The Most Difficult Tire To Create - All Terrain
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ค. 2024
- All-Terrain Tires Must Work Well In Every Possible Driving Scenario
Thank you to Hankook for sponsoring this video! www.hankooktire.com/us/en/tir...
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The most difficult tire to create is arguably the all-terrain tire. In terms of the various styles of SUV & Truck tires, the all-terrain is a bit of a blend between a tire dedicated almost entirely for on-road driving and a tire dedicated almost entirely for off-road driving. With tires, specialization is the name of the game. It’s much easier to make tires that perform well for very specific scenarios, but the Dynapro AT2 Xtreme needs to do absolutely everything. It’s difficult to overstate how challenging this is. We’ll discuss the tire compound, tire structure, and tread design, to learn how to optimize a tire for all environments.
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The more you understand the abuse tires are designed to deal with, the more amazing it is how they work as well and as long as they do.
Yeah, especially for the cost. I know they are expensive but when you consider the design, materials, sizes, liability, shipping, marketing, etc. It's amazing you can pick up 35" or 35" tires for what you can.
And not just last a long time but be reliable. Last thing you want is a bunch of tires randomly blowing up on the road
Tires blow my mind🤯 always have. Even the basic expectations, like just staying on the bead and not constantly failing.
I beat the absolute crap out of tires. They do amaze me, but so do roadside tire plug kits and slime.
@@jbird1173 How do tire plugs work??? Seems so ghetto. Bulletproof.
As a former tire tech/salesman who tried really hard to learn the actual science behind tires so I could get people the right tire better, I /really/ wish you were making these videos 10 years ago. Still, love to see it now, lots of cool info.
A like how your sponsors actually provide content and information that adds to our understanding of the science behind their products. Great job Jason! Looking forward to more
Thanks, it's really nice to hear this! I do *a lot* of work behind the scenes working with (and more often than not, declining to work with) sponsors, and I try to make sure it's an educational experience, with access to engineering being an important part of it. It's difficult, but it's really cool when it works out, and in this case Hankook has been really good about getting engineers in front of my questions.
@@EngineeringExplainedood to hear. I have been using Hankook tyres on my 4WD wagon for over a decade. Currently using mud terrains.
Actually it's good to air down in basically all offroad scenarios. Not only does it give you more grip in things like rocks but it DRASTICALLY softens the ride on uneven terrain.
Also really helps to reduce punctures.
Except hard pack snow. Higher PSI is better there.
@@evictioncarpentry2628 I don't wheel in snow very often but it's good to know that is the way to go! Thanks
@@olliehopnoodle4628 The higher PSI reduces the contact patch and puts more pressure to the ground helping the tire bite the hard snow or ice better.
Its about the only time you don't want extra floatation from reduced tire pressure.
@@evictioncarpentry2628 Thanks! That's great info! I appreciate your explanation.
Now I really want to see @TyreReviews make a test in an offroad vehicle comparing every type of tire (summer, winter, all terrain, etc.) in all conditions. I'm really interested in the differences in performance between all these types
Not the type of comment typically left here, but after an exhausting and challenging week (currently dealing with ADHD/autism burnout), waking up to find a new EE video just... really calms my brain down 🥲 Thanks, Jason. I really hope to meet you someday and thank you in person for all the joy and knowledge you've brought me
This was very warming to read, let's hope next week goes better! Thanks for dropping a comment. :)
I too love EE videos only thing that makes me sad is it's not very often that I get a new video
"ADHD/autism burnout" because that's a medical condition that the medical literature is quite clear on. Oh modern Gens and their excuses and self pity. tsk tsk.
I second that praise.
And just happened to get back from a long overdue off-raod 4WD day trip with my BFG AT Baja’s that don’t mind my Suburban at all. But these Hankooks look great too.
Thank you - you have answered some long term questions that I have about tires. Growing up on logging roads in Oregon we used lots of offroad tires, but at 71yrs we use AT tires for our 3/4ton PU & 4Runner. This video is very helpful as we prepare to buy new tires for our 4Runner. Thank you again!
4runner will go dang near anywhere with a decent all terrain on it.
