Undying Shadow: Behind the Mythic Making of MGS1

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 297

  • @TheSafkan
    @TheSafkan 3 ปีที่แล้ว +167

    That opening music takes me back so vividly to first experiencing how powerful games could be.

    • @absentehhh8263
      @absentehhh8263 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Yeahhh that won't happen again lol

    • @Jurkosvk
      @Jurkosvk 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      whats the name of the song?

    • @yuvraj01
      @yuvraj01 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Policenauts!!!! Kojima if you got some free time any chance of a HD installment?

    • @JimBob1937
      @JimBob1937 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@yuvraj01 , it's probably owned by Konami.

    • @LUCKO2022
      @LUCKO2022 ปีที่แล้ว

      The game is too violet for you. Better go back to Mario.

  • @raydusty21
    @raydusty21 3 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    My favorite game of all time, I played it at 8 and am now an investigator, thank you hideo

    • @wrongwayup8217
      @wrongwayup8217 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      So crazy to read this I too am an investigator

  • @dadasdadas-k4k
    @dadasdadas-k4k ปีที่แล้ว +10

    The fact that Yoji Shinkawa arguably the world most famous and recognizable concept artist was a debugger and was noticed for his "art hobby" and the idea that the sound design for MGS1 was done by a student is the most inspiring, cool and insane thing I've heard in quite a while

  • @M4dM4n96
    @M4dM4n96 3 ปีที่แล้ว +59

    I've been watching your channel for about the last two years and man, your content is really up there now.
    The level of attention to detail, right down to the pacing of your videos, it has really raised the bar in video essays.
    Your use of behind the scenes footage, actual clips of 90's adverts and conventions, magazine articles and interviews, not to mention the deep dives into certain aspects of real world life - you have reached a level that most content creators can only dream of.
    You're creating documentaries.
    That's how far you have come, that's how well you have done.
    You deserve every view, every like, and every subscriber.
    Never stop, man.
    Much love from England.

  • @Mechanicoid
    @Mechanicoid 3 ปีที่แล้ว +55

    I remember seeing guys playing with Lego in EGM decades ago, wondering what the heck a Metal Gear Solid was. Later on, my buddy would show me the game and the intro alone was mind blowing.

  • @bebopobama4686
    @bebopobama4686 3 ปีที่แล้ว +60

    It's crazy how this Futura puts out an hour long MGS documentary weekly, the output in insane

  • @ciaranmcgrath3273
    @ciaranmcgrath3273 3 ปีที่แล้ว +143

    It seems this guy Jorin works very hard at this.

    • @quikstefan
      @quikstefan 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Haha

    • @foxhound91
      @foxhound91 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      This guy is my hero

    • @Ezekiel-pc4ef
      @Ezekiel-pc4ef 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Lol

    • @sergiootero5904
      @sergiootero5904 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You could say.....
      Hey, you're pretty good.

    • @ciaranmcgrath3273
      @ciaranmcgrath3273 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@sergiootero5904 Pretty good feels less impactful than working hard. It's almost an insult to minimise this guy's prolific output.

  • @Sheogoratful
    @Sheogoratful 3 ปีที่แล้ว +58

    The old konami intro it's sooo charming always loved it

    • @fl0a226
      @fl0a226 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      The Policenaut Theme. Fell in love with it the first time I heard it

  • @havocbringer2100
    @havocbringer2100 3 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    MGS was the first story-heavy game I directly experienced. Back in 2000 I watched my brother play it. To say that the Cyborg Ninja section was memorable is an understatement. The whole game was a revelation of what was possible in gaming beyond the platformers and fighting games I knew and played before.

    • @360Fov
      @360Fov 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      What they did with the PS controller, and having it vibrate so it moves by itself etc.. was amazing. Not necessarily the most technically amazing thing, but the idea behind it is genius.

  • @roc5291
    @roc5291 3 ปีที่แล้ว +33

    I remember going to my cousin’s house for Thanksgiving in 1998. Didn’t own a PlayStation at the time, only a N64 and thought spy games were only like Goldeneye 64. I remember playing the intro and the dock scene before we left his house to go home. I don’t know why, but the music in that scene just stuck with me the whole ride home. Felt so epic. I remember getting a PlayStation soon after and this game was my first game. To this day, it’s remained my favorite game of all time. Felt like you were playing the best action movie of all time, in video game form. Judging by the amount of people who have remade certain scenes of this game with modern technology, I would say that I am far from the only one that this game struck a deeply personal cord with. I’m so blessed to have this game be there for my rise through childhood. Thank you so much for all of your hard work on these videos on this series. It’s definitely my Go To channel for Metal Gear content.

