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Western Front Artillery At The Outbreak of World War 1 I THE GREAT WAR Special
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 ส.ค. 2024
- World War 1 was a war of artillery, 75% of casualties are attributed to artillery fire. And since the late 19th century the development of field canons, howitzers and mortars had made rapid progress. We are taking a look at the standard artillery pieces of the German, French and British Army at the outbreak of the war in this first part of a new series.
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» WHAT ARE YOUR SOURCES?
Videos: British Pathé
Pictures: Mostly Picture Alliance
Background Map: d-maps.com/cart...
Literature (excerpt):
Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. A Complete History, Holt Paperbacks, 2004.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. A Combat History of the First World War, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. 1914-1918, Profile Books, 2013.
Stone, Norman. World War One. A Short History, Penguin, 2008.
Keegan, John. The First World War, Vintage, 2000.
Hastings, Max. Catastrophe 1914. Europe Goes To War, Knopf, 2013.
Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Schöningh Paderborn, 2004
Michalka, Wolfgang. Der Erste Weltkrieg. Wirkung, Wahrnehmung, Analyse, Seehamer Verlag GmbH, 2000
Leonhard, Jörn. Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, C.H. Beck, 2014
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» WHAT IS “THE GREAT WAR” PROJECT?
THE GREAT WAR covers the events exactly 100 years ago: The story of World War I in realtime. Featuring: The unique archive material of British Pathé. Indy Neidell takes you on a journey into the past to show you what really happened and how it all could spiral into more than four years of dire war. Subscribe to our channel and don’t miss our new episodes every Thursday.
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My hands down favourite thing to see Indi do is angrily pronounce names in other languages.
Especially the German ones. With that barbaric undertone.
Templar Knight - I loive how he pronounces Jutland *_"yoootl-lnd"_* 🤣
I like artillery, it's always a *blast*
Argacyan maybe you're not familiar with TH-cam etiquette, but the comments section can become really explosive and hit you with a barrage of comments
Argacyan Eheheeeeh
Dads please
Lol dad jokes
The overwhelming surprise of your humor came as a *boom* to me
Last time I was this early Conrad von hotzendorf was considered a brilliant tactician
Vladimir Kichev
It's a joke, mi familia
Count Swagula 😂 Well that was a very short period....
He still is... somehow.
Count Swagula c
So never? gg^^
Very nice episode! It's always fascinating to see the back and forth of technical development.
recently been watching your videos. very fascinating presentation on the rations. Never knew chocolate wafers were a food of delight in the trenches.
Hey you should do a video on predictions for the battles featured in the next two DLCs for bf1. Cool video man.
Cool
Hey Indy I was an artillery man, 13B, for a few years. It's kind of crazy how artillery is all but being phased out of modern warfare due to jets and drones. But to the point I wanted to make is the artillery museum at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where I did my AIT, is pretty bad ass. And yes the French 75m is the grandfather to artillery. Should check it out if you guys can, they have some pretty cool stuff there. Also the national infantry museum at Fort Benning, Georgia is pretty cool too. I'd say there both worth checking out
If we ever make it across the Atlantic, we will keep those in mind.
Ukraine war has certainly been the renaissance of artillery. Drones feeding targeting data to artillery has been the deciding factor. According to Michael Kofman, Javelins and other missiles have gotten the press while artillery has done the actual damage. So I hope that warms your 13B artillerymans heart :)
Artillery will always be the big boys of warfare, it's destructive power can never be matched by modern drone and jets firepower.
You guys did a really nice job editing the footage from the era in this episode. I could picture myself in those shots. The timing and flow was very realistic and helped the shots come alive. I'm sure that isn't easy to pull off well with different frame per second standards from the era.
Wasn't the shell from the Paris gun the first man made object to enter the stratosphere or am I thinking of the Gustav guns?
Yes!
Mr McCrumple the shells went so high that the artilleryman had to calculate for the rotation of the earth
The Gustav was just a overscaled mortar
Peter Stadlmaier ummmmm no it was an artillery peice not a mortor
Mortars are pieces of artillery.
My great grandfather was an American artillery man. He probably indirectly killed a lot of people.
Space Man with a big smile on his face! artillery is fun
Space Man MURICA!!
Probably turned a lot of dirt ^^
+Advanced Darkness He still served in Meuse-Argonne so he probably did kill more than a few Germans.
