Awwww, just when you think you get a break. This was another great video. I adore this whole series. Thank you so much for breaking it down to manageable time periods for us.
History is fun. By the way, I have difficulty communicating because I had a stroke in Broca’s area, the part of the brain that controls speech. 2/8/2021 but I lived again. (My wife helped me compose this.)
@@dakotashroom5401 I was referring to his November poll: Either "History of the Earth: Permian" or an episode about Terror Birds, specifically. Check the previous History of the Earth episode (Early Permian) for more info.
You said those that survive the die offs are stronger for it ,I don't know if that's accurate I think they are are just better adapted to the new change not stronger or better than previous life
Sir, you discussion of the changing environments and their causes is extremely useful for casual viewers like me to better understand why the surviving and dominant species changed so much over time. Thank you!
@@rickkwitkoski1976 I AM familiar with the notion, but I did not the particular details he provides in this video about these effects during this particular geological period.
For like a April Fools/joke vid, what if you jumped ahead to the 2020s and discussed modern humans like a animal documentary would w/ a lion or wolf in nature. And you’d just be a png of ssome stock photo of a person w/ big ol’ eyes.
Here you see a species of 🧑🏾💼black people. Their range is found to be from afrika to north america. Meanwhile in the north of eurasia many white people in different shape are to be found. The european white people is a very aggressive one that rarely tolerates other people, not even their own kind. The common european white people has traveled across the world and is to be found on all continents. In south asia
It didn't just destroy any nearby cliff, the event would have quite literally blown up Siberia. An area the size of the United States was covered in two miles deep worth of Lava!
Currently, I'm daydreaming about what might have happened if the Permian mass extinction had never happened. Since reef ecosystems never fully recovered from that event and the cretaceous had vast shallow seas perfect for reef building organisms, the oceans of this alternate timeline would have been truly spectacular!
Tbf, there's more reefs now than there ever were before. Counting the artificial ones that is. They SEEM to function quite well tbh. The world will always spin, as we go spinning into the sun eventually.
@@GreenPoint_one It's not a dinosaur, Archosaurs hadn't evolved yet in the Permian, with only basal Archosauromorphs being present. Claudiosaurus wasn't an archosauromorph and as far as i'm aware was a diapsid of some sort.
Imagine if the permian-triassic extinction never happened, wonder how these creatures would have evolved if they had the earth for the same time as the dinosaurs did.
Even though I've loved this kind of stuff since I was young, I found several good paleo channels just before xmas. You have a great channel, informative, friendly and fun. The images you show really set the scene, from much older drawings to CG. Your mascot evolving is fun and is unique. The effort you put into this is so worth it for us viewers.
Dinosaur Discovery - more classic delivery with great visuals. Viveden: paleontology evolved - great presentation. Didno Diego - dino related. but more fun and obscure. Chimerasuchus - great presentation and delivery . Animal Origins - great presentation. Evolution soup - terrific interviews North02 - really professional long from stuff@@Adthereccomendationsguy
I've waited a whole month for this, expecting to see the last part discuss the Permian-Triassic Extinction. To have the P-T Extinction be a _cliffhanger_ is beyond brutal.
i loved the tibit about the ginkgos and conifer’s. it’s so important for us to remember and appreciate that these species have been doing nearly the same thing for millions of year’s.
This channel, and series in particular, has reignited my childhood love of natural history and prehistoric life forms. I couldn’t be happier to have stumbled upon your content.
Dvinia is very cute! It's wild to think about how these stem mammals rose to dominance in the Permian, only to be forced to live in the shadows of the dinosaurs during the mesozoic for millions of years before they would rise again. Like many have said, I enjoy the presentation of the P-T Extinction as a cliffhanger. It uh, definitely warrants being given a bit of additional gravitas!