Have been using Hankook AT2s for a while now. Have found them to be a very good all rounder, with excellent on road performance, and adequate off road ability. Comfort on and off road is exceptional I have found.
I love you’re content so much. You so clearly and simply explain concepts regardless of how complicated they are.
I feel that a good way to gauge how well someone understands a concept is how simply they can explain it to someone else.
Really kind of you to say, thank you!!
Being a long time off roader, we also air down our tires in rock so as to make them less likely to be punctured. Airing down also makes the ride more comfortable on washboards as it helps with the absorption of bumps that vibrate the vehicle terribly. Really, anytime we go off-roading we air down.
As someone who lives the off-road side of the Auto & motorcycle industry, I love the videos you do related to these segments ! Always very well done man. Topic for a future video? : off-road long travel suspension on production vehicles !
This would be very interesting with how the suspension needs to interact on the road while still being capable off-road
I don’t have an off-road vehicle, but I’ve got Hankook’s Kinergy GT tires in my Celica. They’re fantastic in the snow and last forever and the second set I’ve used.
Finally someone who listens and isn't driving an endless money pit!🎉
@@dankshiz69 Who beamed you down?
I found the Kinergy GT to be pretty terrible in snow and ice, at least our wet type of snow in western WA. They were compliant and generally good in the dry. Michelin and Pirelli use a higher silica compound which seems to hold to the slippery stuff better.
Tyres are quite the field of acoustics, performance, and efficiency! Thanks for shining another light :)
You are kinda on kick about tires right now. May I suggest you go and talk to O'Neil racing or DirtFish about the unique needs of rally tires. You think all-terrains have a tough job.
Not as in depth but I do share some good details on them here, with Subaru's rally team! th-cam.com/video/1971DmZC41s/w-d-xo.html
Edit: Worth noting, while the rally tire environment is certainly tough, rally tires aren't so worried about noise, ride comfort, rolling resistance, and a tread that lasts 60k miles. OE road tires really do have an incredibly difficult challenge to overcome.
Well, tires are very fascinating, the only component that connects the car to the road. Especially high performance tires face various unique engineering challenges.
@EngineeringExplained if I hike the trail with the mountain goat carrying my luggage, the grip is always there.
@@DefinitelyNotEmmaNot necessary. All components you can touch on the outside can touch the road, but that's less favourable.
@@Donnerwamp lmao, true
I bought these at2 xtremes for my f250 and honestly they are a phenomenal all around tire. They are quiet on road, have good wet weather grip, and do good off gravel roads. It was awesome for Jason to use them in this video as there actually isnt that much out there about them. I always like to appreciate the engineering in tires. Really surprising more people don't consider them as these hankooks beat a lot of all terrains in terms of longevity and efficiency, and are more than servicable in light off roading
Hankook has proven to be an Amazing brand lately
@@dimmacommunication Hankook has factories in China though while BF Goodrich tires are made in Alabama and Indiana...
@@hithere7382 Hankook has plants all over the world, including one in Tennessee
@@devo3243 mhm and bf Goodrich only has 3 and they're all in the continental USA.
@@hithere7382 That doesn't exactly inspire the confidence you think it does. Not many automotive products made in the US are better than those made elsewhere, it isn't the 1970s.
Awesome video about tires. Exemplifies why people like engineers love them - they are all about creative problem solving, with no possible perfection, only the ability to cleverly and creatively approach perfection. A playground for engineers and for hermenueticists! Thank you!
BFG factory employee here. The customer expectations for NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Handling) for AT tires has increased exponentially in recent years. The KO2 was tweaked to improve it over the years, but needed a design step change for KO3 deployment.
The company launched the Trail Terrain line to provide a more road-friendly option for consumers who honestly only want occasional/mild off-road use.
Edit: almost forgot. OEM’s HAVE to improve fuel economy. It is FAR easier to get 1-2% less rolling resistance than increase ICE efficiency or vehicle aero by the same amount. This is why silica tread compounds have been proliferated (but are a nightmare to mix/extrude).
I have no doubt that all that abrasive silica imposes a lot more wear on your moulds and other tooling as well. But that's the tradeoff we make.
Please give me some details on how the BFG A/T KO3 tyres are an improvement over KO2s I have today (that are nice, but disappointing in the mud and snow).