He probably directly killed many people with indirect fire.
Thats the crazy thing about WW1 + 2. The Wars were so large, that even the Researve weapons had to be used on the Frontlines. and I cant imagine how much of a Logistical nightmare it is to try to produce and get all that ammo to the frontlines.
7:20 is the Siege Howitzer featured in Battlefield 1's "They Shall Not Pass" DLC, I believe.
Flakfire Cool! Nice to see you here Flakfire😉
yeah, i think so too! that's cool. although it would have been cool if they had designed a different version for the Germans to use.
Flakfire I didn't know you watch this? 😁
but in battlefield you can only shot like 200 meters with it
I love your videos flak fire
Why not just use trebuchets? Imagine the devastating power of launching a 90kg stone projectile 300m
Harry Manocha old meme
Why not, the French had the bovine ammooonition ready in the film already.
We could use a catapult, and throw the Ring OVER Sauron's defenses!
John Cole Yeah, but Sauron would hire Richard Sherman to intercept it midair. If the guy can pick off quarterbacks, he can pick off the Ring-bearer.
Phi6er key word there being damage. If the Romans used trebuchets those barbarians would stand no chance
I would like to point it a slight spelling, and naming error in the episode: The French artillery piece's full name is actually "Canon de 75 Modèle 1897", the latter part simply meaning "1897 Model/Pattern". Can't just have a Modèle on its own, the poor thing would get lonely without an attached reference!
The French 75 had quite a long life in various iterations. The US adopted it in 1917 and it was the primary US field artillery piece until replaced by the 105mm just before WWII. The flat trajectory made the 75 suitable as an anti-tank gun in the early part of the war and it was mounted on a half-track as the M3 tank destroyer. It was also the basis for the M2/M3 75mm gun used on the Lee and Sherman tanks and also a lightened version, the M5, mounted on the B-25 medium bomber for anti-shipping attacks in the Pacific. It was inadequate against the heavier German tanks of the mid and late war but overall it was a good, useful weapon.
I have just spent the last month watching every video you guys have made and I have to say this is just the best TH-cam channel I've seen. Genuinely impressed by what you've put out here for us.
Every nation goes to war expecting to fight the previous war.
No, just shortsighted ones.
trauko1388 history says the complete opposite. How does one predict the way war will be fought? Why do you think so much innovative ideas just so happen in the years of war? Because everyone is thinking of new ways to kill the other person first
History says that morons get caught trying to fight the last war, not everybody.
Innovation always happens, war is just the ultimate incentive.
ARE you kidding? All armies spend their existence devising new ways to kill the enemy.
You are talking from an anglo point of view, Germany for example entered the war with heavy mobile artillery, grenades, flamethrowers, radios, air recce and mortars, elements pretty much all new and absent in other armies.
They also new that front charges on prepared positions were suicidal, hence Belgium, so no, not everyone goes into war with outdated expectations.
But dumb people certainly do.
trauko1388 the Germans didn't even use flamethrowers until 1918 you donkey. How did they enter the war with flamethrowers
Great content. Keep it up!
I read that the German have focused on producing and using medium and heavy artillery (105mm-420mm) while the French focused on producing and using light artillery like the legendary 75mm field gun.
This video just proved it was right. A great thank for this channel.
Yeah,they had even more heavy artillery pieces than France-Britain combined during all period of the war.German doctrine was depent on mostly firepower of artillery instead air superiority or tanks.
Thank you for all of the info you are giving us ! I am writing a WW1 sci fi novel and I always come to your chanel and find what I need to answer my questions . Merci Beaucoup !
Great TH-cam Chanel .... congratulations from Brasil!
The canon de 75 modéle, the famous cousin of the Lee-Enfiëld N° ? :P
German soldiers complained that the french artillery was shooting "as fast as machine-guns"...But until 1917, there was indeed a great disparity in numbers. The germans invaders fielded 5000 77mm light artillery and 3500 heavy, from 105 to 420, while the french were facing them with 4000 65 and 75mm guns, and only 380 of 120 and 155mm guns, and some old 220 & 270 mm fixed, siege guns. (add to that 6 machine-gun per regiment for the french against 12 for the germans )
canicheenrage Yes,during ww1 German Army’s firepower was incredible.And German army had more machine gun and artillery than any other country during ww1. But huge respect France.They fight like lions aganist Germany.
