I built a system back in 2013 and put in mirrored 2TB disks to hold my home mount point and an SSD for root and everything else. Works really great. I've had a couple of hard disk failures over the last six years which meant almost nothing to me. I just had to swap in a good disk for the failed one and the system would rebuild the raid and everything is smooth sailing again. The SSD makes the system blazingly fast to boot and for programs to load and the data is secure, though of course I do back up the important stuff to a cloud service and occasionally to an external hard drive. I haven't gone so far as to swap distros because I started out with a Debian based distro, then when I upgraded I switched to pure Debian repositories and cleaned out the little bit of stuff that wasn't Debian. So now I'm running Buster and it's really good. I use other sacrificial machines for playing around with distros because the setup on my primary machine is just too good to fiddle with.
Why put home on a separate drive? As the name suggests drive partitions are partitioned off from each other. They are effectively separate drives from each other from the perspective of the OS. e.g. you can erase one partition without affecting any others. You can mount home on another drive if you need the space. But there's no valid reason where you'd have to. I don't think you understand how mount points actually work.
@@1pcfred Partition are just defined sectors on drive... I know, that in Windows they look as separate discs, but this is same hardware. Separate drive for home and system have manny advantages, ie. preserve your SSD. If you don't have system on SSD, but mechanical drive, it's performance is higher when system is not working on your home and system sectors (plus swap etc) of the drive. When your system drive will fail, you won't loose your data, and vice-versa. Sometimes you just have to wipe all your data from disk (ie. for repairing boot sectors, partition table etc).
@@krsakil A partition is a group of sectors. Drives have sectors regardless if they are partitioned, or not. From a logical stand point partitions are separate storage units. You can erase a partition without affecting other partitions on the same physical disk.
You can actually recognize the fact that the FAT32 partition is the UEFI partition, by looking at the flags to the right where it states esp which means EFI System Partition. The 0 0 is actually relevant as the first 0 tells your whether a partition needs to dumped and the second zero tells you the order of which the fsck should be run.
I really like the calamari installer.i used to just auto format all my installs but I've since experimented with different methods. Since I have more than one hard drive, my favorite way to partition my drives is create a very small partition for the base install, then make a partion on the same drive for Root and then I install my home directory on the second drive. It works out great. Thanks for the video!
i use 1 drive for the "system" sda1 1m bios-boot (for old bios motherboard but I wanted GPT so this is needed) sda2 8G [SWAP] sda3 128G / sda4 128M /boot (128 megabytes is plenty for a couple of kernels) sda5 (rest of the disk) /home and then .. I make mount-points in /home/username/ for use with my other physical volumes. so things like sdb1 1T (whole drive) /home/username/Games sdc1 1T /home/username/Videos/Cinema Bonus kookiness (home folder .o*MAGIC*o.): i have a partition on a drive, let's call it "sdd1." containing the *contents* of my /home/username/ folder. So "Desktop" "Documents" "Downloads" ... etc. All of my personal data basically. It's just that the file structure is *just* the visible stuff in /home/username/ ez pz. After install, I add a mountpoint (just a folder) called ".storage" to /home/username/.storage - it's *invisible* (magic) and then mount sdd1 to it. then in the terminal use ln -svf /home/username/.storage/* /home/username/ Now all my home folders (and their contents) are sym-linked from a separate volume (sdd1) -safe. From pretty much anything that happens to the system that would require me to re-install. Imagine being able to just wipe your OS drive clean and start over without having to back up any of your personal data first.
5:50 One correction regarding the size limits of MBR/msdos partition tables: you can get away with disks up to (almost) 4TiB in size without using GPT. The actual limitations are: 1) partitions can't be larger than 2TiB 2) partitions must begin within the first 2TiB of a disk E.g. a 4TB (3.6TiB) drive can have two 1.8TiB partitions on an msdos partition table.
This is a great argument for always keeping your system(s) installed on a smaller (solid state?) drive of some kind. esp for that dual-boot with windoze silliness.
@@GradyBroyles there was a time when I dual booted Windows and Linux. But eventually I considered Windows to be a waste of valuable disk space for me. So I stopped installing and using Windows. Although I can understand that Windows is a necessity for some people. They need to gain more control over their lives someday.
Paul Frederick, "Yeah who wants to have to break drives up into separate partitions?" Compatibility reasons. I use a partitioning scheme similar to the one above on one of my external backup drives so I can connect it to older, non-UEFI computers.
Yeah, my XLR mic feed was lost, so this was on-board camera audio. I compressed it and I cleaned it up as best as I can. It was either re-record or roll with it.
Hi need help I have an Acer f5 572g It has stopped loading any disk in UEFI Any thing you can suggest to help If I make a removable disk in mbr it loads just fine
For new distro hoppers, it’s worth noting that not all Linux installers auto-partition the same way. For example, the Fedora installer may not partition a disk the same way as the Ubuntu installer. So watch closely during the installation process.
This is true. It's much better to have a "scheme" in mind (i write mine down) and manually partition it yourself according to that scheme every time, no matter what the distro. Helps to keep things tidy.
Paul Frederick Except that it’s not simple for new Linux users. Making the leap from auto partitioning to manual partitioning is a challenge for some users. For better or for worse, its also a leap that many users aren’t interested in making. Although you and I may prefer manual partitioning, most users don’t.
@@mitchelvalentino1569 computers are not interested in what anyone prefers. They're just not sensitive that way. That being the case we need to be flexible to meet them on their terms. Because they're not going to budge on the issue. You indeed may prefer to slide around on the roof of your car to get around too. But that's just not going to work out very well for you in the real world. Zero fucks will be given.
