Schubert's Fantasy in F minor, Piano 4-Hands, D940, performed by Maria João Pires & Ricardo Castro
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ส.ค. 2013
- The Music : performed by Maria João Pires & Ricardo Castro.
Painting : Avond; De rode boom (Evening; The Red Tree) by Piet Mondriaan (1872-1944) - เพลง
I am an insomniac, so I often woke up in unholy morning time and simply can’t find my rest. In those time I like to listen music. When I first heard this beautiful piece, it was around four a.m. and I had headphones, because I didn’t wanted to woke up my beloved. Whole time I listened to each note, I was looking at her beautiful sleeping face and feeling how I am falling in love with her again. It was the most beautiful morning in my life.
careful now, dont be falling in love now, thats your whole life out the window if it goes to shit, and it will go to shit, trust me. otherwise cool story, just be careful ok.
@@khalnetherfields7263 What a downer, man. He fell in love with his own wife. Leave him alone.
@@khalnetherfields7263 well I have really bad memories and scars about how I fall in love in wrong time and with wrong people. Trust me that I am really carefull. My beloved is someone different. She bring me from my darkness and depression and teached me how to life again (I had to took antidepressants for eight years, now I am free from it)
@@LeozVinci it's wonderful that you're off medication and i'm happy for you since i know how it feels when you're alone with your racing thoughts at night and it's nice you found the same strategy to escape. also, i hope you can enjoy every moment with your beloved and let me say, your thankfulness is beautiful. but please don't forget that the credit for bringing you to life again not only belongs to her - it is first and foremost yours. you decided, at a point, that it was worth living, learning and growing again, and obviously you didn't leave this path until now. she surely did a lot for you, maybe without even trying, but it is you who climbed out of the mud. i wish you can carry on with peace inside, all the best.
@@krinilotta Thank you for kind words. I know some credits are mine, but my beloved was there when everybody said that I am lost forever and I won't be able to live normal life again. She was there even when my family left me alone (I don't blame them. I have still vivid imagine of my mother when she tried to conviced me that I should live and not die from inside... but it was hard). In those times, my beloved was with me. She was so kind and tender. In those days I decided that I want to live and she was there and helped me. It will be two years when I am off medication and I am enjoyng life as never before.
I suffer from Parkinson's disease and frequently go without sleep for days. Without music and the availability of it on TH-cam I could not cope with my life. Pieces like this have often brought me great strength and tremendous joy when everything else around seems to mean absolutely nothing . Life without music would not be worth living and I'm totally convinced that great composers who also suffered much in their lives knew that they were in some way responsible for leaving behind them the means by which others could survive and take shelter from the storm. From the mists of time they reach out,, pat our heads and whisper in our ears that everything's going to be alright. How fortunate we are to have those heroes who went before.
good music is one those rare glimpses of perfection mankind can hope for
I am so glad music brings you comfort and joy, it does the same thing for me. Music is a great gift to all of us, but sadly, many never open the gift.
A remark by Haydn late in his life which confirms your conviction: "Often, when struggling against obstacles of every sort which oppose my labors: often, when the powers of mind and body weakened, and it was difficult to continue the course I had entered on; -- a secret voice whispered to me: "there are so few happy and contented peoples here below; grief and sorrow are always their lot; perhaps your labors will once be a source from which the care-worn, or the man burdened with affairs, can derive a few moments rest and refreshment." This was indeed a powerful motive to press onwards, and this is why I now look back with cheerful satisfaction on the labors expended on this art, to which I have devoted so many long years of uninterrupted effort and exertion."
AMEN
Just out of curiosity what other pieces speak to you this way?
These old composers left an everlasting legacy for the world to enjoy
to me, this is achieving true immortality.
Not old, timeless.
Considering the way the west is going, this is like the fall of Greece and Rome on repeat. Years from now we'll look at those artists like we look at Greek art or Greek tragedies today, talking about a European "miracle" etc.
@@sophiaperennis2360 History has never been a linear march towards progress. Whoever believes this were possible is bound to be disappointed. No right-wing politics or converting back to catholicism is going to save you from this fact.
indeed they did...
Every year at Thanksgiving, my dad and grandpa play this piece. I've grown up listening to it once a year, and I have so many fond memories associated with it.