I am thinking of purchasing the new KO3 tyres.
Thank you!
I remember reading an article about rubber compounds having about 20C of optimal operational range.
+10 - +30C for summer tires.
-10 - +10C for studded winter tires.
-20 - 0C for studless winter tires.
Temperatures bellow optimal means the tire get to stiff with more slippage as a result, and above means to soft with higher wear.
How do do all terrain tires handle this problem?
The redesigned Chevy Equinox has an Activ trim with General Grabber tires and I'm thinking I might buy one, but knowing nothing about all terraine tires, this video is an excellent tutorial for me. This also applies to all of your videos that explain the technical details for us typical drivers. Great job.
I would love to see a deep dive like this into top of the range racing slicks! Like F1 tyres, perhaps. What are their rolling resistance and noise profile like? This was fascinating
I have the standard AT2's on my 16 Explorer and love them. Kudos to Hankook for making a great ATT
Nicely done and quite informative. It would be nice to "go behind the scenes" so-to-speak to see how tires are developed in the lab as well as how they are actually manufactured.
As someone studying mechanical engineering, you're an inspiration of how we shouldn't be engineers for that paycheck but be able to explain to people who get ripped off by these business just because they can't understand the science behind. This is really educational.
Tires are incredibly cool! I look forward to more videos like this one. Thanks for the excellent content!
Simple, sweet, informative, loved the video, I’ve been running hankook atms on my old Toyota been looking at some at extremes for my new ford!
I live in rural Western Australia, and it's awesome to hear about the engineering that goes into the tires that pretty much everyone religiously gets for their cars.
From the years of your amazing videos, this may be one of the one of the most informative. Thank you so much.
Thanks for explaining the reasons for various tire design features.
tie blocks! learned something today!!
I've only ran All-Terrain tires on my truck since I bought it since it sees a little bit of both on and off-road driving. I will say that even some of the more affordable options fit the intended role of such type of tire very well.
The tires I currently have on my truck are the General Grabber A/Tx. The tread pattern is very similar to the BF Goodrich KO series, but actually has more sipes per tread. On-road, the impact on fuel economy hasn't been very noticeable, particularly with highway driving. As for noise, I have not noticed any excessive noise from the tires (granted, my truck's exhaust setup is very loud, so the difference between this A/T vs a highway tire is likely maske by the exhaust).
Off-road, they've performed very well, even in mud. My buddy, who goes off-roading more regularly than I do and recommended the Generals to me, reported that they handled snow exceptionally when he had to drive home from one of his adventures in a snowstorm. In fact, he actually prefers the General A/Tx over the Bf Goodrich.
All of that being said, it's not surprising how much thought has to be put into the design process of this type of tire.
This is so interesting. I am never tired of learning about cars from you! Thank you 😊
I live in Southern California and off-road all most daily. It’s a half mile to my house on dirt. My wife and I run fire roads constantly and my favorite longest lasting tire that takes the most abuse has been the toyo open country at 3.
The Firestone Destination A/T2 is a very good jack of all trades tire. Consistently in the top 3 of most dry/wet/snow, on and off road tests.
Weirdly I noted a VW golf in my works car park had a snow tyre on it and it's 25°c outside right now. Then this video popped up 😅
An excellent explanation ! Concise and easy to understand . I hope to see one on how the new All Weather tires compare to the All season tires 🤓
The noise reduction by different sized blocks doesn't reduce total noise, but spreads it out spectrally.
Think 5 pianos with the C key being hit on all 5, V. 5 different notes being hit.
Same total noise - just in different spectral "buckets" so less intense at any given bucket and so less annoying.
That is a great video on tyres Jason. Most informative. They work well in Australia too.
I'd argue that tire noise is not so much related to air pumping but more to tire/compound rigidity. On tire contact with the road during rolling, the surface of the tire comes into contact aggressively with the asphalt which generates vibration and mechanical stress. When the compound is hard, it won't absorb that stress and attenuate it but rather will distribute the vibration along the surface of the tire and further will be transmitted into the air surrounding the tire and finally will reach the ear.
