Why It Was Almost Impossible to Make the Blue LED
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 7 ก.พ. 2024
- The blue LED was supposed to be impossible-until a young engineer proposed a moonshot idea. Head to brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join this list to help us keep our videos free, forever:
ve42.co/PatreonDEB
Huge thanks to the UC Santa Barbara Materials Dept (ssleec.ucsb.edu/) for taking us around.
Thanks to Álvaro Bermejillo Seco for reviewing the science.
Thanks to these especially helpful sources:
Nobel Prize Biography - Shuji Nakamura - ve42.co/NakamuraNobel
Johnstone, B. (2015). Brilliant!. Prometheus Books. - ve42.co/Johnstone2015
Nakamura, S., Pearton, S., & Fasol, G. (2010). The Blue Laser Diode: The Complete Story. Springer. - ve42.co/Nakamura2010
▀▀▀
References:
• How LED Works - Unrave...
• How diodes, LEDs and s...
• How Blue LEDs Changed ...
• How Blue LEDs Were Inv...
Touchstone, L. A. (2022). Nick Holonyak Jr. University of Illinois. - ve42.co/Touchstone2022
Perry, T. S. (1995). The Unsung Inventor. IEEE Spectrum. - ve42.co/Perry1995
Chabay, R. & Sherwood, B. (2011). Matter & interactions (4th ed.), S2: Semiconductors. Wiley. - ve42.co/ChabaySherwood
How MOCVD Works via Aixtron - ve42.co/MOCVD
Vangala, S. R., et al. (2019). Epitaxial growth of ZnSe on GaAs. Journal of Crystal Growth. - ve42.co/Vangala2019
Nakamura, S. (1991). GaN Growth Using GaN Buffer Layer. JJAP. - ve42.co/Nakamura3rd1991
Amano, H., et al. (1989). P-Type Conduction in Mg-Doped GaN w/ LEEBI. JJAP. - ve42.co/Amano1989
Huang, M., et al. (2021). Defects in Mg-H‐Codoped GaN. Physica Status Solidi. - ve42.co/Huang2021
Schubert, E. F. (2006). Light Emitting Diodes, Ch 4: LED basics. Cambridge University Press. - ve42.co/RPI-LEDs
Kitada, C. (2001). Blue About Japan. Japan Inc. - ve42.co/Kitada2001
Whitaker, T. (2002). Nakamura loses Nichia patent battle. Optics.org. - ve42.co/NichiaSales3
Pirates Osaka. (2014). Nakamura awarded Nobel Prize in Physics. Hatena Blog. - ve42.co/NichiaSales1
Growth Bozu via Twitter. - ve42.co/NichiaSales2
Rose, J. (2014). Blue LEDs - Filling the world with new light. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. - ve42.co/Rose2014
Pattison, P. M., et al. (2017). LED lighting efficacy. Comptes Rendus Physique. - ve42.co/Pattison2017
Electricity pricing via EIA - ve42.co/ElectricityPricing
Lane, K., et al. (2023). Lighting. IEA. - ve42.co/LightingIEA
LED Footprint via The Climate Group - ve42.co/ClimateGroupLED
Nichia’s History via Nichia - ve42.co/NichiaHistory
Shuji Nakamura via Wikipedia - ve42.co/NakamuraWiki
Images & Video:
Lighting the World via UCTVInsight on TH-cam - ve42.co/UCTVep2 & ve42.co/UCTVep3
Palo Alto Times 1971 Article via Newspapers.com - ve42.co/Newspapers
Nick Holonyak, Jr. and the LED via UIUC on TH-cam - ve42.co/HolonyakIllinois
The Original Blue LED via Science History Institute on TH-cam - ve42.co/OGBlueLED
Maxfield, M. (2022). Compound Semiconductors. EE Journal. - ve42.co/Maxfield2022
M. Stutzmann, et al. (2001). Playing with Polarity. pss (b). - ve42.co/Stutzman2001
Isamu Akasaki in 1995 via Andrey Nikolaev on TH-cam - ve42.co/AsakiNikolaev
Pioneer TX-610 Stereo Tuner via Ian Marino on TH-cam - ve42.co/StereoMarino
Shuji Nakamura via EPO on TH-cam - ve42.co/NakamuraEPO
Nichia Campus via Nichia on LinkedIn - ve42.co/NichiaHQ
Nichia via TDElektronik on TH-cam - ve42.co/NichiaTDE
Violeds Sterilization of COVID-19 via Seoul Viosys - ve42.co/SterilizationUV
▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Chris Harper, Max Paladino, Balkrishna Heroor, Adam Foreman, Orlando Bassotto, Tj Steyn, meg noah, KeyWestr, TTST, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, David Johnston, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Sam Lutfi
▀▀▀
Directed by Emily Zhang
Written by Emily Zhang, Ricky Nathvani, and Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Mike Radjabov, David Szakaly, Ivy Tello, and Alondra Vitae
Filmed by Derek Muller, Raquel Nuno, and Trenton Oliver
Additional research by Gregor Čavlović
Produced by Emily Zhang, Han Evans, Gregor Čavlović, and Derek Muller
Thumbnail by Ren Hurley
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Bro really went from "Ignored for not having a PhD" to "Nobel Prize winner"
True point. One of the great engineering come back stories.
I hope all the clowns that treated Nakamura badly shrunk down in their seats and realized how small and irrelevant they really are.
Pretty common surprisingly.
I still find it funny that big bang theory was conceived by a Christian pastor and he was dismissed because it was "too Godly", and now it's the prevailing theory because it has the most logic behind it scientifically.
@@safebox36 the internet has corrupted me. Why did I think of the show😭
@@safebox36ok NOW you are sending me down a rabbithole
One of the greatest examples of how we only see the end result of hard work.
My man worked 84 hour weeks for over 18 months just to hit the first clue that he was on the right path. That's a level of tenacity that I cannot help but admire.
I am so thankful for people like this.
I love how you described this, " first clue that he was on the right path " I mean all what I was thinking about is how is he sure about the path he is into.
18 months had the chance to be a waste of time, but now and thankfully he made it .
Let's not forgot how the company fucked him over. Remember, unions are key.
@@igx_s2745 i think Thomas Edison's quote applies here. he found 1000 ways not to make a blue LED but found 1 after 18 months of non-stop trial.