When your grandpa goes, you're going to have to take his place. And when your dad goes, your kid's going to take his place! If you can't play, then get started! Sounds like an awesome tradition. :)
It is an awesome tradition! :) And I've been playing piano since I was six (I'm twenty now), and fully plan on carrying on the tradition when my grandpa is no longer around.
PigPenguin91, it is a beautiful experience that you mentioned, thanks for sharing!!
No problem! It's one of my favorite experiences every year, so I'm happy to share it and am glad other people are enjoying it, too.
+PigPenguin91 I also hope others will enjoy this piece of masterpiece and remember all the memories they had. This piece is my favorite duet and favorite piece composed by Schubert.
Schubert wrote this piece for the sole purpose of playing it alongside Karoline Esterhazy, a young girl from the Austrian nobility, who received musical tuition from Schubert. Schubert was very fond of her and often commented on her wonderful playing. He loved spending time with her more than anyone else in his life.
I first heard this piece played by Lucas and Arthur Jussen on TH-cam and became addicted to it. This version is even better and Maria João Pires was one of their teachers! And the brothers went on to play with Ricardo Castro as well. The artistic lineages in music and the other arts are one of the best and most important aspects of all the fields.
This is one of Schubert's most inspired pieces. it is absolutely extraordinary to see how much the composer is able to maintain an absolute musical tension throughout the piece, starting from the splendid opening melody.
Another marvelous Schubert Is The Trout quintet on YT by Vienna philharmonic.
Thanks, Druk(Another Round).
Hm? Druk?
@@galaxycat9556 One of the best films of 2020.
@@kaptainlevi6958 ah i see
Un beso del pasado, me enseño que Bach es más que cuatro letras.....
This is a beautiful performance, but I think it has the same issue most modern performances of classical music have. Today, it's classical music to us. Back then, it was popular music. There were no recordings, you heard it because the best two pianists at the party sat down and played it while you drank and listened. Many of these musical ideas were new and exciting and modern at the time. There would've been a lively, crowd-pleasing atmosphere, the pianists would've played up the dramatic moments in the music even more than this.
We're a little deaf to classical music today because it's no longer our cultural moment. For example, the melodic theme in this music, with its grace notes and percussive repetitions, was actually pretty exotic and ornamental and mysterious. And listen to what Schubert wrote at 12:51. This was entertainment, this was drama, this was what people had instead of a television. We're a much more passive audience to this music today than Schubert's audience was then, and the disposition of the audience shapes the posture of the performance.
"the best two pianists at the party sat down and played it while you drank and listened", that's how I still listen it :)
Kevin Mathewson--What an interesting discussion. But I still hear and respond to beauty even if it's not of our age. There's no way to recreate the zeitgeist and adapt our ears to another period in history; nevertheless, classical music is timeless. Will they still be listening to Beyonce in 300 years? I don't know if you have a Classical Revolution chapter in your city, but they might put together a string quartet or a piano quintet playing in a coffee shop or bar with all the normal noise and discussion of patrons around it. Of course the audience is more participatory, responsive and enthuiastic, and that is one interesting way to hear music, but I vastly prefer the concert hall with its respectful silence.
i think the problem is more in perfection intead of musicaly try to understand
this was not "popular" music , if you were rich ,famous or a royalty this was your entertainment but if you were poor (as most people at the time) then you were stuck with church music and some chants here and there , and that was it
we're in better situation since we're able to enjoy music of all sorts and from all corners of the world yet we still enjoy classical music , but we are much more stimulated than they were , thats why classical music could sound some what dull or boring to some people because its a music that takes its time to view its exotic and interesting bits
MoJo A. Well we talk about 1800 and past not 1600 there’s a little difference
I've played piano for 10 years, and i taught one of my best friend to play. He's a fast learner, now we're able to play the 5 first pages of that fantasy (he plays secondo). We really need to get back to it and play the whole piece.
This piece is another example of why Franz Schubert is in terms of talent relative to age one of the three greatest composers of all time, the others being J.S. Bach and Mozart. Schubert died at the age of 31. If you compare Schubert's works to the works any other composers, including Beethoven, written when they were 31 or younger you can appreciate the enormity of Schubert's talent. Also, this is a wonderful performance, because it is so easy to wreck the piece with a pounding and ponderous rendition of the many octave passages.
