
Thank you for the effort to bring these consolidated 3 months works in just less than half and hour magic !
Theres a hundred of these "how things are made" on YT. NONE LIKE THESE. What a joy, simply perfect. GPU is a great one too.
Its crazy how clear these explanations are, I've not found a single other source that 'dumbs down' this process enough for a layman to understand it.
Excellent work! You guys produce the highest quality videos of their kind. Your scripts are easy to follow even for someone with no previous knowledge on the subject matter. Thank you for all of the time and effort you put into creating these videos!
insane amount of work and incredible result. thank you so much for your videos!
This knowledge with this animation is impossible without hefty money and you're giving it for free!! Thankyou!
Not really free ... see those viewing numbers at the top? That represents hard cash Google is paying the producers.
@@OAK-808 TH-cam takes 45% from the ad revenue and 30% from channel membership and anyone with internet can watch this video so it's technically free you just paid for the internet connection not this channel specifically so I supported it
This is truly the best educational video about semiconductor manufacturing I ever seen, and I say it as a PhD student who spends his time in a clean room. It is a must-see for everyone, you explain the greatest mankind achievement that even a five-year-old will understand. Thank you.
The animation on this channel is mind-blowing (very instructive)! It's some of the best I've ever seen. They deserve to go viral.
Brilliant! Substantial endeavor was put into this video, making it the most educational video about chip manufacturing I've ever seen! Thank you for your hard work!
Gosh this channel is nostalgic, this is like watching “How it’s made” as a kid again and be absorbed right into it learning the complex innards of our daily devices . Brings a whole new appreciation!
Even the voice is almost the same