  • @dbprod.7428
    @dbprod.7428 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Man this is so well done! Bookmarked! Im 39 and this is still my favorite game of all-time.

  • @JFinker73
    @JFinker73 3 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Kojima has always been ahead of his time.
    Not only with his visions of the future of gaming - but with everything.
    The man outright prophesized the state of controlled information flow and using 'Memes' in Metal Gear Sons of Liberty.
    Hideo will always have a special place in my heart and soul.

  • @NLynchOEcake
    @NLynchOEcake 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Dude, such a hard nostalgia trip with all the OG Metal Gear soundtracks. Possibly the most tragic loss the series has experienced, part of Metal Gear's soul died with that music lawsuit. Something about that game's sound design is absolutely timeless.

  • @bloodnchocolate
    @bloodnchocolate 3 ปีที่แล้ว +44

    "Hideo Kojima is now thirty."
    It doesn't matter when you read this.

    • @trscsaeg
      @trscsaeg 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @kevin weinz Ai doesn’t age. It just updates itself

    • @swanclipper
      @swanclipper 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      one day he will be 65 and suddenly turn into a leather boot.

    • @bloodnchocolate
      @bloodnchocolate 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      I really think he'll just look... forty.

    • @SW-zu7ve
      @SW-zu7ve 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Since the sections are broken up by date and he flashes year on screen all throughout the vid. Seems like most people would have the braincells to figure out that is when he turned 30.

    • @PRATERVXEX
      @PRATERVXEX 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@SW-zu7ve we got it, thanks ;)

  • @themanwithtwofirstnames2197
    @themanwithtwofirstnames2197 3 ปีที่แล้ว +102

    I quit playing metal gear to watch this

    • @darkgreenrifleman4871
      @darkgreenrifleman4871 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Me too.

    • @pedrogabriel3158
      @pedrogabriel3158 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      same lol

    • @kennycooper294
      @kennycooper294 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      dont worry its still in a cut scene

    • @gamestream2k983
      @gamestream2k983 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Too me this is the citizen Kane of video games still my favorite game today I wish they would release it on ps5 and no not a remake the original

    • @nallgire
      @nallgire 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      play the damn games. no one knew this history back in the day. you just played and enjoyed.

  • @solidsnake3362
    @solidsnake3362 3 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    MGS 1 will stay one of the best games of all time no doubt.

  • @greenhowie
    @greenhowie 3 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    In awe at the editing of this, really captured that mid-to-late 90's feel.

  • @Samtagri
    @Samtagri 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    The monologue of Sniper Wolf before she dies hits you like a train. “Sirens and bombs were my lullabies”... wow!!!

  • @halofly3
    @halofly3 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I remember picking up a demo disc which included this game and playing through it dozens of times.

    • @kennethphillipsii
      @kennethphillipsii 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You’re taking about the Pizza Hut demo with the infinite rocket launcher in the back of the truck.

  • @Martin-jk2ng
    @Martin-jk2ng 3 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Once again Jorin, you made another quality video. The MGS nation appreciates your dedication.

  • @johnpaulyoshida5690
    @johnpaulyoshida5690 3 ปีที่แล้ว +37

    "Secretly Photograph As Many Restricted Areas As Possible" Jesus Christ!

    • @ME-ci8zi
      @ME-ci8zi 3 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      wonder who was responsible for taking pics of any pinups they saw?

  • @LoveSickWorld
    @LoveSickWorld 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I seriously appreciate you always making MGS content. You're the only person I see these days still talking about it. There is so much to talk about with these games its insane

  • @saiyansnake
    @saiyansnake ปีที่แล้ว +2

    MGS1 is one of my favorite games of all time!!!!

  • @treyshoes8828
    @treyshoes8828 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Who else almost starts cutting onions whenever "The Best is Yet to Come " plays?

  • @EricTheBroBean
    @EricTheBroBean 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Solid Snake is heard saying multiple times throughout the series, "Im no hero, never was, never will be."
    Thank you Kojima for the greatest stories ever told!