Paul Frederick Ok, interesting comment. I’m unsure that I follow your analogy, since it seems to be more of a general philosophical point, but I won’t argue against it because it makes sense. This is the nature of human behavior. Also, the sun is bright and water is wet. Yet in terms of Linux, it goes both ways, since Linux desktop developers must deal with people who aren’t technologically proficient and aren’t willing to learn. Idiots are flocking to Linux and devs are welcoming them. The installer makes all the difference now. “The Universal Operating System” is one thing (debian). “Linux For Human Beings” is something else (Ubuntu). Look at the members of the Linux Foundation. Linux is growing up. Most distros now attempt to accommodate new users as much as they accommodate experienced users. Some developers even seem to enjoy catering to the technologically retarded. And the technologically retarded enjoy “playing around with Linux” when they’re not “playing around on Windows.” Moreover, auto partitioning is part of a larger trend towards automating as many aspects of Linux as possible and hiding them behind a shiny desktop. Don’t expect this trend to change any time soon. Most users wish they could ignore the command line and live in the GUI forever. And some do. Anecdotally, I’ve observed that the old Unix graybeards I work with, the old SunOS and Xenix guys, don’t even think much about distros or partitioning. They just install Fedora or Ubuntu or CentOS and get on with their work. Most auto partition. A few don’t. I was never a developer. I never needed Unix or Linux for work, so my perspective is a bit different. Lucky for me, Slackware hasn’t changed a damn bit and OpenBSD still gives zero fucks. Lucky for the Windows refugees, Mint works better than Windows for general purpose computing. Lucky for you, you’re smart enough not to worry about partitioning. I also assume that where others see chaos and confusion in Linux, you see order and logic, because you understand the underlying purpose. They want to turn the bazaar into a new cathedral, because the bazaar is scary, whereas you know how to navigate the bazaar just fine. ChromeOS and Android aside, I often wonder if lowering the barrier to entry so much is a good thing for Linux, or even compatible with the nature of Linux itself. I appear elitist to suggest this, yet expecting Linux to be so automated and easy has its limits. There’s only so much that Linux can be dumbed-down without sacrificing its inherent virtues. Yet Windows, macOS, and chromeOS clearly aren’t meeting everyone’s needs.
Good stuff bro. I know of this stuff but not as concrete as you just explained. Very thorough and details I was previously murky on are crystal clear, thanks again!
MBR can only have 4 primary partitions (number 1-4). One primary partition can be divided as subpartitions (number 5-) GPT only have primary partitions, and you can use many (number 1-)
So I tried Tron script on the same laptop that I recently installed a new version of Windows and it ran a chkdsk it showed a lot of the Drive files were corrupted. When I ran Tron script it was as if everything was ok . When in fact it was not . Why is that once Tron was finished I had a green Screen. Hmmm
Thank you, Chris. Great video. I'm new in Linux and I have some issue with partitioning. Trying create bootable USB stick with Linux and win10 installs using cli. It's ok with Linux install (mbr and gpt). But it's a big trouble do it for win10. For mbr: I create dos table, add new partition, format it to ntfs, set flag to boot and copy iso into USB stick. It's not work. And I don't know what exactly do for gpt. Do I need create UEFI part before Microsoft data?
Bro, this is a beginner question. But help me out please.. I want to install Linux on my win 10 laptop. I added an nvme 250GB ssd and now like to install and run Linux in that smoothly. I also want to keep all the other locations like home and other software installations on the HDD .. I don't care about the win10 which is already in my HDD. I installed Linux mint on the ssd but it gets full quickly. Now it's not loading to Linux desktop. I want to run only the os on the SSD and the rest to be saved on the HDD. Please help bro...
hi, im new on linux and i saw alot of your videos to start the transition and i was wondering if i could have one SSD for ubuntu and 1 HD for other stuff like installing games or more heavy programs that i need!? wow its like 80GB plus overwatch and Mhunter and a tons of other games that work on linux and i like to play! is it possible ?? on windows is easy i just chose the directory on the installation but on linux i dont know. i really would like to see you talking about that on a video. keep up the nice videos and thanks for all your information for people like me.
This seems to go against everything I've been taught and practiced. For a MBR disk with a Linux install, I've always done the following 4 partitions: Boot, Root, Swap, Home. Is this somehow no longer general practice?
After years of running Linux, and being forced to run Windows sometimes (getting more rare), I learned to install different operating systems on their own separate drives and boot from the bios. Indeed, when installing a new operating system, especially windows, I disconnect all other drives so the install sees nothing but the drive I tell it to install on. Windows 10 likes to trash other boot managers just because it can, and has done so on my machines when doing major updates. 1903 trashed both of my Linux installations (on separate drives, mind you), reset all of my privacy settings to Microsoft defaults, then made a big deal about re-authenticating my license. Microsoft can kiss my ass and shove it's Microsoft accounts up its own..... If it has to run on Windows, I don't need it anymore. Period. It is simply awful.
Prefer mixing UEFI with MBR. with 4 Windows partitions, 7, 8.1, 10, 10, seven Linux distros with MacOS Mojave spread out on 8 data drives and an eighth Linux distro on the flash reader of a Huion tablet. Someone please stop me before it's too late. Sigh.....going to OS Anonymous soon.