Listen at midnight, close your eyes and feel the despair mysteriously turn to love in your heart. The beauty this man possessed deep inside his soul will never cease to amaze me. Four hands sing together in perfect harmony. Astonishing.
Yes, this is a very beautiful comment and does justice to the music.
Sheer rapture!
Very nice words John, thank you
I remember a day where I was sitting inside my house with this music playing. It was raining outside and the sky was a dark grey almost like nighttime had already arrived. The subtlety of the beginning of this piece was so powerful. Even though I hadn’t lent my ears to the piece it fit the occasion so perfectly that I couldn’t help but concentrate on it. The sky outside changed throughout the piece. At certain moments it felt like the sky was weeping, other times tears of joy. Before I knew it the whole piece finished playing and I found myself staring out the window into the wet rainy street. This piece made me feel so calm and assured that a rainy day isn’t so bad. After all music like this becomes strangely powerful when the time of day or the climate is in set to a specific mood.
Just watched Another Round😂... And came looking for this masterpiece 💖
Maria João Pires. One of the best pianists in the world. Love her job with Chopin's Nocturnes and Schubert's Impromptus. And now this.
And lest we not forget Ricardo Castro, very very talented. Incredible duo. Very proud to be Portuguese at the moment and everytime I hear them play ^_^
Schubert is the great one who never experienced the great public success but was nevertheless one of the most prominent composers ever. Wonderful piece of music.
A stunningly beautiful piece, with subtle contrasts of light and shade, played with subtlety, delicacy and grace, and near perfect synergy between two superb artists. Lovely.
Schubert was in his last year of life when he composed this amazing piece. The painting we see is pretty much what Schubert was at the time: still standing but stripped of vitality and facing an inevitable end.
the vitality obviously remained in his music...how wonderful!
Well put
Highly poetic
the more I listen to shubert, the more I think I'm in love with him
Absolutely. Every piece by Schubert is an absolute masterpiece. The more I listen to him to more I fall in love with his music.
Same here. These days I am nearly listening nothing but Schubert.
Too bad nobody loved him
What an apt way to think of Schubert! Exactly!
Me too. My favorite composer
14:40 breaks my heart every time. This strong motif, repeated throughout the piece, doesn't continue strongly, as it always has. It just says "never mind" and moves on. Like a person.
You mean 17:40 ? Because that is more how I percieve it
+Clems0067 Nope, 14:40.
Antimony, sorry to hear that, hope that you feel differently somehow ... perhaps when listening again to this beautiful music, in another light.
+Solely Reminiscence Both places were great and sank into my heart.
Clems0067 it starts at 14:40 then the nevermind part is at 17:40. So you're both right!Beautiful piece!
I have always loved Schubert.
1. Allegro Molto Moderato
2. Largo 4:51
3. Scherzo. Allegro Vivace 7:26
4. Finale. Allegro Molto Moderato 13:08
+automatofix thanks so much for adding that to the video ...
Solely Reminiscence You're welcome!
Notice that, as in the Wanderer Fantasy, the movements are played without pause, and are compressed. The opening movement only gets as far as the end of the exposition before giving way to the slow movement, which is simple A-B-A form and very terse (for Schubert). This leads directly to the fully realized Scherzo-Trio-Scherzo (with all the usual repeats). The brief transition then returns to the very opening theme; this flows into a long, elaborate, and powerful fugue, which climaxes on a discord followed by a long rest, and then the opening returns, weary, hesitant, and finally ending with a series of the most amazing chords ever penned by Schubert, or anyone else.
This work dates from 1828, the composer's thirty-second year. He also put the finishing touches on the great" C major symphony, wrote the two piano trios, the Schwanengesang, and Auf dem Strom,; and in September completed the C major string quintet and the last three piano sonatas. In October he wrote The Shepherd on the Rock for soprano, clarinet and piano, and a choral Benedictus. On November 19th he died.
Like many of the others who commented here I have fond memories of playing this piece, in public and private. Most of those I played it with are gone now. Hearing this beautiful performance is a reminder: Carpe diem.
Thanks for the upload. As I write nearly a third of a million people have shared the experience. Update, June, 2019: over 3 million people. There is hope for mankind.
Thank you kind sir
Thank you!