On the other hand, when a soft compound tire comes into contact with the asphalt, the mechanical stress and vibrations generated by the impact will be absorbed by the soft compound and the amount of remaining vibration which will be transmitted into the air around will be much less, resulting in less noise.
What I say is that you can have identical tires when it comes to tread but different compounds and the noise they make would be very different.
This can be best tested in void having a microphone inside the tire. The harder tire will generate higher noise inside the tire even though outside the tire is no air: just void.
I have these on my 4runner. So far I'm liking them.
My big thing I've noticed I had theses an I'm on Ko2s now. They both seem to like to hydroplane. I'm due for tires at the end of the summer. Gonna try the wildpeaks.
@@thresher455 how’s the road noise on these vs the KO2’s that you have now? I have KO2’s and thinking on buying the dynapro next to try them out. Thank you
Ko2s are great at hydroplaning and not grabbing in general. They also wear out really quick - got 14k on my Raptor's stock K02s, which was average for those of us offroading.
Got cooper st maxes and they are much better. A friend got the AT2 and really likes them. My tires have way more grip everywhere, but are more loud than I like.
That was the Best description of tire features I have ever heard. Thank you!
I had Hankook Dynapro ATM on my 1999 Jeep Grand Cherokee and loved them.
One additional thing is that these tires are also rated and tested for high speed performance. All terrain tires would be at most H rated tires which means must be able to sustain speeds of up to 130mph or 210kmh. This adds another layer of complexity in balancing off road and on road performance. Great video 👍🏼
Great job explaining the tire design trade-offs. I learned a lot. Thank you
Great video. Thanks. My tyre choice is yokohama geolander AT G015. The hankook in this video is very similar and would offer all the same noise ride and grip qualities.
I've owned the Hankook Dynapro ATM RF10(predecessor to these) for the past 4 years on my truck and I absolutely love them, they're amazing in any and all conditions and a really smooth ride.
@Text.Engineering_Explained no I got something for you
Michelin does this significantly better than any other manufacturer with the LTX A/T2. They are not even in the same league as what Hankook has to offer. They also have the same warranty and I get 85,000 miles out of a set.
The problem for Michelin, is that it doesn't have the aggressive tread for the "look". But I agree with you.
That BRONCO looks so SICK. 🤩
We a JLU Willy’s Wrangler that came with the Firestone mud terrains and they look cool but they are definitely really bad in the rain, and the steering response issue you mentioned with the big blocks also translates into weird dry braking performance.
Tire videos are always appreciated!
Outstanding video !!
Thank you !!
Thank you Jason, another excellent video.
Just in time for getting some new tires in my truck!
I got a set if these several months ago on my 07 4Runner. I love this tire so far. AND it was one if the cheapest options. I am very impressed so far.
Did you get this new "HankookDynapro AT2 Xtreme" or the "HankookDynapro AT2 RF11"? AT2 Xtreme seems not that cheap.
@@LionRunner the xtreme. It was when I bought it lol
@@xlxphoenixkingxlx lucky you...!!!!!😀😀 Now its more expensive than the Toyo OC 285/70R17SL I bought few months back.
Kenda Klever R/T! Done and done ‼️Best truck tire I ever rode on. Love the on road ride and drive, off road traction would be impressive for a mud tire much less a hybrid like this. 3 peak rated too.
That tire and wheel combo looks good on the Bronco
In Poland we use to say: "If it's good for everything, it's good for nothing" You can't have everything. If you have good offroad traction, you won't get quiet and low rolling resistance on asphalt.
Yep, the same can be said about any "2 in 1" products - for example the all seasons tyres are worse during winter/summer than the specialised winter/summer tyres.
I didn't know anything about tires going into this video, but this is cool to know. Thank you.
You could also elaborate on how the tread blocks can “lock” to create extra stiffness in certain motions.
I watched another video that showed tire deformation over small rocks. The less wide tires seemed to deform more than wide tires.