No Unions would have prevented him from working all those hours. Never would have happened with a Union. All Unions achieve is wealth for Union leaders.@@mascambios
Inventors getting screwed by companies seems like a common story
I remember listening to an NPR story about the competition between Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla that started with “AC/DC, it’s not just a rock band. It’s the story of a decades long feud.”
People are often getting screwed by corporations. Inventors are just people.
That is what a company is. It is what companies do. It is why "we" have companies.
It's good he was able to sue his money back in the end. Sometimes inventors are treated much worse. Sergei Korolev, the key figure in the USSR space program, always comes to my mind when I think about how unfairly and blatantly scientists were treated by the soviet state. He was falsely accused and tortured by the NKVD to make a "confession" and sent to a labour camp, where he has almost died, but then he was "lucky" to be moved to a special prison for scientists and engineers, where conditions were not so dire, and so he was able to continue his brilliant work against all odds, until he was finally discharged by special government decree.
We all are inventors, when we say somethin, we are inventing an phrase
“in front of the house was ocean. blue always” that statement made me cry. love this story
Oh yes, that was right in the feels for me too! Especially after seeing what this man went through and achieved, and seeing how modest he still seemed to act.
Why?
It’s amazing to find out these little details and motivations behind people. After so much work, he was able to recreate his favourite color, one that had been missing in mankind’s technology for decades. After he did his work, we were able to share in experiencing the blue that he liked so much from his childhood.
Why?
@@VodHighlights Probably hormones out of whack.
So he was underfunded, underappreciated and undersold, yet he almost single-handedly created one of the most important technologies in the modern world, a true legend. And I got to learn his story from an interesting, high quality source. Thanks again Derek
yeah this takes the old saying about edison creating a lightbulb to a new level
He wasn't underfunded.
They could've been more appreciative of his work. But it's not like he didn't get anything. He got the budget to immortalize his name, and now he's getting top jobs presumably.
This is such an incredible story that I stumbled upon by sheer accident.
Although I wouldn't be able to explain the theory to another, I understood enough to appreciate the hurdles Nakamura had to overcome. Unfortunately he is 1 in a billion. If even a fraction of inventors or researchers in the world had the stamina, determination, resources and insight of this man, the world would be a very different place.
It is worth noting, that despite the resulting animosity, his original company showed an enormous amount of faith and patience in him. His employment could have been terminated at any time when he was disregarding their orders.
Maybe their are other amazing talents out there, who don't get the opportunity to refine their exceptional abilities.
This is such an incredible story that I stumbled upon by sheer accident.
Although I wouldn't be able to explain the theory to another, I understood enough to appreciate the hurdles Nakamura had to overcome. Unfortunately he is 1 in a billion. If even a fraction of inventors or researchers in the world had the stamina, determination, resources and insight of this man, the world would be a very different place.
It is worth noting, that despite the resulting animosity, his original company showed an enormous amount of faith and patience in him. His employment could have been terminated at any time when he was disregarding their orders.
Maybe their are other amazing talents out there, who don't get the opportunity to refine their exceptional abilities.
@@stevendv8487 ah, you be the pawn of the MBA. MBA's are the Vampires of fair compitition. There current efforts to put up pay walls, to gouge on research, is there current step to monetize "progress" for their back row statues....meanwhile, they "inadvertently" lay waste the the very social structures that garnered their surrounding pawns support and innovation.
The MBA Zealot is contemporary histories growing destructive force...This is to say your attitude needs a reality check..."They could have...", but oopsy, profits...aka F"k off. Your ideological positioning in your statement leads those interested by innovation to interest more self serving and less societally beneficial...a new dark age...for your personal desires of greed.
I came here to learn why blue was so difficult to make… I didn’t know this was the story of a man who discovered a landmark piece of technology. Just the thought of him staring at a small blue light, completely understanding it was his life’s work and his masterpiece. True happiness in a blue glow.
Seriously, with a physics lesson in what makes semiconductors work thrown in the middle.
yeah BLUE LED is amazing for sure!!!! 🔵🔵🔵🔵
Had he listened to his shortsighted bosses and not been stubborn then we would still be using incandesceng lightbulbs like Trump wants us to.
His life's work and his masterpiece... So far... I am interested to see what his contributions will be to nuclear fusion now!
blue is my favorite color as well.
I used to do undergrad research at UC Santa Barbara, the lab I worked in was on the same floor where Nakamora works. One time I went to go to the bathroom and saw him brushing his teeth and getting ready for the day at one of the sinks. that guy still lives and breathes his lab work :)
Thanks to him and many dedicate folks like him we got lot of fun technology today! Big respect!
Fair duck
There was a drama in that blue led light. Nakamura deserves a monument for his invention. Imagine how he helped us aside from lights but to the less emission of CO2. He is a hero and should be remembered on the generations to come.
He will be. He is a Nobel laureate. And this channel's work has ensured that more and more people will learn about him in the years to come.
Co2 is good
@@thefinalromanSo is water but if I pour two hundred gallons in your kitchen that wouldn't be great would it?
@@thefinalroman Read more, write less
@@Lk95rulez facts must hurt kid. CO2 levels have never been so low. plants will cease to function if the libs have their cult fantasy realized.
Mr. Nakamura is a hidden giant everyone should know more about. Incredible tenacity and great video.
hikaru has over 1m subs so i think hes known well enough
I love hikaru too
@@jettaeschroff6924bro ,he is not talking about Hikaru Nakamura,he is talking about the man who invented blue LED
Dr.
@@Creator0369 r/woooosh
It’s so dumb how it’s never just “this guy changed the world and got compensated fairly for it” there’s always some corporate bs in the way
Hooray, capitalism!
what did you expect from some upper class twat that got the company trough marrying the daughter of the company?
Greed
Well they’re the ones providing the money. If they don’t think they’re getting results they get nervous and pull funding. Same thing would happen if it was a person with their own money or a friend’s money
@@ShaunDreclin Ideal capitalism would have rewarded him. We have gone beyond that point to where past successes are use to monopolize future success. The logical end of capitalism.. It will always get here unless controls are in place.
EDIT
I was just making a sarcastic comment trolling "capitalists" and corporatists.
I am a now retired engineer and fascinated by the invention process. not economics.
I had no intension of hijacking a science based thread into some economic system debate.
I apologize to Veritasium for this getting out of hand.