Thank you so much for the video. When doing a manual partition, many installers ask questions which some of us do not understand. I followed along on your video with four of my USB boot drives: Linux Mint 21 Debian Edition, Debian LXQt created with the directions from your video Installing Linux the Right Way, MX Linux and Mint 21 Xfce on my 2013 older laptop which has its hard drive disconnected to protect against unintentional Linux installs. Examining all of my the above 4 USB boot drives with GParted and msdos is listed for the Partition Table - am I correct that this is what we'll see for MBR? My laptop was made in 2013, how do I tell if my laptop needs legacy bios - I don't see that flag on any of my boot drives. Sometimes the mount point is "/" and sometimes the mount point is "/media/dave/..... drive UUID. Wonder when and how I might specify this - I'm certain I've never typed the UUID in for the boot drives I have. = = = = = = There are two reasons I've been looking into manual partitioning of my USB boot drives: (1) to create a fat32 partition that can easily share data with windows PCs and perhaps separate my system from /home. (2) On my 64 GB USB boot drives it takes an hour to an hour and a half to run the following dd command to clone the drive: sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc bs=4M status=progress conv=fdatasync (sda is the USB drive I've booted and sbd is the boot drive I'm cloning to sdc It seems wasteful to spend one hour to and hour and a half cloning mostly unused bytes. I'm wondering if I might make the partitions smaller or somehow only do a dd command for the boot and system and use a copy to only copy files that exist? I'm wondering if one or more dd commands could be much faster or if maybe I could create an ISO that could be installed much faster on the new clone - ideas? Thanks.
A clear, but very basic explanation. What is missing are reasons, why you would want to worry about partitions. Raids or LVMs are a good reason, but to keep it simple, I want the most demanding data/apps on the begin of a HDD. So the first partition of a HDD are for storing for example virtual machines or game libraries, while the last partition of a HDD are for office, music, family videos, old archives, etc. You talk about a potential throughput difference of ~70%, say 135 MB/s or 80 Mb/s. For a SSD it does not matter, but you could keep some space not partitioned to keep its write performance high, An almost unused SWAP partition would do the same.
Heck, I've always done manual partitioning. Used to install Novell NetWare and that didn't give much option about that. And back in 1995 we didn't have fancy Linux partitioning tools either. Linux fdisk & mkfs was how it was done. Calling fstab "f-stab" sounds wrong because h-stab is horizontal stabilizer and v-stab is vertical stabilizer, but there's no f-stab. There's "m-tab" for the mount table and "fs-tab" for filesystem table in the jargon I've heard. In olden times I used to boot Linux using LOADLIN from a FAT16 partition. At one time I had DOS/Win16, WinNT and Linux together on the same HDD that way. The NT 3.51 boot loader allowed MS-DOS to boot up, but would clobber LILO, so the only way to start Linux was through LOADLIN. Back then a zImage was small enough to store on a floppy, so not a problem.
StringerNews1 I remember realizing it was fs tab on my 4th attempt to get Arch up and running (found out that just because the live environment was open to the internet, that doesn’t mean the fresh install would be).
@@mynamesaretakenwtf With my background in aviation I was distracted by the "stab" (as in stabilizer) part until I realized that mtab and fstab were related and in tabular form, then it made sense.
I have Asus laptop with a fingerprint sensor built-in but I can't use it on my Pop OS! I found replacement for many things but I am not able to use my fingerprint sensor and it's quite annoying to have something but you cannot use it...So please make a video on this topic if possible
Fantastic subject, but we need so much more information, especially with the newer drives (ssd) coming out, and the memory chip cards on some laptops. I went crazy setting up boot partitions on these chips. Thank goodness for the older MBR on spin disks for simplicity. Interesting they called it sda1 on GPT.
I have a system with 16Gb of RAM that I've been running for six years without using swap at all. I've had no problems because I've never banged my head on that 16Gb ceiling in sustained operation. That said I have often considered whether I should get a small SSD to set up as a swap disk. Some good points have been made by @gilkesisking so now I'll consider setting up swap file on my SSD, as a just in case. My spinning HDDs are a software RAID and have only one partition mounted to /home and I like 'em that way.
@gilkesisking Good points. I always keep forgetting about the needs of systems that are suspended 'cause I leave my primary machine on 24/7. I also have 16Gb of RAM but don't make huge demands on my hardware so I don't hit memory full situations often if at all.
For Linux Only installs, NO Windows Dual Boot UEFI Use Legacy/GPT, Then you can have up to 128 Primary Partitions and use > 2.0TB Disks Use "GPARTED" Set Disk Partition Table "GPT", then create first partition 128MB unformatted and set Flags to "bios_grub" , then define the rest of your partitions as you will Exit GPARTED, Start Installer, Other Install to the pre created Partitions do not format/change the "bios_grub" partition set the boot loader to /dev/sdX where X is the "device", "NOT" partition where the "bios_grub" is located ie "sda" "not" sda1
probably due to the size of the disk you have install the OS on an ssd right? Is it good practice to use swap to an ssd (it will shorten the ssd's life=mtbf) How much ram do you use in that system?
@@maynnemillares Well I have 64 so ... I have to wipethat partiition except when you make the installation with swap you need to edit/change any conf files to avoid errors during booting or no booting at all
This part of GNU/Linux makes me very uncomfortable. I still don't get it and I'm struggling to understand why. I will keep researching partitioning going forward. Thanks for the video but honestly alot of it went over my head which is frustrating and not your fault.
File systems and disk partitioning is basic stuff. The OS and your user files need to go someplace. So you make that someplace for all of it to go. Often it is a good idea to put all of that stuff in two places too. The OS in one place and everything else some place else. That way all of your eggs are not in one basket. The OS I could care less about. I can always get another one of those. My personal files are irreplaceable to me. The analogy I like is a partition is like a road and a file system is like lines painted on the road. Thinking about it that way should help you conceptualize what is going on. You could take it a step further and think of your files as the traffic on the road.
i noticed that the easiest way to set it up on UEFI is by not partitioning before you install Windows and Linux, first install Windows and then choose the option to install alongside (Calamari installer anyway) and move the slider to determine the sizes of the partitions. Then the installer figures out the mess. At first I started to split off a partition, installed Windows on one and Linux on the other. That gave a mess, I didn't get Grub to load automatically.