I bought a diesel truck 09 gmc two years ago that came with new mud terrain tires and 18” non stock rims. They where very loud and the cabin noise and vibrations where horrible. I swapped them out before they needed to be replaced because it was very uncomfortable with vibrations and noise. I got new rims and tires. 16” rims the smallest rim that fits and 33” tires that are 9” wide. Toyo ATs. My family enjoys riding in the truck now. It’s quite and the vibrations are all gone. These tires at 60psi deform and the tire soaks up little bumps. Night and day between 18” rims with muds and 16” rim with ATs. With the new set up there is a bulge where the tire meets the road adding to the tire deforming and complying. So nice. It changed the whole experience. I barely drive it. It’s just used to tow a boat or truck needed trips.
Tinkerers adventure was the skinny vs wide tire video
Great vid! Thank you!
Yay! Love your tire videos!
Just bought these xtremes, pretty happy with them on my RAM 1500.
Have you had experience with the prior AT2? I have those currently and am curious what changed to make the Xtreme. Both tread patterns look quite similar and I think the standard AT2 is still being made.
@@ALMX5DP I do not, had to get new tires for my truck and researched all the available all terrains and for the cost, 70k mileage warranty, 3 peak rated and weight I thought the Dynapros were the best option. A buddy that owns a repair shop said that he's seen guys with 80-100k miles on these. I wanted the xtreme for more tread depth as in Wisconsin we get a decent amount of snow and as soon as most tires get below 5-6/32" they get pretty sketchy.
@@Hangovna How the noise from the AT2 on the highway? What tires dod you have prior on the Ram and how would you compare noise and ride quality of the two tires?
@@4Cabin They are louder than factory but I find all terrains get a smidge quieter as you put some miles on them. I had factory junk Bridgestone tires that only lasted 30k which were definitely quiet and smooth but offered little off road traction so these are louder/stiffer but still not bad. Factory size was 275/55R20 (41ish pounds) and I went up to 275/60R20 (43ish pounds). Fuel econ is maybe 0.5-1mpg less.
@@Hangovna Thanks. My 2022 GMC Sierra came with the Bridgestone Duller AT RHS. They are smooth and quiet but really lack off road capability and are not good at all in snow/slush conditions. Living in New Hampshire these lacking capabilities are a real problem. So thats why iI interested in 3PMS rated AT tires like the AT2 Extreme. I'm also considering the new Kumho AT52, Vredestein AT, BFG Trail Terrain, Hercules ATX Journey and the Nokian Outpost AT. There are others but I also dont want tire noise to become an issue since we use the truck for long road trips.
Very much enjoyed this. The Trailblazer needs new tires before winter.... these are now at the top of the list to research...very good presentation. Just to mention tires are a fascinating subject and way to overlooked from bicycles to semi tractor and trailer rigs. Thanks again.
I love tire tech videos!
Great subject matter as always. Nice job on this one.
i don't understand why you Americans don't change to winter tyres when temperatures drop down to freezing. In Sweden it is the law. That's why you never see those winter videos with cars slipping down frozen streets like pinball balls from Sweden. Changing to winter tyres when necessary saves money by reducing accidents significantly.
Amazing video and topic!!
Great video. I just bought a truck with these tires installed on it. Great looking tire. Hope they perform just as well.
Thanks 4 all the great information. I am going to buy new tires 4 my Tacoma soon. This video is a lot of help. 👍🖖💪
I love Hankook. i am running Dynapro XT. (Hybrid / Rugged)
Thank you for enlightment! 👌
Thanks for your contents
Solid video as always! Care to explain weight distributing trailer hitches next?
I've had my hankook dynopro at2 lt for 50,000k.. nearly 4 years. Awesome tyre
I love all terrain tires. We have a set of Falken Wildpeak AT3W on our jeep and they're awesome.
Yes I have them on my p38 Range Rover. Excellent traction and good road manners.
All terrain tires specifically those that are three-peak snow rated are my favorite tire for all of my vehicles. Goodyear Wranglers or if I need a smaller tire then Yokohama Geolander G015's either tire is great for basically any vehicle type dispite what conventional wisdom may say.
My favorite. I have these on my Colorado now and had them on my F150 previously.
Great information!
Great Info..
I find this oddly fascinating. Thanks for the info!
You didn't mention the construction of the tyre/tire carcass, which is the most important part of any tyre.
Tires have come so far in my lifetime. I remember going on family vacations 60 years ago and there were almost always tire failures. It probably didn't help that my dad packed the station wagon to the gills, put 2 or 3 canoes on the roof, a boat and trailer out back and drove like a bat out of hell.