Amazing! Just amazing. 😮 A great Video about this fascinating time period. I ❤️ this series so much. You explain this complex theme in a unique breathtaking and funny way. Awesome! And what happens now (thanks to the Siberian trap 🌋🌋🌋 ) in the next 10,000 years, we'd rather not talk about. For reasons. 😬 And now I'm looking forward to the Triassic. 🦖
First and all, thanks for these videos, i love these (and take your time doing these, don't listen to anyone who tells you to rush this series). I also have a question. Would you consider the paleogeography or paleo-ecosystems of the Permian more similar to that of today (than the Cretaceous for example) given some of the creatures seem to be more similar to those of today (than dinosaurs were). Maybe Eurasia in a way is similar to Pangaea at the time with the Himalaya mountains?
Dinosaurs still exist and are plentiful so on the surface it would seem dinosaurs were very different to todays animals but I am not sure that your statement as I understood it stands as there are animals today that are in fact dinosaurs. I think you should look into niches and how body plans tend to have trends based on niches. Like large herbivores have the barrel chests and big body.
Do keep in mind that a lot of what is shown in the video is artistic interpretations meant to especially emphasize that these are stem mammals. We have no way of knowing what they actually looked like in detail. Like Whatever also said, we still have dinosaurs today, as well as crocodiles and whales and other things that the permian at best had approximations for. The permian also didn't have flowering plants, which form the vast majority of the base for every single terrestrial ecosystem on the planet. All in all, in spite of the difference in form in the top predators and herbivores, my two cents is that the cenozoic is a lot closer to the cretacious than the permian as far as the food web is concerned. The biggest difference is probably just what's at the top.
And yet life still holds out by the skin of its teeth. This is why I think, short of the sun going Red Giant, life is never truly going to die out. Something will always live, adapt… even if most of the former species aren’t around to see it. Tragically, with how things currently are, that might (MIGHT) include humans unless we cotton on that we are affected by our own choices as well.
*Launching into rousing speech about the tenacity of life near the end of the Permian.* Me: Here it comes!! Seriously though I cannot wait to see the next installment, this is my favorite educational series on TH-cam
Great video! Whenever there is a speech made that make you say "YEAH!" there is a decent chance for the universe to immediately say "NOPE!" Murphy's Law should be taught in schools. 😄
Oooogh, time for the Triassic! I haven't heard much about Triassic chondrichthyes, so i look forward to seeing the next development in cartilaginous lads.
gotta say, I've never liked the "our ancestors were always the underdogs" line. it's not really true. we're descended from generalists because they're the ones who survive when things get really rough. our ancestors weren't top predators because top predators are bad at surviving mass extinctions. so we, like most living things, are adapted from the adaptable generalists that survived the mass extinctions of the past
Vertebrates were the underdogs for most of history though. The brief stint of the Devonian didn’t last long, and even then. The fish in the Devonian were no friends to our ancestors
@@samsmith4242 firstly, all fish are vertebrates so I'm not sure what you're trying to say about that. secondly, vertebrates have held all the terrestrial megafaunal niches since the end of the Carboniferous and the majority of marine megafaunal niches since the Devonian. and finally, I didn't say that our ancestors have occupied top predator or megafaunal niches throughout Earth's history. I said that we occupied the niches of small generalists because those are the only niches that stay open in a mass extinction. the reason we didn't evolve from top predators isn't that our ancestors were underdogs or somehow couldn't evolve enough. it's because mass extinctions eliminate all the top predators and megafauna, while leaving small generalists, like our ancestors and the ancestors of nearly everything alive today, with niches to exploit.
Omg thank you so much! I've actually never gotten a Super Thanks before! I will definitely be shouting you out at the end of the next video I am currently editing right now!
I know you have been sick, I hope you are better. Absolutely amazing that you are already working on new content. Your passion for this subject, is what makes your videos truly amazing, thanks again 😀
20:16 “I’m sure it’s just thunder…from under…ground?!” Cue the scene from Ice Age 1 where hot magma starts erupting from underneath the ice. Here’s a link to a video clip of the scene: th-cam.com/video/OhhflBmivAs/w-d-xo.html Let’s the infamous Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction commence.
Seeing images of fully furred gorgonopsids is making me wonder: how do we know they didn't have external ears? And since cynodonts didn't seem to have external ears at this time, when did they evolve? I would love a video on this topic if it sounds interesting! I tried to research it myself but I couldn't find much. Thank you for the video!