Speaking of real world examples of "quirky" things that happen with GPT and Legacy I had that happen to me with my latest install of Debian on my laptop. For some reason it kept defaulting to GPT and while I had Legacy selected (and it wouldn't let me do anything else), I tried to do it and everything got all f***ed up and refused to boot. I eventually grabbed my rescue usb dropped down into parted (command line not gparted) and partitioned my disk for MBR that way and used those partitions in my Debian install. It's been 2 weeks and I still don't know WTF was up with that.
How can I cast linux desktop via wifi to a Phillps Smart TV? Easy with android. Any suggestions or tutorials. All roads seem to lead back to Samsung. BTW. 5 years on linux. Thanks for your content.
You should check out lvm. That helps a lot cause you can just easily resize, delete and add partitions without worrying about where they are on the disk.
My biggest problem is really Steam... it requires so much extra work for me.. About every 3rd or 4th time I update linux It eats the MBR and i have never been able to fix it without a reinstall.. every time I install it takes me a whole day to get steam up and running.
could you maybe make a video on an advanced hard drive scheme like btrfs and lvm in terms of system snapshots. I ended up down the lvm rabbit hole when i installed fedora and stuck with it when i broke it (bumblebee vs nouveau issues) and went over to arch
FIX THE XLR OR DONT POST IT! lol JUST KIDDING! So ironic that you posted this as I just install another distro last night and totally went through this a few hours before you posted it. haha
depends on what you do with yours. Here's my rule of thumb, I *start* with ~64G as a minimum and then add to it additional amounts to accommodate your particular use. Do you store a ton of media files in it like music, or video? Or if you use Wine (not in steam, i mean just Wine) then really you just need to consider ho much space you want for that stuff and add it to the 64G
@gilkesisking I have a 1 TB drive, I normally let the installer do everything but on my next install, I thought that I might try partitioning the drive myself. What are the advantages of manual partitioning over letting the OS set up the partition table for you?.
Your face is a problem! Don’t want to see it all of the time. You are forcing it in many ways on my channel in thumbnails. Don’t want to see it. Remove your face! Just you and that face! No!
I just click install Linux on whole drive and let it do it's magic. When done I have Linux. So far no issues doing it this way. I always have a backup. So my external hard drive and cloud storage is sorta my home directory. I can wipe clean and install another Linux distro without thinking of any steps other then that one click; Install Linux on whole drive. My image of my partition from MX. i.imgur.com/HXcDpvd.png
There's lots of reasons to break it up a little not the least of which is convenience when re-installing your OS. If you at least use a separate /home partition, you can preserve your settings across installs, as one example.
@@GradyBroyles That's what the external drive is for. All my settings are there, including all my .dotfiles and scripts. External hard drive is my /home in a sorta way. Never lost nothing moving on to the next Linux distro. Much easier then doing the math and thinking how to partition your drive. I just let Linux do it and add my two cents and I'm up and running as before. It's a very simple process. The other way are more steps and a stop a think moment. My way no thinking at all.
@@gimcrack555 If you have more storage space than sense then your way works just fine. Some do enjoy a bit more control over the process though. Once I had to resize a partition when I ran out of space. Other than that I usually know about how much room I need. I used auto partition once and it did a lousy job in my opinion.
@@1pcfred It's not like I have more enough storage space. It's that I backup a lot to other storage devices. Like my external and cloud storage. Which leave me plenty of room on my primary main drive at all times. That's why my method works perfect the way I do things.
Always home on separate drive (not partition). You can swap distros and you have 95% of configurations almost right after install.
Also, don't forget you can always use rsync to backup home to your NAS.
I built a system back in 2013 and put in mirrored 2TB disks to hold my home mount point and an SSD for root and everything else. Works really great. I've had a couple of hard disk failures over the last six years which meant almost nothing to me. I just had to swap in a good disk for the failed one and the system would rebuild the raid and everything is smooth sailing again.
The SSD makes the system blazingly fast to boot and for programs to load and the data is secure, though of course I do back up the important stuff to a cloud service and occasionally to an external hard drive.
I haven't gone so far as to swap distros because I started out with a Debian based distro, then when I upgraded I switched to pure Debian repositories and cleaned out the little bit of stuff that wasn't Debian. So now I'm running Buster and it's really good.
I use other sacrificial machines for playing around with distros because the setup on my primary machine is just too good to fiddle with.
Why put home on a separate drive? As the name suggests drive partitions are partitioned off from each other. They are effectively separate drives from each other from the perspective of the OS. e.g. you can erase one partition without affecting any others. You can mount home on another drive if you need the space. But there's no valid reason where you'd have to. I don't think you understand how mount points actually work.
@@1pcfred Partition are just defined sectors on drive... I know, that in Windows they look as separate discs, but this is same hardware. Separate drive for home and system have manny advantages, ie. preserve your SSD. If you don't have system on SSD, but mechanical drive, it's performance is higher when system is not working on your home and system sectors (plus swap etc) of the drive. When your system drive will fail, you won't loose your data, and vice-versa. Sometimes you just have to wipe all your data from disk (ie. for repairing boot sectors, partition table etc).
@@krsakil A partition is a group of sectors. Drives have sectors regardless if they are partitioned, or not. From a logical stand point partitions are separate storage units. You can erase a partition without affecting other partitions on the same physical disk.