  • @none6316
    @none6316 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    In the Darkness of Shadow Moses: The Unofficial Truth. Good read and people, if y’all haven’t read it I suggest you check it out. Good for when you’re bored to death and getting that deathly gut gnawing craving for anything Metal Gear related.

  • @tomhoward4905
    @tomhoward4905 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is peak Futurasound and I literally cannot get enough.

  • @KBXband
    @KBXband ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This games story, particularly the parts with Meryl being shot and the end of the game, make me emotional. And that is pretty hard to do with PS1. Thank you Hideo and everyone who made this game happen. It's a wonderful story.

  • @tyo101
    @tyo101 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    A truly magnificent EVE, Jorin - possibly your best one yet.
    This video provides context, insight and an appreciation of MGS, from the path that led to it, to its development, and its legacy.
    It was great to see credit be given to the team that Kojima led for the development of MGS, not just the brilliant auteur himself. It was also nice to see the importance of the voice acting and Jeremy Blaustein's localisation of the game (to English) be highlighted.
    Thank you.

  • @KazumaIshinpabu
    @KazumaIshinpabu 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great job bro I’m loving the episode of Futurasound! MGSV

  • @Drbuddz
    @Drbuddz 3 ปีที่แล้ว +26

    Oh boy, this is gonna be a good one to watch.

  • @ocpofficialrep7026
    @ocpofficialrep7026 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    wow i was at the "National Training center " years later after kojima visited but it is cool to think that he was there. Metal gear solid ps1 is the greatest game of all time.

  • @knightshousegames
    @knightshousegames 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    It's absolutely mindblowing to me to think about the premise that MGS deliberately didn't use FMVs to keep the visual style consistent. I took that for granted, never really giving it a second thought.
    It's also so wild to think of MGS being so directly influenced by FFVII and Resident Evil. MGS, FFVII, and RE2 are like my Mount Rushmore of Playstation. I spent so long seeing them in isolation that thinking about the fact that they were peers, contemporaries of each other that all saw each other as competition is just so weird. This is so mindbreaking because they were all in different genres, albeit genres they defined or redefined. But in the end, they were all visionaries just trying to push the entire medium forward in different ways.
    It would just be my absolute dream to get Hideo Kojima, Shinji Mikami, and Hironobu Sakaguchi in one room together, talking about those days, and game design philosophy in general. Between these three men, Games are what they are today because of something one of these three did.

  • @Varjuk
    @Varjuk 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It would be wonderful to experience this game fully remastered. It remains a masterpiece to this day.

  • @ArtofLunatik
    @ArtofLunatik 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I hope your channel never gets deleted or amything. Your channel is GOLD for mgs fans.

  • @mutalix
    @mutalix 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks Jorin, your always A team.

  • @Turnipa
    @Turnipa 3 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Bro keep fucking things up👍 . This is one of the few channels that offer good content .

  • @kremzinc6745
    @kremzinc6745 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Words cannot describe how flawless this was to observe. It deserves more views, imo. Just excellent across the board 👌🏼

  • @snakeish8667
    @snakeish8667 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Best Metal Gear content. Hands down. Can't wait for the next upload.
    Don't *keep us waiting.*

  • @HebertVargas
    @HebertVargas 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Excelent work, im glad that someone took the time to share so much details about this gem

  • @youtubevarietyhour
    @youtubevarietyhour 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    As a life long MGS fan since I first played the 1999 playstation demo, I never thought there would be MGS info that I'd be surprised by. Today this video proved m there is so much information I was unawares of and loved every minute of it. Great job researching and putting it all together.

  • @iancoop4537
    @iancoop4537 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Best videos to watch while working 10/10 would recommend

  • @SirRoman1998
    @SirRoman1998 ปีที่แล้ว

    You have no idea how good it is to see MGS2 on your shirt. That’s how we know you are an old school fan of the greats ❤❤ thank you Jake

  • @3DSage
    @3DSage 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love how in-depth and detailed your video is on one of my favorite games! :)

  • @M4ruta
    @M4ruta 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Of all the criminally underrated channels on TH-cam, there are few like this one. The quality of these documentaries are simply astounding!
    Speaking of games and cinema and philosophy, would you never consider making a (short) video about how Silent Hill 2 play with narrative and perspective in an interactive fashion?
    EDIT: seems you were ahead of me, there already is one. :D

  • @samn5367
    @samn5367 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I was never really interested in history until Jorin explained its influence on MG. These video essays are primo, keep it up man!