The evolution of the ear could potentially be explored through how the skull receives sound. I am referring to what happens after the sound sensitive organ receives sound and where it goes 'til it reaches the brain.
Most scientists seem to be convinced that therian mammals were the first to evolve external ears based on their ear bones and the fact monotremes dont have them. However when it comes to the second point monotremes might have had external ears but lost them when they became aquatic, with echidnas retaining this feature. The answer of how far back that trait goes is still in the air
This way of telling The Whole Story is genius. I hope you're speaking with Netflix right now, because this series deserves a bigger budget!! All that time, that research and the sheer hard work you must have put into these videos is clear to see.
The idea of breaking up the Permian into two parts was smart; in my own streams on geologic history I take the polar opposite stance ideologically, but I found that the mid-Permian biotic interchange is probably one of the most poorly researched events in Earth's history. Indeed, it seems like the Permian in general is incredibly enigmatic; crazy seeing how little we have to go on compared to periods before & after. The Triassic contains almost as many biological mysteries; however, I was completely unaware of how different the beginning & the end of Permian actually was. In just 15 million years the Earth almost looked like a different planet.
@@LG22475 I literally said I took the polar opposite stance ideologically, also macroevolution is a cultish farce. I'm not just denying it, I'm debunking it.
The Permian actually has to be split into THREE sections-there is an exticntion event that occurred ten million years before the Great Dying that separates the Middle and Late Permian.
Even greater difference when you realize the permian represents coastal inland areas preflood and the world afterwards was dramatically transformed in only one year, not 15 million
@@cosmictreason2242 The difference in the geology & biology of the planet is so striking in rock layers, the mid-Permian is as underrated as it is enigmatic. How the planet can change so drastically so suddenly is beyond me; nothing like it before or since except if you count the beginning of the Cambrian or beginning of life itself.
Thankyou! I loved this, it was well worth waiting for, and I learned something as well. Whilst I knew Lystrosaurus had been around before The Great Dying, I didn't know the Therocephalians had been, too. All the various paleo documentaries I've seen seemed to imply these hunters evolved during or just after, the End Permian Mass Extinction. So, thanks again for clearing this misconception of mine up for me! Oh, and seeing TimTim hurtling head over heels across the credits screen gave me a good laugh, too!
I’ll be wearing my Lisowicia Tshirt today to celebrate that you’ve finally reached the dicynodonts. The permotiassic extinctions are why we can’t have nice things. WHY GOD, WHY DID YOU TAKE THE DICYNODONTS AWAY?!?!
it seems that just before the Great Dying terrestrial ecosystems were getting more complex than they ever did with some reptiles starting the transition to the water for the second time after the Mesosaurids died out like Claudiosaurus. Imagine how the world would have eventually developed once the harsh conditions ended without the Great Dying killing off all these animals would have ended in our timeline's early Triassic without the Great Dyin ever happening.
I have to say I was very surprised, I never expected the late permian extinction plot twist! Jokes aside that was hilarious, keep up the great work on this amazing series
Question: You said every extinction event is a marker between periods and marks the end of a period and the beginning of another, right? Why didn't the middle permian event end it and begin another period? What's so different about this one?
Not as extensive, but large enough to have a distinct fossil record. But the divisions are somewhat subjective. Perhaps Permian should be divided into two distinct periods? Look at Carboniferous. Some paleo people would like to see this divided into two. Not everyone agrees though.
The permian era was a very long time ago. With time, the evidence of how intense things were and their impacts are less noticeable. Just look at all the things from the last 66 million years. Life has changed so dramatically! But, what about the evidence left in the rock? Its noticeability will decrease over a great deal of time. Rocks do not last forever nor does any recording made on them. There are far fewer species of animal around today than in the ice age. It can be debated that a new period has already begun. Paleontologists from a species in the far future might think that the planet rapidly got too warm for them, resulting in a mass extinction.
I’m so glad you mentioned the Guadalupe Mts. It’s truly one of the most beautiful landscapes in Texas, everyone here should go someday. Especially during the fall when the colors change!