You can actually recognize the fact that the FAT32 partition is the UEFI partition, by looking at the flags to the right where it states esp which means EFI System Partition.
The 0 0 is actually relevant as the first 0 tells your whether a partition needs to dumped and the second zero tells you the order of which the fsck should be run.
I really like the calamari installer.i used to just auto format all my installs but I've since experimented with different methods. Since I have more than one hard drive, my favorite way to partition my drives is create a very small partition for the base install, then make a partion on the same drive for Root and then I install my home directory on the second drive. It works out great. Thanks for the video!
i use 1 drive for the "system"
sda1 1m bios-boot (for old bios motherboard but I wanted GPT so this is needed)
sda2 8G [SWAP]
sda3 128G /
sda4 128M /boot (128 megabytes is plenty for a couple of kernels)
sda5 (rest of the disk) /home
and then .. I make mount-points in /home/username/ for use with my other physical volumes. so things like
sdb1 1T (whole drive) /home/username/Games
sdc1 1T /home/username/Videos/Cinema
Bonus kookiness (home folder .o*MAGIC*o.):
i have a partition on a drive, let's call it "sdd1." containing the *contents* of my /home/username/ folder. So "Desktop" "Documents" "Downloads" ... etc.
All of my personal data basically. It's just that the file structure is *just* the visible stuff in /home/username/ ez pz.
After install, I add a mountpoint (just a folder) called ".storage" to /home/username/.storage - it's *invisible* (magic) and then mount sdd1 to it.
then in the terminal use
ln -svf /home/username/.storage/* /home/username/
Now all my home folders (and their contents) are sym-linked from a separate volume (sdd1) -safe. From pretty much anything that happens to the system that would require me to re-install. Imagine being able to just wipe your OS drive clean and start over without having to back up any of your personal data first.
5:50 One correction regarding the size limits of MBR/msdos partition tables: you can get away with disks up to (almost) 4TiB in size without using GPT.
The actual limitations are:
1) partitions can't be larger than 2TiB
2) partitions must begin within the first 2TiB of a disk
E.g. a 4TB (3.6TiB) drive can have two 1.8TiB partitions on an msdos partition table.
This is a great argument for always keeping your system(s) installed on a smaller (solid state?) drive of some kind. esp for that dual-boot with windoze silliness.
Yeah who wants to have to break drives up into separate partitions? Plus GPT has other benefits over MBR anyways. Just use GPT today. Because reasons.
@@1pcfred this. (unless, of course, one has gone insane and decided to dual-boot Windoze)
@@GradyBroyles there was a time when I dual booted Windows and Linux. But eventually I considered Windows to be a waste of valuable disk space for me. So I stopped installing and using Windows. Although I can understand that Windows is a necessity for some people. They need to gain more control over their lives someday.
Paul Frederick,
"Yeah who wants to have to break drives up into separate partitions?"
Compatibility reasons.
I use a partitioning scheme similar to the one above on one of my external backup drives so I can connect it to older, non-UEFI computers.
Thank you, Chris. Audio is tinny, unfortunately. Great topic.
Yeah, my XLR mic feed was lost, so this was on-board camera audio. I compressed it and I cleaned it up as best as I can. It was either re-record or roll with it.
Thank you Chris, very handy to easy understand. Have a nice Sunday.
Chris: *pops out*
Chris: LINUX
Hi need help I have an Acer f5 572g
It has stopped loading any disk in UEFI
Any thing you can suggest to help
If I make a removable disk in mbr it loads just fine
Great video, best explanation I've heard yet
For new distro hoppers, it’s worth noting that not all Linux installers auto-partition the same way. For example, the Fedora installer may not partition a disk the same way as the Ubuntu installer. So watch closely during the installation process.
This is true. It's much better to have a "scheme" in mind (i write mine down) and manually partition it yourself according to that scheme every time, no matter what the distro. Helps to keep things tidy.
The simple solution is to never use auto partition. It is not hard to come up with a sane partitioning scheme. Auto partitioning is a mess.
Paul Frederick Except that it’s not simple for new Linux users. Making the leap from auto partitioning to manual partitioning is a challenge for some users. For better or for worse, its also a leap that many users aren’t interested in making. Although you and I may prefer manual partitioning, most users don’t.
@@mitchelvalentino1569 computers are not interested in what anyone prefers. They're just not sensitive that way. That being the case we need to be flexible to meet them on their terms. Because they're not going to budge on the issue. You indeed may prefer to slide around on the roof of your car to get around too. But that's just not going to work out very well for you in the real world. Zero fucks will be given.
Paul Frederick Ok, interesting comment. I’m unsure that I follow your analogy, since it seems to be more of a general philosophical point, but I won’t argue against it because it makes sense. This is the nature of human behavior. Also, the sun is bright and water is wet.
Yet in terms of Linux, it goes both ways, since Linux desktop developers must deal with people who aren’t technologically proficient and aren’t willing to learn. Idiots are flocking to Linux and devs are welcoming them. The installer makes all the difference now. “The Universal Operating System” is one thing (debian). “Linux For Human Beings” is something else (Ubuntu). Look at the members of the Linux Foundation. Linux is growing up.
Most distros now attempt to accommodate new users as much as they accommodate experienced users. Some developers even seem to enjoy catering to the technologically retarded. And the technologically retarded enjoy “playing around with Linux” when they’re not “playing around on Windows.”
Moreover, auto partitioning is part of a larger trend towards automating as many aspects of Linux as possible and hiding them behind a shiny desktop. Don’t expect this trend to change any time soon. Most users wish they could ignore the command line and live in the GUI forever. And some do.