Great vid Indy, great channel!
Welcome to the Great War team. Finally, the episode I was waiting for. I'm sure it will be a wonderful series on the evolution of both the artillery itself and the tactics of their use. The Great War has brought us into the world of modern artillery, in which, despite technological progress, we continue to this day. I look forward to more episodes. Too bad they would not be too detailed, but they would have to last for at least 20 minutes. It's such a deep and broad subject. Good luck with that. Question to OUT OF THE TRENCHES: How big is the role of allied armaments factories in the colonies? How important was the civilian industry in them? Or did they still remain restrained in investing in these colonies at the expense of their own States despite the distance from the fronts of the Great War? Once again, you do a great job.
one of the best episodes yet!!
I can't believe Indy was hospitalized and STILL is making videos for us! Get well soon, Indy!
thank you for a great series of programs.
The Greek Army in WWI operated five main arty guns:
-The Schneider-Danglis 75mm 06/09 a gun of Greek design. Major Panaghiotis Danglis designed it in 1893 and convinced the French to produce it in the early 1900's. The French firm Schneider-Creusot produced it in 1906 under the designation "Schneider-Creusot MPD/MPD-5" (MPD-5 was the mountain gun easy to disassemble and carry) and saw action by the Greeks in WWI, Greco-Turkish War of 1919-22, WWII, and the Finns (who used it under the designation 75mm LK 13) in the Winter War.
-The Škoda 75mm/Model 15 (used by Austria-Hungary under the designation Škoda 7.5 cm Gebirgskanone M.15).
-The Canon 120mm Long modèle 1878. The Système de Bange was designed by the French arty colonel Charles de Bange in 1875 and saw action in WWI (by the French and the Greeks), and in WWII (!!!) by the French & the Germans (!!!) The Finns also used it during the Winter War.
-The Schneider-Canet 75mm/Model 1908.
The Greeks also operated a small number of Krupp 65mm mountain guns (Krupp 6.5 cm Gebirgsgeschütz), Krupp 75mm (Krupp 7.5 cm/1904), spoils from the two Balkan wars, and Škoda 105mm Howitzer.
my favorite weapon, finally you did episode on the most important weapon in ww1 that killed the most people in the war the artillery
Wonderful content. Love the format, concisely informative.
Thank you for the incredible presentation.
Glad you like it!
the british learnt a lot about modern artillery during the Siege of Kimberly in 1899. The Boers laying siege had much better artillery provided by the Germans and managed to do major damage with it. Unfortunately the defense of the town proved to be better against infantry than artillery and the Boers were defeated
Ah artillery, adding dignity to what would otherwise be an ugly brawl.
comme ntor lol
That's a quote from Frederick the Great, isn't it?
IKR
I loved this episode. My favorite episodes are ones like these that talk about weapons technology or tactics developed for the war. Looking forward to the next artillery episode. Maybe you could do a similar episode about machine guns, or maybe C&Rsenal or InRange could help with that?
At last! Ive been waiting for a detailed artillery special since 2014 😀
Great work, as always!
The Royal Armouries in the UK may be a line of enquiry worth exploring. They have an Artillery collection at Fort Nelson and they likely have some expertise and archive information that may be available.
They also have a large amount of expertise in firearms and an extensive collection.
Artillery is always hard to overcome in the best of circumstances in the modern day. And the Great War artillery pieces are great examples of this. Great job.
Artillery the God of war the final argument of the Kings, really loved this episode, always had a great interest in artillery
Nice flag in the background.
Great video as usual.
Great show. Thanks.
Yes Indy we need something like this about Korean war.
Another great episode.
This is one of the shell, you see? **cover half of the shell with both hands**
viktro546 well the part he covered looks pretty much the same as the part he didnt cover
lol k nerd
Interesting. Good job!
You mentioned how the vast majority of casualties were caused by shrapnel from some type of explosive. We can't forget trench mortars,hand grenades,improvised explosive devises etc etc etc. With the advances in high powered rifle technology,you could be killed at 1000 yards. Most gunshot wounds either died instantly or bled to death very quickly. Siegfried Sasson wrote a poem about the forward dressing station. Check it out. It never ceases to amaze me how many ways there was to die on the Western front. Thanks for all your hard work. Cool episode.
Why would anyone dislike this video? These videos are amazing to say the least.
Damn!, I should have paid attention at my differential calculus class.