I’m too old for comfort (52) and I’ve watched tons and tons of documentaries about all sorts of animals and the early earth as long as I can remember. Your series is still teaching me tons. Amazing job
There are a lot of people who want to use a time machine to go relive the 80s. Me, I’d go back to the distant past and see what the earth was like in these past ages. Luckily time travel is impossible so I won’t have the opportunity to step on the wrong creature and change history. 😂
The Permian-Triassic extinction event is worthy of an episode all its own.
I like that idea. 👍
@@apexnext Agreed
Was coming here to say this
Maybe linked to the not completely confirmed, but pretty likely Wilkes crater in the Antarctica. An event, that dwarved Chixulub.
Agreeeeeed.
Awwww, just when you think you get a break. This was another great video. I adore this whole series. Thank you so much for breaking it down to manageable time periods for us.
I freaking love this series. The ending made me 💀
Yeah when he transformed I laughed pretty hard. 😂
Not just you, almost everything back then went 💀
Woooo up engagement for the best paleo channel
I just love this channel.
History is fun. By the way, I have difficulty communicating because I had a stroke in Broca’s area, the part of the brain that controls speech. 2/8/2021 but I lived again. (My wife helped me compose this.)
Best series going!
Great episode, worth the wait! 😁
Terror Birds next?
Those don't come 'til the last 60 million years. He has to get through the dinosaurs first.
@@dakotashroom5401 I was referring to his November poll: Either "History of the Earth: Permian" or an episode about Terror Birds, specifically.
Check the previous History of the Earth episode (Early Permian) for more info.
Tim Tim evolved flight very quickly, lol 😅
Yes! Anteosaurus!
So... we have finally come to THAT event huh? The event that changed it all... for bad, and for good... Dead the Kings, Long Live the DinoKings!
You said those that survive the die offs are stronger for it ,I don't know if that's accurate I think they are are just better adapted to the new change not stronger or better than previous life
Welp, we had a good run everyone. Lets pack it up and go home now
Sir, you discussion of the changing environments and their causes is extremely useful for casual viewers like me to better understand why the surviving and dominant species changed so much over time. Thank you!
Environmental pressure and... empty niches to be filled. But... look up the terminology if you are unfamiliar with it.
@@rickkwitkoski1976 I AM familiar with the notion, but I did not the particular details he provides in this video about these effects during this particular geological period.
For like a April Fools/joke vid, what if you jumped ahead to the 2020s and discussed modern humans like a animal documentary would w/ a lion or wolf in nature. And you’d just be a png of ssome stock photo of a person w/ big ol’ eyes.
That would be fantastic!
Here you see a species of 🧑🏾💼black people. Their range is found to be from afrika to north america. Meanwhile in the north of eurasia many white people in different shape are to be found. The european white people is a very aggressive one that rarely tolerates other people, not even their own kind. The common european white people has traveled across the world and is to be found on all continents. In south asia
Can this please happen?
That's pretty funny. I'd watch it for shure!
That would be absolutely hilarious.
This is a fantastic idea!
I’d say that you ended this episode on a cliffhanger, but that volcano probably destroyed any nearby cliff!
🤣👍
Or it ended on a cliff-maker, obsidian glass half full
you could say that it was a real banger with a explosive punch.
It didn't just destroy any nearby cliff, the event would have quite literally blown up Siberia. An area the size of the United States was covered in two miles deep worth of Lava!
Currently, I'm daydreaming about what might have happened if the Permian mass extinction had never happened. Since reef ecosystems never fully recovered from that event and the cretaceous had vast shallow seas perfect for reef building organisms, the oceans of this alternate timeline would have been truly spectacular!
Imagine an alternate reality like that, i'd imagine Claudiosaurus like creatures eventually evolving into fully marine large mesosoic-esque reptiles.
@@eybaza6018 is claudiosaurus a real dinosaur or just called so bcs its an ancient reptile?
Tbf, there's more reefs now than there ever were before. Counting the artificial ones that is. They SEEM to function quite well tbh. The world will always spin, as we go spinning into the sun eventually.