Which is why his nobel prize was well deserved. He changed everything.
Would love to thank this guy for bringing to life the colors of literally every electronic out their that we take for granted
Disobedience in Japan is extreme rare. This guy is TWO true heroes.
Probably the disgusting reason the appellate court thought it will be a better lesson to Japan to learn from this story to understand it financially will not work NO. MATTER. WHAT. Even if the whole modern computation relies on you, and your industry reaches a trillion dollar scale. You will not get a f- penny.
If you fight, well, you’ll need lawyers. And will make sure they will work down all the recovery you’d make. F- disgusting.
$170 bonus! 😁
I'm astonished he kept his job so long and kept getting his requisitions paid for all that time!
@@almasysephirot4996the appeal court didn't rule in favour of the company, they settled before they could rule.
@@bard119 Right? This is really more than insane level...
This story really needs a movie made about it
Next Christopher Nolan's Biopic. Imagine!
Well, your comment really came out of the blue ? I agree 👍
You're so greedy, this channel already made a somewhat comprehensive narrative and you still want more, probably fictionalized and for what? Your entertainment? Can't you just appreciate it now
Agree!
Noticing when different LEDs became available I wondered about this for years! Thanks for the explanation!
This video has everything I appreciate in videos: an informative, representative and intriguing title and thumbnail, a great explanation that works without the visuals but is supported by strong visuals, proper immersion and a good build-up making me root for the protagonist, and even great production quality for the story-telling. I came here knowing very little about LEDs and leave with a bit more knowledge and a lot more appreciation! The best thing is that I never was very good at science and physics, but you managed to keep me on board all the way; I may not understand it as well as others, but I didn't feel left behind.
Thank you for broadening my horizon a little today!
Facts
they deserve more than a nobel pize. unlike so many other nobel prizes this invention really benefits humankind on a huge magnitude
@kin-cz9vu
Unlike so many other Nobel prizes?
Like the peace prize?
@@ivoryas1696 no, like the ones given to war criminals
Don’t ever go back making “television”. This is so much better. A great story from beginning to end with a spectacular entry of the main character. No spoilers, no previews. TH-cam at its best. TV will never reach this level of storytelling. Hats off to your illustrator too.
The narrator is a scientist he understands what he is talking about. TV is mostly made up of journalists with basic information on many topics generally
Couldn’t agree more about the great storytelling 😊
I agree. This was so thrilling
@@asstacoI'd also like to know
@@hawdgeal In his life story video, he mentioned that he wanted to become a filmmaker.
In the mid 1990s, I was working in a research lab where we were in competition with Nichia in the development of GaN blue LED and lasers, also using our home-grown MOCVD machines. Dr. Nakamura was always 2 (or more!) steps ahead of us. I still vividly remember when we got our hands on a prototype of his deep blue LEDs after a conference. We turned it on in the lab, with lights down, expecting a weak blue emission, as we got from our own devices. It came on so bright and so blue, it illuminated the whole room! It blew our mind, we couldn’t believe it. How had he done that? He was the blue LED magician. Nobel prize well deserved, and then some.
Yeah, I was at HP Labs at that time, and we were contemplating spending $10 for a wimpy blue LED to detect yellow ink dots on paper in an inkjet printer, to determine if the inkjet printhead was working. And then came along Shuji Nakamura’s blue LED from Nichia. A mind blowing achievement!
That's really cool
It 'blue' your mind! 😉
@@pandoraeeris7860I don't understand pons 😢
Nakamura single-handedly changed the world. And he only got a $170 bonus for that. 😢
I remember that 1994 era very well, when I was hankering for someone to come up with hi-res color flat-panel displays to replace the bulky CRT I was using for my personal desktop computer while working on my undergraduate studies in electrical engineering. You shed a lot of light on a complex technology that was in development at the time and that I knew nothing about until I saw your very instructive video. Thank you for the work that you do to make your knowledge available to all.
Its just too satisfying to watch this video of someone struggling to make something so significant to us
I'm so glad this story didn't end with "and then he died penniless and alone" because it feels like so many of these stories often do. Warms my heart to see him alive and recognized for his genius and thriving still!
i was hare for this comment!
Thank goodness 😢
It felt like the script was heading that direction 😂 soooo glad it ends well in the end🎉
Before I finished the video, I was betting that the company was gonna screw him over and he wouldn't get compensation. Lo and behold I just became a prophet. It's a sad state when everyone is expecting a screwjob to happen and it happens. Lawmakers are so head over heels with companies, when they ask for copyright laws, lawmakers would pass bills in a heartbeat. But when an individual citizen is asking for fair policy, nothing ever changes.
He's basically an emeritus professor at one of the biggest universities in the world and a Nobel Peace price winner. Now that's a dream.
I absolutely love the way Nakamura walks while wildly swinging his hands.
I thought it was so goofy and kinda reminded me of an excited little kid 😂
I also noticed that 😂
The gojo walk
I would 100% trust any person who walks like that. I believe its the ultimate way of telling if someone is genuine.
@@shirtstealer86lol then you probably never seen a meth junkie.... All of them swing their hands like that
Thanks! As a materials scientist myself, this was one of my favorite videos that you’ve made… very well done… as usual!
Wow, thanks!
this is something that always interested me when watching older movies, as there were only ever red and green lights in the props and stuff, glad to finally have a full story behind why it was so hard to get the final piece
The man really said "I'm interested in physics" like that's not the understatement of the century
My brother in Christ, you won a Nobel Prize for inventing one of most important physics inventions ever.
I love Theoretical Physics!, and I am a high school dropout.
@@BartzabelAlgol You can pursue what you like buddy, dropping out is not anything significant, All the best 😊
@@BartzabelAlgol Everything you would learn in college is easily accessible online for free. You can just learn the math on your own with better instruction online than random courses at a state school taught by first year grad students with zero teaching experience. Lots of solid professors have put lectures and course material online.
@@_PatrickO Yes, but to actually get a job, a degree is often a requirement for higher-level careers, and even when it isn't, it sets you apart from other applicants. The reason for why a degree is important isn't because of what you learn in college -as that info can be learned anywhere- but because it provides VERIFICATION and VALIDITY to your knowledge. Typically a job will help a person get the funding they need to begin doing any meaningful research on whatever topic they are looking into.