Thie Piece immediately caught my heart the first time I heard it. I've been coming back to hear this version again and again since then. This interpretation brings a gentleness to it which melts my heart every time the theme comes back in a new modulation. I don't even identify where the modulations go to. Still, I can rest assured that wherever we are, we will find the original theme in its full sweetness and simplicity. Heaven on Earth. 💕
I have been trying to find this piece of music for nearly 40 years. Now youtube simply started playing it. Perhaps I have died or something?
Apart from the transcendent beauty of the melodies, the genius of this duo is in the effortless and mysterious shifts from minor to major , from melancholy to joy, - a characteristic of Mozart.
@silverbud It happens regularly in Schubert and Mozart but I wouldn't say its a world mystery. It needs genius to pull it off well, though.
@silverbud th-cam.com/video/efDmd0h99QY/w-d-xo.html
Fantasie in F minor thats pink floyd 1870, stellt euch vor es hätte zu der Zeit schon das Internet gegeben. Die Musik IST der HAMMER für immer
The first time I heard this caused me not to be able to work until I'd finished listening to it. I had to find ways to appear busy because I just couldn't stop focusing on the music.
I love this wonderful piece of music....it is full of beauty and passion
A marvelous piece. So many moods and colors. The more I hear Schubert the more I love life.Thank you for posting.
So beautiful - it takes one to a secret place where the soul is renewed. A real privilege to listen to it.
6:31 perfection from Schubert - my favourite composer. The melodies are sophisticated but at the same time have a certain perfect simplicity. He really sings and tells a story with every of his pieces.
Maria Joāo Pires e Ricardo Castro! Realmente orgulhoso de isso ser uma performance brasileira.
Luso-brasileira, para ser mais correto
I often find myself lost in my own thoughts at night, trying not to suffer from anxiety I discovered that listening to Schubert and reading Schopenhauer makes me feel better
SATANSRIB Reading Schopenhauer when you’re anxious is deadly.
@@rodnokz I know, more people told me. I think it's just me. It makes me feel understood. I mean I can see myself on what he wrote. (not always but generally)
@@Flantilla I understand you
I totally LOVE Schubert...he has the best components in structure and melody of classicism and the nostalgia and sensitivity of the romanticism
Francisco Walker oh yeah
Effectively.....Schubert was already marking the way for the romantic area of music....what a genius.....my favorite composer and always will....
This is so lovely. First time ever hearing this piece. So happy to have come across it. ❤️
Я тоже услышала впервые эту фантазию в исполнении братьев Юссен. Но там такая молодая энергия, просто плещет с экрана! А здесь - нежность и изящество, невероятная красота и любовь! Мария Пиреш, на мой взгляд, лучший исполнитель Шуберта, особенно я люблю экспромт D. 935 op. 142, моё сердце просто тает от нежности, которую Мария вкладывает в эту музыку....❤
Lovely, lovely, incomparably lovely. Beautifully played! And so nice that 41,000 other people agree!
One of the most beautiful piano pieces ever written
... or the most?
@@bruce_c_in_nz I'm tending to agree - big claim! ;-)
Really? Who says so?
th-cam.com/video/efDmd0h99QY/w-d-xo.html
@@hamletsmill258 everyone has ears to hear
This brought tears to my eyes the first time i heard it and still does today. Such a heartwrenching piece and i hope i find someone to play it with
Depuis que je suis toute petite, j'adore le piano et (en plus, avec le temps, je me suis mise à adorer les mains de pianiste). Les 2 sont "magiques". Il y a une telle grâce dans le geste.......... C'est juste, un art pour moi, comme regarder un tableau de maître !!!!!!!!!!!!
One of many delightful, wonderful creations of Franz Schubert. So beautifully interpreted by these two pianists. My congratulations!
Thank you, I like this music very much.
I have loved Schubert's music, particularly his music for a very few performers, chamber, solo piano, and four hands, most of my adult life. I never ever tire of the beauty of his work.
The depth of beauty is a depth of suffering and sadness - true with all the arts
Feels like he's interpreting my life through music. this guy was on another level.
The most lyrical and beautiful version. My favorite.
I'm from CANADA. In 1971 I went to Spain and signed up at the conservatory in Sevilla. I was petrified when the teacher told me I'd be playing this with a large man with a very heavy touch. We had to practice in our apartment so the whole building had the pleasure of hearing it over and over, as did my 3 sisters. They really got to hate it which kind of ruined it for me. When I hear it now 45 years later I remember every note and am proud and relieved that we made it through 😜👍
@Kelly Fischer How is this in any way sexist?