Imagine a future where we turn 70% of earths surface into reefs 🙂
@@GreenPoint_one It's not a dinosaur, Archosaurs hadn't evolved yet in the Permian, with only basal Archosauromorphs being present. Claudiosaurus wasn't an archosauromorph and as far as i'm aware was a diapsid of some sort.
Oh the Permian! My favorite. I'm ready to be Gorgonopsidized.
Imagine if the permian-triassic extinction never happened, wonder how these creatures would have evolved if they had the earth for the same time as the dinosaurs did.
Ashes to ashes, dust to dust, the Permian is too short, so evolve me must!
Nice one
I’ve seen this line mentioned a lot. What is it from? It can’t have just been from that one Hollow Knight MAP.
@@TrinityCore60 Ashes to Ashes? That's a prayer for the dead.
Even though I've loved this kind of stuff since I was young, I found several good paleo channels just before xmas. You have a great channel, informative, friendly and fun. The images you show really set the scene, from much older drawings to CG. Your mascot evolving is fun and is unique. The effort you put into this is so worth it for us viewers.
I want to know all of them since you said several
Dinosaur Discovery - more classic delivery with great visuals. Viveden: paleontology evolved - great presentation. Didno Diego - dino related. but more fun and obscure. Chimerasuchus - great presentation and delivery . Animal Origins - great presentation. Evolution soup - terrific interviews North02 - really professional long from stuff@@Adthereccomendationsguy
I've waited a whole month for this, expecting to see the last part discuss the Permian-Triassic Extinction.
To have the P-T Extinction be a _cliffhanger_ is beyond brutal.
Everything was so patriotic too! 🥹
It would be hilarious if the series just ended here
@@hagfish4998 LOL
I wish it wouldnt show this until it was ready to watch lol I'm chomping at the bit here
Me too, the history of the earth is by far my favorite
moschops bros rise up, our time is here (briefly)
EDIT: it actually got a mention, mission accomplished!
Deservedly so! 👍
I’ve been looking forward to this for so long. Only period I’m more excited for is what’s up next, the Triassic
YESSSSSSSSS
The time after the dinos died was wild too. Lots of weird mammals even giant snakes and turtles.
MEGALODON
Now that will be a doozy.
@@GreenPoint_one Megalodon really isn't weird though. It's just a really big carnivorous fish.
You just got... (Siberian) Trapped!
"It's a TRAP!"
At the end of the video, you almost get the impression that something baaaad is about to happen... :)
when the dying is great
i loved the tibit about the ginkgos and conifer’s. it’s so important for us to remember and appreciate that these species have been doing nearly the same thing for millions of year’s.
You are the greatest paleontology TH-cam’s ever I love your content
This series is an absolute gem. I don't think I have ever seen a more immersive narration of the crazy story of evolution in our planet!
This channel, and series in particular, has reignited my childhood love of natural history and prehistoric life forms. I couldn’t be happier to have stumbled upon your content.
Man... I love the way this video ended. If it wasnt natural history I'd call foul for a cliffhanger. That being said...massive die off.... again.
The end, everyone dies. A historic classic.
The end sort of reminded me of Bambi Meets Godzilla. 🤔
That's a really good take. 😁
I wanna pull a Nigel Marvin and rescue an infant Inostrancevia. I’ll name him Ivan.
Edit: we must protect TimTim at all costs.
#TimTimDidNothingWrong
Dvinia is very cute! It's wild to think about how these stem mammals rose to dominance in the Permian, only to be forced to live in the shadows of the dinosaurs during the mesozoic for millions of years before they would rise again. Like many have said, I enjoy the presentation of the P-T Extinction as a cliffhanger. It uh, definitely warrants being given a bit of additional gravitas!
Babe wake up, Paleo Analysis just uploaded.
We going to learn today!
"The trilobites were about to be thrown a lifeline. Things were finally starting to look up."
Me, knowing what happens at the end: 😔
i love dinosaurs, but i think if i could time travel 1 time, i'd go back to see a live dimetrodon
sorry timtim but you may have to wait a "little" longer for the synapsid golden age
Today I learned there's an animal named Bulbasaurus, cool. Also VERY excited for the beginning of the Mesozoic.