Anecdotally, I’ve observed that the old Unix graybeards I work with, the old SunOS and Xenix guys, don’t even think much about distros or partitioning. They just install Fedora or Ubuntu or CentOS and get on with their work. Most auto partition. A few don’t. I was never a developer. I never needed Unix or Linux for work, so my perspective is a bit different.
Lucky for me, Slackware hasn’t changed a damn bit and OpenBSD still gives zero fucks. Lucky for the Windows refugees, Mint works better than Windows for general purpose computing. Lucky for you, you’re smart enough not to worry about partitioning. I also assume that where others see chaos and confusion in Linux, you see order and logic, because you understand the underlying purpose. They want to turn the bazaar into a new cathedral, because the bazaar is scary, whereas you know how to navigate the bazaar just fine.
ChromeOS and Android aside, I often wonder if lowering the barrier to entry so much is a good thing for Linux, or even compatible with the nature of Linux itself. I appear elitist to suggest this, yet expecting Linux to be so automated and easy has its limits. There’s only so much that Linux can be dumbed-down without sacrificing its inherent virtues. Yet Windows, macOS, and chromeOS clearly aren’t meeting everyone’s needs.
Good stuff bro. I know of this stuff but not as concrete as you just explained. Very thorough and details I was previously murky on are crystal clear, thanks again!
That was awesome, thankyou.
MBR can only have 4 primary partitions (number 1-4). One primary partition can be divided as subpartitions (number 5-)
GPT only have primary partitions, and you can use many (number 1-)
So I tried Tron script on the same laptop that I recently installed a new version of Windows and it ran a chkdsk it showed a lot of the Drive files were corrupted. When I ran Tron script it was as if everything was ok . When in fact it was not . Why is that once Tron was finished I had a green Screen. Hmmm
Chris your set is absolutely suberb. Looking really really great!
Thank you, Chris. Great video. I'm new in Linux and I have some issue with partitioning. Trying create bootable USB stick with Linux and win10 installs using cli. It's ok with Linux install (mbr and gpt). But it's a big trouble do it for win10.
For mbr: I create dos table, add new partition, format it to ntfs, set flag to boot and copy iso into USB stick. It's not work.
And I don't know what exactly do for gpt. Do I need create UEFI part before Microsoft data?
Bro, this is a beginner question. But help me out please..
I want to install Linux on my win 10 laptop. I added an nvme 250GB ssd and now like to install and run Linux in that smoothly. I also want to keep all the other locations like home and other software installations on the HDD .. I don't care about the win10 which is already in my HDD.
I installed Linux mint on the ssd but it gets full quickly. Now it's not loading to Linux desktop. I want to run only the os on the SSD and the rest to be saved on the HDD. Please help bro...
hi, im new on linux and i saw alot of your videos to start the transition and i was wondering if i could have one SSD for ubuntu and 1 HD for other stuff like installing games or more heavy programs that i need!? wow its like 80GB plus overwatch and Mhunter and a tons of other games that work on linux and i like to play! is it possible ?? on windows is easy i just chose the directory on the installation but on linux i dont know. i really would like to see you talking about that on a video. keep up the nice videos and thanks for all your information for people like me.
Very clear and helpful!
Bro you're the best linux channel
This seems to go against everything I've been taught and practiced. For a MBR disk with a Linux install, I've always done the following 4 partitions: Boot, Root, Swap, Home. Is this somehow no longer general practice?
After years of running Linux, and being forced to run Windows sometimes (getting more rare), I learned to install different operating systems on their own separate drives and boot from the bios. Indeed, when installing a new operating system, especially windows, I disconnect all other drives so the install sees nothing but the drive I tell it to install on. Windows 10 likes to trash other boot managers just because it can, and has done so on my machines when doing major updates. 1903 trashed both of my Linux installations (on separate drives, mind you), reset all of my privacy settings to Microsoft defaults, then made a big deal about re-authenticating my license.
Microsoft can kiss my ass and shove it's Microsoft accounts up its own..... If it has to run on Windows, I don't need it anymore. Period. It is simply awful.
Why is there no /dev/sda2 ?
.
*Chris you need a "MICROPHONE POP FILTER" to place in front of your mic for an echo free audio ..* 👍👍👍😁
Yeah had to use camera audio on this one... Lost my XLR feed.
@@ChrisTitusTech *Lost it ? ....were could it have gone to ? 🤔🤔🤔😁*
I think I "moved it" to the trash bin ;)
Pop filter has nothing to do with an echo, it just literally filters pops.
@@MrCosmonaut *No it doesn't not sure how you thought that one up. .*
Prefer mixing UEFI with MBR. with 4 Windows partitions, 7, 8.1, 10, 10, seven Linux distros with MacOS Mojave spread out on 8 data drives and an eighth Linux distro on the flash reader of a Huion tablet. Someone please stop me before it's too late. Sigh.....going to OS Anonymous soon.
Do I mark a legacy /boot Ext 4 or fat 32 since I have more than one choice?
Good video. Thanks chris.
Thanks Chris!!
Thank you so much for the video. When doing a manual partition, many installers ask questions which some of us do not understand. I followed along on your video with four of my USB boot drives: Linux Mint 21 Debian Edition, Debian LXQt created with the directions from your video Installing Linux the Right Way, MX Linux and Mint 21 Xfce on my 2013 older laptop which has its hard drive disconnected to protect against unintentional Linux installs.
Examining all of my the above 4 USB boot drives with GParted and msdos is listed for the Partition Table - am I correct that this is what we'll see for MBR?
My laptop was made in 2013, how do I tell if my laptop needs legacy bios - I don't see that flag on any of my boot drives.