@Kelly Fischer I still don't see how this has anything to do with sexism
@Kelly Fischer Not so fast. *YOU YOURSELF* are the one who is blatantly obvious, in your thirsting to drag somebody (*ANYBODY!*) down to your level, with your delusional statements about feminism. You figure that by "picking a fight" you might get the attention you crave beyond all else. And so, Holly, please ignore this *GOOFUS*. (That's what he dreads the most...)
uh.. can we just appreciate the music, please?
This is one of the best things i've ever listened to... I should appreciate Schubert more
I find this master piece so sublime, from up to down, it manage to build such a dramatic story around it, i can feel the passion but also the dramatic feeling on it 💕
I woke up this morning with the lovely and haunting opening theme running through my head. I am in awe at the genius of Schubert, his ability to touch us, in sleep as well as when awake.
The picture is the red tree by Mondrian
@Panis Angelicus
This is Postimpressionism, don't insult impressionism
@Adûnâi read Hegel, plebian
Bloody hell man. I was just looking at that picture and fell in love with it. Wanted to know who painted it . Maybe get myself a cheap poster or something. So thanks to you I now know who it is by. I think it's the colours? ??
Lea Lef In a painting lesson my teacher asked me to use this piece to practice and see what difference I would make in my work. Love it, thanks for telling the name!
As a simple country boy from South Africa I just see it as a very pretty painting. Nothing less, nothing more. Still hunting down a cheap poster.
Leave it to Franz Schubert to write a piece in a minor key and still make it sound so uplifting.
I don't want to be uplifted by you ...lol ... jk😁
@One Ness It may be just a "Minor" issue.
the minor parts are not, but the major are. compare chaikovskys major sounding piano concerto 1 in b flat minor...
at 1:36 it goes major, and it is only then that it is up liftinc
th-cam.com/video/TdGrm8q5vFQ/w-d-xo.html
Parabéns Maria João Pires por mais esta interpretação maravilhosa.
"For some it's all on one note, for others it's the infinity of music!" - Honoré de Balzac
Balzac was other amazing human.
It takes a lot of balls to say that quote, he must've had a huge balzac.
This is so beautiful... Schubert is my favourite piano composer of all the time... I can really feel the feeling he put in these songs. Even if basically he's not the best out of them, I really resonate with his masterpieces.
What an emotional passage it is. Many sorrows and sadness of human being is in here, this music.
As usual, can’t sleep. 1,00 am, hit on this and now definitely can’t sleep as listening to this wonderful performance. So, insomnia has its rewards as my appreciation of classical music grows.
a short summary of my entire existence
Sounds about right, my love for music grows daily due to trawling through tonnes of songs in the wee hours, changing genres to my heart's content. Classical music has many fond memories from my youth attached to it, only just started taking up music again and jazz and classical were old favourites. Sorry for the lengthy nonsense, insomnia got the best of me and I realised id not make it to today's lectures without staying up all night so I'm a tad deprived haha.
3am ditto
Yeah same 1:09am
Well the only good thing insomnia has brought me is classical music like this too sounds about right
Merveilleux moment musical. Shubert exprime toute sa sensibilité dans cette oeuvre. Merci pour ce partage.
Sunshine Film Magnifique music
th-cam.com/video/TdGrm8q5vFQ/w-d-xo.html
I just realized a few weeks ago, Schubert was one of the awesome composers for the soul.
Klasse! Ich höre sie unter anderem oft vor dem Einschlafen ------ Lieben Dank Franz Schubert!
Thank you Franz. God bless your heart.
I am preparing the my lecture named Human and Music. I think this music is great enough to introduce to my student as an one of masterpiece among Romantic music. Performance is so great and touches my heart.
the Red Tree 1908 Piet Mondriaan (1872 - 1944) Mondrian Netherlands Dutch
A lovely choice.. Piet saw rhythm in light as we hear it in music. He loved his Rhythms.
I have been playing the piano for nearly 10 years, but NEVER in that time had i actually felt anything so powerful and wholesome. It's like universe coming to a peaceful, defined state, like we can finally know where it ends. After hearing this piece, I have fallen even more in love with piano. Thank you for this, the painting goes beautifully with piece.