  • @MatthewBester
    @MatthewBester 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is arguably some of your best work. Lots of information here that was news to me.

  • @ExcelBaller
    @ExcelBaller 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I was 11 years old when this was released and helped shape my child hood. This is peak childhood for me

  • @AJDOLDCHANNELARCHIVE
    @AJDOLDCHANNELARCHIVE 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    The best video game of all time in my opinion.

  • @cristianbenitez2462
    @cristianbenitez2462 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have to say Jorin lee, this channel and your videos are a real treat and I just wanted to say thank you, for all the work you put in this, this is passion.

  • @SuperBailey
    @SuperBailey 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This is officially the best youtube channel.

  • @Trask899
    @Trask899 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Phenomenal episode on one of my all time favorite games! thank you!

  • @WanderSeth
    @WanderSeth 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    If policenauts and snatcher were anime, I’d probably love them as much as I love Cowboy Bebop

  • @PhilosophersLegacy83
    @PhilosophersLegacy83 3 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    I rented this game from a blockbusters in 97 not knowing anything about MGS. Stayed up all night trying to beat it lol. Only got past Mantis. Played every game since.

    • @leegeddyfan
      @leegeddyfan 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      you mean 1998?

    • @himynameis3664
      @himynameis3664 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      How did you get Meryl's codec number without the original game case?

  • @davidgray2805
    @davidgray2805 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Kept you waiting huh? Nice video..love 90's

  • @jamestheredd
    @jamestheredd 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    There is nothing like the music is MGS1. Pure nostalgia.

  • @gezoutenmening
    @gezoutenmening 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Fantastic video. Deserves a lot more views.

  • @pgr3290
    @pgr3290 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I spent most of Christmas 1998 arguing with a friend over whether Half Life or Metal Gear Solid was better. Him advocating for Half Life on PC and me for MGS on PlayStation. Neither had played the other game through properly yet. So we swapped and played through and came to the conclusion both were the best games ever made up to this point in history lol

  • @trendkiller-
    @trendkiller- 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome work, so happy to go back in time. Nice to know the history in depth.

  • @luismiguellopezx
    @luismiguellopezx 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Mgs1 was the best at the area console. Best experience I did enjoy ☺️

  • @goncaloferreira6429
    @goncaloferreira6429 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    An amazing video
    MGS was truly an impactful game. It has great music and sound effects, uses the power of the playstation for huge voice acted content, fuses story and gameplay like no other before. It earned it´s place in history. In a word: revolutionary.

  • @jamesrowland2002
    @jamesrowland2002 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Loved your content for a long time and these latest long form videos with all the production are absolutely fantastic, top work.
    I like to listen to this series when i'm going to bed, my only suggestion would be that some of the audio levels, especially with music are a bit inconsistent
    i love the gaps and breaks where the music comes in and how it segments the video, but sometimes the music is super loud and then its faded to almost nothing behind the narration, and the narration itself is often quite quiet. i'd suggest summoningsalt for a great example of how he brilliantly balances the audio to make the whole video really smooth and naturally dlowing
    Great work, loving this series and can't wait for the next installments. Learning so much.

  • @mbe102
    @mbe102 3 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Oh shit, its an hour, FUCK YES! Happy Monday, I'm in it baby!

  • @himynameis3664
    @himynameis3664 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I remember playing this demo when I was a kid. Could not figure it out at all. When I finally made it up the elevator at the 1st area it just blew me away. Could not wait for the full game to release, when I picked up the case and saw it two discs I was beyond excited

  • @hajime5486
    @hajime5486 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow with how popular Snatcher was, you would think it would get a HD remaster to PS4 and Switch

  • @eskimoe187
    @eskimoe187 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    this is my new favorite video

  • @CyanSkyAnfall
    @CyanSkyAnfall 28 วันที่ผ่านมา

    I learned so much from MGS1 when I was 8 than I ever did from any textbook or real life experience. Truly a great experience.
    Funnily enough, my late Father actually got this game because a co-worker said, “You’ve got to play this game!” and I just brushed it aside for the longest time because I was judging it by its cover.😂

  • @RafaelSampaio1
    @RafaelSampaio1 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This deserves a hundred times more views than it has now, one day the algorithm will catch up!

  • @chengzhou8711
    @chengzhou8711 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks for the video, boss. See you next week.

