Tibial Stress Syndrome - Shin Splints

tibial stress syndrome.
tibial stress syndrome, commonly called “shin splints,” refers to pain in the front part of the shin where muscles attach to the bone.
This pain occurs when the muscles, tendons and tissue around your shin bone (tibia) become inflamed.
Shin splints is a cumulative stress disorder.
The increased activity overworks the muscles, tendons and bone tissue and prevents the body from being able to naturally repair and restore itself.
tibial stress syndrome is one of the most common causes of exercise-induced leg pain.
It is usually due to overuse and occurs in athletes who participate in repetitive activities,
especially running and jumping.
The condition can also develop in athletes who have suddenly increased the duration or intensity of their training.
it is also common in military recruits and people who march or walk a lot.
Many factors may increase your risk of developing tibial stress syndrome:
Having an anatomical abnormality (such as flat feet, high arches or very rigid arches.
Exercising with improper or worn-out footwear.
running on uneven or hard surfaces.
The pain of Tibial Stress Syndrome can range from a dull ache to a sharp, intense pain.
Pain may be present with early activity and subside with continued exercise,
but may also persist throughout the activity.
Typically, the pain goes away when the athlete rests,
though in very severe cases, the pain can occur throughout the day, even without activity
and continue even during rest.
There are 2 main types of shin splints,
depending on which area and muscles of the shin are affected.
Medial tibial stress syndrome is the most common type of shin splint.
It causes pain along the lower two-thirds of the inside edge of the shinbone.
The other type is called ‘anterior tibial stress syndrome’,
where the pain tends to be along the front and outside edge of the shinbone.
The painful area may also be swollen and sore to touch.
in severe cases, it can be difficult to differentiate between tibial stress syndrome, tibial stress fracture and chronic exertional compartment syndrome.
Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome is an uncommon condition causes symptoms like shin splints.
it is a painful condition that occurs when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels.
I will discuss the chronic exertional compartment syndrome later.
I've already discussed in details the tibial stress fractures.
tibial stress syndrome is diagnosed based on a review of the patient's history and physical examination of the lower leg.
If the doctor is unsure of the diagnosis, an x-ray or MRI may be used to rule out a more serious condition, such as a stress fracture.
Treatment.
standard treatment includes several weeks of rest from the activity that caused the pain or discomfort.
The suggested amount of downtime is typically about two weeks.
Apply ice packs to the affected shin for 15 to 20 minutes at a time,
four to eight times a day for several days.
Ice helps relieve the swelling and pain of shin splints.
Do not apply ice directly to the skin.
the doctor will often suggest physical therapy,
with the patient following a lower extremity strengthening and stretching program.
Take a Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (Nsaids) to reduce pain and swelling.
Wearing shoes with good cushioning during daily activities will help reduce stress in your shins.
People who have flat feet or recurrent problems with shin splints may benefit from orthotics or shoe inserts.
Almost everyone makes a full recovery from tibial stress syndrome with conservative treatment.
It can take anywhere from three weeks to four months.
Before returning to exercise, the patient should be pain-free for at least 2 weeks.
Keep in mind that, when return to exercise, it must be at a lower level of intensity.
the patient should not be exercising as often as he did before,
or for the same length of time.
he has to warm up and stretch thoroughly before he exercises.
he has to increase training slowly.
If the patient starts to feel the same pain, he has to stop exercising immediately.
and use a cold pack and rest for a day or two.
then return to training again at a lower level of intensity.
Increase training even more slowly than before.
Surgery is rarely used to treat shin splints.
Surgical treatment is an option that is considered only in very severe cases when conservative methods fail to relieve pain.
This surgery is compartment fasciotomy + release of painful portion of periosteum.
In this procedure, the doctor will make cut in the fascia tissue surrounding the calf muscles.
This can potentially relieve some of the pain caused by shin splints,
but not likely to cause complete resolution of symptoms.

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