Sometimes the mount point is "/" and sometimes the mount point is "/media/dave/..... drive UUID. Wonder when and how I might specify this - I'm certain I've never typed the UUID in for the boot drives I have.
= = = = = =
There are two reasons I've been looking into manual partitioning of my USB boot drives:
(1) to create a fat32 partition that can easily share data with windows PCs and perhaps separate my system from /home.
(2) On my 64 GB USB boot drives it takes an hour to an hour and a half to run the following dd command to clone the drive:
sudo dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/sdc bs=4M status=progress conv=fdatasync (sda is the USB drive I've booted and sbd is the boot drive I'm cloning to sdc
It seems wasteful to spend one hour to and hour and a half cloning mostly unused bytes. I'm wondering if I might make the partitions smaller or somehow only do a dd command for the boot and system and use a copy to only copy files that exist? I'm wondering if one or more dd commands could be much faster or if maybe I could create an ISO that could be installed much faster on the new clone - ideas?
Thanks.
A clear, but very basic explanation. What is missing are reasons, why you would want to worry about partitions. Raids or LVMs are a good reason, but to keep it simple, I want the most demanding data/apps on the begin of a HDD. So the first partition of a HDD are for storing for example virtual machines or game libraries, while the last partition of a HDD are for office, music, family videos, old archives, etc. You talk about a potential throughput difference of ~70%, say 135 MB/s or 80 Mb/s. For a SSD it does not matter, but you could keep some space not partitioned to keep its write performance high, An almost unused SWAP partition would do the same.
Heck, I've always done manual partitioning. Used to install Novell NetWare and that didn't give much option about that. And back in 1995 we didn't have fancy Linux partitioning tools either. Linux fdisk & mkfs was how it was done.
Calling fstab "f-stab" sounds wrong because h-stab is horizontal stabilizer and v-stab is vertical stabilizer, but there's no f-stab. There's "m-tab" for the mount table and "fs-tab" for filesystem table in the jargon I've heard.
In olden times I used to boot Linux using LOADLIN from a FAT16 partition. At one time I had DOS/Win16, WinNT and Linux together on the same HDD that way. The NT 3.51 boot loader allowed MS-DOS to boot up, but would clobber LILO, so the only way to start Linux was through LOADLIN. Back then a zImage was small enough to store on a floppy, so not a problem.
StringerNews1 I remember realizing it was fs tab on my 4th attempt to get Arch up and running (found out that just because the live environment was open to the internet, that doesn’t mean the fresh install would be).
@@mynamesaretakenwtf With my background in aviation I was distracted by the "stab" (as in stabilizer) part until I realized that mtab and fstab were related and in tabular form, then it made sense.
I have Asus laptop with a fingerprint sensor built-in but I can't use it on my Pop OS! I found replacement for many things but I am not able to use my fingerprint sensor and it's quite annoying to have something but you cannot use it...So please make a video on this topic if possible
Fantastic subject, but we need so much more information, especially with the newer drives (ssd) coming out, and the memory chip cards on some laptops. I went crazy setting up boot partitions on these chips. Thank goodness for the older MBR on spin disks for simplicity. Interesting they called it sda1 on GPT.
Can you please make a video about the pros and cons of using swap as partition or as file?
@gilkesisking Thanks for the info
@gilkesisking Or add enough physical memory so you don't need swap.
@gilkesisking What would you recommend for someone that has 16 GB of RAM?
I have a system with 16Gb of RAM that I've been running for six years without using swap at all. I've had no problems because I've never banged my head on that 16Gb ceiling in sustained operation.
That said I have often considered whether I should get a small SSD to set up as a swap disk.
Some good points have been made by @gilkesisking so now I'll consider setting up swap file on my SSD, as a just in case. My spinning HDDs are a software RAID and have only one partition mounted to /home and I like 'em that way.
@gilkesisking Good points. I always keep forgetting about the needs of systems that are suspended 'cause I leave my primary machine on 24/7. I also have 16Gb of RAM but don't make huge demands on my hardware so I don't hit memory full situations often if at all.
For Linux Only installs, NO Windows Dual Boot UEFI
Use Legacy/GPT, Then you can have up to 128 Primary Partitions and use > 2.0TB Disks
Use "GPARTED"
Set Disk Partition Table "GPT", then create first partition 128MB unformatted and set Flags to "bios_grub" , then define the rest of your partitions as you will
Exit GPARTED,
Start Installer, Other
Install to the pre created Partitions do not format/change the "bios_grub" partition
set the boot loader to /dev/sdX where X is the "device", "NOT" partition where the "bios_grub" is located ie "sda" "not" sda1
probably due to the size of the disk you have install the OS on an ssd right? Is it good practice to use swap to an ssd (it will shorten the ssd's life=mtbf) How much ram do you use in that system?
@@maynnemillares Well I have 64 so ... I have to wipethat partiition except when you make the installation with swap you need to edit/change any conf files to avoid errors during booting or no booting at all
This part of GNU/Linux makes me very uncomfortable. I still don't get it and I'm struggling to understand why. I will keep researching partitioning going forward. Thanks for the video but honestly alot of it went over my head which is frustrating and not your fault.
@Edwin Davies Thanks for the words encouragement.