You are right in that college doesn't provide any exclusive or different info from what is already available on the internet, but the degree provides certification such that not just your average Joe Schmoe can lie their way into a job and fail to meet its requirements.
It is very rare when a regular person who has no degree makes any meaningful research papers or inventions. Those are exceptions such as Nikola Tesla. That being said people with the right approach and skill are those exception, at the end of the day true talent is still worth so much more than a piece of paper and years of paying off debt.
I have a PhD in physical chemistry, studying the energy levels of semiconductors, and I've never heard as concise and clear explanation of semiconductors from any of the courses I've taken, and then that information is made tangible in this human story. Great story telling, great science communication, great animations. I absolutely love your videos.
yeah, I'm a 20 year engineer in Japan and felt the same.
That is amazing to hear from experts in the field. It seems that experts usually find shortcomings in these simplified explanations of complex phenomena.
It made dummies like me understand it so it did a good job.
I never took physics past high school, and I understand the mechanisms behind electricity, conductors, and semiconductors a hell of a lot better after this video. It had never occurred to me that I'd never really seen blue LED's until I was in high school. The green and red ones were all over the place of course, but I don't remember blue ones. I'd wondered before about why LED technology seemed to just suddenly be *there*, and this video answered that for me.
Do you know that structured water can pool electrons and that mercury can act as a greedy semi conductor?
I had the opportunity working with LED long ago and we used only the best LED's, Nichia. I remember the blue LED gave out the most beautiful. It is so pure that seams like it come from a single frequency! Dr. Nakamura was cheated by Nichia but his Nobel Price is far more that money cannot buy. I salute you!
How ever the story telling structure for this came to be was the best story I’ve ever heard on a TH-cam video and I still can’t stop crying
Can we appretiate how Nakemura basically changed the world and yet he seems to be so humble ?
I finished the video and am sitting here like why isn’t this guy talked about more? He’s literally the reason the world is as it is today. Like working on something that long that was thought to be impossible? Makes me wonder what other big technological barriers we have right now that haven’t been solved
@@justinmaxon12 Anti-matter or dark energy. The moment anyone figure them out, humanity will bend physics to its core.. But lets not get too far a head of ourselves. A true perpetual motion mechanics isn't even been solve yet.
True change begins with a humble heart. It is only through humility that we can fully grasp the complexities of our world and its flaws.
@@justinmaxon12 Modern society is built on countless invaluable discoveries in various fields. Transistors, fertilizers, plastics, radio, cryptography and lasers are all of life-changing but most people (myself included) don't talk about their inventors.
@@justinmaxon12 This story is amazing, but there are countless of similarly amazing stories throughout our history!
This video is literally golden, I was focused the whole time, not a single minute was boring. I have learn huge amount of information, but not too much. This should be shown in schools.
True
Well, literally it's a bit more blue than golden, but...
(Sorry :P)
Yes! Is the right amount of entertainment, education and story
This is real education
It’s even bigger.. the blue ray laser came from this too. Toshiba freaked out cause they had just wasted years on HDDVD that was obsolete before consumer release. The blue ray could put 50 gig (dual layer) while the Toshiba HDDVDs max was 30 (dual layer). Sony would invest in the blue laser and Nakamura. Toshiba terminated the HDDVD in 2008. Wikipedia has it all if you search high definition disc wars .
I always think time travellers would be impressed by things like the internet and hologram concerts and digital audio workstations (basically like having a whole music studio inside a laptop) but before all of that, we’d probably need the blue LED before those things, so even just switching through colours on an LED strip would amaze them.
I absolutely love this channel, and have learned so much from it, but this might be my favorite video yet: educational, gripping, and heartwarming. Thank you, and thanks to Shuji Nakamura!
What a success story! I wish he was successful in compensation side in Japan, but I guess they lost him because of that. Happy to see him thrive now.
kek
😮
doesn't surprise me Japan is a garbage country when it comes to human compassion
hi mehdi
I love your vids mehdi ❤
I’m so happy Nakamura is being properly compensated for his work now. Nichia completely took advantage of him and he deserved so much more.
The part where Nichia still kept being stubborn despite Nakamura himself choosing to be the bigger man and offer his hand out first later on, really got my blood boiling.
Well, I guess money really can't buy class.
@@MostIntelligentMan Did you skip the first half of the video? Literally half the worlds experts in that space were trying to crack the puzzle, Toshiba alone spend millions in research. lmao 20 people
It's like, for years, Nichia indulged Nakamura's tinkering, distinctly against their better judgement, in his lab which must have seemed to them like nothing more than a money pit... and then, when Nakamura succeeds against all the odds and hands them the Golden Goose, _that's_ when they decide to screw him over?! Go figure them Japanese, huh?!
oh wow, you are not a smart one huh@@MostIntelligentMan
@@MostIntelligentManobvious rage bait
Nakamura is so humble and polite, he seems to be an awesome person
This story was enough to bring tears 😢
The passion this guy has for his work is truly amazing and motivating.
These are the type people whose presence has helped humanity, advance so much.
Thank you Shuji Nakamura for changing the world. 😊
"I'm interested in learning about nuclear fusion so I started a nuclear fusion company" is the most chad thing i've ever heard in my life
Dude for real
What does Chad mean
@@paulk7446a meme about an ultra masculine male with giant muscles, especially if referring to "gigachad"
@@paulk7446Chad is a 21st century reinterpretation of Nietzsche's Übermensch.
@@paulk7446it’s a Google away brother
This is my favorite Veritasium video. It goes betond the science and takes us through the life of a hard working man. He started from a fishing village, ignored his companies orders, and changed the world. He still has his values to thank Nichia despite the scum of a CEO, and saved himself from a lifetime of bitterness.
100% my favorite too, this channel seems to never miss with it's content; but this one stood far and away above all others. Incredible work Veritasium team
Same. Taught the diode process way better then anything I've seen before, and that was just the first 10 minutes.
Yeah, this was an awesome video. I hope folks can stomach some electron lessons to hear the rest in the video
by far in top 5 best youtube videos I ever seen
I think what adds the cherry on top of this video is that Derek visited and interviewed the creator in person.
Just so happened to find this video on Nakamura's 70th birthday. Happy birthday to the man that changed the world with a simple blue light.
There should be some intellectual law when someone does something that couldn't have been done without them, ensuring they get compensated appropriately. We salute you sir
Companies are ahead of you and make you sign a Patent agreement when you join the company and work on projects with their money. He should have gotten stock options but you should be nice to the boss who pays your salary too .