Quatre mains, ce n'est pas trop pour interpréter ce bijou d'artisanat élaboré par Schubert. Les deux pianistes restituent les gracieux élans de l'âme de l'auteur tout en sachant revenir à une sereine et calme interprétation de la partition, le moment venu.
Idk what you said but it sounds beautiful because it’s in french
@@blasecorrea8350 Four hands, that's not too much to interpret this craft's jewel (ndt idk why craft) elaborated by Shubert. The two pianists restore the gracefulls author's surges of soul, knowing return to a calm and serene interpretation of the music sheet, when the time comes.
That tree looks like Rachmaninoff's hands
are you implying he only had 72 fingers?
please look at some of his scores and think again
Looks like a Modrian to my eye.
The finger splits
you mean liszt?
th-cam.com/video/TdGrm8q5vFQ/w-d-xo.html
So melancholy and deep. Incredible.
ist solo lovely
😂
So relaxing and inspiring at the same time! Thank you for sharing!
Bitte, das ist ein sehr besonderes Lieblingsstück, das mich zutiefst ergreift. Wer kann solche Musik begreifen? Leider kenne ich NIEMAND.
Who would have thought that listening to this hauntingly beautiful music could lead to me finding Sunshine. Life without Schubert would be distinctly dull.
Truly a masterpiece
It is rapturing, soft and rigourous, sweet and lively!! schubert is a master in segmenting his works in pieces of different rythms combined together to give the earer a fascinating sens of brillant move and standstill quietness.
Xavier, you must be a musician, artist, to have understood so well this wonderful, so lovely, soulful piece of Schubert.
thank you, i learned from you to perceive more of all these kinds of beautiful sounds. It can be a tool for meditation.
Perhaps the most intense comment section of the entire TH-cam. You all guys are wonderful. Would love to have a big diner all together :)
Hay Pierre I was just thinking that. So many deep comments- only a few disturbed people, but more positive than I’ve ever seen. ❤️
So touching. And beautiful. :'(
Terrific performance. Perfect tempi
si frais, si vrai, dénué de tout artifice et cela va droit au coeur
A real Fantasy. I've got memories from lost time, friends playing this four hand partition for me, as if it wasn't nostalgic enough.
Was für ein Genie Schubert doch war!
For some unknown reason I feel like this beautiful piece speaks to my loneliness...
Playing this with a friend after having it suggested by our music teacher. It's such a beautiful piece! I can't wait to perform it :D
+Jason Parker Wish you having a successful performance ...
Solely Reminiscence Thank you!
Thank you for this. I was brought here by "And Then You're Gone."
2:45 is one of the most beautiful things I have heard.
So BEAUTIFUL ! !
What a masterpiece
I agree!! It has so many emotions
Ive tried all kinds d of music from classical to modern ..loving a great listener..I'm aware of such great classical composers An Always will appreciate beautiful pianist...My family does not reach out to such music like this ..I dont know what it like to have grown up w a family that does this every holiday's.
That final cadence is so amazing
Music understands soul, soul understands music
tellement beau , ressourcant , interpretation d une grande finesse et sensibilté ; je remercie !
There's only one thing I can say about this: "Schubert makes the piano sing!" (Somebody told him this after his first public concerto when some of his piano pieces were played, and this statement is so true.)
There are several very fine recordings of this justly famous work. I'd not heard this particular recording before and it is very fine. Joao Pires is excellent. Thanks
with pleasure !
So wonderful!!
The expressive power of the sound architecture breaks with any form of transcription of the real to attach itself to the expression of an serene universe. Colors and rhythm of these compositions are a language that gives life to the listener’s exaltation !
One of my dads favourite...😥❤❤❤❤❤
I loved this 40 years ago, I was 12. I lost it. It was offered to me this year by YT. Thank you thank you
Wonderful and so well played, Maria Piers!
I found it some moths ago ,,,but in last days I'm really overwhelmed this music....
Amazing. Sounds like cold you feel when winter is here.
Beautiful music and performance,
wonderful composition ~ nice rendition ~ beautiful image ... thank you :o)
Lovely and beautiful music. It's so lovely and wonderful. Thank you for sharing.
Amazing performance!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!