For Indy and The Great War team. In the US Military the artillery folks, those that fire the artillery and those that call for fire, use the phrase "king of battle" when talking about the use of artillery on the battlefield. I have been informed that this began in WWI, however I am hoping you could tell me who coined the phrase? Love the show and hit the like button before the episodes even start. Thank you all for all the work that you do.
Very well done. I have much better understanding of this subject matter now. Thanks.
I wonder if there will be a special episode about general Nivelle for the Nivelle offensive
We are on the centennial of the offensive. Very interesting, because the Germans suffered almost as many casualties as the French, but its cited as a disaster, probably due to the munities that occurred. Nivelle seems to hold artillery in the same way Haig placed confidence in cavalry.
Recent historiography is really questionning the whole "total disaster for the french" idea. The Nivelle offensive, even though it never reached its initial goals and led to the mutinies of 1917 (which were more like a strike really, as soldiers kept fighting and only killed a handful of officers, 5 on the whole front IIRC), also bled the Germans and destroyed a whole bunch of german equipement.
Plus, overall, the reorganization that followed the mutinies allowed the French to take some rest, while equiping and training the Americans.
It's mostly considered a disaster because it had realistically unreachable goals, and because Nivelle didn't call it off when he saw it was going to be a great breakthrough, as he had promised to do. What's worse, he knew the Germans knew about it, and decided to launch it anyway.
I actually regard Nivelle as more of a donkey then Haig. Thanks for replying Indy. I've followed since august 2014. Here's a question for out of the Trenches( unless its answered on Thursday in the episode.) : How did Nivelle believe ultimate victory would be accomplished in 48 hours , that is to say; with the unrealistic goals and over-ambition in the planning, did he think the Germans would be so overstreched and short of manpower the lines on the western front would completely unravel even though they were fighting on home soil? Thanks a lot and keep up the great work- Colin Wolf
You can start with Jean-Yves Le Naour's 1917 and Offenstadt's Le Chemin des Dames. Neither implies that le Chemin des Dames was a glaring success (it obviously wasn't), but, while being critical of Nivelle and of the french stubborness to break through the German lines when it was clearly not going to happen, they also explain that the offensive was a heavy blow for Germany, too.
Overall, the idea is the le Chemin des Dames wasn't particularly worse than many other battles of the time, and the only reason why it is so regularly criticized (while others are barely mentionned) is because it finally led to a soldier strike. One that is still is culturally a big deal in France (with la Chanson de Craonne and constant talks about the few soldiers who got shot after the mutiny, while nobody cares about the hundreds of poilus who received the same treatement in 1914 and 1915) and abroad, where it is regularly seen as the proof that the french were about to break (even though they weren't and didn't).
I feel like I just witnessed something beautiful.
Indy loves that word "ALL"
6:55 I hope I wasn't the only one who heard the hit-marker sound effect.
Hi Indy and co! Great video like always! My grandmother told me that great-grandfather fought in the Royal Artillery during WW2, and I'd like to know if it was created before or during WW1, and what mayor accomplishments it made.
Have a good day!
I would love more of these weapon specials this one is fantastic!!! Keep up the great work Indy and team :)
Will you guys make a special episode about how the artillery troops operate? Like their daily life when they weren't in combat, the procedure of firing heavy guns properly to not hurt themselves etc..
Good job of converting kilometers to miles in your head. I use 5/8 (.625 drop the 5) for converting kilometers to statute miles, or the reciprocal 1.6 for for converting miles to kilometers. It's almost perfect as 100 K is slightly more than 62.137 mi. However, not good enough for artillery or radar navigation of course.
Artillery is a french word by origin Artillerie
Louis Daribert Is "Surrender" come from France?
@@yuanfrank8075 According to what, %85 of military word comes from France?
This channel is FOCHing good !!!!!!!!!!
+luke33luke For Foch sake, yeah!
I apologize if this if off topic, but I recently discovered I share a birthday with August Von Mackensen. Learning I share the birthday with the skull hat man makes me more happy than i can express.
Arguably the best general of WW1 x)
i would like to ask you a question
As a french i would like to know how the germans nickname our poilu!?
Same for the brits
I as a german know the word "Franzmann", which means nothing else than french man. But this came only spontainiously out of my mind, don't know what soldier letters etc. say about this.