Amazing! Just amazing. 😮 A great Video about this fascinating time period. I ❤️ this series so much. You explain this complex theme in a unique breathtaking and funny way. Awesome!
And what happens now (thanks to the Siberian trap 🌋🌋🌋 ) in the next 10,000 years, we'd rather not talk about. For reasons. 😬
And now I'm looking forward to the Triassic. 🦖
First and all, thanks for these videos, i love these (and take your time doing these, don't listen to anyone who tells you to rush this series).
I also have a question. Would you consider the paleogeography or paleo-ecosystems of the Permian more similar to that of today (than the Cretaceous for example) given some of the creatures seem to be more similar to those of today (than dinosaurs were). Maybe Eurasia in a way is similar to Pangaea at the time with the Himalaya mountains?
Dinosaurs still exist and are plentiful so on the surface it would seem dinosaurs were very different to todays animals but I am not sure that your statement as I understood it stands as there are animals today that are in fact dinosaurs. I think you should look into niches and how body plans tend to have trends based on niches. Like large herbivores have the barrel chests and big body.
Do keep in mind that a lot of what is shown in the video is artistic interpretations meant to especially emphasize that these are stem mammals. We have no way of knowing what they actually looked like in detail. Like Whatever also said, we still have dinosaurs today, as well as crocodiles and whales and other things that the permian at best had approximations for. The permian also didn't have flowering plants, which form the vast majority of the base for every single terrestrial ecosystem on the planet.
All in all, in spite of the difference in form in the top predators and herbivores, my two cents is that the cenozoic is a lot closer to the cretacious than the permian as far as the food web is concerned. The biggest difference is probably just what's at the top.
Ahh…the End Permian Mass Extinction…
Basically Earth doing the “Upgrade, Upgrade, Upgra-wait no! Go back!!!” And almost pulling a hard reset.
And yet life still holds out by the skin of its teeth. This is why I think, short of the sun going Red Giant, life is never truly going to die out. Something will always live, adapt… even if most of the former species aren’t around to see it.
Tragically, with how things currently are, that might (MIGHT) include humans unless we cotton on that we are affected by our own choices as well.
*Launching into rousing speech about the tenacity of life near the end of the Permian.*
Me: Here it comes!!
Seriously though I cannot wait to see the next installment, this is my favorite educational series on TH-cam
Great video! Whenever there is a speech made that make you say "YEAH!" there is a decent chance for the universe to immediately say "NOPE!"
Murphy's Law should be taught in schools. 😄
I wanna bring back the ancient world, tree-ferns and horsetails and nautilus :3
Oooogh, time for the Triassic! I haven't heard much about Triassic chondrichthyes, so i look forward to seeing the next development in cartilaginous lads.
I always look forward to your videos and I enjoy them so much!
gotta say, I've never liked the "our ancestors were always the underdogs" line. it's not really true. we're descended from generalists because they're the ones who survive when things get really rough. our ancestors weren't top predators because top predators are bad at surviving mass extinctions. so we, like most living things, are adapted from the adaptable generalists that survived the mass extinctions of the past
yes
Vertebrates were the underdogs for most of history though. The brief stint of the Devonian didn’t last long, and even then. The fish in the Devonian were no friends to our ancestors
@@samsmith4242 firstly, all fish are vertebrates so I'm not sure what you're trying to say about that. secondly, vertebrates have held all the terrestrial megafaunal niches since the end of the Carboniferous and the majority of marine megafaunal niches since the Devonian. and finally, I didn't say that our ancestors have occupied top predator or megafaunal niches throughout Earth's history. I said that we occupied the niches of small generalists because those are the only niches that stay open in a mass extinction. the reason we didn't evolve from top predators isn't that our ancestors were underdogs or somehow couldn't evolve enough. it's because mass extinctions eliminate all the top predators and megafauna, while leaving small generalists, like our ancestors and the ancestors of nearly everything alive today, with niches to exploit.
Well done! Will be watching again in prep for some relevant upcoming episodes!