This was better than most Hollywood biopics and Netflix documentaries. Absolute genius and such a great man.
My gripe with most tv documentaries nowadays is they linger on some scenes without narration for unnecessarily long time. Like I get it, please continue with the story
Estoy triste porque es mi cumpleanos y no tuve ningun suscriptor
this could honestly be an amazing movie or a show if they execute it well
Most documentary will show the history of semiconductors for first 20 minutes, gloss over the minute details and cut out the fallout with the CEO.
My biggest gripe with modern documentaries is the docu-drama. Either make a straight up documentary or a biopic, none of these in-between stuff. They usually have bad acting, bad dialogue, and they can become repetitive because the actors just repeat what the narrator has already said. It really kills the pacing because you have this 10-minute badly acted scene when the narrator can just explain it in 2 minutes.
I love that guy he seems friendly and open to talk to everybody who knows about his story.
and humble enough to pretend he wasn't the sole reason there still exists research facilities dedicated to LEDs
Bloody bots everywhere
@@kiruthikpranav5047 yes. I almost didn’t notice how humble he was truly a hero for the modern tv screen age.
wrrr, say, can say etc any nmw s perfx
@@sudarshan3965 I ain’t no bot bud lol
Videos like this remind me of the utterly incomprehensible amount of hard work and dedication that went into the modern world. I wish it wasn’t so easy to take these miraculous innovations for granted. Thank you for this video and teaching me who Shuji Nakamura is.
Fascinating journey. I was working at Siemens Solar (formerly ARCO Solar) from 1990-1993, and recall taking "gas cabinet safety classes" in the Bay area and touring a Siemens factory. They had shown me the "blue LED manufacturing line", and recall thinking "wow, that's cool". I had no idea how difficult it had been to manufacture "blue". Thank you ....
Breaks my heart to see pioneers of science and technology getting screwed over by greedy corporations. Mr. Nakamura seems like a truly nice and genuine human being. Congratulations Mr. Nakamura
Can’t ever forget what they did to Alan Turing, saved millions and was done a cruel injustice.
Stop being an antisemite
@@IzmGunner01 God bless that old hag is 5ft under now. I hated her with a burning passion.
Tesla
one has to be fair here. its not about 'greed' all the time. thats just a stupid resentment. if you lead a company you are responsible for many things (jobs of all, income of the company and so on) and you cannot put money into everything people come up with - which is also why most startups fail. and people not reflecting that but fall into stereotypes are usually also the ones who blame in other cases a CEO/company for failures which are done if such things go wrong ('how could they with open eyes wasted that much money into a dead horse'? 'everyone knew that this was the wrong direction' and so on). And even Shuji Nakamura himself didnt know that outcome. The point here is that all superficial stereotypes either way are wrong. And the real problems are usually also rather if one acts against the reality ignorant - driven by stupid resentments. I think in even the most cases the success is due to one or a few individuals (a minority, not a majority) - but because of that understanding whats really going on is important. Resentments/prejudices are quite the opposite of that.
I got to see Dr. Nakamura give a talk about his career at UCSB. It was fascinating. He got a big laugh from the audience by claiming that the secret to winning a Nobel prize is apparently "working on something nobody else thought was a viable research direction". He comes across as very humble and personable in person.
I want to know how the people felt who talked him down after his discovery😂
That had to be an honor to meet such an important person in today's society. The majority of things we use today were shunned by investors during their initial research and development days. Dr. Nakamura is among the few great examples of great minds who ignored investors. I hope he's heavily invested in the blue LED stocks.
Lol, it should be obvious, but most people don't think about the fact that chasing trends usually won't work for most people, you have to be the one to set them. I guess the humor here is that it's so obvious that most people don't really realize it.
I saw him speak in New Jersey back in 2016. He’s an incredible person and told us about how everyone above him dismissed his efforts
@@fireared9244 They are still coping
Such an inspiring story. Doctor Nakamura seems like a charming human.
A remarkable video. Extremely satisfied with every bit of it. Explanations, animations, how it's written, everything. Nakamura's efforts finally payed off, as it's always has been with most inventions, it just makes me happy that he gets the acknowledgement he deserves while he is still alive, to live through it. Thank you for this content.
It must be insane being him and being able to look at so many things and go "that is directly the result of MY work and research", that's so awesome.
Yeah and we were staring at his work while watching the video too unless you had a CRT monitor.
This is extremely inspiring honestly! I really hope he published any books I could read.
Right? That has gotta be worth waaaay more than the money Nishia denied him. To be able to look everywhere and see the result of his life's work.
Nikola Tesla turning over his grave righrt now "SMH"
that is the dream of an engineer
Dude, you're out there interviewing people who actually moved our species years further in terms of progress and seeing him connecting with you so well and talk about his love for physics and knowing that you will definitely match the vibe is just heartwarming specially for a person who had such a huge impact on everyone's life yet never compensated properly for it. Bless your soul, Derek.
We aren't a species. We're humans. One of a kind. We've always been human. If you believe we evolved, you must believe that humans didn't all evolve equally all over the planet and some must be behind others on the ladder of evolution. Darwin certainly did.
@@RuminatingWizardWow, every word of what you just said is wrong!
@StayStrapped2A well, I kinda agree with the different pace of evolution you mentioned, to be honest (take remote tribes who refuse to/can't communicate with the rest of us), but that wasn't exactly my point. It's just that english isn't my first language, and sometimes I struggle to make my point come across clearly😅
@@RuminatingWizardare you saying arctic inuits and african savannah tribepeople have the same adaptation?
@@RuminatingWizard If you're a science denying religious nut why are you even here watching the evil devil's work? Don't you know the earth's flat, only six thousand years old and these so called LEDs are actually dark magic? Put down the desert cult fanfiction and use your brain.
We need to have a day where we say "thanks Nakamura". It doesn't have to be perfectly in sync with the world.