  • @avo_gato_sloth354
    @avo_gato_sloth354 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good Stuff. Metal Gear is one of my favorite franchises. In the 90's when I was in my teens, this game(along with RE) but mainly this game is what made me transition primarily from fighting games(street fighter and Mortal Kombat) to games that were story driven. So many amazing memories with this game. Thank you Jorin for putting this together.

  • @phunkym8
    @phunkym8 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    yeah i think cutscenes with ingame graphics are much better then little prerendered cgi movies like in ff7 through x-2 for example

  • @JanisTreijs
    @JanisTreijs 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great job, man! Very interesting stuff.

  • @evoLx
    @evoLx 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love that intro theme❤️ great work Boss!

  • @realizedvisions
    @realizedvisions 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I am not the only one that always thought this had the best MGS soundtrack, am I?

  • @raydusty21
    @raydusty21 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Support this guy boys make this viral as hell

  • @logangurt2667
    @logangurt2667 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    "Simple and effective control system" yet having some of thee most complex and satisfying controls

  • @mbe102
    @mbe102 3 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Not first! But never last!

  • @ElricSowrd
    @ElricSowrd 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I'm aware that Otacon weapon is supposed to be knowledge and that the Cyborg Ninja originally wasn't planned in the game. Thanks to the MGS4 Making Documentary.
    50:37- But I heard that Kojima intended Psycho Mantis's last words to be "Strange...Such a nostalgic feeling.", but when he found out that Jeremy Blaustein had been changing his work, he cut ties with him for a more literal one-to-one translation. Starting with MGS2.

  • @TheLittlestBark
    @TheLittlestBark 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    What another great video, love the breakdowns

  • @lukabrasi001
    @lukabrasi001 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    crazy to think they had so much smoother animations back in the closed demo, showing Snake doing the MGS2 combo, literally the same animation

  • @RipplzMusic
    @RipplzMusic 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    they should give you the best signoff on youtube award

  • @DesertFishHQ
    @DesertFishHQ 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Your essays are ace Jorin ⚡️

  • @WoodDemonX
    @WoodDemonX 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    The plots for MGSV and 2 border on near genius. MGS definitely some of the best, if not the best, lore and character development in the history of the industry.

  • @SugarMilkbro
    @SugarMilkbro 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fantastic video. My favorite games of all time. Still playing 2&3 on xbox

  • @breaku45
    @breaku45 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    First played msg from the Pizza Hut demo disc. Masterpiece

  • @CornishCreamtea07
    @CornishCreamtea07 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    6:15 that image is so fucking cool.

    • @tyo101
      @tyo101 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Genuine goosebumps at that moment

  • @airjordan4ever
    @airjordan4ever 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    MGS truly re-defined gaming, it was very influential on future games. I don't think there have ever been games like the MGS series made. Hideo Kojima managed to give the games' characters personality.

  • @SkylontheWolf
    @SkylontheWolf 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’ll admit; during the first minute, I completely forgot what video I clicked on, and was confused AF for a sec.

  • @solidsadd
    @solidsadd 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This has got to be one of my favorite videos so far. Love the structure of it all

  • @TheSoulCrisis
    @TheSoulCrisis 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Terrific video, great job! MGS is one of my favorite old school classics!

  • @Raziel_Winged
    @Raziel_Winged 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Like + before seeing the video cuz I know for the fact it's good
    Keep the good work

  • @Truffle_Pup
    @Truffle_Pup 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    32:20 watching this part again, now that the Boba Skip has been found, makes me think that Hideo knew there was a way through all along

  • @andrewnelson2801
    @andrewnelson2801 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Top quality. Truly. If there was a Mount Rushmore of MGS content creators, you would be on it. For certain.

  • @AnselmoFormolo
    @AnselmoFormolo 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Another great essay Jorin!

  • @monstermental
    @monstermental 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I want to know, who the hell gave this video a thumbs down? This was incredibly well done! You have my subscription, sir.

  • @aadipie
    @aadipie 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for this jorin. Playing gta 4 but this is worth pausing for

  • @TurboMintyFresh
    @TurboMintyFresh ปีที่แล้ว

    How lucky I was to live through such a great era

  • @TsiSiFa
    @TsiSiFa 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What an incredible intro

  • @davidadams5757
    @davidadams5757 3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love your work man.

  • @Slavic_Snake
    @Slavic_Snake 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Make a video about portable ops