The end of the Paleozoic.
Aren’t pareiasaurs anapsid parereptiles and not diapsids?
This series is amazing, sorry I'm poor but I want to throw a little of my income your way to keep this amazing series going, thanks for everything ❤.
Omg thank you so much! I've actually never gotten a Super Thanks before! I will definitely be shouting you out at the end of the next video I am currently editing right now!
I know you have been sick, I hope you are better. Absolutely amazing that you are already working on new content. Your passion for this subject, is what makes your videos truly amazing, thanks again 😀
The first of the dinosaur are next yes
Omg your new form is just ADORABLE AF, it’s so baby sized!!
Perfect dino bite sized
@@GreenPoint_one 😳🦖
ofc the Texas mountain was like, scuse me while I wreck your world. cool hike tho, fossils everywhere
20:16
“I’m sure it’s just thunder…from under…ground?!”
Cue the scene from Ice Age 1 where hot magma starts erupting from underneath the ice.
Here’s a link to a video clip of the scene: th-cam.com/video/OhhflBmivAs/w-d-xo.html
Let’s the infamous Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction commence.
That last scream bit got me 😂
Same for real. 🤣
_"It is time, Tim-Tim... Time to take over the world!"_
🎶 They're Tim-Tim and Dvinia, yes Tim-Tim and Dvinia... 🎶
This needs to be a song. 😎
Seeing images of fully furred gorgonopsids is making me wonder: how do we know they didn't have external ears? And since cynodonts didn't seem to have external ears at this time, when did they evolve? I would love a video on this topic if it sounds interesting! I tried to research it myself but I couldn't find much. Thank you for the video!
The evolution of the ear could potentially be explored through how the skull receives sound.
I am referring to what happens after the sound sensitive organ receives sound and where it goes 'til it reaches the brain.
Most scientists seem to be convinced that therian mammals were the first to evolve external ears based on their ear bones and the fact monotremes dont have them. However when it comes to the second point monotremes might have had external ears but lost them when they became aquatic, with echidnas retaining this feature. The answer of how far back that trait goes is still in the air
Timtim's panic when the jawless "apex predator" shows its teeth is hilarious!!! XD And of course the summary is great too. ;-)
...the Siberian Traps ... (yes, that's right, blame this on the Russians too 🤪)
This way of telling The Whole Story is genius. I hope you're speaking with Netflix right now, because this series deserves a bigger budget!! All that time, that research and the sheer hard work you must have put into these videos is clear to see.
The idea of breaking up the Permian into two parts was smart; in my own streams on geologic history I take the polar opposite stance ideologically, but I found that the mid-Permian biotic interchange is probably one of the most poorly researched events in Earth's history. Indeed, it seems like the Permian in general is incredibly enigmatic; crazy seeing how little we have to go on compared to periods before & after. The Triassic contains almost as many biological mysteries; however, I was completely unaware of how different the beginning & the end of Permian actually was. In just 15 million years the Earth almost looked like a different planet.
That's rich coming from someone who makes an entire video series about denying evolution.
@@LG22475 I literally said I took the polar opposite stance ideologically, also macroevolution is a cultish farce. I'm not just denying it, I'm debunking it.
The Permian actually has to be split into THREE sections-there is an exticntion event that occurred ten million years before the Great Dying that separates the Middle and Late Permian.
Even greater difference when you realize the permian represents coastal inland areas preflood and the world afterwards was dramatically transformed in only one year, not 15 million
@@cosmictreason2242 The difference in the geology & biology of the planet is so striking in rock layers, the mid-Permian is as underrated as it is enigmatic. How the planet can change so drastically so suddenly is beyond me; nothing like it before or since except if you count the beginning of the Cambrian or beginning of life itself.
Thankyou! I loved this, it was well worth waiting for, and I learned something as well. Whilst I knew Lystrosaurus had been around before The Great Dying, I didn't know the Therocephalians had been, too. All the various paleo documentaries I've seen seemed to imply these hunters evolved during or just after, the End Permian Mass Extinction. So, thanks again for clearing this misconception of mine up for me!