Just that everyone thanks nakamura when they see a blue led light
As a Phd scientist, this is my favorite Veritasium video and always will be. Veritasium sometimes doesn't get detailed physics correct like in quantum mechanics or his understanding in density functional theory. But, he's reaching many people with his work and encouraging them to study science. I am thankful for him showing one of the most inspirational stories in all of modern physics. Dr veritasium, your work here on TH-cam is admirable
Around the 27:45 mark, my laptop's battery was running out. The power button was blinking with a *blue light*, and I just kept staring at the blue backlit keyboard. It really made me think about how the things I use daily is someone's entire lifetime of work. Thanks for telling such stories, Veritasium. I appreciate your work.
lenovo ideapad moment
@@petervh1301 bro 😂 yes I have a Lenovo IdeaPad...
Good timing.
It wouldn't be a Veritasium episode without Derek explaining something like the P-N junction better than I understand it after my semester of solid state physics. This was a good one, and touching! I am glad he is getting the recognition he deserves.
Im in EE so I havent gone too deep into the actual physics of pn junctions, but I have never understood why holes and electrons have different mobilites. Makes a lot more sense now that I know the holes are in the valence band and the electrons are in the conduction band.
Right?! I never really got pn junctions in school. FETs made more intuitive sense. This would have been great back then.
I'm in high school and nothing about the pn junction was new. In fact it's all in my finals☠️
I watched the hole video thrice times, but I still don't understand even though I am trying :(
Man the video makes all the difference.
The textbooks diagrams can't come close.
This video reminds me why I switched from Electrical Electronics engineering to Cybersecurity.
I appreciate Veritasiums Channel so much. I was not aware abozt the whole story and it has been a stunning journey you tell with this video as so many others!
The animations used to explain how diodes, and specifically LEDs work, is the best and most clear explanation I've EVER seen.
There were multiple moments while watching that I said out loud: "Oohhhh, of course, that's why!"
Completely agree
Did not understand it at all..
I was about to say the same thing. The animation did a better job explaining LEDs than an entire semiconductor course did for me in undergrad!
I agree!@@nathansegers9293
I'm still lost, not sure what's atom and what there XDD, and the animations of the layers fade quickly. Might rewatch.
"And this is because of you"
I'm honestly glad you said that - I feel like Nakamura doesn't get enough credit for (and might downplay) how much of a part he's played in modern technology
The only ones who have gained from his tireless work are his old company and the parasitic lawyers who gobbled all his compensation.
Yes, this is what happens daily. They would keep him in court until he would be in financial ruin. That is why he settled for the money that probably paid for his legal fees and perhaps some minor payout, but that is IF anything was left. These companies can keep you in court for as long as they like, just to prevent you from getting some. They must make an example of your, otherwise everyone would be suing companies for giving you a tiny piece of what you give them in the end.
Now as your employer of course needs to profit from you in the end, but the ratio should be FAIR to some degree.
Hikaru Nakamura
@@acmhfmggrueven if so, it was not initiated by the company 😄
Applies to most technology and inventions to be fair.
truly excellent explanation of Semiconductors! I have taken MANY classes in semiconductors and this video even helped me understand a few things intuitively that I had been just brute forcing by memorization before! great video!
Thank you so much @Veritasium to bring this story Nakamura to the world ,his fight and run against odds to relentlessly pursue the blue led is a remarkable story such a humble person a true inspiration
He seems so friendly and humble. What a cool guy
Most Japanese in general but this guy is at another level.
And the way he walks, yo!
@@joeSeggiola That man earned the right to walk however he pleases.
bro is cute
@@lancepharker Everyone has that right, but his walk is the best!
Being an electronics engineer I can assure you guys this 30 mins video almost covered 100hrs of lectures and all the major topics about semiconductors.💙
This was so good I watched it twice. For a young engineer who finds themselves working thousands of extra hours on their own time to prove their ideas to management, don’t give up. If management can’t give you enough leeway, then it’s better to push it until you’re successful or fired.
My whole career I did this. It led to several breakthroughs where the leads would ask how did you do that? Stuff like claiming Java could run as fast as C and proving it out.
Never retreat, attack in a different direction. I never got fired for working an extra 4 hours for the company 😂
... almost...
Shut up
yeah... true
True! And better explained 🤣
Amazing video, haven't watched a full video in a while without skipping, this was indeed a pretty darn interesting video in my opinion!
When a lawsuit was mentioned the first thought that came to my mind was, the amount the company initially set out with to start the journey of the illusive blue LED, 500 million Yen.
It's honestly tragic how he got screwed over so badly by the company that he basically singlehandedly saved from the brink of bankruptcy.
Capitalism will always brutalize the innovators it depends on.
@@RchamTVwait till you hear about the inventor experience in the USSR
@@ericsilver9401 Whataboutism is not something intelligent people partake in.
@@ericsilver9401its almost like its a larger problem that stems from human nature and not because of your political stands
Both you and rchamtv are seeing only the front side of a problem without looking at its angles another fun human nature thing
Shocker
Peak CEO moment right there.
Science dissemination is a thousand times better when historical and personal contexts are included. Very good job.
Nicely said and told veritasium for giving this story to us. Nakamura your awesome!
2 times watching this, still emotional... Best presentation
31:00 the way he swings his arms while talking about nuclear fusion is so precious. What a happy dude
he seems quite hyperactive
Mental disorders and old age
The second I saw it, I went straight to the comments to see if anyone else saw it haha
@@piotrgraniszewski8544 "Anyone who isnt completely normal has a mental disorder." My brother I think you should look in the mirror if you're looking for someone with a mental disorder
he wants to get hired to work on deep state projects, the weird walking is not enough and his expertise is too late for going into exotic physics.
It seems a typical historical issue, the actual inventor of a particular item tends to get the shorter end of a large stick, while the upper levels of the ladder get the best rewards.
well, if money is the best reward for you, for me, what he ended up with is much more valuable than all the money in revenue for the whole LED industry.
an achievement of that scale, having spent your whole life for a purpose and achieveing the greatest of successes is far more valuable than all the money you could get, because in the end you'll die regardless, so being able to make a contribution that size to humanity, something bigger than yourself and all of us and that will outlast us, that is the ultimate reward for me, because as long as it serves a purpose for the advancement of the civilization, it's gonna be not just worth it, but truly meaningful, even if no one remembers who made it, just as long as somebody, like you and me, can take the time to appreciate what you gave to everyone else, i think that is far more success than some green paper tickets, and that is something none of the people in the upper levels of the ladder could even fathom to assess
History will forget their names, while he will go down as one of the greats
They won the battle, he won the war
With that said, people who progress humanity in this kind of way should be entitled to financial comforts. It's not a question of whether or not they are being exploited, of course they are- and they will hopefully be recognised fondly by the people in the know (that's the scientific and engineering communities). But they should still be rewarded with a good standard of living no matter their circumstance or future positions. @@candyman7084
That's all very nice but I gotta imagine if the guy had a few million free and clear, it would still feel pretty good. Financial security and all.