File systems and disk partitioning is basic stuff. The OS and your user files need to go someplace. So you make that someplace for all of it to go. Often it is a good idea to put all of that stuff in two places too. The OS in one place and everything else some place else. That way all of your eggs are not in one basket. The OS I could care less about. I can always get another one of those. My personal files are irreplaceable to me. The analogy I like is a partition is like a road and a file system is like lines painted on the road. Thinking about it that way should help you conceptualize what is going on. You could take it a step further and think of your files as the traffic on the road.
i noticed that the easiest way to set it up on UEFI is by not partitioning before you install Windows and Linux, first install Windows and then choose the option to install alongside (Calamari installer anyway) and move the slider to determine the sizes of the partitions. Then the installer figures out the mess. At first I started to split off a partition, installed Windows on one and Linux on the other. That gave a mess, I didn't get Grub to load automatically.
Bro, you remember to Bruce Perens in Revolution OS, take it as a compliment
Speaking of real world examples of "quirky" things that happen with GPT and Legacy I had that happen to me with my latest install of Debian on my laptop. For some reason it kept defaulting to GPT and while I had Legacy selected (and it wouldn't let me do anything else), I tried to do it and everything got all f***ed up and refused to boot. I eventually grabbed my rescue usb dropped down into parted (command line not gparted) and partitioned my disk for MBR that way and used those partitions in my Debian install. It's been 2 weeks and I still don't know WTF was up with that.
How can I cast linux desktop via wifi to a Phillps Smart TV? Easy with android. Any suggestions or tutorials. All roads seem to lead back to Samsung. BTW. 5 years on linux. Thanks for your content.
i have made such a mess with partitions...
You should check out lvm. That helps a lot cause you can just easily resize, delete and add partitions without worrying about where they are on the disk.
My biggest problem is really Steam... it requires so much extra work for me.. About every 3rd or 4th time I update linux It eats the MBR and i have never been able to fix it without a reinstall.. every time I install it takes me a whole day to get steam up and running.
how to fix error of mbr partition at windows installation....
could you maybe make a video on an advanced hard drive scheme like btrfs and lvm in terms of system snapshots. I ended up down the lvm rabbit hole when i installed fedora and stuck with it when i broke it (bumblebee vs nouveau issues) and went over to arch
What happened to sda2 (6:44)?
Legacy is a loop boot you UEFI is a dual boot partition.
yes, i have wonderd this, ty
Matrix is down. Repeat. Matrix is down.
FIX THE XLR OR DONT POST IT! lol JUST KIDDING! So ironic that you posted this as I just install another distro last night and totally went through this a few hours before you posted it. haha
Chris, great video. If you wanted to make a separate home partition how big should you make it?.
depends on what you do with yours. Here's my rule of thumb, I *start* with ~64G as a minimum and then add to it additional amounts to accommodate your particular use. Do you store a ton of media files in it like music, or video? Or if you use Wine (not in steam, i mean just Wine) then really you just need to consider ho much space you want for that stuff and add it to the 64G
@gilkesisking I have a 1 TB drive, I normally let the installer do everything but on my next install, I thought that I might try partitioning the drive myself. What are the advantages of manual partitioning over letting the OS set up the partition table for you?.
@@GradyBroyles I use it for a little bit of everything, some music, some steam games, not too much for wine.
@gilkesisking Thanks, I really appreciate your help and I will play around with manually partitioning the drive. :)
@gilkesisking So many reasons to come up with a good scheme. The good (and bad) news is there's no one-size-fits-all answer to your question.
Is it pronounced f stab I'm a noob but I always assumed it was FS tab and doesn't stand for anything in particular.
@gilkesisking thank you for the clarification
It is pronounced fs tab, which is short for File System TABle.
So which is the C drive?
*C drive Is the drive that comes after A & B drive but before D drive...👍👍😀*
Hold your printer up to the screen so your computer can see it.
I can't run Linux on UEFI mode on my computer after updating my BIOS. Downgrading my BIOS did not help. Will never buy an ASUS motherboard again.
That swap/page file when you have 64GB of RAM though... -.-'
I C it's like an auto, when it crashes you have to pay for it.
Actualizat configurația aplicații Google
Your face is a problem! Don’t want to see it all of the time. You are forcing it in many ways on my channel in thumbnails. Don’t want to see it. Remove your face! Just you and that face! No!
How about a compromise? What if Chris does videos with a bag over his head? He could be the anonymous Linux user then.
Endlasting GPT goodbye DOS
I loved the whack-a-mole intro
Thanks Chris great video I think you're having mic problems when you are back in your studio footage in this video as it sounds really tinny.
I just click install Linux on whole drive and let it do it's magic. When done I have Linux. So far no issues doing it this way. I always have a backup. So my external hard drive and cloud storage is sorta my home directory. I can wipe clean and install another Linux distro without thinking of any steps other then that one click; Install Linux on whole drive. My image of my partition from MX. i.imgur.com/HXcDpvd.png
There's lots of reasons to break it up a little not the least of which is convenience when re-installing your OS. If you at least use a separate /home partition, you can preserve your settings across installs, as one example.
@@GradyBroyles That's what the external drive is for. All my settings are there, including all my .dotfiles and scripts. External hard drive is my /home in a sorta way. Never lost nothing moving on to the next Linux distro. Much easier then doing the math and thinking how to partition your drive. I just let Linux do it and add my two cents and I'm up and running as before. It's a very simple process. The other way are more steps and a stop a think moment. My way no thinking at all.
@@gimcrack555 If you have more storage space than sense then your way works just fine. Some do enjoy a bit more control over the process though. Once I had to resize a partition when I ran out of space. Other than that I usually know about how much room I need. I used auto partition once and it did a lousy job in my opinion.
@@1pcfred It's not like I have more enough storage space. It's that I backup a lot to other storage devices. Like my external and cloud storage. Which leave me plenty of room on my primary main drive at all times. That's why my method works perfect the way I do things.
@@gimcrack555 if it works for you that is what is important.
you need to show this for windows,we are not all linux fans!.