Anyway, my relevant comment is I have had several All Terrain tires that were remarkably quiet. The Pirelli Scorpion tires on my RAM 1500 are basically inaudible. Now there is a fair amount of wind noise but that's typical for the vehicles that use All Terrain tires.
There are also small 2/32" protrusions embossed from the bottom of the grooves, these are called rock ejectors and they also help throw any stones out!
Usually the 2/32” nubs are wear indicators. Most modern tires have them since the 80’s.
When 2/32 tread depth is all that remains, it’s time to replace the tire.
👊
Yes! They do have these on the MT tires.
Great video idea jason
amazing video 👍
Great video!
Tires are way too interesting lol. Great vid, thank you!
awesome knowledge right here!!!!!!!
I am a mechanical engineer and am still amazed at tire technology.
Got an mv6 ex poolice car. It's buggered, but I've a doner engine to collect.... looking forward to the omega project. They are awesome cars😊
You know you're going to see some quality content if EE releases a video on tires.
My FX4 Ranger came with Hankoook Dynapro AT tires, and they were absolute trash offroad. The OEM tires have one job, and that's to last until the warranty period for wearables is over and be as light as possible for fuel economy. I replaced them with BFG All Terrain TA KO2's which are much heavier, but a significantly better on and offroad tire for my application.
not to say Hankook tires are bad, but the ones Ford chose for the FX4 Ranger were not suitable for the application for some uses.
My F-150 had the at-m tires. I was fairly impressed with them they did fine in deep water with a sand bottom, light off road in wet grass and snow performance was adequate. I would describe those tires as jack of all trades master of none all of those situations I went in the tires did just okay not bad but not really good either. I replaced those tires after 58k miles and six years of service because of excessive cracking and 5/32nds is when I yard tires. Replaced them with the Firestone destination x/t which seem to be doing fine for my application.
Tread depth: more volume = more volume
Don't have the Extremes, but my Frontier came with the Dynapro AT2's...
Worst offroad tire I've ever seen. I put my 10 year old KO2's on and have never been happier.
I got an f350 and aftermarket tires rims and it wears in such a way that when driven slow it actually cuts into the ground they call it cupping but feel it it's sharp
The difficulty becomes apparent for those that have ran several diiferent A/T's as the best are truly impressive [as all-arounders] while the worst have several dramatic flaws like short tread life, loud like M/T's, not being decent on OR off-road, bad in snow/ice, and so on.
Very happy with my Falken Wildpeak AT3/W on 18 Ram 1500. I have the P's and not LT which were cheaper, lighter, softer riding, and just more practical for my usage as a daily driver, mostly unloaded and infrequent towing but plenty off-road occasions.
Looks like I want at2 extremes now. Maxxis razar AT’s are all the rage here in Australia at the moment, good tire bad wear.
But the Yokohama equivalent. Geolander go15 Having much straighter circumferential grooves . 🤔. Which might mean slightly noisier , less all angle off road traction , but better on road wet traction?🤔
Great video.I have always wondered what the difference is for tyres that are rotation specific if you have the opportunity can you explain please.
High load (D+) all terrains I like nitro terra grapplers. For load C all terrains the BFG KO2 is undefeated. I hear these hankooks are pretty affordable though.
C rated K02s come stock on raptors and they are garbage. My set lasted 14k, and that was about average. No grip anywhere pretty much. Got some Cooper ST maxes and despite being way more aggressive off-road they have similar or better grip on road, which is sad. They are a bit louder than I'd like tho.
@@T4nkcommander I bought my raptor at 53k on it original tires on the front new ones on the back (dealer special huh). Put about 10k on it then I got 4 brand new BFGs. Got about 13k on them now and they are wearing in perfectly
@@krisramos7453 how much high speed offroading do you do? They don't last long under the conditions the truck was built for, but I reckon the "raptor specific" version saves Ford money and gets better mileage, so there's that at least.
@@T4nkcommander my truck does either beach running (15mph speed limit on most beaches here so I’m not flying) or crawling through woods trails. Also thousands of miles towing an aluminum boat. Other wise it’s a lot of highway
Fascinating.