MAD Fiction04 "White Flag Raising Baguettes"
*+Jihadi Jesus*
I am a Canadian of British extraction and a serious student of the First World War for years.
Do not disparage the French.
At the outset of the war in 1914 they had very poor equipment and an inept, politically-run officer corp.
If you tally things up on the Western Front for the first three years, they fought more engagements and had a greater Front Line than British (including Empire and Commonwealth), Americans, Portuguese, Belgians and Russians* combined.
It was only after the Americans came into play strongly in 1918 that the preceding statement could be changed.
The French outproduced everyone in aircraft and by 1916 used their artillery as skillfully as the Germans and certainly better than the British.
*
The Tzar sent over 30,000 troops to the Western Front as a show of solidarity and because it was felt by the Western Powers that the Imperial Russian Army was essentially limitless (they'd asked for 300,000 men).
Jihadi Jesus i have huge doubt on this one
I have also heard the term "Franzmann".
The explosive used in WW I artillery was picric acid. Picric acid is nitrated indigo, a blue dye, this made it a yellow dye. The nitrated form, picric acid, was used to dye silk yellow. The French army began using it in artillery shells in the 1880's. The picric acid dissolved the steel shell casings, so the shells could not be stored for a long time. Picric acid filled shells would detonate on contact with armor, the German navy placed a wooden spacer at the front of the explosive cavity to prevent spontaneous detonation, the British did not; British shells would detonate spontaneously on contact with armor plate, German shells would penetrate before detonating, making them more effective.
That's an awesome set you have in the background!!!
It's the Romagne 14-18 museum in France, really worth a visit!
Three more very important pieces on the german side were the 210mm mortar 16, the 150mm sFH 13 and the 105mm lFH 16
"Everything in moderation." This is the motto of a realistic and this is what takes people a long way in life.
Were rocket artillery used much during the war? My unit operates M142 HIMARS (rocket launched artillery) and were deployed to France in 1917/18, although they were shooting traditional big gun artillery at the time.
I don't there were any tactical thinking about rocket weapons prior to the war. The Soviets had a good idea about covering a big area in quick succession with their rocket launcher, the Katyusha in WW2. Even though WW2 is usually said to be a war of movement or aircraft, the artillery was still the king as we can see from how the Soviets penetrated every German line after the focus shifted for the offensive. Katyusha was a big part of pulverizing German lines. I suggest reading Antony Beevor's book about Berlin. Stalingrad covers the subject as well.
Rockets had been used by the British in the Napoleonic Wars but they failed to keep up with the development of normal artillery (AKA poor range poor accuracy and poor firepower everything a rocket could do at the time could be done far better by existing systems or the reintroduction of the mortar) in the period between 1815-1914 so by the start of the 20th century had long been considered obsolete it was only with advances in aerodynamics, chemistry and electronics in the 1930s that made them a viable weapon in WW2 and beyond
Caleb Shonk inaccurate and pretty much useless against mobile warfare.
Since i started to listen to "In Stahlgewittern", i can imagine how artillery was responsible for 70% of the casulties in the war. The soldiers were busy taking positions under heavy shell fire all the time and many died during this without commign even close to the enemy...
4:12
This is why I need to learn German.
I love the show!
I can't help but wonder how the soldiers coped with all the mud, sand, rain,...especially their weaponry.
A gun is a direct fire weapon, a cannon is an indirect fire weapon, a howetzer is both.
Next special on the different types of Arty shells? PLz
Ah! The touch of Dramatic
This is for out of the trenches: Hey Indy and team! I've been watching almost since the begining of the show and after rewatching some episodes, I could confirm a patter which I've been noticing for quite a while now. So my question is: Why does Indy always go into full shouting mode whenever he says a german name. Cracks me up every time. Wunderbare Sendung, weiter so!
Hey we´re glad to have you with us. I personally suspect that Indy has seen too many bad WW2 movies were the angry looking German officers were just shouting lines like "ACHTUNG!" and "STEHENBLEIBEN!". In comparison to English or French, German is a language were it is very easy to pronounce every syllable in a hard and loud tone.
Ah Artillery, the great equalizer, it is that which rains from on high and that beneath which all are leveled equally.
this has reminded me of something in my little town in the UK. After the war Earl Shilton was gifted with a captured German Howitzer as a memorial for the war. Sometime between the second world war and the 1960's this gun disappeared, it wasn't sold for scrap but was buried somewhere in the town. My guess is it is under the playing fields behind the shops not far from the war memorial where it used to stand. Reckon someone should look into finding, recovering and restoring it :-) not you guys obviously, I need to talk to others lol
How can someone actually not lile these videos? I've been wondering.