Oh, and seeing TimTim hurtling head over heels across the credits screen gave me a good laugh, too!
BOOM
WE GOTTA WAIT AGAIN NOOOOOOOO
IT'S FINALLY HERE
Amazing! :-D As usual :-)
Awesome series on an awesome channel.
No matter what earth throws at it, Life never gives up, thats the best thing about it. Life truly does, find a way
Oh man, we're so close to the Triassic I can practically taste the flood basalt 👀
At long last… YES!!! 🤗🤗🤗
Found this channel n watched this series start to present. Hope you do more >i think you will< 👍🤙
TH-cam Algorithm
Nice job! Really enjoyed this one. Great ending.
I’ll be wearing my Lisowicia Tshirt today to celebrate that you’ve finally reached the dicynodonts. The permotiassic extinctions are why we can’t have nice things. WHY GOD, WHY DID YOU TAKE THE DICYNODONTS AWAY?!?!
it seems that just before the Great Dying terrestrial ecosystems were getting more complex than they ever did with some reptiles starting the transition to the water for the second time after the Mesosaurids died out like Claudiosaurus. Imagine how the world would have eventually developed once the harsh conditions ended without the Great Dying killing off all these animals would have ended in our timeline's early Triassic without the Great Dyin ever happening.
*Won't somebody **_please_** think of the Moschops too!*
Very well earth enjoy your victory over us, while it lasts
love these vids, can't wait for more!
I can’t wait for the Triassic period and the creatures like Placerias, Postosuchus and the First dinosaurs.
11:50 Awwwww.....
and then everything died. lol
I just love this series. The way Paleo Analysis describes each period and species is so easy to listen to.
I think you just like his voice lol
YEEEEESSSSSSSSSS
To be continued? Well, I certainly hope so. We haven't reached Megalodon yet!
I have to say I was very surprised, I never expected the late permian extinction plot twist! Jokes aside that was hilarious, keep up the great work on this amazing series
Awwww yeeee let's go
Oh yeah, new evolution baby!
The idea of a reef slowly getting pushed above the water really appeals to me. I'm going try to draw it.
dood
Wow. We've come a long way baby
And the freaking Trilobites are still not extinct. 🤣
@@apexnext I like the soft chew centers
I have found my spirit animal and it is Scutosaurus! And your avatars are getting cuter!
Question: You said every extinction event is a marker between periods and marks the end of a period and the beginning of another, right? Why didn't the middle permian event end it and begin another period? What's so different about this one?
Not as extensive, but large enough to have a distinct fossil record. But the divisions are somewhat subjective. Perhaps Permian should be divided into two distinct periods?
Look at Carboniferous. Some paleo people would like to see this divided into two. Not everyone agrees though.
The permian era was a very long time ago. With time, the evidence of how intense things were and their impacts are less noticeable.
Just look at all the things from the last 66 million years.
Life has changed so dramatically!
But, what about the evidence left in the rock?
Its noticeability will decrease over a great deal of time.
Rocks do not last forever nor does any recording made on them.
There are far fewer species of animal around today than in the ice age.
It can be debated that a new period has already begun.
Paleontologists from a species in the far future might think that the planet rapidly got too warm for them, resulting in a mass extinction.
I’m so glad you mentioned the Guadalupe Mts. It’s truly one of the most beautiful landscapes in Texas, everyone here should go someday. Especially during the fall when the colors change!
🥳🥳🥳
I was really looking forward to this one!!! 🙂
You shouldn't lead TimTim on like that... although I suppose he deserves it for wiping out the elephant birds.
I’m too old for comfort (52) and I’ve watched tons and tons of documentaries about all sorts of animals and the early earth as long as I can remember. Your series is still teaching me tons. Amazing job
There are a lot of people who want to use a time machine to go relive the 80s. Me, I’d go back to the distant past and see what the earth was like in these past ages. Luckily time travel is impossible so I won’t have the opportunity to step on the wrong creature and change history. 😂
Let's go!
Can’t wait to see how TimTim deals with the Mesozoic. Little guys gonna have a heart attack by the Jurassic lol