@@unclejoeoaklandHe had plenty of job offers from the US and now is a professor at UCSB. I'm sure he is more than secure financially.
Just became a member of your VIP group, and I'm so excited to learn from the best in the business. Thank you for this incredible opportunity!
Great presentation, the description of how semiconductors work was the clearest I've seen, thank you
As an EE graduate, you explain semiconductors, diodes and doping in such an intuitive manner, I finally understood how these things work. Kudos to probably one of your best produced videos of all time
Truly. Why did I never fine such visualizations before. I'm final year in IT though.
Why not just use blue transparent plastic?
@@__Mr.White__ I will have to watch video first to think if I could possibly answer it or not 💀
@__Mr.White__ they did. When they were showing the 70s stereo when the competitions "pseudo_Blue" were much less luminous. And how when they added yellow translucent caps to get a "pseudo-white" light.
Seriously! Like the whole N-type vs P-type which I will no longer confuse...!
As an electrical engineering student, I can say this was by far the clearest and most accurate explanation of diodes I have ever heard. This video was fascinating!
Right? I had the same thought that this video was a better discussion of the topic than I got in engineering school.
@@shassett79 agreed. ive always had a foggy memory of whats a p type and n type semiconductor but the visualization here is outstanding. also it feels so goddamn weird that we're alive w in the same time as this guy who basically had invented displays...damn i hope theres a space resort when im 60 lol. also props to my lecturers who use youtoob vids like these for lectures lesgoooo
I was about to make the same comment. I'm a materials engineer and I feel like this video could easily replace 40+ hours worth of electrical materials and semiconductors classes
you better be realizing that BJT is in reality a voltage controlled device at the end of this.
@@mbian0same762 Well obviously, you can't create the electrical forces necessary to force a current through the p/n divide without ample voltage (hence the energy inefficiency problem with the UV diode)
I didn't understand almost anything, but this is incredible. Now I want to know more about electrical circuits
I want to thank you for making this amazing video. I did a presentation on LEDs and I referenced the content in this video a lot. I'm a chemistry student and hearing stories like Nakamura's is truly inspiring and helps me keep going. You are a rare gem on the youtube platform.
Nakamura sounds like a true enthusiastic scientist. And a lovely character. The world needs more of him.
Giving very much anime movie I would watch!
*Veritasium inspires me... My parents said if I reach 25K followers, they will buy me a professional camera for recording... literally begging you guys* ❤️ ....
He teaches at UC Santa Barbara where I work. I've seen him give talks, he's an engaging speaker.
For real. He didn't even seem to really care all that much about the money he could have made. He just knew he could make a blue LED work.And he did, with essentially home made machines, by himself, with no support from his company. And he is still working on the next evolution of LEDs, it's honestly amazing.
@@叵 bro stop for begging you begger 🤬
That blur-shot of the 3 LED colors combined - creating various combined color combinations with added labels - was AWESOME!
same feeling here too
Tmkc
@@madhavkulkarni1 paaya kya hai aapne? bkl madhav 😊
Time stamp? I'm listening to most of this because I can't watch my screen rn
@@mcnotsodreamy0:41
As a physics student, your explanation of formation of pn semiconductor was so clear :)
Years ago, I was one of those "lowly technicians" with nothing but a trade school electronics certificate of completion but a high GPA. I worked in an R&D testing facility with a guy who had recently graduated with a PhD in physics. Over my years of experience, I had absorbed so much knowledge, that I found I had to "dumb down" my discussions with him so he could understand my thoughts. I found the same to be true of the degreed engineers in the company. I'm not saying I was smarter, just that the educated would do well listening to the experienced. We have more knowledge than can be gleaned from a textbook. In a few years I had advanced to become the company's Senior Electronics "Engineer" having never set foot on a college campus. My credentials were never called into question by management.
Usually, your videos are 15-20 minutes long but this one almost felt like a short documentary. It covered Nakamura's whole career and still focused on all the technical aspects of his work very well. All the electron energy band explanations and animations felt very intuitive with the subtle details like rotations being used to depict electric fields. The explanations neither felt too dumbed-down nor did the video feel overly technical and dry.
You are one of the few people capable of creating this kind of content on such a technical topic. Excellent storytelling without letting the science take a backseat.
I mean, it was a short documentary
not even that short, and definitely with better pacing and production than most stuff you see on TV
pretty dang good stuff
I’d say about a 1/3 of his recent videos are 30 min long.
Everyone already said basically what I'd say about this brilliant presentation, so I'll just say this.... l love science and technology underdog stories... gives me hope at 3am staring at code, a blank page, an empty canvas, or a bereft music staff. My pastor and I call this, when perseverance and faith meet opportunity... and God balances the scales. "I will bless the WORK of your hand" 😅 DJ xSUBn {(-_- )}
There was some BobbyBroccoli energy here
He does periodically drop this type of video. The channel is diversified with a few video format like on-site interview tours, but these videos are the real gems.
Nakamura seems like such a likeable guy. Changed the world but still humble. Great video!
True, never heard of him and now he is one of my personal heroes to look up to
Probably not when he was younger, he didn't even listen to his boss. It's crazy that the management didn't cut the budget for his division after years of tinkering with no result, maybe he had backup from his boss' dad, who was a risk taker.
@@mosubekore78 It wasn't his boss's dad. It was his boss's father in law. Which makes the situation that much more disgusting. The son in law gets to sit cozy in the CEO chair reaping all the rewards from the blue LED while Nakamura gets shafted. All the CEO did was marry someone's daughter. Talk about nepotism. Complete contrast to the hot cheeto's guy.
@@mosubekore78 What an odd assumption. It's a decades old problem which had larger companies stumped, the earlier management understood that R&D would take time. Tbh, the newer management did too, but wanted to control his direction in research despite not being scientists. None of the actors in this story were dumb enough to cut R&D budget because they knew the rewards of a potential breakthrough. I don't think it's arrogant of him to believe that he knew which direction of research was more promising compared to a son-in-law executive.