Interesting that the British, who focused mainly on their navy, were the ones who produced the best combination of artillery.
So what you had was the defensive screen of machine guns making a breakthrough extremely difficult.
Arty is most vulnerable to a breakthrough of infantry or carvery. So both sides just sat there shelling the crap out of each other.
I found a website that lists where all the surviving ww1 artillery pieces are and any history on them. You could probably find it useful for another field trip.
I have a Lego model of the French 75mm from Brickmania. Very cool.
Artillery is the God of War.
Indy is the God Of war
Alfredio d' joliette Indy started World War 1.
DarkFlameDragonSlayer Indy assasinated the Franz Joseph
I thought it was a princess who started it.
The King of Battle
What’s really cool is that the Americans adopted the French 75 as their own, and it would continue to see service all the way through World War 2. It would even be used as the primary armament in the M3 Lee and M4 Sherman tanks.
Suggestion. The armies of Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg. How independent were they. How did they fit into the Imperial German forces
Well this fills in a gap for me. High school history taught me many moons ago that the greater size and range of German artillery pieces was a major factor over the French trying to fight back with only lighter guns, but it was positioned more like German foresight and exuberance in an arms race with England, rather than the French preparing to fight the last war again.
Great video! Will you guys be doing any videos about military engineering? I volunteer with a military engineering museum in Canada and I've always bee fascinated about the changes to technology that were often implemented (at least in the British and Canadian case) by military engineers. Keep up the good work!
When will you do artillery only!!1!1!!
Awsome ep :D
Question for out of the trenches. What were the different styles and customizations of trench networks for each country.
thanks for providing us with this information you are definitely the best youtuber on ww1. could you make a video about American doughboy equipment and uniforms or American cavalry. this would be special for me as my my great grandfather supplied horses to the allies during ww1. thanks for the great video
My brother inlaw served 31 years in the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery.I have much respect for him.
Quo fas et gloria ducunt
Respect to our Veterans and to those who serve their country
Most interesting. Thank you.
I noticed gunners setting fuses (or arming the shells) in this episode. Perhaps something more on the topic could be added in Out of The Trenches? Shrapnel rounds in particular needed precise timing to be effective, in the days before proximity fuses. How effective and reliable were artillery fuses in WWI? After all, countless unexploded WWI shells have been dug up on the battle lines to this day.
Cheers dears, and keep up the fabulous work. :-)
Hey Indy good content keep it up
Nice Video :)
For the British guns: QF = Quick Firing, BL = Breech Loading
A question for Out of the Trenches. What was the training like for the American troops that came over in 1917-1918? I know the American army was familiar with trenches and modern rifles due to the civil war and the Spanish war, but were they informed about things such as poison gas, modern artillery, and planes?
As to the French Army's lack of modern heavy artillery, the future Marshal Foch quipped that the 75 was seen as "the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost of cannon-it would have been better if it had been given a few apostles..."
I once heard that the germans choose 77mm as caliber in response to most other nations choosing 75mm. Because they could then enlarge the bore im the barrel a bit and use captured guns, while the others couldn't use their guns.
IronVader I read the same thing. Also valid for 76 mm Russian guns.
on the same topic i would recommend military history visualized's video on ww1 arillery
The Guns of August describes some of the struggles of the Austro-Hungarian artillery corps and their obsolete field guns against the Russians in the Carpathians, outranged and at a massive disadvantage both in the rate of fire and the efficacy of fire.
love the pic of French guns at 2:10.
On thing you missed but a look at the pictures will reveal-the British in the boer war understood the need for an so developed the bullet shield you see on the front of all three light guns in 1914. at hte start odf the south african war the guns looked very much like what htey had looked at waterloo and as indy pointed out, dutch rifles made short work of the crews, hense the bullet shield was invented and attached.
It wasn't so cloudy. During the American Civil War (part 2 or 3 for those of you still stuck in the past), artillery already played a significant role. By 1900 the massive improvements in explosives, industrialization, and breaching loading guns should have "rung" a bell in the Generals heads that artillery was going to be a huge help/problem by WW1.