This could honestly be turned into a movie. It has all the drama and adventure of a typical hero's quest.
You explained the doping process of semiconductors in such an easy way for people to understand, it's incredible.
As someone who works in semiconductor design: Hats off to the visualizations in this video.
I have never seen such an amazing view of how semiconductors and their band gaps work.
Not only is this story fascinating, it is an actual learning resource. Kudos!
How does he even make them
Lmao like tons of semiconductor people saying this
@@GrodharHe spent a long time studying how to make videos. Videography.
He has explained his story in one of his videos.
@@Submersed24 rightfully so!
Very good visualization for laymen. Exceptional actually. But the physics depicted are misleading because electrons never pass through the band gap. They can't or they would be observed in this region, which they never are. This is why and how the band gap is defined. When the molecule is excited an electron will essentially vanish from the lower energy band and another electron will appear in the higher energy band. When the molecule shifts to a lower energy state the opposite happens and the energy is released as a characteristic photon.
I followed this basically in real-time when in Japan. I remember getting my hands on a first gen blue, then white LED and showing everyone I could, saying how it would change the world, and Nakamura was my hero. Of course no one cared, but here we are.
What a great man. The son in law is slime, handed everything.
You're so lucky to have met Nakamura!! He's so humble and hardworking. Still my hero.
The ch in Nichia (Nichia Denki) is like the ch in cheese.
I remember everyone hating on LED lights and now people don't want to buy bulbs that aren't LED due to increasing electricity costs
@@goldenhate6649 the earlier hate was warranted due to high cost, flickering, and narrow projection radius. All of that has been overcome by now.
Some people hate the new led christmaslights because the light is too cold and too mucht toward the blue spectrum. @@goldenhate6649
If only Nichia embraced Nakamura's personality, maybe they are one of the biggest companies in Japan.
Of course, Japanese people don't want change now, they got stuck in the Bubble era
@robotsongs Highly doubt it, people are intellectually lazy. It's easier for folks to focus on the negativity on something, especially if it's new. Instead of learning about what makes it tick and how it could be beneficial. People bandwagon the winning solution, it's a copout and disingenuous.
Dr Nakamura's determination is a beautiful story!! Thanks for sharing with us!
I have seen this video ten times and I still found it fascinating.
I have a PhD in engineering. I worked on GaN diodes in the past. But if I ever have to explain a p-n diode, band gap, or doping, I will just refer to your video. Excellent job Derek.
zip it up when you're done 🙏
@@asisfjyouve commented this on everything in this comments section, just what are you hoping to achieve
As an electrical engineer myself I must agree the explanation on the PN gap is brilliant
@@irishwristwatch2487A reaction that turns C into anger
I studied this in university so it was cool to see the visual representation!
Being an electronics engineer, I would say this is one of the best animations that I have ever seen to explain the LED conduction mechanism using band diagrams. Perhaps for me, this story conveys that grit, determination, and passion towards a particular problem statement can solve any obstacle faced.
This is the underdog story I never knew I needed.
Especially that part of keeping at it
the way he walks while talking about physics is so joyous and cute. this man is a treasure to humanity
This was surprisingly emotional. Watching someone go from shunned by everyone to the cover of all those magazines and then the Nobel Prize. Jeez dude. Made me teary. What an amazing human.
this is what genius is about, hard work and endurance, what a Chad.
I was just coming to say the same; teary-eyed from Derek's storytelling is becoming the new normal for me. He does such a great job showing the human side of science and engineering, and he treats them with care and respect. I love his videos like this.
@@ivanleon6164 Hard work, endurance, and LUCK. Don't forget there are thousands out there like him who will never find their breakthrough.
no such thing as shunx or for or etc
@@zes3813 Take a deep breath and type that in English.
This guy is the definition of resilience! What a humble personality glad his story is reaching more people
wrgg
He should have his own film
@@Yuhyuhmuhmuh this IS the film
His resilience is pretty normal when it comes to innovative fields. It’s just that a lot of the time, or most of the time when talking unsolvable problems , even resilience doesn’t get the results and you have to decide to stop. Remember, people before him tried for 30 years.
This reminds me of one of my lecturer. He goes around the campus and the place he live by walking while the norm is to at least use a motorcycle. I often see him in the mornings, getting breakfast and smiling to anyone he sees, climbing the stairs with coffee in hand to his office in the third floor, ect. He looks like he enjoys his life and clearly loves what he does, much like Nakamura. I love them so much for that. I wish for the best for them.
Wow he seems like a really chill dude, very humble
Every time I watch a Veritasium video, I get thrilled and impressed by the same 3 things:
1. How complex are the fundamentals behind solutions that we use on our daily lives. We shouldn't take them for granted.
2. How incredible are the people stories behind them. Humans can be awful and/or awesome in truly impressive ways.
3. How well scripted and executed are his videos, and how a good didactic, storytelling, and animation can make complex topics become understandable.
Thank you Derek. I would pay hundreds for your content, and here it is: free. You rock.
Exactly. Even as someone who studied electrical engineering (so the terms are not new to me), we don't pay enough attention towards the human side of it. In the end it's always about humans. Very inspiring video indeed.
These videos are growing in quality incredibly
I got to thinking the other day that these videos are better than the KPBS Nova series...
There is only one "s" in Veritasium. EDIT: Fixed now. Jrodartec had originally put "Veritassium." Too much "ass" for my taste.
We don't deserve someone like Derek but he is someone who we definitely desperately need.
I dont know why but this story enthralled me in a way that no other science story has. The determination and will power to keep going is staggering. Needs to be turned into a movie for REAL.
It's also the editing and writing of this video, absolutely expertly done. Proper documentary level work.
I've been ignoring Veritasium lately. But today I was reminded why I subscribed.
If you haven't, watch the first season of cosmos with Neil degrase Tyson. It's full of theses types of stories. A masterpiece!
This would have definitely been perfect movie material decades ago, but with the current attitude of using movies to push garbage anti White race propaganda just doesn't bode well. OK perhaps give it to the Japanese or Korean movie base, but for fucks sake do NOT let hollywank touch it.
And the impact it had on the world too
Sat glued to this for some reason! incredible story and I sorta understand how LEDs work now!
Just incredible. Thank you for making this video! I was a high school student when their lawsuit became a news, now I understand how big a deal the whole thing was.